Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies

The Impact of a Loyalty Program on Credit Card Portfolio Performance: A Cluster-Based Analysis of Redeemers and Non-Redeemers in Q Rewards, Q-Bank Qatar

Davy Andriansyah H Sihotang — 2026-01-14

Qatar is one of the wealthiest nations globally, with a relatively small population of approximately 3 million. It has attracted nearly 20 active banks, resulting in a highly saturated and intensely competitive market. In Qatar’s market, Q-Bank positions the Q-Rewards loyalty program as a core strategic differentiator and has made significant investments to boost customer engagement and profitability. However, with rising reward liabilities, it is critical to assess whether the program contributes meaningfully to revenue generation. This research studies the effectiveness of Q-Bank (pseudonym), Qatar’s loyalty program, “Q-Rewards,” and its impact on credit card portfolio performance—based on the correlation between loyalty program engagement and profitability—through behavior-based customer segmentation. The research draws on credit card transaction data from Q-Bank customers between 2023 and 2024, using K-means clustering analysis in Tableau software. The research identifies five distinct behavioral and profitability clusters, each with unique characteristics in terms of loyalty engagement, spending categories, income, age, tenure, nationality, digital usage, and contribution to overall portfolio profitability. It reveals that redeemers—customers who utilize their loyalty points—tend to be significantly more engaged and profitable than non-redeemers, generating approximately 1.2 to 2.4 times higher profitability across all clusters. This finding demonstrates that redemption behavior correlates positively with profitability. This research also offers a practical framework for Q-Bank to optimize its loyalty program by implementing personalized engagement strategies, enabling the bank to better manage reward liabilities and strengthen its competitive positioning in Qatar’s dynamic banking environment.

The Implementation of Project Based Learning Through Two-Stay Two Stray Technique to Promote Students Creative Thinking Skill In Procedure Text

Opan Siroj — 2026-01-12

Students’ creative thinking skills were in the low category, as they were only able to meet the indicators of fluency and flexibility, while the indicators of originality and elaboration still needed improvement. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model through the Two-Stay Two-Stray Technique to promote creative thinking skills in procedure text material. The research method used was a mixed-method approach with a one-group pre-test–post-test design. The research sample consisted of 30 ninth-grade junior high school students. The instruments used included a creative thinking skill test in the form of essay questions and a student response questionnaire. Data analysis involved a paired sample t-test to compare students’ mean scores before and after the treatment, followed by an N-Gain analysis with the assistance of SPSS version 25. The results of the study showed an increase in the average score of creative thinking skills from the “fair” category to the “excellent” category, with an N-Gain score in the medium category (0.673). The creative thinking indicators that showed improvement with a high N-Gain category were fluency, flexibility, and originality, whereas the elaboration indicator obtained a low N-Gain category. The average percentage of students’ responses to the learning ranged between 87%–89%, which fell into the “excellent” criteria. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the implementation of the PjBL model through the Two-Stay Two-Stray Technique was able to equip students with creative thinking skills in procedure text material, achieving an N-Gain category of medium.

Implementation of Value Chain Management in Strengthening Distribution Channels: A Business Coaching Study at the Lavida Depot Jakarta

Arfianie Ayu — 2026-01-13

The bottled drinking water (air minum dalam kemasan, AMDK) industry in Indonesia faces increasingly intense competition due to the rapid growth in the number of producers and registered brands. This situation prompts PT Harazaki Surya Abadi, the producer of Lavida bottled water, to strengthen its competitiveness by improving its distribution channels. This study aims to analyze and implement value chain management in strengthening distribution channels: a business coaching study at the Lavida Depot Jakarta in the development of the Lavida Jakarta Depot as a strategy to expand distribution coverage and enhance sales performance. The research adopts a business coaching approach, with data collected through interviews, direct observation, and document analysis. The analytical framework includes the Business Model Canvas, Porter’s Five Forces, SWOT analysis, and VRIO framework to identify key problems and strategic needs. The findings indicate that limited distribution reach is the main barrier to Lavida’s market growth. The implementation of value chain management is realized through the design of business processes, development of standard operating procedures, marketing and sales planning, and strengthening of procurement and logistics systems. The results demonstrate that a value chain–based approach improves the operational readiness of the depot in supporting effective and efficient distribution channel strengthening.

Techno Economic Analysis Of Relay Connectivity Using Satellites With Geo Infrastructure To Reach Telecommunications Blank Spot Areas

Andika Budi Wicaksono — 2026-01-13

With such a large number of islands and populations, there is a big problem in Indonesia, namely telecommunication problems. The main problem in the telecommunications sector in Indonesia is the difficulty of developing wireless and cable network infrastructure so that it cannot reach all regions. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficiency of capex and opex related to the use of GEO satellites to integrate between BTS HUBs on Sapudi Island in terms of link budget and techno economic analysis. The Link Budgeting analysis is based on the availability of Base Station Controller (BSC) at the transmitting ground station in the city of Surabaya and on the availability of the receiver VSAT, namely BTS located on Sapudi island, both of which are connected to the GEO Nusantara Satu satellite. Techno economic analysis is carried out by adopting Capital Budgeting analysis. The elements that make up Capital Budgeting include Capex consisting of RAN, MW, Power, VSAT and Tower in VSAT and FO. Opex consists of maintenance, NOC, Monthly Lease, Annual ISR and Drive Test as well as VSAT and FO. Potential Revenue in this study is the value of income obtained from USO funds (operator involvement). Model simulations, both budget and techno economic link, were validated by consulting the model with academic collaborators, namely supervisors. The results of the study show that technically, the application of GEO satellites on Sapudi Island has a low Carrier To Noise (C/N) value with a value of 13.90 dB

Influence of Budget Availability, Value Engineering (VE), Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA), and Green Building Understanding on Green Building Implementation in School Buildings in DKI Jakarta

Siriyah Nindry Noviardini — 2026-01-14

The application of the green building concept in school buildings in DKI Jakarta is one of the strategic steps in supporting sustainable development. The concept aims to improve energy efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and create a healthy learning environment. However, the level of implementation still faces various challenges influenced by a number of factors. This study aims to analyze the influence of budget availability, Value Engineering (VE), Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA), and understanding of green building concepts on the level of application of green building concepts in school buildings in DKI Jakarta. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data was obtained through questionnaires distributed to related parties, such as school managers, consultants, and contractors involved in the construction and renovation of school buildings. Data analysis was carried out using multiple regression techniques to test the influence of each independent variable on the dependent variable. The results of the study show that the availability of budget, VE, LCCA, and understanding of green building concepts significantly affect the level of application of green building concepts in school buildings. Budget availability is a major factor influencing implementation decisions, while VE and LCCA contribute to efficient and sustainable decision-making. On the other hand, the level of understanding of the concept of green building also plays an important role in determining the extent to which this concept can be applied optimally. This research provides recommendations to local governments, school managers, and related parties to increase budget allocation.

Improving the Performance of the Army Planning and Budget Staff at the Army Headquarters Through the Implementation of a Planning Information System

Oviyan Patra — 2026-01-08

This study aims to analyze the relationship between technology, organization, and human resources variables and the effectiveness of the Planning Information System (SISFOREN) usage at the Army Headquarters (MABESAD), assess the impact of SISFOREN effectiveness on the performance of the planning department, and identify obstacles faced during implementation. A quantitative approach using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was employed, with data collected through structured surveys distributed to planning and budgeting staff members. The findings reveal that technology does not significantly influence effectiveness (), attributed to implementation challenges and users' limited technical understanding. In contrast, organization positively impacts effectiveness (), highlighting the importance of structured communication and organizational support. Human resources also significantly affect effectiveness (), emphasizing the critical need for comprehensive training programs. Furthermore, the effectiveness of SISFOREN significantly enhances planning performance (), demonstrating improvements in data monitoring, decision-making speed, and administrative efficiency. However, obstacles such as inadequate technology integration, user skill gaps, and unsupportive organizational structures persist. The study contributes to understanding information system implementation in military contexts and provides practical recommendations for optimizing SISFOREN's deployment. Addressing these identified issues is essential for maximizing SISFOREN's implementation success and improving its overall efficiency in supporting the Indonesian Army's planning and budgeting operations.

Local Wisdom Strategy as a Globalization Filter: The Role of the Kilmury Language in Kilmury Village, East Seram Regency

Rachel Krestina Huwae — 2026-01-13

This study examines strategies for preserving the Kilmury language as a form of local wisdom in filtering the influence of globalization in Kilmury Village, East Seram Regency. A qualitative approach with a case study method was employed to explore the role of the local language in maintaining cultural identity through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The findings reveal that the family environment serves as the primary stronghold for language transmission, where daily communication, advice, folktales, and prayers are conveyed in the Kilmury language. The role of traditional leaders extends the use of the language into public domains through customary events, religious activities, and village deliberations. Ritual activities and oral traditions, such as storytelling and traditional ceremonies, function to enrich vocabulary, preserve symbolic values, and foster a sense of identity pride. Digital media is utilized to expand the language’s domain through creative content, online classes, and digital documentation. Community initiatives such as language classes, cultural festivals, and the “One Kilmury Word a Day” program encourage intergenerational participation. The main challenges include the dominance of Indonesian and global languages, low interest among the younger generation, and limited educational and technological resources. Recommendations include creating a “Kilmury Language House” in families, adding culture-based materials in schools, holding annual festivals, forming preservation forums, promoting digital literacy, and setting up a regional documentation unit. Preserving the Kilmury language requires joint efforts from families, leaders, communities, and technology to sustain it as a cultural identity in the global era.

Designing a Model Using a Dynamic Systems Approach in the Utilization of Nickel Slag Waste

Raden Budi Setiadi — 2026-01-07

The nickel smelting industry in Indonesia generates substantial volumes of slag waste, which pose significant environmental risks if not managed effectively. This study aims to develop a utilization model for nickel slag employing a dynamic systems approach over the 2025–2034 time horizon. The research utilizes secondary data obtained from smelter company reports, relevant literature, and scenario simulations constructed using Powersim. The simulation outcomes reveal a progressive increase in slag generation that is disproportionate to the available processing capacity, resulting in the accumulation of unmanaged nickel slag. Scenario-based optimization demonstrates that enhancing processing capacity by approximately 5%–10% annually can markedly reduce the volume of unmanaged slag. These results underscore the importance of adopting a circular economy framework to support sustainable nickel slag utilization within the smelting industry.

Development of GRE IPSec for Enhancing Private Network Scalability: Performance, Cost, and Regulatory Framework

Mochammad Iqbal Fahriza — 2026-01-07

This research explores the implementation of GRE IPSec private networks as a secure and cost-effective solution for data transmission in corporate environments. The primary objective is to address the challenges of ensuring secure data transfer over private networks while meeting technical, economic, and regulatory requirements, particularly within the context of Indonesia. The research employs a comprehensive methodology that includes network topology design and simulation using GNS3, an economic feasibility analysis incorporating CAPEX, OPEX, NPV, IRR, PI, and PP metrics, and a regulatory review based on Indonesia’s Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE). By examining the integration of GRE and IPSec protocols, this study evaluates their effectiveness in safeguarding sensitive corporate data when transmitted over public networks. The hypotheses focus on enhanced transmission data, cost, and regulatory compliance. The findings provide insights into the technical performance, economic viability, and legal alignment of GRE IPSec private networks in Indonesia. This research offers a robust framework for enterprises to develop secure, scalable, and compliant private network infrastructures

The Influence of Community Involvement on the Success of Road and Canal Projects in the Slum Quality Improvement Program by Mediating Satisfaction and Communication Quality in Tanjung Priok District, North Jakarta

Agung Suparjono — 2026-01-14

The issue of slum areas in North Jakarta poses a significant challenge that requires serious attention. The Community Implementation Project (CIP) program has emerged as a solution to improve the quality of slum settlements through active community involvement. It is believed that community participation can enhance the success of infrastructure development projects, particularly in terms of quality, sustainability, and long-term maintenance. This study aims to analyze the influence of community involvement on the success of infrastructure projects in slum areas of North Jakarta, with community satisfaction as a mediating variable and government support as a moderating variable. A quantitative research approach is employed, using a survey that involves respondents from six districts in North Jakarta that participate in the CIP program. Data collected through questionnaires will be analyzed using the Structural Equation Modelling–Partial Least Squares (SEM–PLS) method to identify the relationships between variables. The findings of this study are expected to demonstrate that community involvement contributes significantly to project success. Government support is anticipated to strengthen the relationship between community involvement and project outcomes, while community satisfaction may act as a mediator that enhances the effect of participation on project performance.

Thermal Comfort and Adaptive Behaviour in a Naturally Ventilated Heritage School: A Field Study in a Tropical Highland Climate

Erica Bridgette — 2026-01-08

Achieving thermal comfort in educational environments is crucial for student well-being, yet it poses a significant challenge for naturally ventilated heritage buildings in tropical climates. This study investigates the relationship between objective thermal conditions and subjective comfort perceptions in a colonial-era, naturally ventilated school in Bandung, Indonesia. A mixed-methods approach combined objective physical measurements (T<sub>a</sub>, RH, T<sub>g</sub>, WBGT) with subjective questionnaires (N=50) assessing thermal sensation, comfort, and adaptive behaviors. Findings reveal a significant disconnect between physical data and subjective experience. Counterintuitively, the objectively warmer classroom was perceived as more comfortable and less disruptive. Statistical analysis confirmed no significant correlation between thermal data and subjective responses (p > 0.05). Instead, higher occupant density and student physiology post-recess (thermal alliesthesia—the phenomenon where thermal perception is influenced by recent physiological changes) were more influential factors. The study concludes that a purely physical-metric approach is insufficient for heritage buildings, providing strong empirical support for the Adaptive Comfort Model. The research underscores that design and management strategies must consider contextual factors, such as occupant density and activity patterns, to effectively improve learning environments.

An Evaluation of the Implementation of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum Program for Pancasila Education at the Junior High School Level Using the Stake Countenance Model

Luthfita Aziza — 2026-01-07

This study aims to evaluate the implementation program of the Independent Learning Curriculum at the junior high school level in Pancasila Education subjects using the Countenance Stake Model. The research focuses on three main aspects: antecedents, transactions, and outcomes, in order to assess the alignment between the program’s objectives, its execution, and the results achieved. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, involving data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that the curriculum implementation has generally met the expected standards, particularly in fostering students’ critical thinking, character development, and active participation. However, several challenges remain, including limited teacher understanding of the curriculum framework, lack of supporting learning resources, and variations in student adaptability. The evaluation results suggest the need for continuous professional development for teachers, provision of adequate learning materials, and a more structured monitoring system. Overall, the Countenance Stake Model provides a comprehensive perspective to identify both the strengths and weaknesses of the curriculum implementation, offering recommendations for improving the effectiveness of Pancasila Education in the Independent Learning Curriculum at the junior high school level

In Silico Study: Metabolite Compounds of Zingiber Officinale Var. Rubrum as Potential E2F2 Inhibitor Agents in Breast Cancer Signaling Pathway

Khoirunnisa Purwamita Budiutami — 2026-01-05

Breast cancer ranks among the leading causes of death in women, linked to disruptions in signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation and survival, particularly E2F2 gene activity. E2F2 regulation falters when pRB is phosphorylated by Cyclin D–CDK4/6 or Cyclin E–CDK2 complexes, freeing E2F2 to activate cell cycle genes. This study, "In Silico Study: Metabolite Compounds of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum as Potential E2F2 Inhibitor Agents in Breast Cancer Signaling Pathway," assesses red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) metabolites as CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors via molecular docking in silico. Target protein structures came from the Protein Data Bank; metabolites were chosen for reported anticancer effects and 3D-modeled. Docking used Molegro Virtual Docker to gauge ligand affinity and interactions at active sites. Results highlighted [12]-shogaol, (E,E)-α-farnesene, and 1-dehydro-[6]-gingerdione as CDK4 inhibitors; azafrin, [8]-shogaol, and [12]-shogaol for CDK6. These exhibit strong binding via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions at key residues. Red ginger metabolites show promise as CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors for breast cancer therapy, pending in vitro/in vivo validation.

The Construction of Narratives Regarding Accusations of Wahabism and Anti-Pancasila Against PKS in the Mass Media

Henry Sianipar — 2026-01-14

This study examines the narratives constructed by mass media regarding accusations of Wahabism and anti-Pancasila associated with the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) in Indonesia. Utilizing a critical paradigm, the research analyzes the impact of media coverage on public opinion and the ideological implications for PKS. Through qualitative methods—including in-depth interviews with four key informants (PKS Secretary General H. Muhammad Kholid, Head of PKS DPP Organization Bureau Sunarto, media observer Andre Bachtiar, and political researcher Revan Fauzano from Constra Indonesia) and critical discourse analysis of online media content from 2019–2024—this study reveals systematic patterns in media discourse that contribute to the stigmatization of PKS. The findings highlight the role of disinformation in shaping political narratives and uncover a disconnect between media representations and PKS's actual ideology, which upholds Pancasila as its foundational principle. The results emphasize the need for improved journalistic practices and media literacy to counteract sensationalism and misinformation in political communication. This study contributes to political communication literature by providing empirical validation of Aeron Davis's theory on structural crisis in digital-age political communication, demonstrating how media political economy, attention economy, and mediatization processes interact to produce systematic disinformation campaigns against political actors. Recommendations include structural media industry reforms addressing business model crises, regulatory frameworks emphasizing transparency and accountability rather than censorship, multi-stakeholder dialogue forums, and comprehensive public media literacy programs integrated with community institutions.

Work Engagement As A Mediator Linking Person-Job Fit, Perceived Training Benefit, And Self-Efficacy To Employee Resilience Among Heavy Equipment Mechanics

Kahvi Febriana Taufiq — 2026-01-10

The coal mining industry is a high-risk work sector that demands high psychological resilience from its workers, including heavy equipment mechanics. Resilience is the key ability to survive, adapt, and remain productive under extreme work pressure. This study aims to examine the influence of Person-Job Fit (PJF), Perceived Training Benefit (BEN), and Self-Efficacy (SE) on Resilience (RES), with Work Engagement (WE) as a mediating variable. This study uses a quantitative approach with convenience sampling techniques on 301 heavy equipment mechanics working in the coal mining industry. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey and analyzed using the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results of the study show that PJF and SE have a positive and significant direct influence on RES. In contrast, BEN does not have a direct effect on RES, but shows significant influence indirectly through WE mediation. All three independent variables—PJF, BEN, and SE—also had a significant effect on WE, which in turn increased RES. These findings confirm that WE plays an important mediating role in strengthening the relationship between individual resources and job resilience. The practical implications of these results encourage organizations to improve job suitability, training effectiveness, and employee self-confidence as strategies for building psychological resilience in challenging work environments.

The Role of Picture Media in Text – Based Indonesian Language Learning in Elementary Schools

Nafisatul Lubbiya — 2026-01-10

Indonesian is an important subject in Elementary School because it supports the development of students' literacy skills, especially in reading and writing texts. However, in practice, many students have difficulty in understanding and composing texts due to monotonous learning methods and minimal use of concrete media. This study aims to describe the process of using image media in text-based Indonesian language learning and analyze its impact on the ability to understand and compose texts in grade III students of SDI Nurul Yaqin. The method used is qualitative descriptive research with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, documentation, and analysis of student assignment results. The results of the study show that the use of image media, such as story illustrations, mind maps, comics, real photos, and infographics, can improve students' understanding of the contents of the text, strengthen the narrative and descriptive structures, and encourage creativity and learning motivation. The application of image media also helps simplify abstract concepts and create a more interactive learning atmosphere. Thus, image media has proven effective in improving elementary school students' literacy skills, especially in text-based Indonesian language learning. The findings contribute to literacy education theory by demonstrating the mediating role of visual representation in developing metalinguistic awareness and textual competence among young learners. Practical implications include evidence-based guidance for teachers on selecting, sequencing, and integrating picture media strategically within text-based instruction to maximize comprehension gains and compositional fluency.

Between a Calling and Economic Reality: A Phenomenological Study of Honorary Teachers’ Motivation in Developing Competence

Muhtadin Muhtadin — 2026-01-06

This study examines the phenomenon of honorary teachers’ motivation in developing professional competence within the tension between a sense of calling and economic reality in the Indonesian educational context. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research explores the lived experiences and subjective meanings constructed by honorary teachers as they navigate economic uncertainty and limited access to professional development. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and participatory observations involving ten honorary teachers who graduated within the last five years and work in urban areas, and were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal four major themes: teaching as a calling that provides intrinsic meaning, economic pressure and job insecurity that generate identity conflict, adaptive strategies employed to sustain professional competence development, and social support as a crucial source of motivation. These results highlight the complex interaction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation within conditions of social marginalization and emphasize the role of structural and social support in sustaining honorary teachers’ professional commitment. The study contributes theoretically by extending motivation theory through the inclusion of existential dimensions and social capital, and practically by offering policy-relevant insights for designing more inclusive and responsive professional development and welfare programs for honorary teachers. Overall, this research underscores the importance of understanding teachers’ lived experiences to promote equitable and sustainable educational development.

The Influence of Brand Image, E-WOM, and Product Quality on Repurchase Decisions Mediated by Customer Satisfaction

I Made Indra Widyadnyana — 2026-01-08

This research examines the role of brand image, E-WOM, and product quality on repurchase decisions mediated by customer satisfaction. Conducted at Chatime outlets in Bali Province, it targeted all Chatime customers using accidental sampling (n=105). Data from a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire were analyzed via PLS-SEM. Findings show brand image, E-WOM, and product quality positively influence Chatime beverage repurchase decisions. Customer satisfaction significantly mediates brand image–repurchase (coefficient = 0.298, T-statistic = 2.382, p = 0.009) and product quality–repurchase relationships (coefficient = 0.202, T-statistic = 1.888, p = 0.030), via pathways where positive perceptions foster satisfaction leading to repurchases. However, it does not mediate E-WOM–repurchase (coefficient = 0.007, T-statistic = 0.155, p = 0.438), indicating direct cognitive effects. Notably, satisfaction mediates brand image and product quality effects but not E-WOM. The study advances literature and aids Chatime in boosting loyalty and satisfaction.

Juridical Review of Conditional Punishment for Perpetrators of Petty Crimes in Indonesia

Margaret Thatcher L — 2026-01-13

This study discusses the use of conditional punishment for people who commit minor crimes in Indonesia, with a focus on child protection as part of the juvenile criminal justice system. Parole is considered a form of restorative justice that not only emphasizes punishment, but also focuses on rehabilitation, education, and social reintegration of the perpetrator. This study discusses case number 6/Pid.Sus-Anak/2025/PN PSW which is a real example of the application of conditional punishment to children involved in acts of minor violence. The imposition of a conditional sentence is based on the perpetrator's age, psychological condition, support from family, and the good attitude shown by the perpetrator. This study uses a normative method by collecting secondary data from legal regulations, legal doctrines, and related court decisions. The results of the study show that conditional sentences are able to avoid the negative impact of detention while providing opportunities for perpetrators to improve themselves in a supervised manner. By applying the principle of "best interest of the child", the juvenile justice system emphasizes the restoration and protection of children's rights. In addition, supervision involving families and communities is an important factor in the successful implementation of conditional punishment as a form of restorative justice. This paper helps contribute to the development of criminal law to be fairer and better, especially for children involved in legal issues, and encourages law enforcement and policymakers to continue to increase the use of conditional criminal mechanisms in Indonesia's criminal justice system.

A Systematic Literature Review on Nutritional Meals for School Children and the Implications for Public Policy in Indonesia

Nonnytha Mahananny — 2026-01-09

This study aims to evaluate the nutritional needs of school children in relation to the Free Nutritious Eating (MBG) policy in Indonesia through a systematic literature review approach. The study was conducted on 26 scientific articles from various countries selected using the PRISMA 2020 method, with the inclusion criteria set include: (1) articles in the last ten years (2015–2025), (2) articles that explicitly discuss the nutritional needs of elementary to secondary school children, (3) articles that examine the contribution of school food programs to the fulfillment of children's nutrition, and (4) studies that are available in full text and written in English. The results show that school meals consistently make a significant contribution to meeting the needs of energy, protein, iron, calcium, fat, fiber and vitamin D, as well as positively impacting children's cognitive function and reducing the consumption of ultra-processed foods, especially in low-socioeconomic groups. In addition, it was found that the success of the program was greatly influenced by the diversity of menus, children's preferences, physical activity, and public policy support. This research makes an important contribution in formulating evidence-based MBG policies that take into account actual nutritional needs, socio-cultural contexts, and behavioral dynamics of children. In conclusion, MBG has great potential as a national strategy to improve the nutritional status and equal access to food for school children, but its successful implementation requires a multidimensional approach and advanced local studies.

Job Boredom and Counterproductive Work Behavior: The Moderating Role of Self-Control (A Study on Civil Servants of the Provincial Government of “X”)

Thenisia Warinta — 2026-01-08

State Civil Apparatus (ASN) remains one of the most sought-after professions in Indonesia. In carrying out their duties, ASN are bound by laws and regulations, particularly those regarding ASN discipline. Data from the State Civil Service Agency indicate that ASN disciplinary violations throughout 2024 reached 4,195 cases. This study investigates the relationship between job boredom and counterproductive work behavior (CWB) among civil servants in Indonesia, while examining the moderating role of self-control. Amid high rates of disciplinary violations among State Civil Apparatus (ASN), there is a pressing need to understand the psychological drivers of these detrimental workplace behaviors. The research aims to determine whether job boredom predicts CWB and whether an individual’s self-control can mitigate this relationship. Using a quantitative correlational approach, the study collected data from 185 civil servants (109 males and 76 females, aged 24–58 years) in the Provincial Government of "X" via questionnaires measuring job boredom, self-control, and interpersonal and organizational CWB. The results showed that job boredom has a positive and significant influence on counterproductive work behavior, both interpersonally (PKK-I) and organizationally (PKK-O). Self-control was also found to significantly moderate the relationship between job boredom and counterproductive work behavior. The results of this study are expected to provide better insight into alternative recruitment and training strategies for employees, especially civil servants in Indonesia.

Electric Vehicle Charging Station Incentive Design for Low Utilization, Fast and Ultra-Fast Chargers in Indonesia

Daniel Prahara Eka Ramadhani — 2026-01-08

This study addresses the financial feasibility challenges of deploying fast and ultra-fast electric vehicle charging station incentive design for low utilization, fast and ultra-fast chargers in Indonesia (EVCS) in Indonesia, where low utilization rates (<30%) create significant economic barriers. It evaluates the impact of government incentive schemes on investment viability using Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) simulations. Schemes analyzed include baseline (no incentive), CAPEX incentive, tariff incentive, and performance-based incentive (PBI), with key indicators: Net Present Value (NPV), IRR, and Payback Period. Simulations reflect utilization below 30%, typical outside major urban centres. Without incentives, projects show negative NPV and sub-threshold IRR. CAPEX incentives reduce upfront costs, improving feasibility; tariff incentives boost cash flow. PBIs, which provide fiscal support per kWh sold or utilization level, enhance sustainability by tying aid to usage. Sensitivity analysis confirms IRR sensitivity to utilization and CAPEX. The study concludes that combining capital and output-based incentives is essential to bridge the viability gap, especially in low-demand regions. This will accelerate EVCS deployment, bolster investor confidence, and advance national electrification goals via inclusive infrastructure.

Gender Mainstreaming in Bureaucracy: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Past Two Decades

Wildan Maulana — 2026-01-12

Over the past two decades, gender mainstreaming in bureaucracy has received increasing attention in public policy and governance studies. This concept highlights the importance of inclusive policies in governance to create a fair and participatory space without gender discrimination. This study aims to understand the direction and development of research related to gender mainstreaming in bureaucracy through a bibliometric approach. An analysis was conducted of 35 scientific articles indexed in the Scopus database from 2004 to 2024. The data was then processed and visualized using the VOSviewer application to identify publication trends; research trends in global, regional, and local contexts; influential journals; authors and countries of major contributors; and potential future research themes. The results of this study revealed five main findings. First, there has been quite sharp fluctuation in this topic, but there are indications of a potential upward trend. Second, there is a tendency for differences in the implementation of gender mainstreaming in global, regional, and local contexts, emphasizing policy adaptation. Third, Comparative European Politics, Gender Work and Organization, and Canadian Public Administration are influential journals in terms of citations, publications, and influential articles. Fourth, the largest contributions came from academics in the UK and the United States. Fifth, several topics were found to be underexplored, such as "gender equality policy" and "gender relations," which have the potential for future development.

The Impact of Stock Liquidity on Corporate Cash Holding: The Role of Ownership Concentration in Indonesia

William Alfa Handoko — 2026-01-06

Research Aims: This study aims to examine the influence of stock liquidity and ownership concentration on corporate cash holdings, including how ownership concentration moderates the relationship between liquidity and cash holdings in the context of an emerging market. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a panel data approach using fixed-effects regression to analyze firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2023. The sample is selected through purposive sampling to firms included in the Kompas100 Index. The amount of data used is 281 observation data. Research Findings: The findings show that higher stock liquidity, particularly turnover ratio, is significantly associated with lower corporate cash holdings, supporting the liquidity discipline hypothesis. Ownership concentration, measured by dominant shareholders’ equity stakes, positively and significantly affects cash holdings, consistent with principal–principal agency problems. However, the interaction term between stock liquidity and ownership concentration is negative and statistically significant, indicating that ownership concentration moderates the relationship by strengthening the negative association between stock liquidity and corporate cash holdings. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study provides empirical evidence that, in the context of an emerging market like Indonesia, ownership concentration may play a role in reinforcing the disciplinary effect of stock liquidity on corporate cash holdings.

Labor Law Implications of the Use of Artificial Intelligence on Employment in Indonesia as a Developing Country

Raffi Ikzaaz Abdallah — 2026-01-05

This study examines the legal implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption in professional employment sectors in Indonesia and compares them with regulatory frameworks in the United States. As a developing nation operating under a civil law system, Indonesia has yet to establish comprehensive regulations capable of responding to the disruptions AI poses to labor stability and job availability. Existing labor legislation and electronic systems regulations do not sufficiently protect workers from the risks of automation or AI-driven termination of employment. In contrast, the United States, through Federal Executive Order No. 14110 (2023) and the Automated Employment Decision Tools Law (2021), has established adaptive regulatory mechanisms emphasizing independent audits, transparency in AI utilization, and the protection of civil rights and employment equity. The findings indicate that Indonesia must develop more responsive AI governance within its labor regulatory framework, including limiting the use of AI in recruitment, restricting AI-based efficiency layoffs, and implementing clear accountability standards for AI providers. These conclusions highlight the need for labor law reform to balance technological advancement with worker protection in the digital era.

Proposed Business Strategy for Customer Experience Management Implementation to Support Airport’s Non-Aeronautical Business Case Study: PT Angkasa Pura Indonesia

I Gst. Ngr. Agung Bayu Ditaprawira — 2026-01-08

Customer experience has become a prominent focus for airport operators to meet passengers' expectations of seamless, comfortable, and memorable journeys. In September 2024, two major airport operators in Indonesia merged into PT Angkasa Pura Indonesia (API), now operating 37 airports across the nation. As a State-Owned Enterprise, API is mandated not only to become an agent of development and value creator but also to serve as the face and pride of the nation. To fulfill these mandates, API must develop a holistic strategy that enhances customer experience while supporting business sustainability. This study reviews literature on business strategy and customer experience management, examines the company's current condition, and conducts research to understand passenger profiles and their perceptions of key touchpoints during departure journeys. Market analysis, internal company assessments, and external environment evaluations were conducted to gain comprehensive insights. Research findings reveal that all touchpoints significantly impact customer satisfaction and willingness to spend. The study proposes an integrated customer experience playbook as a business-level strategy to standardize customer experience understanding and practices company-wide across all airports. This strategy remains flexible, allowing individual airports to develop tailored improvements according to specific touchpoint conditions and financial capabilities. The playbook also serves as a reference for functional units—operations, commercial, and human capital—to develop strategies aligned with customer experience objectives. Additionally, the study recommends implementing partnership models to upgrade service quality at airports with lower costs while potentially opening new revenue streams.

Proposed Implementation of Lean Construction in Project Management Procedures in the Preparation of Project Work Plans (A Case Study of PT ICC TBK.)

Rifki Rahmadian Pangestu — 2026-01-15

This study proposes the integration of Lean Construction principles into the Project Work Plan (RKP) procedure of PT ICC (Persero) Tbk to enhance project efficiency and minimize waste. Despite having a comprehensive project management framework based on PMBOK, inefficiencies persist in PT ICC’s operations due to reactive, administratively driven planning practices. Using a mixed-method approach—combining process mapping, in-depth interviews, expert judgment, and quantitative analysis through the Relative Importance Index (RII) and Spearman correlation—this research identifies key sources of waste, including waiting, overproduction, inventory, and underutilized talent. The study develops a revised RKP framework that integrates Lean tools such as the Last Planner System (LPS), Pull Planning, and Just-in-Time (JIT) procurement synchronization. Findings indicate that the implementation of Lean Construction can potentially improve time efficiency by up to 20% and reduce material waste by over 10%, while enhancing collaboration and workflow predictability. However, successful adoption requires cultural transformation supported by strong leadership commitment, practical training, and sustained change management efforts.

Interpersonal Communication and Long-Distance Relationships: A Narrative Study on Students Participating in Community Service in Ciledug Kulon Village

Desy Permatasari — 2026-01-15

This scientific paper discusses the emotional dynamics, communication methods, and strategies used by students who are participating in community service programs (KKN) while maintaining long-distance relationships. The study aims to understand the experiences and difficulties faced by students during KKN, especially how they manage interpersonal communication to sustain relationships despite physical distance and differing schedules. It employs a qualitative method with a narrative study approach. The researcher collected data through structured in-depth interviews with three students who were undergoing KKN and had long-distance relationships, supplemented by observations and personal documents. The results reveal that students experience various complex emotions—such as longing, sadness, anxiety, and frustration—primarily due to disrupted communication routines, heavy KKN workloads, and limited time. Their communication patterns shifted from emotional to more functional, relying on digital media such as WhatsApp for text messages and video calls. The main strategies for maintaining relationships include honesty, regular communication, conflict resolution, commitment, and mutual understanding. The study concludes that successful long-distance relationships during KKN require flexible communication skills, effective emotional management, and a willingness to accommodate one's partner's limitations. It provides additional insights into interpersonal communication in specific contexts and underscores the importance of flexibility and emotional intelligence in sustaining relationships under pressure.

The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Dietary Patterns with Blood Sugar Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Karawang Regency in 2025

Tuti Susilawati — 2026-01-13

Diabetes mellitus ranks as the third leading cause of death in Indonesia, accounting for 6.7% of all fatalities, with the country holding the seventh position globally in diabetes prevalence at 8.5%. In Asia, 16.2% of the population has type 2 diabetes mellitus, while Indonesia's prevalence reached 6.7% in 2020. The study's main objectives are to identify the most influential factors and examine the relationship between dietary patterns, physical activity, and blood sugar control. This observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted at three community health centers in Karawang Regency—Medangasem, Rengasdengklok, and Karawang—selected through random sampling and involving 111 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data were collected using validated questionnaires and analyzed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. Results demonstrated significant associations between physical activity (p < 0.001), fat intake (p = 0.004), and carbohydrate intake (p = 0.015) with blood sugar control, while protein intake, vitamin C intake, and vitamin A intake showed no significant associations. Physical activity emerged as the most dominant factor influencing blood sugar control (p < 0.001, OR = 5.636, 95% CI: 2.230–14.245). These findings underscore the critical role of physical activity and dietary management in controlling blood glucose levels among patients with type 2 diabetes. It is recommended that individuals with type 2 diabetes pay closer attention to their dietary intake to align with nutritional guidelines, maintain controlled blood glucose levels, and engage in regular physical activity of at least 30 minutes daily.

Becoming a Resilient Parent: Positive Psychology-Based Psychoeducation at the Parent Club of the Indonesian Children's Oncology Foundation

Tania Mursalim — 2026-01-20

Families of children with cancer experience significant emotional, physical, and social stressors, beginning at the diagnostic phase and continuing throughout the long-term treatment process. This condition can reduce hope, weaken perseverance, and disrupt the psychological capacity of parents in fulfilling their caregiving roles. This Community Service Program aimed to strengthen the psychological capacity of families through psychoeducation based on positive psychology, emphasizing the reinforcement of hope, resilience, and grit, as well as optimizing the role of the Parent Club (PC) of Yayasan Onkologi Anak Indonesia as a key pillar of community support for newly affected families. The program was conducted in a hybrid format and involved 87 participants, consisting of Parent Club members, parents of children currently undergoing cancer treatment, and community support facilitators. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated through pre-test and post-test measures completed by 65 participants. The results indicated a consistent increase in participants’ understanding across all measured indicators, reflected in a higher percentage of correct responses related to the concepts of resilience, hope, grit, and the meaning of parental toughness. This improvement illustrates a shift in participants’ perspectives from reactive responses toward more structured and adaptive interpretations of the caregiving process. These findings demonstrate that a psychoeducational approach incorporating reflective activities, expressive writing exercises, and participatory discussions is effective in enhancing parents’ psychological literacy and strengthening their emotional readiness to cope with the prolonged demands of caregiving.

Analysis of The Effect of Work Environment and Human Resource Aspects on Employee Performance Quality In Building Maintenance Work

Dicky Andrianto Saputra B — 2026-01-07

The rapid development of infrastructure in Indonesia has not been matched by adequate attention to building maintenance activities. Many buildings experience deterioration before reaching their intended service life due to weak maintenance management, particularly in terms of human resources (HR). Worker performance plays a crucial role in maintenance success and is influenced by various factors, including discipline, motivation, work environment, training, ability, and tools. This study aims to analyze the influence of HR aspects and the work environment on worker performance quality in building maintenance projects at PT. XYZ, as well as to evaluate the importance and performance levels of each indicator using a combined method. A quantitative approach was applied using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) via SmartPLS 3.0 software. Additionally, Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was employed to identify improvement priorities. The results indicate that among the six variables, only discipline has a positive and significant impact on Worker Performance (path coefficient = 0.243; T = 2.026; P = 0.043). Other variables, including the Work Environment, were not statistically significant. Mediation analysis revealed an indirect effect of the Work Environment on Discipline and Motivation (coefficient = 0.281; T = 1.921; P = 0.055). Discipline is the most dominant factor in improving performance, while enhancing training and work environment remains essential as a long-term managerial strategy. IPA identified training-related indicators and supervisor motivation support as top priorities for improvement.

The Role of Spiritual Intelligence in the Religious Life of Catholic Nuns: A Religious Psychology Perspective

Theodosia Yosephina Palma — 2026-01-04

This paper examines the role of spiritual intelligence in sustaining the religious life of Catholic nuns from the perspective of religious psychology. Monastic life demands psychological fortitude, spiritual commitment, and adaptive ability in community dynamics and pastoral ministry. However, previous studies have tended to highlight resilience, religious experience, or emotional intelligence, while the contribution of spiritual intelligence has rarely been explored empirically. Source searches were conducted on the Scopus, Google Scholar, and Garuda databases with the keywords spiritual intelligence, religious life, Catholic nuns, and psychological resilience. Out of the initial 50 documents, 17 articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria and analyzed using the thematic approach of Braun and Clarke (2006). The synthesis of literature produces four main themes. First, spiritual intelligence becomes a source of meaning in life through the appreciation of religious vows, the practice of spiritual reflection, and pastoral service. Second, spiritual intelligence aids emotional–spiritual integration in the community by emphasizing prayer, reflection, and forgiveness to manage interpersonal conflicts. Third, spiritual intelligence encourages pastoral ministry as a form of personal relationship with God, not just an institutional obligation. Fourth, spiritual intelligence strengthens psychological resilience through the process of meaning-making and transcendence of self that allows nuns to transcend the ego and discover the depth of meaning of life. This study affirms spiritual intelligence as an important determinant of the quality of religious life and provides practical implications for Catholic nuns' formation programs that integrate spiritual and psychological formation.

Effect of Garlic Extract on Cholesterol and Glucose in High-Fat Diet STZ Induced Rats

Veronica Veronica — 2026-01-12

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and is linked to an increased risk of hypercholesterolemia. Garlic (Allium sativum Linn), which contains bioactive compounds such as saponins and flavonoids, has potential for managing these conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of garlic extract on two parameters: blood cholesterol levels in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet and blood glucose levels in rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ). A laboratory experimental post-test-only control group design was used. For cholesterol assessment, hypercholesterolemic rats were treated with garlic extract at doses of 0.05, 0.10, or 0.20 g/head/day, alongside negative and positive control groups. For glucose assessment, STZ-induced diabetic rats received garlic extract at 100, 250, or 500 mg/kgBW/day, with corresponding control groups. Garlic extract significantly reduced mean cholesterol levels in a dose-dependent manner (130.60 mg/dL, 121.80 mg/dL, and 112.00 mg/dL for 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 g/head/day, respectively). In contrast, mean blood glucose levels showed a marginal decrease with higher doses (282.80 mg/dL, 271.20 mg/dL, and 269.27 mg/dL for 100, 250, and 500 mg/kgBW/day), but no statistically significant differences were observed among groups (P = 0.706, one-way ANOVA). These findings suggest that garlic extract exhibits a significant cholesterol-lowering effect in hypercholesterolemic rats but does not markedly reduce blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats at the tested dosages.

Analysis of Factors Related to the Incidence of Hypertension in Karawang Regency

Nizar Azmi — 2026-01-13

Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which is a leading cause of mortality and is often referred to as the silent killer. Based on the results of screening for risk factors of priority NCDs in Kabupaten Karawang (Posbindu PTM and Puskesmas), the incidence of hypertension ranks first among five other diseases: diabetes mellitus, asthma, COPD, heart disease, and obesity. Therefore, the purpose of this study—to analyze factors related to the incidence of hypertension in the Kabupaten Karawang area—is outlined in Analysis of Factors Related to the Incidence of Hypertension in Karawang Regency. This research employed quantitative analysis with a cross-sectional approach. From a total population of 14,239 hypertensive patients at the Tirtajaya Health Center, Rengasdengklok Health Center, and Teluk Jambe Health Center, the Slovin formula yielded a sample of 120 hypertensive patients selected via proportional random sampling. Primary data were collected using validated and reliable instruments: the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for dietary patterns and the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire for physical activity. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate techniques using logistic regression. The most dominant and significant variables (p < 0.05) related to hypertension incidence in the Kabupaten Karawang area were physical activity, meat consumption patterns, and alcohol consumption. This study is expected to provide analytical results that inform program development, particularly for hypertension control, thereby contributing to improved public health and strategic efforts in managing hypertension in Kabupaten Karawang.

Optimizing the Role of LMKN in Managing Royalties for Songs and/or Music: A Comparative Study Between Indonesia and the United Kingdom

Setyo Nugraha — 2026-01-05

The centralization of one-stop royalty management through the Lembaga Manajemen Kolektif Nasional (LMKN) in Indonesia has triggered structural polemics, ranging from bureaucratic ineffectiveness to a crisis of trust among songwriters. Although the government has issued Regulation of the Minister of Law Number 27 of 2025 to strengthen supervision, the institutional framework that positions the state as an active operator still fails to address the root problems. This study analyzes the optimization of LMKN's role in the national music royalty ecosystem through a comparative examination of the institutional model in the United Kingdom. The research employs a normative-juridical method with statutory and comparative legal approaches, examining Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and Government Regulation Number 56 of 2021, juxtaposed with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (CDPA 1988) of the United Kingdom. The results reveal that Indonesia's state-centered model imposes a dual burden on LMKN as both regulator and operator. In contrast, the United Kingdom's market-based model proves more effective by delegating operational functions to private institutions and adjudication to the Copyright Tribunal. This study recommends transforming LMKN into an independent, quasi-judicial supervisory body akin to the Copyright Tribunal, focusing on tariff dispute resolution and transparency audits, while returning royalty collection to a regulated market mechanism.

The Influence of Geographical Conditions on the Optimization of Cost and Time in Construction Projects in Island Regions of Maluku Province (Case Study: Road Preservation Project on Liran Island)

Cindy Sangadji — 2026-01-15

The Road Preservation Project on Liran Island has faced significant implementation delays. Liran Island, categorized as one of the 3T (terdepan, tertinggal, and terluar) areas, has encountered challenges mainly due to difficult geographical conditions. These challenges include shallow sea topography and shoals that hinder navigation, strong currents and tides that limit ship movement, adverse weather conditions such as high winds and large waves, and limited resources that require material imports from outside the island. This study aims to identify and analyze the geographical factors most influencing the optimization of costs and time in the project. The research design employs simulation of optimization scenario models, comparing geographical and normal conditions (without geographical factors). Data analysis is conducted using the Transportation Method for cost optimization (material procurement) and the Critical Path Method (CPM) for time optimization (rescheduling). The results reveal that geographical conditions significantly impact mobilization costs. Among the variables analyzed—sea topography (X1), sea and water conditions (X2), weather (X3), and natural resources (X4)—weather (X3), particularly wind speed and wave height, has the greatest influence on increasing distribution costs. Furthermore, geographical conditions also affect the project schedule, particularly in material delivery planning, which requires longer loading and unloading times. Adjusting the schedule based on geographical conditions leads to cost and time efficiencies, especially in choosing the right vessel types, estimating weather, and managing tidal conditions.

Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Cryptocurrency, Stocks, and Forex as Investment Alternatives, 2021-2024

Heru Fendriansyah — 2026-01-08

The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance comparison between cryptocurrency, stocks, and forex as alternative investment assets. This research employs secondary data and a comparative method. The objects of the study consist of the top five assets with the largest market capitalization in each category (cryptocurrency, saham, and forex) for 2024, covering September 2021 to September 2024. Data are monthly closing prices, analyzed via saturated sampling for comprehensive, representative results. Performance is measured using key indicators such as return, risk, and ratios including Sharpe, Treynor, and Jensen. Results show cryptocurrency exhibits superior performance over stocks and forex, with higher returns (19.12% vs. 1.91% for stocks and 0.02% for forex) and optimal ratios: Sharpe (0.83), Treynor (0.1521), and Jensen (0.1705). These metrics highlight cryptocurrency's strong risk-adjusted returns, making it attractive for risk-tolerant investors. However, it carries the highest risk (42.98% vs. 6.42% for stocks and 1.77% for forex), underscoring the need for careful risk management due to its high volatility.

The Implementation of Class Action As a Legal Effort for Mass Poisoning Victims in the Free Nutritional Meal Program

Rheyna Wisnu Puteri — 2026-01-05

The Free Nutritious Meal (Makan Bergizi Gratis or MBG) program, launched in early 2025 to combat malnutrition in Indonesia, has been marred by mass food poisoning affecting thousands of students due to bacterial contamination. This research examines negligence within the MBG management and the application of class action mechanisms as legal protection for victims. Using a normative legal method with a statutory approach, the study analyzes the Consumer Protection Law, the Indonesian Civil Code, and Supreme Court Regulation No. 1/2002. Findings indicate that beneficiaries hold legal standing as "end consumers," establishing a clear basis for legal accountability. A class action is identified as the most proportional instrument for efficiently seeking both material and immaterial damages in mass tort cases. This study contributes to existing legal scholarship by demonstrating how class action mechanisms can address contemporary public health crises within Indonesia's consumer protection framework, particularly in government-sponsored nutrition programs where traditional individual litigation proves inefficient and economically prohibitive for vulnerable populations. Implicatively, this mechanism serves as a behavior modification tool for managers (BGN Partners) to improve food safety standards through legal deterrence. The government must immediately enact written regulations to provide a solid legal foundation for the implementation of the MBG program. Strengthening this regulatory framework is crucial to ensuring legal certainty, clarifying management accountability mechanisms, and guaranteeing policy transparency.

Analysis of Power Losses and Voltage Drop in the Parungpanjang–Cilejit LAA Traction Substation for KRL Service Optimization

Mardito Adenovit Kusnanda Putra — 2026-01-13

The increase in the frequency of electric rail train trips on the Tanah Abang–Rangkasbitung line, especially on the Parungpanjang–Cilejit road section, requires the Upper Flow Electricity system to operate at a higher capacity to maintain the continuity of traction electricity supply. This study aims to analyze the existing conditions of the Upper Flow Electricity system, identify the technical factors that affect power loss and voltage drops, and evaluate several alternative solutions that can be applied to improve the reliability of power distribution. It used quantitative approach based on manual calculations using technical parameters such as the length of the trajectory between substations, conductor resistance, load current, and nominal voltage. Two alternative solutions were analyzed, namely the insertion of traction substations at strategic points to shorten the supply distance, as well as improving the technical specifications of the upstream power grid through the replacement of conductor size and configuration and increasing substation capacity. The calculation results show that, in the existing condition on the 8-minute headway, the voltage drop reached 239.256 V (14.77%) and the power loss was 268.813 kW. The alternative application of substation insertion lowered the voltage drop to 103.243 V (6.37%) and the power loss to 111.323 kW, while the alternative of increasing technical specifications resulted in a voltage drop of 140.958 V (8.7%) and a power loss of 134.406 kW. Both alternatives show significant potential in reducing power loss and keeping voltage within safe limits, so they can serve as problem-solving steps on this line.

A Comparative Study of Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithms for Microservices in Heterogeneous Multi-Cloud Environments

Domma Uli Sitinjak — 2026-01-04

Microservices-based application architectures in cloud environments require load balancing mechanisms that can adapt to differences in server capacity and workload fluctuations. This study aims to evaluate the performance of dynamic load balancing algorithms—Least Connection, Weighted Least Connection, and Least Response Time—in heterogeneous server environments using Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). The evaluation was conducted through staged testing by observing application performance based on p95 latency, throughput, error rate, and load distribution patterns. The results indicate that no single algorithm consistently outperforms the others across all scenarios and platforms. Weighted Least Connection tends to produce a more proportional load distribution according to server capacity, while Least Connection and Least Response Time are more influenced by the number of active connections and initial response time. Overall, both AWS and GCP are able to maintain application performance stability across all load levels. These findings confirm that the effectiveness of dynamic load balancing algorithms in heterogeneous cloud environments is influenced by workload characteristics and server capacity, indicating that algorithm selection should be tailored to the specific system objectives.

Optimization of Water Injection Pump (WIP) Maintenance at PT. Z

Arlan Rachman — 2026-01-08

In the competitive oil and gas industry, equipment reliability and operational efficiency are critical success factors. The availability of effective spare parts presents a significant challenge that must be addressed to prevent downtime and financial losses. The current problem involves a loss of approximately 100 barrels of oil per day (bopd) due to the failure of one water injection pump (WIP) unit. Therefore, an optimal WIP spare parts planning method is required to maintain operational reliability. This study addresses this issue by determining the reliability condition of WIP units, optimizing maintenance schedules, and selecting appropriate failure data distribution tests using time-to-failure (TTF) analysis. Maintenance optimization for WIP at PT. Z was conducted using Monte Carlo simulation with distribution selection methods, specifically the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The simulation results revealed that WIP A is in the wear-out phase, whereas WIP B, C, D, and E are in the useful-life phase (WIP D and E with extended operational periods). Based on Monte Carlo simulation results for five WIP types operated over 15 years, optimal maintenance intervals were determined: day 1691 for WIP A, day 1729 for WIP B, day 2160 for WIP C, day 3629 for WIP D, and day 3629 for WIP E from initial operation. Implementing planned maintenance has the potential to significantly reduce costs associated with each WIP unit failure. These research findings can be applied to other equipment to achieve potential cost savings from unplanned maintenance.

The Differences Of Cerebral, Abdominal, And Renal Oxygenation In Neonates With Hypothermia And Post-Rewarming Using Nirs At Dr. Soetomo Hospital

Dwi Lestari Avianti — 2026-01-16

Background: Hypothermia significantly affects survival in neonates, as their thermoregulation is less effective than in older children and adults. Hypothermia can worsen metabolic processes, leading to hypoglycemia, hypoxia, and metabolic acidosis. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is useful for assessing regional tissue oxygenation (RSO2), providing insights into the oxygen supply and demand balance in vulnerable organs. Objective: This study aims to demonstrate differences in cerebral, abdominal, and renal tissue oxygenation in neonates under hypothermia and after rewarming using NIRS. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to January 2020 at the NICU of Dr. Soetomo Surabaya Hospital. Neonates were divided into hypothermia, rewarming, and normothermic groups. NIRS assessments were performed during hypothermia and post-rewarming. Statistical analyses were conducted using paired t-tests or Wilcoxon tests for the hypothermia group, and independent t-tests or Mann-Whitney tests for comparisons between hypothermia and normothermic groups, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: A total of 106 neonates met the criteria: 51 in the hypothermia and rewarming group and 55 in the normothermic group. The average birth weight was 2261.96 ± 832.26 grams for the hypothermia group and 2009.09 ± 676.87 grams for the normothermic group. Significant differences were noted in heart rates and renal tissue oxygenation (RrSO2) between conditions, with p-values of 0.014 and 0.023, respectively. Conclusion: This study found significant differences in renal tissue oxygenation between hypothermic conditions and post-rewarming.

The Effect of Audiolyfe Stimulation on Cognitive Development (Intelligence, Memory, and Learning Motivation in Children) in Banda Aceh

Fathiyah Ma'ani — 2026-01-07

Cognitive development is a crucial aspect of a child's growth, encompassing thinking skills, memory, and learning motivation. This study aims to analyze the impact of Audiolyfe stimulation on the cognitive development of children aged 0–12 years in Banda Aceh, focusing on enhancing intelligence, memory, and learning motivation. A quasi-experimental method was employed with 20 children as participants. Data were collected through observation and questionnaires and analyzed descriptively. The results revealed that Audiolyfe significantly influenced children's cognitive development. Children who received this stimulation demonstrated increased intelligence, improved memory, and higher learning motivation compared to the control group. The effectiveness of Audiolyfe is attributed to the impact of sound waves on neurological activity in the auditory cortex and memory areas of the brain. Additionally, Banda Aceh's local culture—such as the tradition of listening to stories and traditional music—reinforced children's positive responses to this stimulation. This study concludes that Audiolyfe is an innovative and effective approach to supporting children's cognitive development. It is recommended that Audiolyfe be integrated into formal and informal education programs in Banda Aceh to optimally improve children's learning quality.

The Effect of the Proportion of Women on the Board of Commissioners, Board of Directors, and Audit Committee on Earnings Management

Ni Made Pradnya Indira Swari — 2026-01-13

Earnings management remains a relevant research issue due to the separation of ownership and control, which creates agency conflicts. Earnings management can be reduced by implementing effective corporate governance. One of its aspects is governance structure, which includes the board of commissioners, board of directors, and audit committee. This study aims to examine the effect of the proportion of women on the board of commissioners, board of directors, and audit committee on earnings management. The sample includes 363 non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with an observation period from 2016 to 2023; these were selected using purposive sampling and analyzed through panel data regression. This study shows that the proportion of women on the board of directors and audit committee has a negative effect on earnings management, while the proportion of women on the board of commissioners does not affect earnings management. The presence of women comprising at least 35% on the combined board of directors and audit committee negatively affects earnings management. However, this study does not find any significant effect of the presence of women comprising at least 35% in a single position or in combined positions on earnings management. These findings provide practical implications for company management to enhance women's representation, especially on the board of directors and audit committee, thereby reducing the likelihood of earnings management.

The Effect of Product Quality and Brand Image on Marjan Syrup Purchase Decisions in the South Jakarta Area

Shaffa Najma Auliya — 2026-01-13

This study investigates the influence of product quality and brand image on purchasing decisions for Marjan syrup in the South Jakarta area. The research was conducted against the backdrop of a consistent decline in syrup consumption and sales performance throughout early 2024, indicating the need for companies to optimize key marketing variables that shape consumer behavior. Using a quantitative approach, the study employed a survey method with 150 respondents selected through purposive sampling, representing consumers who had purchased Marjan syrup in the designated region. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS 27. The findings reveal that product quality has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, demonstrating that consumers prioritize functional performance, durability, and overall value when choosing syrup products. Similarly, brand image also shows a significant positive influence, indicating that a strong, trustworthy, and emotionally resonant brand perception can strengthen consumer preference and drive purchase intention. Together, both variables contributed a substantial 91.3% of the variance in purchasing decisions, confirming their strategic importance in shaping market behavior. These results highlight the necessity for companies to maintain superior product quality while consistently strengthening brand positioning to remain competitive amid shifting consumer preferences. The study underscores the relevance of integrating marketing strategy with consumer behavior insights to sustain growth and optimize sales performance in the beverage industry.

Investigating Factors Influencing Social Media Performance MSMEs in JABODETABEK

Gita Megantari Novianda — 2026-01-07

The trend of digital environmental change encourages MSMEs in Jabodetabek to utilize social media as their main marketing channel. However, not all MSMEs can optimize social media performance effectively. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing social media performance in MSMEs, focusing on the influence of environmental forces, absorptive capacity, and social media marketing capabilities in creating content (posting capability) and interacting on social media (interaction capability). This research uses a quantitative approach grounded in Resource-Based Theory (RBT) and involves respondents who are MSME owners in the Jabodetabek area. The novelty of this research lies in integrating environmental forces, absorptive capacity, and the two dimensions of social media capability—posting and interaction—into a single conceptual model. This integration provides a more comprehensive understanding of how external pressures and internal knowledge absorption work together to shape social media performance. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that environmental forces have a positive and significant influence on MSMEs’ absorptive capacity, which in turn strengthens their posting and interaction capabilities, ultimately enhancing social media performance. Theoretically, this study advances RBT by linking external factors with resource-based capabilities. Practically, it highlights the importance for MSMEs to develop strong absorptive capacity so they can transform environmental changes into effective content strategies and meaningful audience interactions, leading to improved social media performance.

Review of The Effectiveness of Oral B12 Supplementation with Oral Mecobalamin In Diabetic Neuropathy Patients

Laxmita Permata Winardi — 2026-01-12

Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that significantly affects patients' quality of life. Vitamin B12 supplementation has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach, yet the effectiveness of oral vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) compared to its active form (mecobalamin) remains debated. This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of oral vitamin B12 and oral mecobalamin supplementation in managing diabetic neuropathy. A systematic literature review approach was employed, analyzing studies published between 2017 and 2025. Data were sourced from PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane using specific keywords. Articles were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, focusing on clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses comparing cyanocobalamin and mecobalamin. Qualitative content analysis was conducted, emphasizing clinical outcomes, symptom scores, B12 levels, and nerve conduction parameters. Findings reveal that mecobalamin is more effective than cyanocobalamin in reducing neuropathic symptoms. Long-term metformin use is significantly associated with decreased vitamin B12 levels, increasing the risk of peripheral neuropathy. Mecobalamin shows greater clinical effectiveness in the management of diabetic neuropathy than standard oral vitamin B12. Routine B12 level monitoring is highly recommended in diabetic patients on metformin therapy to prevent neurological complications.

Assessment of the Business Prospects of Bankrupt Debtors in the Implementation of the Going Concern Principle: A Legal Review Under Indonesia’s Bankruptcy Regime

Albert Hasea Samuel Sihombing — 2026-01-05

This research examines the assessment of business prospects of bankrupt debtors in implementing the going concern principle under Indonesian Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payments (KPKPU). A significant gap exists between the normative objectives of going concern and its practical application in Indonesia's commercial court system. Indonesian bankruptcy regulations lack detailed technical mechanisms for prospectivity assessment, leading to ad hoc and subjective decision-making. Despite recognizing going concern as fundamental, success rates reach only 30-40% of filed cases, signaling systematic failures. This study uses a juridical-empirical approach with prescriptive-analytical methods, blending normative legal analysis and empirical data from curators, supervisory judges, and creditors. Comparative analysis with bankruptcy regimes in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and France identifies five key parameters: (1) liquidity and cash flow adequacy, (2) asset quality and marketability, (3) revenue generation capacity and market positioning, (4) management capability and turnaround experience, and (5) independent auditor opinion on going concern status. The research recommends a hybrid model integrating England's Company Voluntary Arrangement (CVA) (flexible, cost-effective), France's short observation periods (4-6 months with automatic stay), and simple litmus test-based assessment suited to Indonesian court capacity and MSME-dominated economy. This addresses unique challenges while ensuring creditor protection and efficiency. The framework boosts business rescue effectiveness and supports evidence-based bankruptcy reforms, especially amid Law 37/2004 revisions in the 2026 National Legislative Program (Prolegnas).

Reducing the Procurement Lead Time for Agreed Stock Item in Procurement Division of PT Alami Mandala Indonesia

Ganes Agni Wibisono — 2026-01-07

This study investigates the persistent delays in procurement lead time for Agreed Stock Items (AGSI) within the Procurement Division of PT Alami Mandala Indonesia (AMI). AGSI refers to repeat-order materials that are already agreed upon in specification and usage, and therefore, ideally should be processed swiftly. However, data revealed that the actual PR to PO lead time consistently exceeds the company's OKR target of 14 days, creating operational inefficiencies, potential equipment downtime, and financial losses. This issue is especially critical in the context of AMI's mining operations, which are highly dependent on timely and uninterrupted supply of materials to sustain production activities. A mixed-methods research approach was adopted, combining qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews with procurement personnel and quantitative analysis of historical procurement data from SAP ERP systems spanning 2023–2024. Through this approach, the study identified key bottlenecks including repetitive manual bidding processes for the same items, incomplete or unclear material specifications, limited supplier pools, and logistical difficulties stemming from the company's remote mining sites. These issues were further structured and analyzed using a Fishbone Diagram and Current Reality Tree (CRT) to identify root causes and systemic weaknesses. To address these challenges, a set of alternative solutions was developed and evaluated using a weighted scoring method based on four criteria: potential for lead time reduction, implementation effort, cost implications, and impact on material availability. Among these, the implementation of Long Term Agreements (LTAs) with key suppliers was identified as the most feasible and impactful solution.

Collective Role of Village Youth in Early Childhood Football Development in Darupono Village, Kendal Regency

Bima Anandayona — 2026-01-08

This study aims to describe the collective role of village youth in early childhood football development in Darupono Village, Kendal Regency (Peran Kolektif Pemuda Desa dalam Pengembangan Sepak Bola Anak Usia Dini di Desa Darupono, Kabupaten Kendal). Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this research is carried out in Desa Darupono, Kecamatan Kaliwungu Selatan, Kabupaten Kendal, with data collection techniques in the form of observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that early childhood football coaching in Desa Darupono not only focuses on the technical aspects of sports but also functions as a means of character education and strengthening community social capital. Village youth play a key role in organizing training activities, mobilizing community participation, and instilling the values of discipline, responsibility, cooperation, and sportsmanship in children. This activity also has significant social and economic impacts, strengthens community social cohesion, and preserves the culture of mutual cooperation. The main supporting factors for coaching include youth collective spirit, family support, and community participation, while the obstacles faced are limited facilities, lack of funds, and a shortage of licensed trainers. Overall, this study confirms that early childhood football coaching in Desa Darupono is a community-based development practice oriented toward character formation and social empowerment at the rural level.

The Influence of Digital Transformation on the Performance of Mayapada Hospital Bandung Through Innovation as a Mediator

Ryan Adinta Asrul — 2026-01-13

This study aimed to analyze the impact of digital transformation technology on hospital performance in Bandung City. In the current digital era, the healthcare sector is undergoing significant changes through the integration of information and communication technology (ICT). Hospitals are increasingly adopting digital technologies to improve operational efficiency and enhance healthcare service quality. This research employed a quantitative approach, surveying 50 hospitals in Bandung. Data were collected through questionnaires designed to measure technology adoption levels, operational efficiency, and patient satisfaction. The analysis results revealed a significant positive relationship between technology adoption levels and improvements in hospital performance. Specifically, higher levels of technology adoption were associated with enhanced service efficiency, reduced patient waiting times, and increased patient satisfaction. Hospitals that effectively implemented digital solutions streamlined operations, improved care quality, and met growing patient expectations for convenience and satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of digital transformation for hospital management in Bandung and offer valuable insights into how healthcare institutions can leverage technology to enhance operations. Hospital managers can use these insights to plan and implement effective digital strategies, ultimately improving the overall quality and efficiency of healthcare services provided to the community.

Criticize the Policy of Addressing Overcapacity in Correctional Institutions as Part of the Crime Prevention Policy

Ainun Aulia Haq — 2026-01-19

The correctional system constitutes an important part of the criminal justice system in Indonesia. The Correctional Institution System is an institution within the criminal justice subsystem that serves as a rehabilitation center for inmates and juvenile offenders in Indonesia. This research aims to critically analyze current policies addressing prison overcapacity and to propose an integrated crime prevention strategy as a fundamental solution, thereby shifting from a retributive to a restorative and rehabilitative paradigm. This study employs a qualitative research method with a normative legal approach, presented descriptively. The normative legal approach entails legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary data as the basis for analysis through a search of regulations and literature related to the issues under study. The results indicate that addressing overcrowding in prisons cannot rely solely on physical construction or the granting of remissions; rather, it requires a systemic transformation of perspectives, policies, and the national criminal legal system to render it more fair, integrative, and humane. Finally, addressing overcrowding is not solely the responsibility of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights but a cross-sectoral national agenda. All ministries and agencies must align their vision to recognize that criminal justice serves not merely as a tool for state retribution but to foster sustainable social order and justice. Therefore, a progressive, participatory, and systemic legal approach is necessary to prevent the overcrowding crisis from perpetuating a cycle of failed policies.

Analysis of Psychological Contract, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment In Improving Employee Performance at Pegadaian UPC Perum Bumi Dalung

Ni Nyoman Wulan Antari — 2026-01-07

This study aims to analyze the influence of psychological contracts, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment on employee performance at Pegadaian UPC Perum Bumi Dalung. The research background is based on the importance of human resource management in enhancing organizational effectiveness, particularly through fulfilling employee expectations, creating job satisfaction, and strengthening commitment to the organization. A quantitative approach is employed, involving 78 respondents as the sample. Data were collected through questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability and then analyzed using multiple linear regression. The research findings indicate that the three independent variables—psychological contract, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment—have a positive and significant impact on employee performance. A fulfilled psychological contract enhances employee motivation and contributions, high job satisfaction boosts productivity and loyalty, and strong organizational commitment strengthens individual dedication and performance. These findings confirm that psychological and social aspects in work relationships play a crucial role in improving employee performance. This research contributes practically to Pegadaian's management in formulating more effective human resource management strategies and academically enriches the literature on factors influencing employee performance. Thus, maintaining psychological contracts, enhancing job satisfaction, and strengthening organizational commitment become crucial keys to driving organizational success.

Anti-Aging in the Perspective of Islamic Law

Asep Ramdan Hidayat — 2026-01-13

fiqh muʿāmalah and maqāṣid al-sharīʿah. The rapid growth of the anti-aging industry raises critical questions about the halal status of products and their ethical use among Muslims, particularly in Indonesia's expanding beauty and wellness sector. This research analyzes permissible limits of body care (tazyīn) versus altering Allah's creation (taghyīr khalq Allāh), emphasizing intention, context, and benefits. Using a qualitative normative juridical approach, it examines primary Islamic sources (Qur'an, Hadith), fiqh literature, and fatwas. Findings show anti-aging treatments are permissible if free of haram elements, harmless, and sharia-compliant. Specifically: (1) skincare and non-invasive treatments are mubāḥ with halal ingredients; (2) Botox and fillers are allowed for medical or reasonable aesthetic needs without deception; (3) reconstructive surgery is mubāḥ or wājib for trauma, but purely cosmetic is ḥarām or makrūh; (4) stem cell technology is permissible if ethically sourced and therapeutic, but prohibited for embryonic manipulation. The maqāṣid al-sharīʿah framework evaluates practices for preserving health (ḥifẓ al-nafs), dignity (ḥifẓ al-ʿirḍ), and wealth (ḥifẓ al-māl) without greater harm (mafsadat).

Nursing Intervention for Incidence Phlebitis Prevention in Adult Patient: A Systematic Review

Albertina Dete Tabik — 2026-01-13

Phlebitis refers to the inflammation or irritation of the vein wall, often caused by mechanical, chemical, or bacterial factors. Mechanical phlebitis is related to the action of the peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC), chemical phlebitis arises from infusates or medications, and bacterial phlebitis is due to contamination at the insertion site or in the intravenous solution or tubing. Catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CABSI) can significantly increase healthcare costs, with treatment costs ranging from $3,000 to $56,000 per episode and prolonged hospital stays averaging 7 to 14 days (Marsh et al., 2024). This study, titled Nursing Intervention for Incidence Phlebitis Prevention in Adult Patient: A Systematic Review, aims to identify effective interventions that can be adopted by healthcare facilities, particularly in wards, to prevent phlebitis. This article analyzes data from six databases: Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, focusing on articles published between 2019 and 2025. A total of 10 articles with randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs, scoring above 70% on the JBI assessment, were selected. The results indicate that moist heat therapy significantly improved vein visibility and palpability, reduced pain during cannulation, and increased first-attempt success to 93.3%. Clinically indicated catheter removal was found to be as effective as routine 96-hour replacement for preventing phlebitis.

Geopolitical Dynamics and the Potential of World War 3: Contemporart Analysis

Anita Zahra Choirum Nisa — 2026-01-16

The study examines the complex geopolitical dynamics that could lead to the potential outbreak of a Third World War. In the contemporary global landscape, characterized by shifts in power structures and emerging alliances, the study identifies key factors contributing to geopolitical tensions, including territorial disputes, resource scarcity, and the rise of nationalism. A qualitative approach, which involves a case study of current geopolitical conflicts, is used, focusing on important areas such as Eastern Europe, the South China Sea, the Middle East, and the recent tensions between the United States and Iran, as well as the Cambodia-Thailand border conflict. The analysis reveals that while diplomatic efforts and international organizations play an important role in conflict resolution, underlying competition and historical grievances remain significant threats to global stability. In addition, the study highlights how the rise of nationalism and regional conflicts, combined with climate change and resource competition, exacerbate these tensions. These findings underscore the importance of proactive diplomacy and collaborative strategies to reduce the risk of large-scale conflicts. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the contemporary geopolitical landscape and offer insights into potential pathways to prevent a Third World War, emphasizing the need for comprehensive international cooperation and conflict prevention mechanisms.

Hierarchy Process Analysis as a Determination of the Optimization Strategy for UMKM Business Licensing at the DPMPTSP of Sampang Regency Based on Economic and Institutional Criteria

Alifia Azzahrah — 2026-01-08

This study aims to determine the application of institutional economics concepts—particularly transaction costs, principal-agent relationships that may lead to moral hazards, and information asymmetry—in the UMKM business licensing process at the DPMPTSP of Sampang Regency, as well as to identify the results of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (Analytic Hierarchy Process or AHP) for prioritizing strategies to optimize UMKM business licensing at the DPMPTSP of Sampang Regency. This study employs a descriptive method with a case study design and a qualitative approach. Primary data were obtained from interviews and questionnaires distributed to informants selected via purposive sampling techniques. Internal obstacles to issuing the NIB through OSS RBA include server disruptions on the website and limited internet access. External obstacles involve bribery practices and business actors' limited understanding of digital technology. The study results indicate that micro- and small-scale business actors still incur transaction costs, such as indirect and opportunity costs; opportunistic behaviors and external moral hazards arise from bribery, procedural inconsistencies, and limited access to licensing urgency and regulations. AHP results identify priority strategies for optimizing business licensing: improving officer performance and business actors' understanding, as well as proactive initiative ("picking up the ball").

Investment Manager's Ability and Characteristics of Mutual Funds as Determinants of Sharia Stock Mutual Fund Performance in Indonesia

Halim Pandu Latifah — 2026-01-08

As a country with the largest Muslim-majority population worldwide, Indonesia is the most promising market for Islamic-based products. This study examines the effects of fund manager skills and fund characteristics on Islamic mutual fund performance in Indonesia. Quantitative analysis tested stock selection skill, market timing ability, expense ratio, fund age, and fund size using multiple linear regression on panel data (2018–2022) from 13 purposively sampled funds (65 observations), analyzed with EViews 12. Data sourced from fund reports, Bank Indonesia (BI), and OJK. The Treynor-Mazuy model measured manager abilities; Sharpe ratio assessed performance. Results show stock selection skill (coeff. = 1.198, p = 0.0005) and expense ratio (coeff. = 4.618, p = 0.0905) significantly positively affect performance, with stock selection having the strongest impact. Market timing (p = 0.6861), fund age (p = 0.2336), and size (p = 0.4920) are insignificant. Adjusted R-squared (0.178621) explains 17.8% of variation. Findings urge prioritizing stock selection and research over market timing or size expansion.

Modeling Community Participation Transformation In Educational Service Implementation In The Ha-Anim Ecological Region, Asmat Regency, South Papua Province

Yohannes Rahail — 2026-01-07

The provision of educational services in the Ha-Anim ecological region in Asmat Regency South Papua Province, faces various complex challenges, including limited resources, difficult geographical conditions and low community participation in supporting educational services. So far, community participation has tended to be passive and symbolic, thus failing to make a real contribution to improving the quality and sustainability of education. Based on these conditions, this study aims to examine a relevant community participation transformation model to strengthen the governance of education services based on local wisdom, inclusiveness and sustainability. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with purposive sampling techniques to determine informants from two districts in Asmat Regency, namely Agats District (urban area) and Ayam District (rural area). The informants consisted of local stakeholders representing the 3-Tungku elements (traditional leaders, religious leaders and village government) and the 2-Peran elements (female leaders and youth leaders). Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD), while data analysis consisted of three main stages, namely: (1) identification of primary and secondary data, (2) categorization of data according to research themes, and (3) interpretation and analysis of results based on qualitative research principles. The results of the study show that the transformation of community participation in Asmat needs to be directed towards a paradigm shift from formal participation to substantive participation. Revitalizing school committees is a key strategy through the integration of local social elements, namely traditional leaders, religious leaders, women and youth as representatives of the community.

Internal Control System Effectiveness: The Impact of Human Resource Competence and Budget Target Clarity

Amaliah Kesuma — 2026-01-07

This study focusses on the impact of human resource (HR) competency and budget target clarity on the efficacy of the internal control system (ICS). The background of this research is derived from findings correlated to incapacities in the ICS in the Audit Result Report of Palembang City issued by the Supreme Audit Institution of Indonesia (BPK). This study applies a quantitative approach with primary data as the data source. The hypothesis testing tool used is Statistical Product and Service Solutions version 29 application. The data analyze applies multiple linear regression method. The sample collection method in this research is purposive sampling. The outcomes present that HR competence and budget target clarity have a significant and positive impact on the effectiveness of the ICS. This research gives important inferences for local governments in strengthening the internal control system as a whole, both in terms of structure, procedures, and internal monitoring mechanisms that are able to detect and prevent potential deviations.

Legal Analysis of Cash Scams on Paylater Limits as a Preliminary Mode of Criminal Activity

Muhammad Nur Al Fatir — 2026-01-05

Advancements in financial technology have simplified transactions through Paylater services, yet they have also created opportunities for misuse, such as the practice of gesek tunai (gestun), which is carried out through fictitious transactions on e-commerce platforms. The purpose of this study is to examine the legal construction of the “unlawful act” element based on criminal law theory and to determine whether gestun practices in Paylater limits can be categorized as an initial modus operandi of criminal offenses. This research employs primary legal sources, including the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP), the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law), the Anti–Money Laundering Law (Law No. 8 of 2010), OJK Regulation No. 10/POJK.05/2022, Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 11/11/PBI/2009, and relevant court decisions, using a normative juridical methodology through statutory and case approaches. The findings indicate that gestun in Paylater services meets the criteria of an initial modus operandi of criminal conduct because it involves transaction manipulation that may constitute fraud (Article 378 of the KUHP), embezzlement (Article 372 of the KUHP), money laundering (Law No. 8 of 2010), and even continued offenses (Article 64 of the KUHP). According to both monist and dualist theories, this activity is legally prohibited and also violates administrative regulations issued by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia. This study underscores the importance of enhancing public digital literacy and revising criminal law provisions to specifically regulate the misuse of fintech services.

Task Matching System to Optimize High-Mix Low-Volume Manufacturing using Design Thinking Methodology

Dimika Adhiwane — 2026-01-08

High mix-low volume (HM-LV) manufacturing environments face significant inefficiencies due to low repetition, high product variation, and complex labor allocation challenges. This study develops a Task Matching System to Optimize High-Mix Low-Volume Manufacturing using Design Thinking Methodology to address these issues at Startiara (pseudonym), an Indonesian commercial display manufacturer. By creating a human-centered, iterative solution, the system optimizes task assignments, enhances production speed, maintains product quality, and improves worker satisfaction. Drawing on theories like Adam Smith's division of labor, Wright's learning curve, and the theory of identical elements, the system sequences similar tasks to maximize efficiency and reduce cognitive switching. A mixed-methods approach incorporated historical production data, Likert-scale surveys, and two rounds of iterative testing. The system was implemented on seven product types with four experienced workers over six days. Results show an average productivity increase of 35–50%: Product A by 43% (13.08 to 18.74 pcs/hr), Product B by 35% (19.03 to 25.65 pcs/hr), and Product C by 50% (3.15 to 4.72 pcs/hr). Reject rates remained stable (e.g., Product A at 3.10%, Product C at 1.82%). Worker satisfaction improved markedly: task flow clarity from 3.2 to 4.5, perceived competence from 3.5 to 4.6, and task comfort from 3.1 to 4.4 (5-point Likert scale). Key sustainability factors include dynamic priority logic, task repetition thresholds, time buffers, and data-driven refinement. This framework offers SMEs in HM-LV contexts a practical tool to overcome operational inefficiencies.

(SLR) Systematic Literature Review: Conflict Management: Turning Challenges into Opportunities in Islamic Education

Zulfiqar Ahsani Darojat — 2026-01-08

Conflict is an inevitable phenomenon in every organization, including Islamic Religious Education institutions. Conflict is often perceived as a threat, but if managed properly, it can become a source of innovation and organizational progress. This study aims to explore conflict management theories, strategies, and practices within IRE environments, focusing on transforming challenges into opportunities. It employs the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to examine the theory, strategies, and practices of conflict management in the Islamic Religious Education environment, with a focus on turning conflict challenges into opportunities. The results show that conflict management approaches based on dialogue, mediation, deliberation, and Islamic values such as shura, tabayyun, and ishlah deliberation are effective in creating peaceful resolutions and strengthening organizational culture. Visionary and inclusive leadership, along with an adaptive organizational culture, are key factors in transforming conflict into opportunities to strengthen the quality of education and institutional productivity. Practical implications include the importance of conflict management training for organizational leaders and members, as well as the formation of cross-functional conflict management teams. Thus, conflict management in Islamic Religious Education is not only about resolving conflicts but also about creating momentum for character development, innovation, and continuous progress.

The Effectiveness of Character Values–Based Psychodrama Techniques in Enhancing Emotional Intelligence Among Public Junior High School Students in Ternate City

Rahmifanti R. Jacub — 2026-01-22

This study emphasizes the importance of emotional management among junior high school students, particularly during adolescence—a developmental phase marked by significant emotional changes. Emotional intelligence is crucial for students’ social adaptation, communication, and academic success. To address the emotional and social challenges faced by students, this research applies psychodrama techniques as a group guidance method to help develop students’ emotional intelligence. The study employed a quantitative approach using a nonequivalent control group experimental design. The sample consisted of 16 students from SMP Negeri 1 Kota Ternate and SMP Negeri 7 Kota Ternate, selected through purposive sampling based on low levels of emotional intelligence. The participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group that received group guidance using psychodrama techniques and a control group that did not receive the intervention. Data were collected using an emotional intelligence scale with Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of 0.762. Measurements were conducted before and after the intervention, and data analysis used the N-gain score to assess changes in emotional intelligence. The results showed a significant improvement in the emotional intelligence of students in the experimental group, with an N-gain score of 0.75, indicating a high level of effectiveness. These findings demonstrate that psychodrama is an effective technique for enhancing students’ emotional intelligence, helping them better understand emotions, build empathy, and develop interpersonal skills. This study contributes valuable insights into school guidance practices and supports the use of psychodrama as an innovative method to foster students’ emotional, social, and academic development.

Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Stunting in Toddlers

Amelia Susanti — 2026-01-10

Stunting is a depiction of chronic malnutrition during the growth and development period from the beginning of life. Many factors can cause stunting in toddlers. This literature study aims to identify the factors influencing the occurrence of stunting in toddlers. A literature scoping review was conducted using three databases to search for relevant articles: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library. The stages and flow of research article selection followed the PRISMA Flowchart (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). To assess article quality, the researchers used a checklist from the Joanna Briggs Institute. The search yielded 5,571 articles matching the specified keywords; 3,569 duplicates were removed, leaving 2,002 articles selected according to the literature study's objectives. Of these, 46 articles were eligible, and 9 met the review criteria. The review identified several sub-themes on factors affecting the occurrence of stunting in toddlers: a) mother's knowledge; b) maternal education; c) economic status; d) history of birth weight (BBL); e) maternal body mass index (BMI); f) breastfeeding history. Insufficient energy and protein intake, lack of maternal knowledge, low maternal education, low family income, and maternal BMI status are relevant factors for stunting in toddlers. Efforts to prevent stunting in toddlers can include communication, information, and education; health promotion or counseling; and workshops.

Implementation of Agile Project Management for Digitalization in the Oil & Gas Industry: A Case Study of Gas Stations in Indonesian Company

Hari Prasetyo Tri Wicaksono — 2026-01-21

Agile project management has been extensively utilized in software development, but its application in IoT installation and integration projects remains relatively uncommon. This study aims to enhance the implementation of agile project management practices within the context of gas station digitalization, which faced a target completion shift three months early. This acceleration was driven by business-critical factors, including compliance with government regulations, subsidy reimbursements, and operational efficiency improvements. Using a case study and the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM), the research focuses on an oil and gas company undertaking gas station digitalization to comply with regulatory requirements. The project was managed using agile principles and the Scrumban framework. By adopting agile project management and Scrumban, the company achieved faster deployment cycles, improved real-time data accuracy and coverage, and enhanced coordination between stakeholders, leading to 50% faster integration time per station. As a contribution, the study introduces a project management model tailored for agile adoption and an application of Scrumban to large-scale IoT-based infrastructure projects, particularly in a highly regulated industry such as energy distribution. Unlike previous studies focusing on agile methods in software development, this research extends the methodology to a multi-site, hardware-integrated digital transformation, addressing both technical and operational challenges in real time to facilitate the effective execution of digital transformation initiatives within the oil and gas industry.

Analysis of Potential Factors on Contract Change Order (CCO) and Quality Performance and Design of Sicco Innovations in Road Infrastructure Projects in Tangerang

Zulkifli Faizal — 2026-01-07

This study examines the factors influencing Contract Change Orders (CCO) and their relationship with quality performance in road infrastructure projects in Tangerang Regency. Based on DBMSDA data from 2022 to 2024, there were notable changes in contract values, especially in projects exceeding 1 billion IDR. The findings reveal that policy changes, specification adjustments, and planning errors are key contributors to CCO occurrences. Using SmartPLS 4.0 and the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method, the research analyzes the interrelationships between variables and their impact on project quality performance. The results demonstrate that effective coordination and strong planning significantly improve quality outcomes, while the scope of CCO directly influences overall project results. To support better governance, the study also proposes the development of a digital application for managing CCO submissions to enhance efficiency, transparency, and monitoring within the approval process. Overall, this research provides useful insights for stakeholders in infrastructure development to optimize project implementation, minimize risks, and improve quality performance in road construction projects.

The Influence of Work-Life Balance, Transformational Leadership Style, and Work Stress on Job Satisfaction of Employees at the Ternate City KPU Secretariat

M. Arfan Ramli — 2026-01-13

This study aims to analyze the influence of work-life balance, transformational leadership style, and job stress on the job satisfaction of employees at the Secretariat of the General Elections Commission (KPU) of Ternate City. The background of this research is based on the phenomenon of imbalance between work and personal life, shifts in leadership styles that affect employee comfort, and increased job stress among employees due to workload and pressure during election stages. This research employs a quantitative approach with an associative research type. The population of the study consists of all 32 employees of the KPU Secretariat in Ternate City, and the entire population was used as the sample (saturated sampling). Data collection was conducted through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. The results show that partially, work-life balance and transformational leadership style have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, while job stress has a negative and significant effect on job satisfaction. Simultaneously, all three variables significantly influence job satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of time management, inspirational leadership, and stress management in improving employee job satisfaction, especially in public organizations with high workloads such as the KPU. This study is expected to contribute to organizational policy-making in creating a healthy, productive, and sustainable work environment.

Improving Forecast Accuracy as an Effort to Enhance Business Performance

Muhammad Firmansyah — 2026-01-15

This research investigates the role of forecasting accuracy in improving business performance. Forecasting has become a critical managerial tool in dynamic business environments where demand fluctuations and market uncertainty often challenge strategic decision-making. The main objective of this research is to empirically test whether higher forecasting accuracy contributes significantly to enhancing business performance. A quantitative approach was employed using survey data collected from firms in hospitality and the food and beverage industries. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling – Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to examine the relationships among data quality, forecasting techniques, forecasting accuracy, and business performance. The findings indicate that forecasting accuracy mediates the effect of data quality and forecasting methods on business performance. Furthermore, the study concludes that big data capabilities and structured budgeting significantly improve forecast accuracy, with big data being the most influential factor, while competitive intensity does not exert a significant direct impact. Importantly, forecast accuracy itself strongly and positively affects business performance, underscoring its role as a critical mediator between organizational capabilities and performance outcomes. The study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the mediating role of forecasting accuracy and offers practical implications for managers to design more accurate forecasting systems that support sustainable business growth.

Analysis of the Public Service Agency (BLUD) System on the Management of the Health Center Budget in the City of Cilegon

Novita Ambar Uma — 2026-01-10

The implementation of the Regional Public Service Agency Financial Management Pattern (PPK-BLUD) in community health centers aims to improve the flexibility and effectiveness of service management. However, its impact on overall managerial performance has not been widely evaluated. This study aims to analyze the Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD) system in relation to budget management at community health centers in Cilegon City and to provide evidence-based policy recommendations. This study is qualitative, using in-depth interviews with informants at nine community health centers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, exploratory questionnaires, and document reviews. Data validity was strengthened through manual triangulation of sources and methods and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. Most health centers demonstrated financial efficiency and effectiveness above 90%. However, there were no new service innovations, service quality remained in the “good” category, and human resource training averaged below 30% of the total healthcare workforce. A gap exists between actual and ideal performance in BLUD implementation. To address this, it is necessary to strengthen performance-based financial management, improve a service culture oriented toward public satisfaction, develop service innovations, and plan human resource training based on all employees' needs. BLUD implementation has shown progress in financial efficiency but has not yet been optimal in terms of new service innovations and human resource development. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) approach can serve as a strategic evaluative tool to drive managerial transformation at health centers.

Weaving the Future of Islamic Civilization 2.0: Prospects and Challenges Learning from the Rise and Decline of Islamic Civilization

Andi Darmawan Putra — 2026-01-13

This paper outlines the history of the rise of Islamic civilization—what started it and what became the factors in its decline, especially in the field of science, which was overtaken by Western civilization in the modern era. Knowing the history of how Islamic civilization developed into a successful one, reaching a golden age compared to others, and studying the factors that caused its decline can provide lessons for Muslims to envision the future of Islamic civilization today and beyond. The author examines thoughts from key Islamic figures on how they formulated scientific development based on Islam, including perspectives from Western orientalists who view Islamic civilization as an important contribution to world civilization. The method employed is a comparative qualitative approach through literature review, drawing on the scientific thinking and research of various scholars discussing Islamic civilization and its relationship to rational thought and science.

Implementation of the Mckinsey 7s Model with Employee Job Satisfaction

Fariz Aqil Zu’am — 2026-01-08

This study aims to explore the relationship between the McKinsey 7S model and employee job satisfaction at PT XYZ, focusing on the complex interactions of organizational elements that influence job satisfaction. In the context of globalization and digital disruption, job satisfaction has become a crucial indicator in human resource management, impacting employee performance, commitment, and leadership behavior. Although 64.9% of Indonesian employees report job satisfaction, approximately one-third of the workforce still experiences dissatisfaction. This study employs a quantitative approach with a sample of 200 employees and measurement instruments developed based on Spector's theory (2022) and Waterman Jr. et al. (1980). The analysis results indicate that the implementation of the McKinsey 7S model has a positive and significant relationship with employee job satisfaction (; ). Each component of the model—including strategy, structure, systems, and skills—shows a significant influence on job satisfaction, while aspects of shared values and leadership style do not exhibit significant relationships. These findings highlight the importance of alignment among organizational elements to enhance job satisfaction, as well as the need for a deeper approach to leadership development and shared values within the context of PT XYZ. The practical implications suggest that businesses should prioritize strengthening strategy formulation, organizational structure clarity, system efficiency, and skills development programs to enhance employee job satisfaction.

Influencing Factor and Challenges in Implementing Knowledge Management System in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review

Dion Lamilga Sudiono Sudiono Putra — 2026-01-12

In the current digital era, knowledge occupies a strategic position in supporting the performance and sustainability of higher education. The Knowledge Management System (KMS) implementation process plays an important role in driving innovation and increasing efficiency, although it often faces obstacles such as resistance to change and lack of resources. Related studies highlight that strong support from management, a supportive organizational culture, adequate technological infrastructure, and individual capability development are important factors in successful KMS implementation. In this study, a systematic observation of literature methodology was used to collect, assess, and synthesize findings from related publications. Through narrative analysis, this research identifies general patterns and themes regarding the influencing factors and challenges faced in implementing KMS in higher education institutions. The results of the analysis underline the importance of a comprehensive understanding of the supporting factors and existing challenges to enable higher education institutions to develop and implement effective knowledge management strategies. This aims to strengthen innovation and competitiveness of higher education during dynamic global competition. In conclusion, the adoption and implementation of targeted knowledge management strategies is considered crucial for optimizing innovative potential and improving higher education performance in the long term.

The Effect of Credit Risk on Profitability of Indonesian State-Owned Commercial Banks: The Intervening Role of Operating Efficiency

Chezia Rauly Simatupang — 2026-01-22

This research explores the influence of credit risk, specifically non-performing loans (NPL), on the profitability of Indonesian state-owned commercial banks, using operational efficiency as an intervening variable. State-owned banks in Indonesia play a significant role in supporting the national economy through credit distribution, particularly to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, rising NPL ratios present a critical challenge, impacting financial stability and profitability. The study investigates how NPLs, as a proxy for credit risk, affect profitability, with operational efficiency—measured by the operating expenses to operating income (OEOI) ratio—acting as a mediator. Using data from four state-owned banks over the period 2015–2024, the research applies path analysis and mediation tests to examine direct and indirect relationships. The findings reveal that NPL positively affects operating efficiency, which in turn negatively affects profitability (return on assets—ROA). Furthermore, operational efficiency significantly mediates the correlation between NPL and profitability. These outcomes suggest that improving operational efficiency can help diminish the negative influences of high credit risk. By integrating risk control mechanisms with operational efficiency, state-owned banks can ensure long-term profitability. This study provides practical insights for bank management in strengthening sustainable banking operations in an emerging economy.

Design of a Prototype of a Medical Check Up Information System for ASN in Karawang Regency Using the Waterfall Method

Hatim Alwan — 2026-01-09

The State Civil Apparatus (ASN) is an important element in running the wheels of government. To maintain the performance and productivity of ASN, excellent health conditions are needed through periodic medical check-ups. This research aims to design and develop a web-based MCU information system prototype to automate and integrate the entire process. The study uses the waterfall method in software development, which includes five main stages: needs analysis, system design, prototype implementation, testing, and documentation. The effectiveness of this web-based medical check-up information system is generally at a very good level, with a percentage value of 96%. The highest observation aspect is the accuracy of data conveyed between units, at 100%, followed by an easy-to-understand web display at 98.6%. The research resulted in a prototype of the Medical Check Up information system, which includes online registration features, examination schedule management, filling and storing medical data, and reporting the results of ASN examinations. This system is designed to be responsive and easy to use by health workers and civil servants. Evaluation of the prototype showed that the system can speed up work processes, reduce recording errors, and provide centralized health data. The design of the prototype of the Medical Check Up information system has been proven to increase efficiency and accuracy in implementing MCU for ASN in Karawang Regency.

The Influence of Personal Selling on Repurchase Intention Through Customer Satisfaction at Strawberry Kopo Salon

Mey Byilah Arsy Sudrajat — 2026-01-10

This study aims to analyze the effect of personal selling on repurchase intention through customer satisfaction as a mediating variable at Salon Strawberry Kopo, Bandung. The background of this research is the fluctuating number of returning customers, which is suspected to be influenced by variations in service quality and the effectiveness of personal interactions between staff and customers. This research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method, involving 130 respondents who are customers of Salon Strawberry Kopo. The analytical techniques used include multiple regression analysis and the Sobel test to examine both direct and indirect effects among variables. The results show that personal selling has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention. Moreover, personal selling also has a direct positive influence on repurchase intention, and customer satisfaction is proven to mediate the relationship between personal selling and repurchase intention. These findings indicate that effective personal selling—through friendly communication, clear information delivery, and service that meets customer needs—plays a crucial role in enhancing satisfaction and encouraging repeat visits. Therefore, improving the quality of personal interactions and maintaining consistent service standards are key strategies for strengthening customer loyalty in the beauty service industry.