Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies

The Impact of E-Wallet Usage on Student Shopping Behavior from the Perspective of Convenience and Impulsive Spending

2026-02-27T07:00:13+00:00

The rapid advancement of financial technology in Indonesia, particularly digital wallets (e-wallets), has significantly changed people’s transaction behavior, especially among university students. Easy access, fast payment processes, and attractive promotional features have made e-wallets a frequently used payment method in daily life. However, this convenience may also lead to increased impulse buying behavior, which involves purchasing goods or services spontaneously without prior planning. This study aims to analyze the impact of e-wallet usage on students’ impulse buying behavior, considering perceived ease of use and impulsive spending as mediating variables. A quantitative method was applied, involving 270 student respondents selected using purposive sampling. The research instrument was measured using a 5-point Likert scale and analyzed through descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS software. The findings show that e-wallet usage has a positive effect on perceived ease of use (β = 0.624), spending (β = 0.374), and impulse buying behavior (β = 0.183). Impulsive spending emerged as the most dominant factor (β = 0.844), while perceived ease of use showed a negative effect (β = −0.141). These results strengthen the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in the context of digital consumer behavior. Practically, the study highlights the importance of financial literacy and spending-control features to reduce excessive consumer behavior among students.

Potential and Tourism Development Strategy of Pasir Kuning Beach, Tempilang District, West Bangka Regency

2026-02-27T07:07:49+00:00

Pasir Kuning Beach in Tempilang District, West Bangka Regency has not yet attracted significant tourist interest, either from local residents or from visitors outside the region. Local residents tend to travel to other destinations outside Tempilang District, while tourists from outside the region prefer beaches located closer to the city center. In addition, the limited availability of tourism information on social media contributes to the low popularity of this tourist destination. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the tourism potential of Pasir Kuning Beach and tourism development strategies for the area. This research uses a qualitative approach, with data collected through observation and interviews with key informants. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model and were complemented by a SWOT analysis to formulate tourism development strategies. The results show that Pasir Kuning Beach possesses several tourism potentials. In terms of attractions (something to see), the beach offers unique cultural events such as the traditional Ketupat War festival and distinctive yellow sand that forms its main natural attraction. In terms of activities (something to do), tourists can utilize existing facilities such as gazebos, photo spots, and recreational areas. However, several challenges remain, including the relatively remote location from the city center, limited transportation access, and incomplete tourism facilities. Based on the SWOT analysis, development strategies include preserving the Ketupat Warcultural tradition as a tourism attraction, promoting the uniqueness of the beach’s yellow sand, improving tourism facilities and accessibility, and strengthening promotional activities, particularly through digital and social media platforms.

Interpersonal Communication and Long-Distance Relationships: A Narrative Study of Romantic Relationships Among Students Participating in Community Service Program in the Village of Ciledug Kulon

2026-03-12T03:11:14+00:00

The Community Service Program (KKN), which requires students to be physically separated from their partners, often results in relationships that are fraught with emotional challenges and communication limitations, making interpersonal communication an important element in maintaining the quality and meaning of those relationships during service. This research aims to understand the experiences and difficulties faced by students during KKN, especially how they manage interpersonal communication to sustain their relationships despite distance and differing schedules. This study uses a qualitative method with a narrative approach. The researcher collected data through in-depth interviews, observations, and structured documentation with three students who were undergoing KKN and had long-distance relationships, as well as from books and journals. The data were also supported by observations and personal files. The results show that students experience various complex feelings, such as longing, sadness, anxiety, and frustration, mainly due to changes in communication routines, heavy KKN workloads, and limited time. Their communication patterns shifted from emotional to more functional, using digital media such as WhatsApp for text messages and video calls. The main strategies for maintaining relationships are honesty, regular communication, conflict resolution, commitment, and mutual understanding. This study concludes that successful long-distance relationships during KKN require flexible communication skills, good emotional management, and a willingness to understand one's partner's limitations. It provides additional insights into interpersonal communication in specific situations and emphasizes the importance of flexibility and emotional intelligence in maintaining relationships under pressure.

Consumer Preferences for Spicy Food Sales Channels in Bogor City: Transition from Multichannel to Omnichannel Era

2026-03-05T03:59:32+00:00

This study examines consumer preferences for spicy food sales channels in Bogor City within the transition from multichannel to omnichannel marketing. The research aims to identify consumer characteristics, analyze the existing implementation of omnichannel practices, determine preference patterns across sales channels, and provide strategic recommendations for food businesses. Primary data were collected from 100 respondents selected through purposive sampling, targeting consumers aged ≥17 years who enjoy spicy food and have purchased both online and offline. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests, and conjoint analysis. The results show that consumers prefer multichannel purchasing patterns, with offline store purchases remaining the most favored channel, supported by preferences for direct interaction and cash payments. Price and promotion emerged as the most influential attributes, with exclusive pricing on social commerce being the most preferred option. Consumers also prioritize product availability on online platforms and favor delivery services over click-and-collect features, indicating that full omnichannel integration is not yet essential. The findings reveal that spicy food businesses in Bogor mostly operate under multichannel systems, aligning with consumer tendencies that value independent channel advantages rather than fully integrated experiences. This study recommends strengthening both offline and online channels with differentiated value offerings while gradually preparing the foundation for future omnichannel adoption. The results provide practical insights for business owners, policymakers, and future researchers regarding consumer behavior in the spicy food sector during the digital transformation era.

The Impact of Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk, and Operational Risk on Profitability of Government-Owned BPRs in West Java and Banten During the 2019–2023 Period

2026-02-27T06:45:22+00:00

This study aims to analyze the effect of credit risk (Non Performing Loan / NPL), liquidity risk (Loan to Deposit Ratio / LDR), and operational risk (Operating Costs to Operating Income/BOPO) on profitability (Return on Assets / ROA) at People's Credit Banks (BPR) owned by the Regional Governments of West Java and Banten Provinces for the 2019–2023 period. The research method used is quantitative with a descriptive and verifiable approach, using secondary data in the form of BPR's annual financial statements. The data analysis technique used is panel data regression. The results of the study show that simultaneously credit risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk have a significant effect on the profitability of BPR. Partially, credit risk (NPL) and liquidity risk (LDR) have no significant effect on ROA, while operational risk (BOPO) has a negative and significant effect on ROA. These findings indicate that operational efficiency is the dominant factor in increasing the profitability of BPRs owned by local governments. Therefore, BPRs need to strengthen operational cost control, improve the quality of risk management, and maintain liquidity balance to achieve healthy and sustainable financial performance.

Analysis of Human Resource Management Processes in the Procurement and Utilization of Community Health Center Employees as BLUDs at UPTD Community Health Centers in Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan Province

2026-02-27T06:04:33+00:00

This research aims to analyze the human resource management process in the procurement and utilization of employees at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) with Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD) status in Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan Province. The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques consisting of in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving the head of the community health center and related structural officials. The results show that human resource planning is carried out systematically to balance service needs with the availability of health workers through workload analysis and competency requirement projections. Human resource organization has been based on regulations from the Ministry of Health and the Health Office, with a clear division of authority through the organizational structure and job descriptions. Guidance is carried out with an emphasis on discipline, two-way communication, motivation, and performance-based incentives. HR control is implemented through monitoring and evaluation mechanisms that cover performance, discipline, and the application of rewards and sanctions. However, several obstacles were identified, such as limited human resources, high workloads, multiple job assignments, and limited technological infrastructure. Overall, the results of this study confirm that the HR management process at the Bulungan BLUD Community Health Centers has been carried out based on the principles of efficiency, accountability, and service quality improvement. However, it still requires strengthened coordination and greater utilization of information technology so that HR management becomes more adaptive and sustainable.

Strategic Competency Development for Frontliners to Strengthen Customer Loyalty: A Study in General Insurance Services at PT XYZ

2026-03-05T08:50:33+00:00

The general insurance market in Indonesia remains growing and competition is shifting towards the service excellence side with diminishing product differentiation. As for PT XYZ, the frontline employees are the tip of the spear in determining how the customer feels about the company. Consider the performance of the companys Customer Loyalty Index CLI between 2020–2024 it is below the target and those of competitors suggesting the firm faces challenges sustaining loyalty. Customer feedback indicates satisfaction is associated with frontline capability when interacting during service provision. The purpose of this study is to measure the competency of the frontline at PT XYZ, to analyze the gap of competency from which lead to loyalty, and to recommend the strategy for improvement. Using the Knowledge–Skills–Attitudes (KSA) framework, this study identifies four critical competencies which directly impact customer loyalty (1) customer knowledge (2) problem-solving ability (3) adaptability ability and (4) Empathy Attitude. Taking a mixed-methods approach that combines competency assessments with expert interviews, the results indicate that current capability levels for these four competencies remain well below human-expected thresholds. Not enough understanding of the customer leads to less personalization, bad problem resolution leads to slower service resolution, low adaptability leads to disrupted responsiveness in the face of a system or policy changes, and weak empathy leads to diminished emotional connection with the customer. We propose a competency improvement plan based onfocused development programs in customer insight and modeling, sensitive exposure to customer behavior, discipline in practical problem-solving, and customer empathy-oriented service approach reinforcement.

The Relationship Between Learning Motivation and Anatomy Practicum Exam Results Among UGJ Faculty of Medicine Students

2026-03-12T03:08:14+00:00

Anatomy is a subject considered difficult by most medical students; therefore, many students obtain unsatisfactory test scores in the anatomy practicum. The anatomy practicum is part of the learning process at the Faculty of Medicine. The learning process is influenced by several factors, including learning motivation. Learning motivation serves as the foundation for students to achieve optimal learning outcomes. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between learning motivation and the results of the anatomy practicum examination among UGJ Faculty of Medicine students. This study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The results of the Spearman correlation test showed that the learning motivation variable and the anatomy practicum scores yielded a value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant relationship between learning motivation and anatomy practicum examination results. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.295, indicating that the strength of the relationship between learning motivation and anatomy practicum scores falls into the weak category. The distribution of learning motivation among UGJ Faculty of Medicine students in the anatomy practicum examination showed that 146 students (88%) were in the moderate category, 18 students (10.8%) were in the weak category, and 2 students (1.2%) were in the strong category. Therefore, there is a relationship between learning motivation and the results of the anatomy practicum examination among UGJ Faculty of Medicine students.

AI-Based Dynamic Pricing in Online Transportation Services: A Legal Review of Algorithmic Fairness and Transparency

2026-03-08T09:52:34+00:00

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed the digital economy, including app-based transportation services. One of the most debated applications of AI is dynamic pricing, a mechanism that automatically adjusts fares based on real-time market demand and supply fluctuations. In Indonesia, this practice raises legal issues related to consumer protection and economic fairness, particularly when prices surge drastically during emergencies. The lack of algorithmic transparency in fare determination raises concerns about fairness for consumers and the balance of interests among service providers, drivers, and users. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of dynamic pricing under Indonesia’s Consumer Protection Law and Trade Law, and to formulate regulatory recommendations ensuring that AI-based pricing systems remain ethical and fair for all parties. The research employs a normative legal method using three main approaches: a statutory approach to examine relevant legal frameworks, a conceptual approach to explore theories of price fairness and digital consumer protection, and a comparative approach to assess dynamic pricing practices in other countries. Data are collected from primary and secondary legal sources, as well as in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, including government regulators, transportation service providers, drivers, consumers, and digital law experts. The findings are expected to provide concrete recommendations for regulating AI-driven dynamic pricing in online transportation services, thereby promoting a balance between consumer protection, algorithmic transparency, and the sustainability of Indonesia’s digital economy.

Disclosure of Key Audit Matters in Banking Issuers for The Period 2022–2024

2026-02-27T06:43:21+00:00

The implementation of Auditing Standard (SA) 701 on Communicating Key Audit Matters (KAM) represents a major development in auditor reporting—particularly within the banking industry, which is characterized by high regulatory intensity, operational complexity, and significant risk exposure. SA 701 requires auditors to disclose matters that required significant professional judgment during the audit, with the objective of enhancing transparency and increasing the informational value of the auditor’s report for stakeholders. This research aims to analyze KAM disclosures among Indonesian banking issuers during the 2022–2024 period and to identify challenges in implementing SA 701 at the public accounting firm (KAP) level. This descriptive qualitative case study analyzed 141 audited financial statements of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, supported by semi-structured interviews with engagement partners from Big Four and Non–Big Four firms. KAM disclosures were classified into account-level and entity-level categories to identify patterns in determining significant audit areas. The results show that the average number of KAMs disclosed per auditor’s report is 1.32, consisting of 1.07 account-level KAMs and 0.26 entity-level KAMs. Allowance for Expected Credit Losses (ECL/CKPN) is the most frequently disclosed KAM, appearing in all observations, followed by issues related to financial reporting information systems. These findings indicate that credit risk assessment and IT system reliability remain the primary audit focus in the banking sector. While SA 701 does not substantially alter audit procedures, it increases documentation, coordination, and review requirements.

Mapping Research on Business Model Transformation Strategies as a Response to Digital Disruption to Achieve Competitive Advantage

2026-02-27T07:04:34+00:00

Rapid advancements in digital technologies have transformed the business environment, requiring organizations to rethink their business models to remain competitive. Digital disruption driven by technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and the Internet of Things (IoT) has reshaped how firms create and capture value. However, existing studies on digital disruption, business model transformation, and competitive advantage remain fragmented, limiting a comprehensive understanding of research trends in this field. This study presents a systematic mapping study (SMS) and bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer to identify the research landscape regarding business model transformation strategies in response to digital disruption in an effort to achieve competitive advantage. Of the 295 initial articles identified in Scopus, 33 were selected as the most relevant and analyzed for intellectual structure, publication trends, geographic distribution, and subject area focus. The results of the keyword co-occurrence analysis show that “digital transformation” is a central concept connected to “business model,” “competitive advantage,” “AI,” “strategic management,” “value creation,” “innovation,” and “performance.” This research topic has experienced a surge in publications since 2022. This increase reflects growing urgency and academic attention, as well as the evolution of research from the basic concept of digitalization to the role of AI and performance measurement. This research topic is widely studied by developed countries such as Germany. It is also interdisciplinary and is widely examined within the subject areas of Business, Management, and Accounting.

Descriptive Analysis of the Incidence of Suicide by Hanging at Bhayangkara Tk. 1 Pusdokkes Polri Hospital: A Review of Data from the Last Five Years and an Islamic Perspective

2026-03-08T09:54:30+00:00

Background: Suicide is a major global public health concern, with its incidence continuing to rise each year. Hanging remains one of the most frequently used methods, including in Indonesia. Forensic examination is crucial for identifying victim characteristics, determining causes and mechanisms of death, supporting legal processes, and contributing to prevention strategies. Objective: The objective of this study is to obtain a comprehensive picture of the characteristics of victims, the instruments used, the cause and mechanism of death, case management efforts, and an Islamic perspective on suicide cases by hanging. Methods: This study used a descriptive method with a cross-sectional design and a qualitative approach. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records of suicide victims by hanging examined at the Forensic Medicine Department of Bhayangkara Hospital Tk. 1 Pusdokkes Polri from 2020 to 2024. The analyzed variables included age, sex, wound characteristics, instruments used, and causes and mechanisms of death. The majority of victims were male and belonged to the productive age group, with rope being the most commonly used ligature. Results: Although several cases lacked detailed information on the mechanism of death, available data indicated that asphyxia due to neck compression was the primary cause. These findings align with forensic theory, which states that death in hanging cases typically results from obstruction of air and blood flow caused by pressure on neck structures. Conclusion: Overall, suicide by hanging predominantly involves males of productive age, with asphyxia being the leading mechanism of death.

Perioperative Management in a Cesarean Section Patient with Rheumatic Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension

2026-03-02T09:01:48+00:00

Background: Pregnancy complicated by rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a high-risk condition with maternal mortality reaching 20–50%. The physiological burden of pregnancy can precipitate cardiovascular decompensation, making perioperative management of cesarean section extremely challenging. Objective: This case report aims to describe the perioperative challenges and the multidisciplinary anesthetic strategy implemented in a high-risk parturient with RHD and PH, emphasizing the rationale for choosing general anesthesia over regional techniques. Methods: A 25-year-old woman (G3P2A0) at 32–33 weeks gestation presented in labor with signs of fetal distress. She had a history of RHD with moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis, moderate tricuspid regurgitation, PH, and atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. Due to significant coagulopathy (INR 2.3), regional anesthesia was contraindicated. The patient underwent general anesthesia with gradual induction, invasive hemodynamic monitoring (arterial and central venous lines), and lung-protective ventilation for an emergency cesarean section. Findings: The procedure was completed successfully with the delivery of a live infant with good Apgar scores. Intraoperatively, the patient remained hemodynamically stable with support from inotropes and vasopressors. Postoperatively, she was managed in the intensive care unit (ICU) for four days before being transferred to the general ward and discharged without major complications. Implications: This case underscores that in specific high-risk scenarios where regional anesthesia is contraindicated, a carefully conducted general anesthesia with invasive monitoring can be a safe and effective alternative.

ESG as a Global Norm: Unilever’s Role in Promoting Sustainability Through International Governance

2026-03-05T03:50:11+00:00

This study aims to analyze Unilever's implementation of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles as part of the company's sustainability strategy and its contribution to sustainable global governance. ESG has evolved into a global framework implemented by multinational companies, including Unilever, that are committed to reducing environmental impact, improving social well-being, and adhering to the principles of good governance. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach and an institutional analysis perspective. Data were obtained through literature review and interviews with relevant parties, including companies, governments, and local communities. The results show that Unilever has successfully adapted global ESG norms into local policies in Indonesia through the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP) and Unilever Compass programs. However, despite progress in reducing carbon footprint and improving social well-being, challenges still exist in implementing ESG in areas beyond the direct control of companies, especially when it comes to plastics and recycling. The conclusion of this study is that multinational companies, such as Unilever, play an important role in influencing global sustainability policies by collaborating with a wide range of stakeholders, but local challenges still require special attention in achieving global sustainability goals.

The Effectiveness of Guidance Programs for Inmates in the Process of Social Reintegration (A Study at Wonogiri Class IIB Prison)

2026-02-27T06:15:16+00:00

The passage of Law Number 22 of 2022 marks a fundamental shift in Indonesia's correctional system from a retributive approach to one oriented toward social reintegration. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the guidance program at the Class IIB Wonogiri Correctional Institution, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and evaluate the reintegration readiness of the Assisted Residents. Using an empirical juridical method with a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The results of the study show partial effectiveness: personality development programs have succeeded in restoring mental stability, while independence programs have not been substantially effective due to infrastructural stagnation and curriculum incompatibility. The analysis reveals the existence of a dialectic in which the humanistic dedication of officers as a supporting factor is overshadowed by dominant inhibiting factors, namely limited facilities and persistent social stigma. This condition creates the phenomenon of “Paradoxical Reintegration,” in which the Fostered Citizens possess psychological readiness (internal desistance) but face structural rejection from society and the labor market. This study concludes that without structural interventions, such as social enterprises or affirmative policies, the legal mandate of reintegration cannot be fully realized.

Legal Protection for Creditors in Unregistered Fiduciary Agreements: A Normative Review Based on the Fiduciary Guarantee Law

2026-03-08T09:57:19+00:00

Sustainable economic development requires significant funding, which is often obtained through borrowing between creditors and debtors. One of the guarantee instruments in the financial world is fiduciary guarantees, which are regulated in Law Number 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees. Fiduciary guarantees provide legal protection for creditors, but if they are not registered in accordance with the provisions of the law, legal protection for creditors becomes limited. This study aims to analyze the legal position of creditors in unregistered fiduciary agreements, the legal consequences that arise for creditors, and the legal protection that can be provided. This study used a normative juridical approach with analytical descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that unregistered fiduciary guarantees do not have executory power and preferential rights for creditors, so creditors lose the legal protection provided by the Fiduciary Guarantee Act. This makes it difficult for creditors to claim their rights in the event of a default. Therefore, it is important to ensure the registration of fiduciary guarantees so that creditors' rights are protected in accordance with applicable provisions.

Differences in Fluoride Content of Drinking Water in Mountain and Coastal Communities

2026-03-05T03:55:46+00:00

Dental and oral health are essential components of overall health. One of the common dental issues is dental fluorosis, which results from excessive fluoride exposure during tooth development. Such exposure often originates from drinking water, particularly in areas with naturally high fluoride concentrations. Fluoride occurs in both surface and well water, but surface water typically contains lower fluoride levels. In contrast, the fluoride concentration in well water depends on several factors, including the geological, chemical, and physical characteristics of the aquifer, soil and rock porosity, acidity, temperature, chemical interactions among elements, and well depth. Previous studies have reported variations in fluoride levels between mountainous and coastal regions. This study aimed to determine differences in fluoride content in drinking water between mountainous and coastal communities. A comparative study design was used, with well water from Lahendong Village, South Tomohon District (mountainous area), and Meras Village, Bunaken District, Manado City (coastal area) as the population. The sample consisted of five water samples from each region, selected through purposive sampling. Fluoride levels were analyzed using a spectrophotometer. Results showed that the mean fluoride concentration in drinking water from mountainous areas was 0.108 mg/L, while in coastal areas it was 0.298 mg/L. Statistical analysis using an unpaired t-test indicated a significant difference (p < 0.05). The study concludes that fluoride content in drinking water from mountainous regions is significantly lower than that found in coastal areas, suggesting that geographical and geological conditions influence natural fluoride concentrations in groundwater.

Impact of External Shocks on Tobacco and Tobacco Related Products Company Performance Using Stata Statistical Softwar

2026-02-27T07:28:28+00:00

This research investigates the impact of external shocks, particularly changes in excise tax rates and the COVID-19 pandemic, on the financial performance of tobacco companies in Indonesia, specifically PT Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna, Tbk. (HMSP). Using a quantitative approach, time-series data from 2018 to 2025 were analyzed, focusing on key financial indicators such as net revenue, cost of goods sold, and selling expenses. The study reveals that increases in excise tax significantly affect the company’s cost structure and tax liabilities, while the COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in net revenue but had minimal impact on tax obligations. The findings indicate that, despite fiscal pressures, tobacco companies have adapted through strategic pricing and cost-optimization strategies to mitigate the impact of these external shocks. This study contributes to understanding the effectiveness of fiscal policy in the tobacco industry and provides empirical evidence of how companies can adjust their strategies to maintain financial resilience amid regulatory and market disruptions.

Navigating ISP Market Uncertainties through Scenario Planning

2026-03-05T06:34:43+00:00

Indonesia's growing internet penetration presents opportunities for new Internet Service Providers (ISPs), though competition is fierce due to low entry barriers and the emergence of disruptive technologies like Starlink. This leads to price wars, pressuring companies to balance margins with service quality. PT. Sinyal Global Nusantara (PT SGN), a newcomer in the ISP market, previously worked as an ISP contractor and aims to leverage its operational advantages for better service delivery and premium after-sales support. To navigate this competitive landscape, PT SGN must adopt a proactive strategy tailored to the evolving market dynamics over the next five years. The research employed a Scenario Planning framework, starting with a macro-environmental analysis using PESTEL, Porter's Five Forces, and SWOT analyses. Two key uncertainties identified are Government Policy and Regulation especially regarding illegal ISPs and Market Demand for Product Diversification. These uncertainties yield four scenarios: "The Bat's Order," "Gotham Seal," "The Arkham Unleashed," and "Dark Knight Falls." Each scenario requires monitoring Early Warning Signals (EWS) like Smart Home market trends and regulatory changes. It is recommended that PT SGN focus on product diversification, enhance operational efficiency, and engage actively with industry associations to navigate the competitive landscape effectively.

Do Good Deeds for the Sake of the Future

2026-03-05T03:45:35+00:00

This research explores the concept of continuous good deeds in Islam, emphasizing that such acts are not confined to the month of Ramadan or specific sacred days but are integral to a Muslim’s life. The study aims to analyze the moral and spiritual significance of performing good deeds consistently, as prescribed in the Qur’an and hadith. Utilizing a hermeneutic approach and library research, the paper examines the obligations of ZISWAF (zakat, infaq, sadaqah, and waqf) as key elements in achieving spiritual security and salvation in the hereafter. Through an analysis of various Islamic teachings, this study identifies the essential role of kindness, ethical conduct, and social responsibility in Islam. The findings reveal that good deeds, including small everyday actions such as helping others, speaking kindly, and taking care of animals, are spiritually significant and rewarded by Allah SWT. This study underscores the importance of performing good deeds with sincerity (ikhlas), purely for the sake of Allah’s pleasure, and emphasizes the need for greater awareness regarding Islamic charitable obligations. The research concludes that a life dedicated to doing good, informed by Islamic principles, contributes to a secure future and ultimate peace in the sight of Allah SWT.

Implementation of Food Safety for Halal Food Smes: A Case Study of Fish Crackers

2026-03-05T03:57:14+00:00

Food safety is an important aspect in supporting the sustainability and competitiveness of halal food Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The implementation of halal certification policies in Indonesia requires MSMEs to ensure that their production processes comply with food safety standards. However, many small-scale food producers still face challenges in identifying potential hazards and implementing systematic food safety controls. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the implementation of food safety through hazard identification and the determination of critical control points using the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) method in fish cracker MSMEs in Tangerang, Indonesia. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach by applying HACCP principles through observation of the production process, interviews with business owners, and expert questionnaires. The stages of HACCP implementation included product description, process flow verification, hazard analysis, determination of critical control points (CCPs), monitoring systems, corrective actions, and documentation procedures. The results indicate that potential hazards in fish cracker production consist of biological and physical hazards, such as microbial contamination, dust, and environmental pollution. Three main critical control points were identified, namely the boiling, cooling and storage, and drying processes. Preventive measures include boiling at a minimum temperature of 80°C for 20 minutes, storage at −5°C to −10°C, and drying using protective nets. In conclusion, the application of HACCP provides an effective framework for identifying hazards and improving food safety management in halal food MSMEs, thereby supporting product quality, consumer protection, and the sustainability of the halal food industry.

Identity Construction of Generation Z Foodie Nano-Influencers as a Personal Branding Strategy

2026-03-08T09:55:47+00:00

This research aims to explore the phenomenon of the influencer profession as a strategic solution for Generation Z in dealing with the high unemployment rate through the use of the digital creative economy. The main focus of this study is to analyze how foodie nano-influencers from Generation Z construct their identities as an instrument to strengthen personal branding on social media. Using a qualitative approach, this study applied Stuart Hall's identity construction theory which views identity as a dynamic process of "becoming", as well as Peter Montoya's personal branding theory to dissect self-image strategies. The results show that the identity construction of these nano-influencers is flexible (dynamic identity), where they adaptively adjust communication styles and content based on audience preferences and directives from brand partners. The personal branding strategy applied includes eight main laws (The Eight Laws of Personal Branding), namely Specialization (The Law of Specialization), Leadership (The Law of Leadership), Personality (The Law of Personality), Difference (The Law of Distinctiveness), Consistency (The Law of Visibility), Unity (The Law of Unity), Steadfastness (The Law of Persistence), and Good Name (The Law of Goodwill). These findings confirm that digital identity is not just a self-representation, but a planned strategy to build credibility and unlock economic opportunities amid fierce competition in the digital industry.

Proposed Business Strategy Using Strategic Management Approach for Business Growth (Case Study of PT. Guna Olah Niaga)

2026-03-05T06:29:12+00:00

Agriculture contributes 13–15% of Indonesia’s GDP and employs a large share of the population, yet decades of reliance on chemical fertilizers have caused serious soil and environmental degradation. To support sustainable farming, PT Guna Olah Niaga (PT GON), a Bandung-based start-up, produces liquid organic fertilizer from invasive and discarded biomass such as water hyacinth and vegetable waste; however, the company faces strategic challenges including limited production capacity, low market credibility, financial constraints, and weak product differentiation. This study develops sustainable business strategies for PT GON using a qualitative case study approach, combining interviews with founders, farmers, government officials, and industry practitioners, supported by secondary data. Internal analysis (Value Chain, VRIO) identifies strengths in waste-based innovation and founder expertise, but weaknesses in standardization, scalability, and financing. External analysis (PESTEL, Porter’s Five Forces) highlights opportunities in rising awareness of sustainable farming and growing B2B demand, alongside threats from subsidized chemical fertilizers, intense competition, and farmers’ hesitation toward new organic inputs. Through SWOT–TOWS synthesis, three strategic pillars emerge: (1) operational enhancement through standardization, automation, and quality assurance; (2) market expansion through partnerships, demonstration plots, and benefit-driven branding; and (3) innovation and capability development via continuous R&D and collaboration with research institutions. These are operationalized through a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) with KPIs for 2026–2028. Overall, the study concludes that strengthening operational excellence, strategic market penetration, and long-term capability building can significantly enhance PT GON’s competitiveness and support its transition into a scalable, sustainable enterprise in Indonesia’s organic fertilizer industry.

The Impact of Clinical Pathway Implementation on Cost Effectiveness in Health Care Service: A Bibliometric Analysis

2026-03-18T04:09:01+00:00

Clinical pathways play a strategic role in mitigating fraud risk by reducing unnecessary variability in clinical practice. Implementing clinical pathways in hospital healthcare services has a positive impact on cost-effectiveness. To determine research trends related to the impact of clinical pathway implementation on cost-effectiveness in healthcare systems worldwide. This study used a bibliometric analysis approach. Data analysis techniques employed VOSviewer. VOSviewer tools were used for network, overlay, and density visualization. The bibliometric analysis in this study was conducted using VOSviewer software, employing a co-authorship analysis approach at the author level. This analysis identified 80 authors, with 18 authors showing the largest number of links. Implementing clinical pathways is an effective strategy for improving cost efficiency and the quality of healthcare services in hospitals. Clinical pathways need to be developed and implemented consistently to enhance cost-effectiveness, service quality, and the efficiency of the healthcare system, particularly in developing countries.

Improving Traditional Health Services Through Kinesiotherapy in an Effort to Reduce the Number of Musculoskeletal Patient Referrals at the Binanaga Mamuju Community Health Center in West Sulawesi

2026-03-05T03:47:52+00:00

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of kinesiotherapy as an innovation in traditional health services at the Binanaga Community Health Center, Mamuju, West Sulawesi, as well as its role in reducing the number of referrals for patients with musculoskeletal disorders and increasing patient satisfaction. This study uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and participatory observation involving traditional health workers and patients receiving kinesiotherapyservices. The results show that the implementation of kinesiotherapy is effective and in accordance with applicable operational standards. Kinesiotherapy has a significant impact in reducing pain in patients, increasing satisfaction with services, and contributing to a decrease in the number of referrals to advanced health care facilities. This service also presents challenges, such as limited facilities, restricted service space, and the need for further training for health workers to maintain service quality. The research findings confirm that kinesiotherapy, as part of traditional health services, can serve as an effective initial treatment alternative at the primary care level, with clear clinical benefits and patient satisfaction. In addition, the sustainability of this service requires institutional support, improved infrastructure, and strengthened regulations. This study provides an empirical basis for the development of kinesiotherapy services and their integration into the public health system.

Designing a Digital Intermediary Platform to Support Micro Business in the Indonesian Event Industry: A Case Study of K-Pop Concertgoers

2026-02-27T06:40:16+00:00

The rapid growth of the K-pop industry in Indonesia is reflected in its strong cultural influence among Indonesian youth, making the country one of the largest K-pop fan markets globally. This growth is driven not only by high music consumption but also by significant fan spending on related activities, particularly concert attendance. K-pop concerts often require substantial expenses, including tickets, accommodation, merchandise, and supporting services such as make-up artists and phone rentals. The frequency of these transactions has encouraged fans to establish microbusinesses by utilizing their skills, assets, and prior experience. However, the K-pop concert microbusiness ecosystem largely operates informally through fragmented social media platforms without clear regulations or standardized systems, creating challenges such as trust issues, scam risks, unclear coordination, and inconsistent service delivery. This study aims to examine how innovative solutions can be designed to address these challenges and generate value for all stakeholders within the ecosystem. The study employs Empathy Mapping to analyze behaviors and motivations of involved parties, alongside Customer Journey Mapping to examine step-by-step processes and identify pain points at each interaction stage. The findings are translated into innovation concepts using Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation and the Value Proposition Canvas to ensure alignment with user needs. Finally, Lean Canvas and Minimum Viable Product (MVP) frameworks are applied to translate concepts into implementable solutions. The results indicate that innovation focused on trust-building and coordination standardization plays a critical role in reducing uncertainty, improving service consistency, and supporting long-term business sustainability within the microbusiness ecosystem.

Developing Vendor Evaluation Model for Third-Party Manufacturing: Vendor Management System in SMEs Fashion Industries

2026-03-04T18:19:44+00:00

Outsourcing is extensively adopted by fashion SMEs, with many SMEs experiencing problems with such activities, such as high defect rates, inconsistent delivery, poor communication, and low bargaining power. These problems often arise due to the fact that vendor evaluation is informal and has no clear criteria. This study develops a vendor evaluation model using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assist SMEs in making more structured decisions. The research comprised three phases: validation of vendor selection criteria based on the BCOR framework, inputs from nine fashion business owners via a structured questionnaire, and calculation of criteria weights with AHP for two groups of SMEs. Since the patterns of judgment between the two groups were similar, a single weighting model was created. A numerical example of three vendors and a sensitivity analysis were then performed. Results show that Cost and Risk are the most important criteria, with production cost, risk of inconsistency in quality, and vendor reputation being important subcriteria. The model proved to be very stable and can help SMEs to evaluate vendors more objectively.

Sustainable Production of Liquid Smoke from Coconut Shell Waste Using Controlled Combustion and Agricultural Waste Biofilter

2026-03-02T09:02:41+00:00

Background: This study developed a novel process for producing liquid smoke from coconut shell waste through controlled pyrolysis, optimized by airflow control and a multistage biofilter using agricultural wastes (coconut fiber, rice husk, and coconut shell charcoal). Objective: To optimize liquid smoke production using coconut shell waste, control airflow during pyrolysis, and improve efficiency with an agricultural waste biofilter. Methods: Response Surface Methodology (RSM) identified the optimal conditions: 315 °C temperature, 65-min residence time, and a primary/secondary airflow ratio of 1:1.2. Temperature was the most significant factor, as validated by ANOVA, with a high R² model fit. GC-MS analysis identified 42 chemical compounds, and the condenser design and PID controller ensured efficient condensation and operational stability. Results: Under optimal conditions, the process yielded 68.5 mL/kg with a phenolic content of 93.2 mg GAE/g, a pH of 2.85, and no benzo[a]pyrene. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of high-quality functional groups in the liquid smoke, including phenolic, guaiacol, 4-ethylphenol, and creosol compounds. The agricultural waste biofilter achieved 78.3% PAH removal and 94.5% phenolic compound retention with low pressure drop and minimal production cost compared to commercial filters. Conclusion: This innovative liquid smoke production process using coconut shell waste and agricultural waste biofilters is sustainable, low cost, and environmentally friendly. It effectively valorizes biomass waste, minimizes pollution, and produces food-grade liquid smoke, supporting the circular economy.

The Cyber Loving Approach: A Model for Mitigating Psychosocial Barriers to Treatment in Type C Hospital Patients in the Digital Era

2026-02-27T07:25:08+00:00

The development of healthcare services in the digital era requires hospitals not only to improve the quality of medical services but also to pay attention to psychosocial aspects that influence patient satisfaction and loyalty. In Type C hospitals in Indonesia, limited resources and increasing service demands often create psychosocial barriers that may reduce treatment effectiveness and weaken long-term relationships between patients and healthcare providers. This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality dimensions—including technical quality, procedural quality, infrastructural quality, interactional quality, personnel quality, and social support quality—on patient satisfaction and its impact on patient loyalty, with the Cyber Loving Approach as a moderating variable. The research employed a quantitative approach using purposive sampling involving 185 patients from several Type C hospitals in Indonesia. Data were collected through structured questionnaires using a Likert scale and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) through validity tests, reliability tests, multiple linear regression, and Moderated Regression Analysis. The results indicate that infrastructural quality, interactional quality, procedural quality, and personnel quality significantly influence patient satisfaction, whereas technical quality and social support quality do not show significant effects. Patient satisfaction was found to have a strong positive influence on patient loyalty. However, the Cyber Loving Approach was not able to significantly moderate the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty. In conclusion, improving service quality—particularly in infrastructure, interaction, service procedures, and staff competence—is essential for increasing patient satisfaction and loyalty in Type C hospitals in the digital era.

The Effectiveness of the Repetition Learning Method (Drill Method) in Improving Basic Functional Literacy Skills in Students at Sd Wara, Sd Manelek, and Sd Sikhem Bariat in 3t Areas

2026-03-04T18:21:02+00:00

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the learning method by means of repetition (drill method) in improving basic functional literacy skills (reading, writing, and arithmetic) in students in three elementary schools (SD), namely SD Wara, SD Manelek, and SD Sikhem Bariat. This study used qualitative research where participants consisted of 125 students who had sub-average literacy skills. The research was carried out through drill method training for 30 days of meetings with materials focused on vocabulary, simple sentences, and numeracy in the context of the daily lives of elementary school students. Data were collected through functional literacy ability tests before (pretest) and after (posttest) the intervention, as well as participatory observation. The results showed that 85% of students experienced an increase in reading speed and fluency, 80% of students showed improvement in writing simple sentences with better spelling, and 82% of students were able to complete basic arithmetic operations without the help of fingers. Overall, 80% of students (90 out of 171 students) experienced a significant improvement in basic functional literacy skills after participating in the drill method training for 30 days. In this case, it can be concluded that the drill method has proven effective in improving the basic functional literacy skills of elementary school students in the 3T Area. This method can be used as a practical and applicable alternative learning model to overcome difficulties in learning literacy in areas with limited resources and access.

The Role of the Patriot Program in Fostering Nationalism Among High School Students at SMAIT Peradaban Al Izzah in Sorong as a Strategy for Preventing Social Conflict in Papua: A Review of Ernest Renan’s Theory of Nationalism

2026-03-17T03:10:14+00:00

This condition affects the way the younger generation, especially Indigenous Papuan students, interpret their identity as part of the Indonesian nation. On the one hand, there is a historical narrative of inequality and marginalization that has developed in society, while on the other hand, the state seeks to strengthen national integration through education. This study aims to analyze the role of the Patriot Program in shaping student nationalism at SMAIT Peradaban Al Izzah in Sorong City. This study uses a qualitative approach with an ethnographic design in education. The data in this study were collected through several techniques, namely observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the Patriot Program has an important role in shaping the nationalism of Indigenous Papuan students at SMAIT Peradaban Al Izzah in Sorong City through three main mechanisms: as an agent of socialization of national values that is dialogical and inclusive; as a medium of cross-ethnic interaction that encourages cooperation, reduces prejudice, and increases empathy between Papuan and non-Papuan students; and as a means of identity construction that allows the simultaneous integration of Papuan and Indonesian identities. These findings also show the relevance of Ernest Renan’s theory of nationalism, especially the concept of the nation as a “daily plebiscite,” which emphasizes the sustained will to live together. However, in the Papuan context, the theory needs to be complemented by a critical perspective that considers the factors of economic and political inequality in the process of forming nationalism.

Strategic Feasibility Analysis for Business Expansion in a Textile Company

2026-03-04T18:17:51+00:00

This research examines the strategic, operational, and financial viability of CV Surya Abadi Putra Kembar's (SAPK) expansion into the beauty cotton business. Market analysis reveals significant growth potential driven by increasing hygiene awareness, home-based beauty practices, and e-commerce development in Indonesia. STP analysis identifies urban and suburban young women with high purchasing power as the primary target market, favoring locally manufactured, high-quality, and environmentally friendly products. Operational analysis evaluates three models: full in-house, hybrid (Partial Maklon), and full outsourcing, with the hybrid model offering the optimal balance of cost-effectiveness, scalability, and quality control. A 10-year financial forecast demonstrates positive NPV, IRR exceeding the company's benchmark, and short payback period across all scenarios. Monte Carlo simulation confirms high probability of sustained positive cash flow. The Partial Maklon model emerges as the most feasible strategy, combining SAPK's operational strengths with external partners' efficiency while minimizing capital investment and risk. This model projects an NPV of approximately IDR 180 billion, IRR above 12%, three-year payback period, and only 5% loss probability. The study confirms SAPK's operational capability to transform from raw material supplier to branded consumer goods producer, enhancing long-term competitiveness and supporting Indonesia's industrial value chain development.

Histochemical Testing and Microscopic Structure of Leea indica (Burm.f.) Merr. (Memaye) as a Medicinal Plant of the Besemah Tribe for Anti-infective and Degenerative Purposes in Lahat, South Sumatra

2026-02-24T15:50:34+00:00

Leea indica (Burm.f.) Merr. (Memaye) is traditionally used by the Besemah Tribe in Lahat, South Sumatra, as a medicinal plant to treat infectious and degenerative diseases, including hepatitis, liver disorders, and warts. The utilization of this plant as an herbal remedy requires comprehensive information on its microscopic characteristics and secondary metabolite content. This research aimed to determine the classes of secondary metabolite compounds with anti-infective and anti-degenerative potential and their distribution in the vegetative organs of L. indica through histochemical testing, as well as to identify specific diagnostic fragments from microscopic observation of simplicia powder and stem maceration preparations. Histochemical tests were performed on fresh cross-sections of leaves, stems, and roots using specific reagents: Wagner's reagent for alkaloids (reddish-brown positive), 10% NaOH for flavonoids (yellow), 5% copper acetate for terpenoids (yellow to brownish), 10% FeCl₃ for phenols (greenish-black), and Lugol's iodine for tannins (black or purple). Microscopic observations were conducted on chloral hydrate-mounted simplicia powder and safranin-stained maceration preparations. Results showed that alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and phenols were distributed in all vegetative organs, while flavonoids were detected exclusively in leaves. Diagnostic fragments, including various crystal types (raphide, druse, rosette), trichomes (glandular, non-glandular, scale, and septate), and vascular elements (tracheae, tracheids, fibers, and xylem parenchyma), were identified across leaves, stems, and roots. Notably, scale trichomes and septate trichomes with basal sacs serve as specific diagnostic fragments for L. indica, providing reliable authentication markers for quality control in medicinal applications and future research.

Communication Experience of Indonesian Migrant Workers' Children in the Process of Building Self Concept in Sampang District

2026-02-27T07:02:53+00:00

This research aims to explore the communication experiences of children of Indonesian migrant workers (TKI) in Sampang Regency and how these experiences shape their self-concept amid the absence of parental presence. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research employed in-depth interviews and light participant observation with five informants aged 13–25 years. The findings reveal that communication between TKI parents and their children occurs infrequently and tends to be practical, focusing on material needs rather than emotional affection. This condition creates ambivalence in self-concept formation, where children feel proud of their parents' economic success yet experience emotional emptiness. Moreover, the social environment strongly influences this process through the "TKI child" label, which brings both social pressure and motivation to develop a positive identity. The study highlights that long-distance family communication serves not only as an exchange of information but also as a crucial space for identity construction and psychological resilience. This research concludes that the communication experiences of migrant worker children shape a distinctive self-concept formation process characterized by ambivalent feelings, defensive self-presentation, and reflective adaptation, where children develop various mechanisms to navigate emotional distance and social labeling. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of family communication and social support programs for children of migrant workers in rural Indonesia.

Business Development Strategy to Improve Profit Margins in Gas Stations Facing Industry Disruptions

2026-02-27T07:09:48+00:00

The Indonesian gas station industry faces structural challenges from rising operational costs, regulatory pressures, intensified competition, and mobility electrification. Gas stations in Jakarta experience shrinking profit margins as operational expenses increase while fuel margins remain strictly regulated. This study aims to analyze the key operational cost drivers contributing to shrinking profit margins and to explore strategic approaches that gas station owners can adopt to improve profitability. This research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with gas station managers and supervisors, quantitative customer surveys, and strategic analysis frameworks including PESTEL, Porter's Five Forces, Resource-Based View (RBV), VRIO analysis, and SWOT-TOWS formulation. The findings indicate that declining profit margins are mainly driven by rising utility costs, particularly electricity consumption for lighting, compressors, and fuel dispensers, increasing labor expenses such as wages and overtime, and higher maintenance costs due to aging infrastructure and the absence of preventive maintenance systems. Operational inefficiencies—including inconsistent service quality, equipment downtime, and long customer queues—also reduce revenue potential. Additionally, the limited development of non-fuel revenue streams increases dependence on regulated fuel margins. This study proposes a strategic improvement framework integrating operational excellence and business model innovation. Recommended strategies include improving facility conditions and service standards, implementing preventive maintenance and staff training programs, optimizing queue management, expanding non-fuel retail services, and adopting digital technologies. The framework also highlights the importance of preparing EV charging infrastructure to align with Indonesia’s national energy transition policies

Evaluation of Value Added Tax Collector Appointment Policy in Indonesia from the Perspective of Administrative Simplicity Principle

2026-03-16T03:27:42+00:00

The Value Added Tax (VAT) serves as a primary instrument of state revenue that requires both effective collection and administrative simplicity. In this context, Indonesia’s policy of appointing specific entities as VAT withholding agents (Wajib Pemungut or WAPU) aims to enhance compliance and fiscal efficiency; however, questions remain as to whether this policy aligns with the principle of ease of administration. This study evaluates the WAPU policy from that perspective using a qualitative, pragmatic approach through an evaluative literature review. The analysis employs the theoretical frameworks of tax administrative efficiency, the ease of administration principle, and public policy evaluation. The findings indicate that the WAPU mechanism effectively improves revenue collection and narrows monitoring gaps but is administratively inefficient due to the shifting of compliance burdens from the tax authority to businesses. The study identifies an imbalance between fiscal efficiency and administrative simplicity, suggesting the need for policy refinement through digital system integration, administrative incentives, and regulatory adjustments to ensure a VAT collection system that is more efficient, equitable, and sustainable.

Omnichannel Marketing Strategy and Product Quality Perception in Building Non-Pso Fuel Customer Loyalty with Customer Satisfaction as a Mediator

2026-03-05T06:23:53+00:00

The Indonesian fuel industry faces significant challenges in promoting non-PSO fuel adoption, particularly following the February 2025 product quality controversy that resulted in an 11% decline in Pertamax sales. Despite non-PSO fuels generating substantially higher profit margins (up to 11% vs. 0.2% for subsidized fuel), consumer preference remains heavily skewed toward subsidized options due to price sensitivity and declining brand trust. This study aims to analyze the mediating role of customer satisfaction in the relationship between omnichannel marketing strategy and product quality perception on non-PSO fuel customer loyalty. The research employs a quantitative approach with purposive sampling targeting 256 respondents who have used non-PSO fuel within the last three months and are familiar with MyPertamina application features. Data collection utilizes validated instruments adapted to the Indonesian energy context, measured through 5-point Likert scales. Analysis employs Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to examine direct effects, mediation relationships, and model fitness. This research expands Customer Relationship Management theory and omnichannel marketing literature within the underexplored energy sector. The study finds that, in the Indonesian energy context, product quality perception is the strongest driver of customer satisfaction for non-PSO fuels (β=0.706), surpassing the influence of omnichannel marketing strategy (β=0.235). Customer satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between omnichannel marketing strategy and loyalty and partially mediates the effect of product quality perception on loyalty, reinforcing the dominant role of product quality even amid digital transformation.

Visual Management Design in Business Processes for Power Transformer Factories Using Virtual Obeya

2026-03-08T09:56:50+00:00

Power transformer factories are an Engineering to Order (ETO) industry where the products produced have small volume characteristics but many variants. This is due to the need for a power transformer that adjusts to the needs of the customer's electrical system so that each transformer is designed custom. This business process requires a very massive and rapid exchange of information. It is necessary to have a platform to make the distribution of information structured. Currently, Physical Obeya is implemented using a large space and a board containing important data that can be viewed by all cross-functional teams. However, this board still has some drawbacks to accessibility that require a physical presence and a complicated update process. So, virtualization on Physical Obeya was carried out. Virtualization is done by gathering several inputs from cross-functional teams and mapping them into a Value Proposition Canvas to identify the goals and advantages and disadvantages of Physical Obedience that has been carried out so far. Then, the design of virtualization in Physical Obeya is carried out by understanding the business processes in the company to identify what are the process checkpoints in a project into a database, and visualized in a way that takes into account human factors and cognitive ergonomics. Thus, virtual platforms can focus on users. Based on the results of these tests, the platform can be put to good use according to the previously identified objectives.

Theological Analysis and Biblical Perspective on LGBTQ+ Affirmation in the Indonesian Church

2026-02-27T06:05:47+00:00

This research aims to provide a theological and biblical analysis of the demand for LGBTQ+ affirmation within Indonesian churches. The research method applied is normative theological research based on a literature review, using exegesis, exposition, comparative analysis, as well as deductive and inductive synthesis. The findings indicate that Indonesian churches consistently reject LGBTQ+ affirmation as being contrary to the authority of Scripture, while still emphasizing the love of Christ in pastoral ministry. The study also reveals that academic discourse on LGBTQ+ affirmation in Indonesia remains limited; however, the presence of LGBTQ+ members in congregations is real and creates urgent pastoral needs. Variations in pastoral approaches across denominations demonstrate efforts to balance love and truth. The findings imply that the church must practice non-discriminatory love while firmly rejecting the normalization of practices that contradict biblical truth, and that Indonesian churches need to develop contextual theological responses and pastoral strategies that address the growing exposure of younger generations to global affirmation discourse. This study concludes that the appropriate way for the church is to practice non-discriminatory love while firmly rejecting the normalization of practices that contradict biblical truth.

The Implementation of Knowledge Management to Enhance Performance of the Banana Plantation Team at PT XYZ

2026-03-05T03:49:05+00:00

This study final project was a research to design and provide comprehensive knowledge management system in order to enhance performance of banana plantation team at PT XYZ. Results from a recent knowledge assessment showed the team having an average of 67% on current best practices followed by sequential inconsistency in operational efficiency resulting in 8% fruit weight loss similar to organizational expectations of about approximately 90% target. A mixed research methodology (non-parametric) encompassing the APO Knowledge Management Framework, and SECI model, along with the PPT framework to explore people, process, and technological conditions. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations and questionnaires. The results show a fragmented KMS, uncommon access to knowledge which is dependent mostly on leaders, training work being reactive and pragmatic most of the times, tacit field-oriented good practice not well documented and exchange of peer-to-peer knowledge without systemic support mechanisms. In short: uninterrupted availability of key information about operations rests more in individuals than institutional mechanisms. Following this, an integrated approach combining APO dimensions, SECI processes and PPT components was used to design a holistic KM system based on these findings. The proposed system includes structured socialization process, standardized externalization process, consolidated combination architecture and strengthened internalization mechanism.

Cogging Torque Reduction in a 40-Pole/24-Slot Permanent Magnet Generator Using Magnet Edge Shaping and Slot Opening Adjustment

2026-03-12T03:09:55+00:00

Indonesia’s relatively low average wind speed (3–6 m/s) necessitates low-speed wind turbines using multipole permanent magnet generators (PMGs); however, the 40-pole/24-slot configuration tends to produce high cogging torque. This elevated cogging torque can negatively affect starting performance, induce vibration, and reduce overall efficiency. This study reduces the cogging torque of a 40-pole/24-slot PMG through magnet edge shaping and stator slot-opening adjustment. A 2D magnetostatic finite element analysis (FEA) was performed using FEMM 4.2 for three designs: a baseline model (2.0 mm slot opening), an edge-shaped model, and a combined edge-shaped model with a 1.8 mm slot opening. The maximum cogging torque decreased from 0.016676 N·m to 0.000395 N·m and 0.000141 N·m, corresponding to reductions of 97.63% and 99.15%, respectively. Flux density maps confirm a more uniform air-gap flux distribution in the combined design without altering the machine’s main dimensions. The combination of magnet edge shaping and slot-opening reduction is highly effective in minimizing cogging torque without changing the generator’s primary dimensions. This method is practical and suitable for improving the performance of small-scale PMGs in low-speed wind turbine applications.

Panji Edu Eco Festival: Event Concept as a Sustainable Ecotourism Attraction Development in Panji Tourism Village, Buleleng Regency

2026-03-05T06:17:04+00:00

This study aims to design the concept of the Panji Edu Eco Festival event as a thematic event that integrates agricultural practices with the development of sustainable ecotourism attractions in Panji Tourism Village, Buleleng Regency. This festival is expected to serve as an educational medium, promoting agrarian culture while supporting the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs). The study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a participatory action research approach. Data collection techniques include participant observation, in-depth interviews with subak farmers, community leaders, and tourism village managers, as well as documentation studies of existing subak conservation policies and practices. Data are analyzed thematically to formulate event elements that align with the values of sustainability and local wisdom. The novelty of this study lies in integrating the subak-based event model as a socio-ecological system with a community-based ecotourism approach, as well as in preparing a festival conceptual design that strengthens the narrative of agriculture as an educational and sustainable tourist attraction. The research results indicate that the Panji Subak Festivalhas the potential to reinforce local identity, increase community participation, and create opportunities for agro-ecotourism-based village economic diversification. The festival is also considered a potential intergenerational medium for transmitting subak values to the younger generation. A key recommendation is multi-stakeholder collaboration among farmers, tourism village managers, local governments, and academics to implement the festival sustainably as part of the village's annual agenda.

Financial Information System on Marketplace XYZ Based on PSAK 2025 Using the Laravel Framework

2026-03-04T18:22:16+00:00

This research is based on the complexity of financial management in the XYZ marketplace, which still relies on manual processes, resulting in a high risk of errors, time inefficiencies, and inaccuracies in financial statements. This research aims to develop a financial information system based on PSAK 2025 with accounting automation to improve the efficiency and accuracy of financial data management. This research uses a qualitative prototyping method, comprising requirements gathering, module prototyping (COA, journals, AP, AR, financial reports), expert evaluation, refinement, and dummy data testing. Primary data comes from interviews with accounting experts, while secondary data comes from literature and documentation. The results showed that the system managed to achieve 100% recording accuracy, reduce reporting time by 99.9% (from 8 hours to under 5 seconds), and meet the PSAK 2025 standards in account classification, revenue recognition, and financial report presentation. The system also implements Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) for data security and automated transaction processing for typical marketplace transactions. This research contributes to the provision of a fully integrated, real-time, and audit-ready financial information system that can serve as a reference for similar digital platforms in Indonesia.

The Effect of Work Stress and Workload on Turnover Intention with Job Satisfaction as a Mediation Variable on Employees of Bank Indonesia Purwokerto Representative

2025-11-12T04:11:13+00:00

The phenomenon of turnover intention has become a strategic issue in human resource management, including in the Bank Indonesia Purwokerto Representative environment. This research aims to test the influence of work stress and workload on turnover intention, with job satisfaction as a mediation variable. The research method used is quantitative, employing a survey approach and using a questionnaire as the data collection instrument. The study population consists of all employees of Bank Indonesia Purwokerto, with a purposive sampling technique based on a minimum work period of more than one year. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive tests, validity tests, reliability tests, F-tests, t-tests, and Sobel tests to examine the mediation effect. The research results show that work stress and workload have a significant negative effect on job satisfaction. Furthermore, work stress and workload also have a significant positive effect on turnover intention. In addition, job satisfaction was proven to mediate the influence of work stress and workload on turnover intention. These findings provide practical implications for Bank Indonesia management to monitor the levels of stress and workload and to enhance job satisfaction among employees to reduce turnover intention.

Implementation of the Sustainability Reporting Standard Based on Sustainability Disclosure Standards 1 and 2 for PT XYZ

2026-03-02T09:00:16+00:00

This study analyzes the readiness of PT XYZ to implement the Sustainability Disclosure Standards (PSPK) 1 and 2, which will become mandatory in Indonesia starting in 2027. Although the company has used the GRI Standards and POJK 51 as the basis for its sustainability reporting, its current disclosures have not fully met PSPK requirements, particularly in linking sustainability issues to financial performance, assessing climate-related risks, and integrating sustainability into strategic decision-making. Using a qualitative approach, the research employs SWOT analysis to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in PT XYZ's existing sustainability report, followed by Actor–Network Theory (ANT) to map the interactions among human and non-human factors influencing PSPK implementation. Data were collected through document analysis, interviews with internal stakeholders, and a review of relevant standards. The findings indicate that PT XYZ has a strong foundation for the transition, supported by its current reporting structure and governance practices; however, notable gaps exist in materiality assessment, risk quantification, climate governance, data integration, and system readiness. The ANT analysis further reveals the need for coordinated internal regulation, enhanced cross-unit collaboration, strengthened data systems, and capacity-building to support accurate and consistent sustainability disclosures. This study concludes that, with structured preparation and alignment of actors, PT XYZ can successfully adopt PSPK 1 and 2 and enhance the credibility, comparability, and strategic relevance of its sustainability reporting.

Anesthesia Management for Patients with Unruptured Giant Thrombosed Saccular Aneurysms

2026-03-14T07:28:43+00:00

A giant aneurysm in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is a rare condition but has a high risk of rupture, requiring optimal anesthesia planning. This report presents a case of a 33-year-old man with an unruptured giant thrombosed saccular aneurysm in a symptomatic MCA branch since 2018. The patient had undergone several DSA examinations before being planned for craniotomy, aneurysm trapping, and high-flow EC-IC bypass. This report aims to describe the anesthetic management of giant MCA aneurysms undergoing complex surgical procedures to maintain hemodynamic stability and prevent perioperative complications. Physical and neurological examinations were within normal limits, and hemodynamic and laboratory results were stable. Anesthesia management included invasive monitoring, induction using tiopental, remifentanil TCI, and rocuronium, and maintenance of anesthesia with tiopental titration, remifentanil, and low-dose sevoflurane. The surgery lasted 11 hours and 45 minutes, with stable hemodynamic conditions and no intraoperative complications. Postoperatively, the patient was admitted to the ICU with intravenous analgesics. No signs of re-bleeding, hemodynamic instability, or new neurological deficits were observed. The report confirms that anesthesia management in cases of giant MCA aneurysms requires strict control of blood pressure, intracranial pressure, and sympathetic responses during critical phases of induction and extubation. A comprehensive and collaborative approach is essential to prevent complications and support the success of surgery for complex intracranial aneurysms.

Legal Analysis of the Misuse of Live Streaming on the TikTok Platform as a Medium for Promoting Online Gambling

2026-02-27T07:27:40+00:00

The rapid development of information and communication technology has significantly changed human behavior, particularly in the realm of social media, with platforms like TikTok gaining massive popularity. While TikTok’s live-streaming feature provides opportunities for content creators to engage with their audiences and promote products, it has also led to the misuse of this platform for illegal activities, such as the promotion of online gambling. This research aims to conduct a juridical analysis of how TikTok’s live-streaming feature has been exploited to promote online gambling, using a case study involving a popular TikTok live streamer. The study evaluates the legal frameworks regulating the promotion of online gambling through social media, focusing on the Indonesian ITE Law and the Criminal Code. A normative juridical approach is employed to assess violations of legal provisions by influencers, specifically their actions in promoting gambling sites under the guise of entertainment. The results reveal that while TikTok’s live-streaming feature can be used for legitimate purposes, it can also facilitate illegal gambling promotion. The study concludes by recommending improved legal enforcement and policy development to address these challenges effectively.

Payment of Land and Building Acquisition Duty (BPHTB) for Buyers in Tuban Regency Based on Regional Regulation of Tuban Regency No. 8 of 2023 on Regional Taxes and Levies

2026-02-27T06:42:11+00:00

This paper discusses the payment of Land and Building Acquisition Duty (BPHTB) for buyers based on Tuban Regency Regional Regulation Number 8 of 2023 concerning Regional Taxes and Regional Levies, for which the author conducted a case study at the Tuban Regency BPKAD. The research problems addressed include analyzing the practice of BPHTB payments for sellers and buyers of land based on Tuban Regency Regional Regulation Number 8 of 2023 concerning Regional Taxes and Regional Levies, and examining the legal basis and mechanism for BPHTB collection as determined by the Tuban Regency Government through BPKAD. This study employs empirical legal research, which is a legal research method that uses primary data obtained directly through field research by examining legal reality in society that is, how the law operates in practice. The findings reveal that the practice of BPHTB payment for sellers and buyers of land under Regional Regulation of Tuban Regency Number 8 of 2023 concerning Regional Taxes and Regional Levies contains a contradiction between the content of the Perda and the legal reality in the field. The legal basis for BPHTB collection is Regional Regulation Number 8 of 2023 concerning Regional Taxes and Regional Levies, and the payment mechanism is conducted online through the portal provided by BPKAD.

Descriptive Analysis of the Incidence of Suicide Due to Sharp Injuries at the Bhayangkara Tk. 1 Pusdokkes Polri Hospital: A Review of Data From the Last Five Years and an Islamic Perspective

2026-03-05T06:19:03+00:00

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death and remains a major global public health issue. Although suicide by sharp force is relatively uncommon, it has distinctive forensic characteristics and a high fatality rate. This study aims to describe the incidence and characteristics of suicide cases caused by sharp force injuries handled by Bhayangkara Tk.1 Pusdokkes Polri Hospital during the last five years and to analyze the phenomenon from an Islamic perspective. This was a descriptive retrospective study using secondary data obtained from medical records and forensic autopsy reports at Bhayangkara Tk.1 Pusdokkes Polri Hospital between 2020 and 2024. The analyzed variables included gender, age, religion, occupation, place of incident, type of weapon used, wound characteristics, cause of death, and mechanism of death. Data were presented in frequency distributions and analyzed descriptively. A total of five suicide cases by sharp force were recorded during the study period. All victims were male, with a mean age of 32.4 years, and most were Muslims. The majority were private employees or students. The most commonly used weapon was a knife, and the incidents predominantly occurred at home. Fatal wounds were mostly located on the neck, with clean-cut edges. Internal examination revealed injuries to vital organs such as the lungs, heart, and liver. The primary cause of death was sharp force injury to major blood vessels or vital organs, with the dominant mechanism being hypovolemic shock due to massive hemorrhage.

Critical Evaluation of Quasi-Judicial Institutions in the Indonesian Legal System

2026-03-08T09:55:38+00:00

Background: Quasi-judicial institutions are new institutions that emerged after the 1998 reforms as auxiliary organs tasked with resolving specific legal disputes. After that year, the government began establishing several quasi-judicial institutions such as the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency, the National Commission on Human Rights, the Business Competition Supervisory Commission, the Ombudsman, the Professional Disciplinary Council, and several other institutions. Objective: This study aims to examine the position of quasi-judicial institutions in the Indonesian legal system and the obstacles they face within the existing legal system. Methods: The research methodology used was normative juridical, where the author conducts a literature review of legal theory, legislation, and existing quasi-judicial institutions to clarify their position and explain their uses and obstacles. Results: This was done with the aim of ensuring that specific legal disputes can obtain appropriate and beneficial justice for the disputing parties through a fast and efficient process. In some quasi-judicial institutions, decisions from these institutions can even contribute to making legally binding decisions that can be considered by judges in general courts or provide recommendations on whether a legal dispute can be forwarded to general courts or not. However, historically, some of these institutions' decisions have experienced inconsistencies with those of general courts. Conclusion: Therefore, in this paper, the author attempts to provide suggestions on how to address potential inconsistencies between the results of decisions and those of general courts.

The Role of Digital Innovation (AI, IoT, and Big Data) in Accelerating Circular Economy Business Models in the Creative Industries: A Systematic Literature Review

2026-03-05T03:58:19+00:00

This study investigates the role of digital innovation, specifically Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data, in accelerating the adoption of circular economy business models within the creative industries. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by PRISMA 2020, 26 empirical and conceptual studies published between 2020 and 2025 were analyzed across the fashion, textile, and design subsectors. The findings reveal that IoT is the most frequently implemented technology, primarily enabling real-time tracking, life cycle monitoring, and resource optimization. Big data analytics supports evidence-based decision-making and predictive modeling for waste reduction and efficient logistics, while AI contributes to intelligent sorting, demand forecasting, and digital servitization for circular business model innovation. Collectively, these technologies foster transparency, automation, and collaboration, allowing creative firms to close material loops, extend product life cycles, and enhance traceability. The results highlight that the integration of digital tools creates synergistic ecosystems that embed sustainability into creative production and consumption. However, disparities in digital readiness, financial capacity, and regulatory frameworks continue to constrain large-scale adoption, particularly among small and medium enterprises. Theoretically, this research advances understanding of digital circularity as a strategic interface between technological innovation and sustainable transformation, contributing a conceptual synthesis that links digital capabilities with circular economy mechanisms in creative sectors. The study concludes that future research should explore cross-sectoral governance, data standardization, and the sociocultural dimensions of digital sustainability to strengthen the systemic transition toward regenerative creative economies.

An Analysis of the Gap Between Targets and Achievements in the Implementation of Renewable Energy Policy in Indonesia

2026-02-16T02:18:52+00:00

Indonesia has set a target for the New and Renewable Energy (NRE) mix of 23% as part of the national energy transition strategy, but its realization is still far below the target. This study aims to analyze the gap between the targets and achievements of the NRE mix in Indonesia using the Implementation Gap Theory from Pressman and Wildavsky. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The results of the study show that the gap between NRE achievements and targets due to the failure of policy implementation is structural and systemic, which is reflected in the disparity in fiscal incentives that still favor fossil energy, limited administrative capacity, policy design that is insufficiently operational, and a high administrative burden in the implementation process. The gap in the NRE mix is the result of accumulated implementation failures at various points in the policy chain, so strengthening implementation capacity and the alignment of policy incentives is the key to narrowing the gap between NRE targets and achievements in Indonesia.

Strategic Decision to Expand Market PT Kazee Digital Indonesia from Business-to-Business (B2B) to Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

2026-03-05T06:33:41+00:00

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics is increasingly important in creating value in Indonesia's digital economy. PT Kazee Digital Indonesia, an AI-based analytics company that has been operating in a Business-to-Business (B2B) model for government agencies, media, and corporations for more than eight years, is now considering expansion to Business-to-Customer (B2C) due to the rapid growth of social media, the increasing role of individual content creators, and the saturation of the B2B market. This case study aims to identify challenges in the B2B–B2C transition and formulate an effective expansion strategy. The research used a mixed method, starting with in-depth interviews and internal FGDs to explore strategic motivations, risks, and decision criteria, then continued with the preparation of an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model and paired comparison questionnaires to ten internal participants from various divisions. AHP's results show that Website Development and User Experience (UX) are a top priority compared to Influencer Collaboration/KOL and Digital Education Programs. This confirms that Kazee's B2C success depends on redesigning Fastra.AI platform into an intuitive, mobile-friendly, fast value-delivering freemium interface, and featuring easy onboarding and payment systems. External collaboration remains important yet supportive once the product foundation is strong. Thus, the B2C transition is feasible with a phased approach that focuses on internal readiness, UX improvement, and strategic partnerships, while also making a theoretical contribution to the B2B–B2C transition literature and practical guidance for AI-based companies in emerging markets.

Literature Review of Environment-Based Science Learning as an Effort to Foster Environmental Awareness in Students

2026-03-05T08:51:39+00:00

Environmental problems remain among the most critical global issues. Various forms of environmental damage, such as pollution, ecosystem degradation, and the exploitation of natural resources, demonstrate the need for systematic efforts to foster an attitude of environmental care from an early age. Education plays a strategic role in shaping students' awareness of and attitudes toward the environment, particularly through the field of science, which is closely related to natural phenomena and the surrounding environment. Environment-based science learning is a relevant approach because it integrates scientific concepts with real environmental problems that are close to students’ daily lives. This study aims to comprehensively examine research findings related to environment-based science learning as an effort to foster students’ environmental care attitudes. The research method used is a literature review, conducted by analyzing reliable and relevant national and international journals published within the last 5–10 years that align with the topic. The results of this literature study indicate that environment-based science learning, implemented through various methods such as contextual learning, project-based learning, and environmental observation activities, can increase students’ attitudes of environmental care at various educational levels and across different subjects. This improvement is reflected in aspects of environmental awareness, responsibility, and pro-environmental behavior. These findings indicate that environment-based science learning is an effective approach and can be applied sustainably in science education to support the development of students’ environmental care character.

The Problem of Interpreting the Defense of Compulsory (Noodweer and the Defense of Compulsory Exceeding the Limits (Noodweer Excess) in the Indonesian Criminal Legal System

2026-02-27T07:25:59+00:00

The legislation contains several articles that seem ambiguous and even unclear in their intent, requiring further interpretation. This study aims to analyze noodweer and noodweer excess in the Indonesian criminal law system and the limits in the use of noodweer and noodweer excess in the Indonesian criminal system. This research is a type of normative juridical research, with data sourced from primary and secondary sources. Data were collected through literature studies and analyzed using deductive methods. The results of this study describe the emergence of a sense of injustice in society; legal certainty becomes unclear and disrupts the realization of legal objectives, and the risk of human rights violations arises. This is caused by the deep disparity in the imposition of sanctions on similar cases, both in the charges and the positioning of the case. As for the limitations in the use of noodweer and noodweer excess in the Indonesian criminal system, it is the formulation of a single limitation in understanding what the limits of noodweer and noodweer excess are, departing from the elements in Article 49 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of the Colonial Criminal Code and Articles 34 and 43 of the National Criminal Code. These criteria can be achieved through the revision of legislation or the preparation of Sentencing Guidelines or Sema (Supreme Court Circular Letter).

Dynamic Capabilities and Business Performance of Batik SMEs in Solo City: The Mediating Role of Organizational Resilience and the Moderating Effect of Omnichannel Business Model Innovation

2026-02-27T06:18:43+00:00

This research aims to analyze the influence of dynamic capabilities on the business performance of batik SMEs in the city of Solo, with organizational resilience as a mediating variable and omnichannel business model innovation as a moderating variable. A quantitative approach was used with a survey method involving 120 batik SMEs. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results show that dynamic capabilities have a positive and significant effect on organizational resilience, which in turn positively affects business performance. However, dynamic capabilities do not have a direct effect on business performance. These findings indicate that organizational resilience fully mediates the relationship between dynamic capabilities and business performance. In addition, omnichannel business model innovation strengthens the influence of organizational resilience on business performance. These results confirm the importance of strategic capabilities, organizational resilience, and integration of business channels in improving the performance of batik SMEs in a dynamic business environment.

Driving Value and Improving Efficiency: Digital Fuel Measurement as a Strategic Enabler in State-Owned Logistics — a Case Study of Limosin at Elnusa Petrofin

2026-03-08T09:53:19+00:00

This study examines the digital transformation of fuel logistics within Indonesian state-owned enterprises (SOEs), focusing on the implementation of LIMOSIN (Liquid Monitoring System) at Elnusa Petrofin. Despite global advances in IoT-enabled measurement systems, Indonesian fuel distribution continues to rely on manual dipstick measurement, handwritten logs, and fragmented reconciliation processes. Using a qualitative case study approach supported by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Resource-Based View (RBV), VRIO, and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), this research analyzed the operational, behavioral, and strategic implications of adopting digital fuel measurement systems. Findings reveal that LIMOSIN significantly improves accuracy, transparency, and traceability but faces adoption barriers due to low perceived ease of use, limited system integration, and institutional constraints typical of SOEs. Strategically, LIMOSIN positions Elnusa Petrofin toward greater client trust and differentiation in B2B logistics. The study contributes theoretical and managerial insights into digital adoption within emerging market SOEs and provides recommendations to strengthen readiness and strategic alignment.

Species Diversity and Microhabitat Adaptation of Selaginella in the Urban Landscape of Malang City

2026-03-08T09:58:00+00:00

Background: Selaginella is an ancient heterosporous lycophyte with a center of diversity in tropical regions and high sensitivity to microhabitat conditions, while urbanization pressure has the potential to trigger habitat fragmentation and environmental filtration that affect the structure of the understory plant community Objective: This study aims to analyze the species diversity and microhabitat response of Selaginella in the urban landscape of Malang City. Methods: The study was conducted descriptively and exploratively in five subdistricts using stratified purposive sampling based on microhabitat type. Species data, morphological characteristics, and microenvironmental parameters (light intensity, temperature, humidity, and soil pH) were analyzed using Simpson's index, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's correlation. Results: The results showed that Selaginella was found at 19 points out of 72 observation points with four species identified and a strong dominance of Selaginella eurynota (D = 0.499; H' = 0.971), while the environmental parameters between microhabitats did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), indicating microclimate homogeneity Conclusion: These findings confirm that community structure is more influenced by microclimate stability and species ecological tolerance than by contrasting abiotic variations, so urban green space management needs to consider habitat heterogeneity to support the sustainability of tropical ferns.

Drama-Theoretic Analysis of Asymmetric Trade Negotiation

2026-03-05T03:51:25+00:00

In relation to the asymmetric trade between Indonesia and the United States, this study examines the dilemmas faced by Indonesia during reciprocal tariff negotiation with the United States which had resulted in seemingly unbalanced outcome. First, this study aims to analyse potential dilemmas that emerge in asymmetric bilateral negotiation. The dilemmas that might occur are dilemma of cooperation, dilemma of trust, dilemma of positioning, dilemma of persuasion, dilemma of rejection, and dilemma of threat. Then, this study uses position-and-threats two-parties negotiation simulation, payoff-matrix analysis to identify the Nash equilibrium, and dilemma analysis to analyse the negotiation dynamics. Next, after the analysis the study shows that in asymmetric bilateral trade negotiation between Indonesia and the United States, Indonesia faces dilemma of trust, dilemma of persuasion, dilemma of rejection and dilemma of threat. These dilemmas were caused by the weaker bargaining position Indonesia has and high reliance on the United States position. Finally, this study suggests that weaker countries like Indonesia to strengthen their Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA) and create stronger coalitions to reduce such dilemmas, which could improve the negotiation outcomes. The recommendations highlight the importance of strong and strategic coalition and better BATNA management strategy to achieve more balanced agreement in future asymmetric negotiation.

From Intention to Behavior in Socially Responsible Investing: Evidence from Young Retail Investors in Indonesia

2026-02-27T06:41:13+00:00

This research investigates the transition from intention to actual behavior in socially responsible investing (SRI) among young retail investors in Indonesia. Drawing on an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the research integrates core TPB constructs—attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control—with financial literacy and environmental concerns as additional predictors, while incorporating risk propensity as a moderating variable. Using survey data collected from 342 Indonesian retail investors, dominated by Generation Z and millennials, the study employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS 4 to examine both direct and indirect relationships among variables. The results reveal that intention toward SRI plays a central mediating role in shaping actual SRI behavior. Attitude and perceived behavioral control significantly influence intention but do not directly translate into behavior, indicating the presence of an attitude–behavior gap. In contrast, subjective norms exert a significant direct effect on both intention and behavior, highlighting the strong role of social influence in emerging market contexts. Financial literacy and environmental concerns are found to significantly affect both intention and behavior, reinforcing the importance of cognitive capacity and pro-environmental orientation in sustainable investment decisions. Moreover, intention significantly mediates the effects of all antecedent variables on SRI behavior. These findings contribute to the SRI literature by providing empirical evidence from an emerging market and underscore the necessity of strengthening intention formation through social norms, sustainable financial literacy, and supportive investment infrastructure to promote responsible investment behavior among young investors.

The Influence of Brand Image and Product Quality on Customer Loyalty of Kopi Kenangan and Fore Coffee in Indonesia

2026-03-05T06:26:05+00:00

The rapid growth of the Indonesian coffee industry has intensified competition among local brands, making product innovation and brand differentiation essential for maintaining customer interest. This study investigates how customer loyalty is influenced by brand image and product quality, with customer satisfaction acting as a mediating variable, and compares these relationships between the two brands. Using a quantitative explanatory approach and Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), data were collected from 312 respondents aged 18–40 who had purchased from either brand in the past three months. All constructs—Brand Image, Product Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Customer Loyalty—were measured reflectively using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed with SmartPLS 4, including mediation testing and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA). The results show that Brand Image and Product Quality significantly and positively affect Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty, while Customer Satisfaction strongly influences Customer Loyalty, confirming its mediating role in line with Expectation-Confirmation Theory (Oliver) and the Customer-Based Brand Equity Model. MGA findings reveal brand-specific patterns: Kopi Kenangan’s loyalty is more strongly driven by Brand Image, emphasizing emotional connection, accessibility, and brand engagement, whereas Fore Coffee’s loyalty is more influenced by Product Quality, reflecting its focus on consistency, sensory experience, and product excellence. Overall, the study confirms that brand image and product quality significantly shape loyalty through satisfaction, with varying strengths across brands, offering practical insights for companies seeking sustainable competitive advantage in Indonesia’s modern coffee market.

Effectiveness of Hospital Management Information Systems in Improving Hospital Efficiency in Indonesia: A Scoping Review

2026-03-05T03:53:48+00:00

Background: Digital transformation in the health sector, including the implementation of Hospital Management Information Systems (HMIS), has become a key factor in improving the efficiency of healthcare services in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of HMIS in enhancing hospital operational efficiency and to identify the factors that support and hinder its implementation.

Method: A scoping review method was employed, analyzing 10 selected articles from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Garuda published between 2018 and 2025. Results: The findings suggest that HMIS has the potential to enhance efficiency by automating administrative processes, integrating data systems, and reducing operational costs. However, its implementation still faces multidimensional challenges, with approximately 80% of issues arising from non-technical factors—such as the absence of standardized operating procedures, limited human resource competencies, and weak management commitment—while the remaining 20% are related to limitations in technical infrastructure. Studies by Waruwu et al. (2024) and Handayani et al. (2018) confirm that human resource training and strong leadership are critical factors for successful implementation. Conclusions: The conclusions of this study emphasize the need for a holistic approach that combines technological improvements, strengthening of human resource capacity, and the implementation of sustainable policies. Policy recommendations include the development of standardized Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), regular training programs, infrastructure improvements, and routine evaluation mechanisms. These findings provide a comprehensive perspective for policymakers to optimize HMIS implementation and enhance hospital efficiency in Indonesia.

Business Strategy of Renewable Energy Project to Enhance Revenue in Business Transition

2025-11-24T03:56:01+00:00

This research is motivated by the increasing urgency of the global energy transition to reduce carbon emissions and expand the use of renewable energy sources. Indonesia’s energy sector is still heavily dominated by fossil fuels, particularly coal, which contributes more than 60% of the country’s electricity generation. This condition highlights the need for business strategies that can support the development of renewable energy while maintaining sustainable corporate revenue during the transition process. Solar energy through Solar Photovoltaic (PV) technology has emerged as a promising alternative due to its rapidly declining technology costs and relatively faster project implementation compared to other renewable energy sources. This study aims to analyze the economic feasibility and business strategies of Solar PV projects in enhancing company revenue during the energy transition, particularly through Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) and Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT) project schemes. The research employs a quantitative approach using financial feasibility analysis methods, including Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PBP). The analysis is further supported by sensitivity analysis and the US Index framework to evaluate the most appropriate financing structure. The results show that the Solar PV project in West Java is financially feasible, with an IRR of 20%, which is higher than the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of 7.38%, and a payback period of approximately 4–5 years. Furthermore, financing through international bank loans provides the most optimal financial performance, generating the highest NPV and the lowest cost of capital.

Physical Stability Test Spray 10% Combination of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rocs.) As a candidate of a substance for the cure of gingivitis

2026-03-08T09:54:04+00:00

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) and ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, making them potential natural alternative therapies for the treatment of gingivitis. Although their biological effectiveness has been proven, the physical stability of this combination spray preparation has not yet been evaluated. The spray formulation was chosen because it is practical, provides even distribution, and minimises contamination. To determine the effect of physical stability testing of a 10% VCO-ginger spray combination as a candidate material for the treatment of gingivitis. Laboratory experimental research was conducted by creating five formulations (F1-F5). Stable formulations were subjected to a cycling test and physical stability evaluation, including organoleptic testing, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion. Data analysis was performed descriptively. Formulation F5 showed the best physical characteristics with a milky white colour, a distinctive coconut-ginger smell, a homogeneous liquid texture, a pH of 6.019-6.823, a spreadability of 5.0-6.1 cm, an adhesion of 19.27-29.72 seconds, and a viscosity of 346.7-692.8 cP. Formulation F5 has physical performance potential as a candidate for gingivitis therapy, but its emulsion stability is limited under extreme temperature conditions. Optimisation of surfactant concentration is required to prevent viscosity reduction and phase separation during long-term storage.

Implementation of the Health Operational Assistance Fund (BOK) at the Pasundan Community Health Center in Samarinda City

2026-03-18T03:29:14+00:00

Implementation of Health Operational Assistance Fund (BOK) at the Pasundan Health Center, Samarinda City under the guidance of Prof. Dr.H.Masjaya, M.Si as supervisor I and Daryono, M.Si., Ph.D as supervisor II. This study aims to examine the implementation of the Health Operational Assistance Fund (BOK) at the Pasundan Health Center in Samarinda City and identify supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The results of the study show that the implementation of the BOK Fund has not been optimal. The budget absorption for the 2021-2024 period did not reach 100% and the implementation of activities is still constrained by administrative aspects, limited human resources, and ineffective reporting and evaluation systems. Supporting factors are in the form of clear regulations and implementation commitments, while inhibiting factors include disbursement delays, coordination that has not been maximized, and high workload. This study emphasizes the need to improve the quality of planning, coordination effectiveness, and strengthening utilization and evaluation to increase the effectiveness of the use of BOK Funds in supporting basic health services.

Marketing Strategy Proposal for Mitra Balita Sejahtera as a Means to Compete in the Mom & Baby Industry

2026-03-05T06:28:13+00:00

This study proposes a comprehensive marketing strategy for Mitra Balita Sejahtera (MBS) to strengthen competitiveness in the fast-growing mom and baby industry. As digital transformation accelerates and customer expectations shift, MBS faces challenges related to declining online sales, increasing competition, and changing consumer behavior. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates quantitative survey data and qualitative secondary data to analyze both internal capabilities and external market dynamics. Internal analysis through STP, Marketing Mix 7Ps, and VRIO reveals strengths such as a curated product assortment and strong offline credibility, alongside weaknesses in digital marketing capability, operational systems, and reliance on a single marketplace. External assessment using PESTEL and Porter’s Five Forces highlights opportunities driven by e-commerce growth, digital adoption, and supportive SME policies, but also threats from intense price competition, platform dependency, and rapidly shifting consumer trends. These insights are synthesized using SWOT and further developed into a TOWS matrix to formulate strategic alternatives. The proposed strategy emphasizes diversifying sales channels, enhancing digital marketing through social media and influencer collaboration, improving customer experience via better inventory and service quality, and leveraging partnerships to build long-term competitiveness. The study concludes that MBS must adopt an integrated, adaptive, and data-driven marketing strategy to sustain performance in a dynamic environment while continuously developing capabilities for future growth.

The Relationship Between Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) Intake and Cognitive Function in Psychiatric Patients with Depressive Disorders

2026-03-05T06:20:14+00:00

Disturbance depressive is a mental health disorder that is often associated with cognitive decline. Nutrition, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake, is thought to play a role in maintaining brain health and cognitive function. However, evidence of a link between PUFA intake and cognitive function as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Indonesian version (MoCA-Ina), in patients with depressive disorders remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between PUFA intake and cognitive function in psychiatric patients with depressive disorders. This was an analytical study using secondary data from patients with depressive disorders at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Diponegoro National Hospital, Banyumanik Hospital 1, and Elisabeth Hospital Semarang from May 2022 to 2023. The study included patients aged 18–60 years who were diagnosed with depressive disorders, had completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and MoCA-Ina assessments, and had no serious physical illness or metabolic syndrome. The analysis used the Spearman correlation test to assess the relationship between PUFA intake and cognitive function, as well as the Mann–Whitney test for comparisons based on PUFA intake categories. A total of 30 patients with depressive disorders were included, of whom 83.3% were female, with a mean age of 26.03 years. The mean PUFA intake was 6.31 grams, and the mean MoCA-Ina score was 27.67. The Spearman test showed no significant association between PUFA intake and cognitive function (p = 0.790). There was no significant relationship between PUFA intake and cognitive function in patients with depressive disorders.

Intravenous Anesthesia in a Rare Pediatric Patient with Poland Syndrome: Case Report

2026-02-27T07:23:45+00:00

Poland syndrome (PS) is a very rare congenital anomaly characterized by hypoplasia or aplasia of the pectoral muscles and mammary hypoplasia and is associated with anomalies in the ipsilateral region of the body. Poland syndrome can increase the risk of developing intraoperative malignant hyperthermia; hence, special consideration is needed in the management of anesthesia in these patients. We report herein the management of general anesthesia for syndactyly release surgery in a child with Poland syndrome. A 1-year- and 11-month-old boy with Poland syndrome was scheduled to undergo manus dextra interphalangeal syndactyly release surgery under total intravenous general anesthesia using midazolam (0.1 mg/kg body weight), fentanyl (2 mcg/kg), and atracurium (0.5 mg/kg body weight) as induction agents, with maintenance using midazolam (0.3 mg/kg/h). Anesthesia can be performed at this age to prevent contractures and deformities and to avoid functional abnormalities. The anesthesia lasted 120 min with intraoperatively stable hemodynamics. After the operation, the patient was treated in a regular ward and discharged after 2 days of treatment. The use of total intravenous anesthesia with midazolam in children with Poland syndrome for the surgical release of manus dextra interphalangeal syndactyly is a good option and is also clinically beneficial.

The Impact of Corporate Sustainability Initiatives and Public Governance on Corporate Carbon Performance: A Case Study of Companies in ASEAN Countries

2026-03-05T06:37:08+00:00

This study examines the impact of Corporate Sustainability Initiatives (CSI) and Public Governance on corporate carbon performance in ASEAN countries. The research focuses on internal sustainability initiatives represented by green innovation and resource efficiency, as well as external governance factors measured by regulatory quality and government effectiveness. Using a quantitative approach, this study analyzes companies operating in the energy, materials, and industrial sectors across Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines. Secondary data were obtained from Refinitiv Eikon and the Worldwide Governance Indicators, and the relationships among variables were tested using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings indicate that resource efficiency has a positive and significant effect on corporate carbon performance, highlighting the importance of operational efficiency in reducing carbon emissions. In contrast, green innovation does not show a significant effect, suggesting that green innovation in ASEAN firms tends to be symbolic rather than transformational. Furthermore, government effectiveness demonstrates a significant negative relationship with carbon intensity, implying that more effective governance is associated with better carbon performance. Regulatory quality, however, does not show a significant effect. Firm size positively affects carbon performance, while leverage shows no significant effect. Overall, the results emphasize that improving corporate carbon performance in ASEAN requires a combination of substantive internal sustainability initiatives and effective public governance. This study contributes to the sustainability and governance literature by providing empirical evidence from a developing regional context and offers practical insights policymakers and corporate managers in designing effective strategies to achieve carbon reduction goals.

The Urgency of Integrating Healthy Cities Policy Within Health Transformation in Indonesia

2026-03-18T03:30:29+00:00

Contemporary health development in Indonesia demands a paradigmatic shift from curative-centric focus toward strengthening promotive and preventive measures through regional-based approaches. This article aims to analyze the implementation of Healthy Cities (KKS) and formulate a strategic integration model into the National Health Transformation agenda. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical design with a literature-based policy study method, this research evaluated national policy documents, regional reports from Boyolali Regency and South Tangerang City, and Scopus-indexed international literature. Analysis indicates that while KKS has contributed to improved sanitation access and Green Open Space (RTH), implementation remains fragmented due to weak intersectoral policy coherence and limited performance indicators. As a solution, this study proposes "5 Pillars of Integration" encompassing intersectoral governance, healthy environment, healthy lifestyle behavior, promotive-preventive systems, and community participation. This synthesis demonstrates that KKS must be positioned as an upstream platform supporting the success of Pillar 1 (Primary Care) and Pillar 5 (Health Resilience) in health transformation. In conclusion, strengthening KKS through multi-level governance frameworks is crucial for creating resilient and sustainable health systems at the local level.

The Collaborative Role of Stakeholders in the Policy to Stop Open Defecation in Petamburan Subdistrict, Central Jakarta

2026-03-05T06:18:02+00:00

Sanitation remains a critical public health challenge in densely populated urban areas of Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the role of stakeholders, particularly in Petamburan Village, DKI Jakarta Province, in implementing the Stop Open Defecation (SBS) policy. The method used is qualitative, employing 1) an observation approach, including both direct and indirect observations, and 2) a literature review of policies and references related to Stop Open Defecation (SBS). The results of this research are expected to serve as a reference for enhancing collaboration among stakeholders in harmonizing policy implementation, particularly in preventing open defecation, to achieve a clean, healthy, and comfortable environment for residents. This study concludes that the problem of open defecation in Petamburan is systemic, requiring integrated multi-stakeholder interventions. Collaboration among government, community, and the private sector remains suboptimal, often characterized by top-down approaches without fully leveraging citizen participation. Key contributing factors include limited land availability, economic constraints, and low levels of sanitation education.

Factors Affecting Cold Chain Logistics Performance with Supply Chain Resilience as a Mediating Variable

2026-02-27T06:22:39+00:00

This research aims to analyze the influence of demand, quality, technology, and cold chain logistics risks on supply chain resilience and its impact on cold chain logistics performance, including the role of supply chain resilience as a mediating variable. The study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method targeting stakeholders in the cold chain logistics industry, with data analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that demand, quality, and technology have a positive effect on supply chain resilience, whereas cold chain logistics risks have no significant effect. Supply chain resilience is proven to have a positive and significant effect on cold chain logistics performance and mediates the influence of demand, quality, and technology on performance, while mediation through the risk variable is not supported. Additionally, technology and cold chain logistics risks have a direct effect on cold chain logistics performance. These findings confirm that improving cold chain logistics performance is more effectively achieved by strengthening supply chain resilience through robust demand management, consistent quality systems, and the application of technology. This conclusion can serve as a basis for managerial decision-making and cold chain logistics policy development..