Implementation of the Inmate Rehabilitation Assessment System (SPPN) to Reduce Recidivism at the Class I Cipinang Prison in East Jakarta
Downloads
This study examines the implementation of the Inmate Rehabilitation Assessment System (SPPN) in reducing recidivism at Class I Cipinang Prison, East Jakarta. The background of this research is rooted in the persistent issue of high recidivism rates in Indonesia, indicating that correctional institutions have not fully achieved their rehabilitative goals. The study aims to analyze how SPPN is implemented and to evaluate its effectiveness in shaping inmates’ behavior and preventing repeat offenses. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach, involving purposive sampling of correctional officers and relevant stakeholders. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation review, and analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing supported by qualitative analysis software. The findings reveal that SPPN plays a significant role in fostering behavioral change and moral awareness among inmates through structured programs, emotional approaches, and psychosocial interventions. However, its effectiveness is constrained by structural challenges such as overcapacity, limited human resources, and weak inter-agency coordination. Additionally, external factors, including social stigma and lack of post-release support, contribute to the persistence of recidivism. In conclusion, while SPPN is effective in promoting internal behavioral transformation during incarceration, it has not fully succeeded in reducing recidivism. Strengthening institutional capacity, enhancing cross-sector collaboration, and improving post-release support systems are essential to achieve sustainable rehabilitation outcomes.
Bonta, J., & Andrews, D. A. (2017). The Psychology of Criminal Conduct. Routledge.
Braithwaite, J. (1989). Crime, shame and reintegration. Cambridge university press.
Burnett, R., & McNeill, F. (2005). The place of the officer–offender relationship in assisting offenders to desist from crime. Probation Journal, 52(3), 221–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/0264550505055112
Creswell, J. W. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
Cullen, F. T., Jonson, C. L., & Mears, D. P. (2017). Reinventing Community Corrections. Crime and Justice, 46(1), 27–93. https://doi.org/10.1086/688457
Fazel, S., & Wolf, A. (2015). A Systematic Review of Criminal Recidivism Rates Worldwide: Current Difficulties and Recommendations for Best Practice. PLOS ONE, 10(6), e0130390. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130390
Hamamah, F., Pamungkas, A. J., & Andriyati, Y. (2020). The effectiveness of imprisonment to recidivists in relation to the role of correctional institutions in prisoner guidance system in the perspective of corrections law. UNIFIKASI: Journal of Legal Sciences, 7(1), 58–69.
Hidayat, A. (2020). Social Stigma of Former Prisoners in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Criminology, 16(2), 145–160.
Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1995 tentang Pemasyarakatan, (1995).
Maghfiroh, L., & Lewoleba, K. K. (2024). The Role of Correctional Institutions in Recidivism in Social Reintegration Efforts. Indonesian Legal Media, 2(2), 204–210.
Maruna, S., Immarigeon, R., & LeBel, T. P. (2004). Ex-offender reintegration: theory and practice. After Crime and Punishment: Pathways to Offender Reintegration, 3–26. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315183015-1
McNeill, F. (2019). Pioneering Desistance: The “Good Lives” Model and the Human Turn in Probation Practice. Palgrave Macmillan.
Skeem, J. L., Manchak, S., & Peterson, J. K. (2011). Correctional Policy for Offenders with Mental Illness: Creating a New Paradigm for Recidivism Reduction. Law and Human Behavior, 35(2), 110–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10979-010-9223-7
Sunariyah, S., Warka, M., & Zeinudin, M. (2025). The Role of Community Supervisors in Reducing the Recidivism Rate in Pamekasan Regency. Journal of Business Law, 4(1), 122–126.
Tambunan, T. J. S., Hamzah, I., & Priyatmono, B. (2023). Integrated inmate development program at Class IIB Tebing Tinggi Prison. INNOVATIVE: Journal of Social Science Research, 3(4), 2954–2960.
Taxman, F. S., Perdoni, M. L., & Harrison, L. D. (2007). Drug Treatment Services for Adult Offenders: The State of the State. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 32(3), 239–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2006.12.019
Visher, C. A., & Travis, J. (2003). Transitions from Prison to Community: Understanding Individual Pathways. Annual Review of Sociology, 29, 89–113. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.095931
Ward, T., & Brown, M. (2004). The good lives model and conceptual issues in offender rehabilitation. Psychology, Crime & Law, 10(3), 243–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/10683160410001662744
Ward, T., & Maruna, S. (2007). Rehabilitation: Beyond the Risk Paradigm. Routledge.
Zehr, H. (2015). The Little Book of Restorative Justice. Good Books.
Copyright (c) 2026 Audyshia Rifa Charisma Sakti, Iqrak Sulhin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
