Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies

Drivers of Indonesia's Foreign Exchange Reserves and Their Linkage to USD Liquidity: Evidence From A Macro-Financial Ols Model

2026-04-02T05:53:10+00:00

Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves are an important shield to maintain currency stability and protect the country's financial system. In recent years, changes in global interest rates, commodity prices, capital movements, and local financial conditions have made it difficult to manage these reserves. These changes create important questions for policymakers about which macro-financial factors have the strongest impact on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves and how they relate to the USD's liquidity in the domestic interbank market. This study was conducted on the assumption that foreign exchange reserves and interbank USD liquidity respond simultaneously to domestic financial conditions and global financial macro turmoil. Based on the international financial literature, this study develops the proposition that domestic market yields, global dollar strength, financial stress indicators, commodity cycles, and external sector performance together determine the monthly dynamics of Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves and USD liquidity. The analysis applied multivariate Ordinary Least Squares to monthly macrofinancial data from 2010 to 2024, preceded by stationarity testing, multicollinearity diagnostics, and residual evaluation. The results show that Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves are heavily influenced by long-term domestic yields, global USD indices, interbank liquidity conditions, export performance, US inflation, and global dollar funding stress. Interbank USD liquidity is attributed to trade balances, domestic and global yields, consumer confidence, retail activity, MSCI equity performance, global commodity cycles, and United States corporate credit conditions. This research provides a data-driven starting point that can support the development of more responsive policy instruments to protect Indonesia's external stability.

The Correlation Between Arterial and Venous Diameters in Chronic Kidney Failure Patients and the Success of Functional Maturation of the Brachiocephalic AV Fistula in Patients with and Without Diabetes Mellitus

2026-04-02T05:59:31+00:00

Various factors influence the success of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation, including vascular anatomical conditions, intraoperative hemodynamics, comorbidities, and arterial and venous diameters. In patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), vascular changes such as venous intimal hyperplasia and arterial atherosclerosis play a crucial role in determining AVF functional maturity. This study aims to analyze the correlation between arterial and venous diameters and the success of AVF functional maturity in patients with chronic kidney failure, both with and without diabetes mellitus. This study employed a retrospective cohort design conducted at the vascular surgery department of RSCM, with data collected retrospectively from 2022 to 2025. Data analysis began with normality testing using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Shapiro-Wilk test. Descriptive statistics were used to present demographic and clinical characteristics. Bivariate analysis was performed using Pearson or Spearman correlation tests depending on data distribution. Arterial and venous diameters significantly influenced AVF functional maturity (p < 0.05). Patients with mature AVFs had larger arterial diameters (median 3.8 mm) compared to immature AVFs (3.5 mm), and significantly larger venous diameters (2.8 mm vs 2.15 mm). In DM patients, arterial diameter did not significantly affect AVF maturity (p > 0.05), whereas venous diameter showed a significant effect (p < 0.05). A strong negative correlation was observed between vein diameter and immature AVF incidence (r = -0.708; p < 0.05). Venous diameter is a significant determinant of AVF functional maturity, particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus, while arterial diameter shows limited influence in this group.

The Implications of Intellectual Property Utilization on Product Innovation in MSMEs

2026-03-27T08:58:48+00:00

The growth of product innovation in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector is greatly influenced by the utilization of intellectual property rights (IPR) as an instrument of protection and competitive advantage. IPR provides legal protection for creative and innovative outputs, allowing MSME actors to enhance added value, expand markets, and reduce the risk of intellectual property infringement. However, the utilization of IPR by MSMEs in Indonesia still faces various obstacles, including limited outreach, high registration costs, and weak legal enforcement. This article analyzes the implications of IPR utilization on MSME product innovation in Indonesia based on case studies, national literature, and comparisons with international practices. The research method used is a qualitative approach, utilizing interviews, observations, documentation, and literature studies to gather data. Research findings show that increasing IPR literacy and improving access to legal protection can encourage product innovation while enhancing competitiveness and the contribution of MSMEs to the national economy. In conclusion, this study highlights the crucial role of IPR in fostering innovation and competitiveness in the MSME sector, while also emphasizing the need for improved education, simplified registration processes, and stronger government support to overcome existing barriers.

Analysis of Waste Material Using Lean Construction and Fault Tree Analysis Approaches

2026-03-30T04:54:00+00:00

This research analyzes waste material in construction projects using Lean Construction and Fault Tree Analysis approaches. The study was conducted on three building projects: Building X in Makassar, Building Y in Batam, and Building Z in Kediri. The objectives are to estimate waste cost from material waste during structural and architectural work, identify the highest waste material indicators, and determine optimization strategies to improve waste cost efficiency. The Waste Assessment Model method was used to identify waste variables, while Fault Tree Analysis was employed to determine root causes and calculate the probability of waste occurrence. Data collection was conducted through direct field observations, interviews with contractors, and questionnaires. Results showed that waste costs in Building X project amounted to Rp. 1,371,690,630 (4.93% of contract value), Building Y project Rp. 1,434,910,750 (3.75% of contract value), and Building Z project Rp. 1,573,029,639 (3.36% of contract value). Waste Assessment Model analysis revealed three critical waste types across all projects: Defects (19.95-20.09%), Overproduction (18.19-18.32%), and Inventory (16.16-16.27%). Fault Tree Analysis identified that the highest probability variable causing waste material was A1 "Human or Group Failure" (0.6066-0.6565), while the lowest was C2 "Storage Capacity and Method" (0.3040-0.3623). This research provides strategies for waste cost efficiency through identification of dominant causes and probability calculations of waste occurrence.

Prostatic Artery Embolization is Similarly Efficacious to Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) with a Better Safety Outcome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2026-04-15T09:38:36+00:00

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent condition affecting over 50% of men aged 60 years and older, often leading to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) that significantly reduce quality of life. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains the standard treatment for moderate to severe BPH; however, it is associated with notable complications. Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative with potential advantages in safety and recovery. This study aims to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of PAE and TURP in treating BPH, focusing on symptom improvement, prostate volume reduction, hospital stay duration, and adverse events. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect up to May 3, 2025. Studies comparing PAE and TURP reporting outcomes such as IPSS, prostate volume, length of stay, and adverse events were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted using the RoB-2 tool, while statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4. The findings revealed a non-significant trend favoring PAE in improving IPSS scores (mean difference -2.71, p=0.12) and reducing prostate volume (mean difference -9.62 mL, p=0.08). However, PAE significantly reduced hospital stay duration (mean difference -1.52 days, p<0.0001) and showed a lower risk of severe adverse events (relative risk 0.37, p=0.05) compared to TURP. In conclusion, PAE demonstrates comparable effectiveness to TURP with improved safety and shorter hospitalization, making it a promising minimally invasive alternative.

Analysis of the Implementation of Financial Accounting Standards Statement (PSAK) 117 Concerning Insurance Contracts for Social Security Funds Managed by Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan

2026-04-04T05:33:39+00:00

This research analyzes the implementation of Financial Accounting Standards Statement (PSAK) 117 on insurance contracts within the Social Security Fund (DJS) managed by BPJS Kesehatan, focusing on the conceptual and technical challenges that arise from the fundamental differences between social insurance schemes and the commercial insurance model. Using a qualitative approach grounded in regulatory review, academic literature, and BPJS Kesehatan’s technical documents, this research examines twelve critical issues of PSAK 117 relevant to the National Health Insurance (JKN)program, including the definition of insurance contracts, contract boundaries, measurement models, risk adjustment, and the relevance of the Contractual Service Margin (CSM). The analysis shows that the legal relationship between participants and BPJS Kesehatan meets the contractual criteria stipulated in PSAK 117; however, its practical application requires adjustments to align with the characteristics of social insurance. Key challenges include the need for more granular actuarial data, the establishment of fulfillment cash flows that reflect collective population risk, and the misalignment of the CSM concept with a program that is not designed to generate profit. This study concludes that the implementation of PSAK 117 enhances transparency and accountability in financial reporting while simultaneously demanding stronger institutional capacity within BPJS Kesehatan and the development of tailored accounting guidelines for social security entities to ensure alignment between accounting standards, the mandate of the National Social Security System (SJSN), and the long-term sustainability of the DJS Kesehatan program.

The Relationship Between Sodium (Na⁺), Potassium (K⁺), and Chloride (Cl⁻) Electrolyte Disorders and Clinical Conditions in Elderly Patients in the Emergency Room of Yarsi Hospital for the Period January to December 2023

2026-04-05T18:12:23+00:00

Elderly patients are prone to electrolyte balance disorders due to aging, decreased organ function, hormonal changes, and high comorbidities. Imbalances of sodium, potassium, and chloride can affect neurological, muscle, and cardiovascular function, thus contributing to clinical instability in the emergency room. This study is an observational study of cross-cutting design analysis based on secondary data of medical records. The subject is an elderly patient (≥60 years old) who underwent an electrolyte examination at the Yarsi Hospital Emergency Room for the January-December 2023 period. Of the 1,730 visits, 315 patients met the inclusion criteria. The variables analyzed included sodium, potassium, chloride levels, as well as characteristics of age, sex, and clinical condition upon admission. Univariate and bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test. The majority of subjects were early elderly women. Hyponatremia is the most frequent disorder, followed by hypokalemia and hypochloremia. A total of 53% of patients experienced one electrolyte disorder, 36.2% two disorders, and 10.8% three disorders at once. The most common clinical conditions are low intake, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, infection, CVDNH, and vomiting. The Chi-Square test showed a significant association between clinical conditions and sodium (p=0.029), potassium (p=0.038), and chloride (p=0.027) impairments. Electrolyte disorders in the elderly in the emergency room are significantly related to the patient's clinical condition. Hyponatremia is most dominant and is associated with poor intake, chronic kidney disease, infections, and diabetes.

Robot-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Literature Review of Accuracy, Complications, Cost-Effectiveness, and Clinical Outcomes

2026-03-30T04:41:36+00:00

Background: Conventional Total Knee Arthroplasty (C-TKA) still faces challenges with high patient dissatisfaction rates, often linked to malalignment. Robot-Assisted TKA (RA-TKA) was developed to improve surgical precision. Despite its rapid adoption, there are conflicting findings regarding its advantages over C-TKA, along with concerns about cost and the learning curve. Objective: This literature review aims to comprehensively analyze and compare RA-TKA with C-TKA, focusing on four domains: (1) surgical accuracy and alignment; (2) complication rates; (3) cost-effectiveness; and (4) clinical outcomes. Findings: The review found that RA-TKA consistently demonstrates superior accuracy in restoring the mechanical axis (HKA) and coronal alignment, significantly reducing the number of outliers. RA-TKA also facilitates dynamic soft tissue balancing. However, findings regarding sagittal plane accuracy (e.g., tibial slope) remain contradictory across different robotic platforms. RA-TKA consistently requires longer operative times, especially during the learning curve, and introduces new technical risks such as pin failure and pin-site fractures. While the risk of major complications (e.g., PJI) is comparable, RA-TKA shows a lower risk of postoperative stiffness (arthrofibrosis). Evidence on mid-term revision rates remains inconclusive. Cost-effectiveness analysis shows that the high initial capital cost necessitates a very high procedural volume to achieve cost efficiency. Conclusion: RA-TKA offers clear advantages in coronal alignment precision but is offset by high costs, longer operative times, and specific robotic complications.

Opportunistic Related Party Transactions Practices: A Comparative Study on Different Ownership Structures in Indonesia's Energy Sector

2026-04-02T05:55:19+00:00

This study examines opportunistic behavior in Related Party Transactions (RPT) across six Indonesian energy companies with varying ownership structures (state-owned, family- owned, and foreign-owned) during 2019–2023. The research employs an evaluative case study approach combined with thematic content analysis supported by NVivo. The results reveal substantial variation in tunneling and propping patterns across ownership types. Highly concentrated family-owned firms exhibit aggressive tunneling through extreme dividend extraction of 49–76% during the windfall profit period (2022–2023), while state- owned enterprises demonstrate minimal tunneling (1–2.3 on a 0–21 scale) and strong propping during financial distress (2020–2021). These patterns are elastic to external shocks, as reflected in tunneling–propping ratio shifts from 70:30 (pre-pandemic 2019), 46:54 (pandemic 2020–2021), to 84:16 (commodity boom 2022–2023). Internal factor analysis identifies ownership concentration as the primary driver of opportunistic behavior; however, its impact varies depending on ownership type and external enforcement strength. Formal governance mechanisms including Big-4 audits, 86% board independence, and compliance with POJK 42/2020 are insufficient to curb tunneling when controlling shareholders are dominant, whereas government oversight in state-owned enterprises proves more effective than internal governance mechanisms. The findings suggest that regulatory remedies must address the underlying control–ownership divergence, with recommendations including strengthened fairness opinion standards, enhanced monitoring during windfall periods, and codified dividend policy constraints for state-owned energy companies.

Green HRM and Leadership Impact on Green Voice Behavior: Job Embeddedness as Mediator

2026-04-15T09:37:35+00:00

Employee participation is a crucial aspect of company operations that can influence corporate policies and decisions. Trade unions, as organizations representing workers, play a vital role in voicing workers' concerns and mediating the relationship between employees and the company. This research aims to examine the impact of green human resource management and green servant leadership on green voice behavior, with job embeddedness as a mediator. Data were collected through questionnaires completed by 247 trade union members in Indonesia, including both leaders and members. The questionnaires utilized a 7-point Likert scale. A quantitative research approach was applied, employing Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to analyze the relationships between variables. The results indicate that green human resource management and green servant leadership have a significant and positive impact on green voice behavior. Furthermore, job embeddedness mediates the relationship between green human resource management and green servant leadership on green voice behavior. Based on these findings, companies are encouraged to develop environmentally focused human resource policies and for leaders to adopt environmentally conscious principles to motivate employees to voice opinions, ideas, and suggestions centered on environmental sustainability.

Post-Mining Land Restoration from an Environmental Fiqh Perspective (A Case Study of PT. Ang and Fang Brother's Mining Excavation in Morowali Regency)

2026-03-31T23:34:08+00:00

This study examines post-mining land restoration from the perspective of environmental fiqh, focusing on a case study of PT. Ang and Fang Brother (PT. AFB) in Morowali Regency, Indonesia. Mining activities significantly contribute to economic growth but also generate severe environmental degradation, including soil damage, water pollution, and ecosystem disruption. Although regulatory frameworks exist, their implementation often remains ineffective due to technical, financial, and governance constraints. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how environmental fiqh principles can strengthen post-mining restoration practices and enhance ecological sustainability. This research employs a qualitative approach using field research methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with company representatives and affected local communities, as well as documentation analysis of relevant policies and reports. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal a significant gap between restoration planning and field implementation. While PT. AFB has established reclamation programs, issues such as poorly maintained revegetation, abandoned mining pits, and limited community involvement persist. Environmental fiqh principles, including hifzh al-bi’ah, islah al-ardh, and ihya al-mawat, are found to align with national regulations and provide a strong ethical foundation for restoration. In conclusion, integrating environmental fiqh into post-mining policies can enhance moral responsibility, strengthen community participation, and support sustainable land restoration.

Agroforestry as a Policy Instrument for Enhancing Sustainability of Public Green Open Spaces: Integrating MSA-ISM

2026-04-03T15:34:41+00:00

Rapid urban expansion has intensified pressure on public green open spaces and reduced the ecological functions of urban landscapes. Urban agroforestry has increasingly been recognized as a relevant nature-based approach, as it reinforces ecological functions, enhances community well-being, and optimizes the multifunctionality of public green open spaces amid urbanization pressures. However, its sustainability and policy implications in limited urban public green spaces remain insufficiently explored. This study aims to develop evidence-based policy priorities for managing limited and spatially fragmented public green open spaces by integrating agroforestry as a core policy component through the combination of Multi-Aspect Sustainability Analysis (MSA) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). The method employed is a combination of Multi-Aspect Sustainability Analysis and Interpretive Structural Modeling to assess the sustainability of urban agroforestry systems. A sustainability index of 51.84% indicated a moderately sustainable condition, with strong performance in ecological, social, and infrastructure dimensions but weaker outcomes in economic and legal–institutional aspects. Key drivers included consumer dependence on agroforestry products, the availability of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for urban agroforestry management, and the economic value of agroforestry products (vegetables, fruits, timber, honey, livestock). The findings highlight the necessity of integrated, adaptive, and evidence-based policies to ensure the long-term sustainability of urban agroforestry systems and enhance the quality of public green open spaces.

The Impact of Perceived Value, Trust and the Mediating Role of Purchase Intention on ChatGPT Purchase Decisions

2025-12-15T06:55:59+00:00

This study investigated how perceived value and trust influence purchase intention and purchase decision for paid ChatGPT subscriptions. A quantitative survey was conducted among users who have used ChatGPT and subscribed to GPT Go, Plus, or Pro, using non-probability purposive sampling. The data were analysed with multiple linear regression and a mediation test. The findings show that perceived value and trust both have positive effects on purchase intention. Perceived value and purchase intention also have positive effects on purchase decision, whereas the direct effect of trust on purchase decision is not significant. Furthermore, purchase intention mediates the relationships between perceived value and purchase decision and between trust and purchase decision. These results indicate that users’ evaluations of value and trust toward ChatGPT primarily operate by strengthening their intention to subscribe, which then translates into actual subscription behaviour. The study extends value-based adoption and trust perspectives by connecting them to actual subscription decisions for a generative AI service and offers practical guidance for AI service providers on how to design and communicate value propositions and trust-building mechanisms that effectively convert intention into subscription.

Academic Supervision Management in Improving Teacher Performance at SDN Pekojan 05 and Kalideres 03 in West Jakartaq

2026-03-31T23:34:52+00:00

Academic supervision is a strategic agenda in improving the quality of learning in elementary schools. Teachers, as the spearhead of education, need systematic assistance so that their performance continues to improve. This study aims to describe POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling)-based academic supervision management carried out by school principals in improving teacher performance at SDN Pekojan 05 and SDN Kalideres 03 in West Jakarta. The research method used a qualitative approach with a case study design, employing observation, interviews, and documentation studies involving school principals, teachers, and school supervisors. The results show that academic supervision planning is not yet fully based on the actual needs of teachers; organization remains relatively simple, with the principal playing a dominant role; implementation tends to be formal and administrative, characterized by one-way communication; and supervision focuses more on administrative compliance than on substantive guidance. Limited time, resources, and instruments were the main constraints; however, there was a commitment from the principals to maintain the continuity of supervision. The research conclusion emphasizes that the application of POAC has the potential to strengthen collaboration, accountability, and the effectiveness of academic supervision when accompanied by participatory planning, a structured supervision team, dialogical implementation, and continuous evaluation. It is hoped that this research will contribute to the development of more adaptive, reflective, and sustainable academic supervision policies and practices to improve teacher performance and the quality of learning in elementary schools.

Corpus Development and Pos Tagging Evaluation for Riau Malay Dialect Using Hidden Markov Model in A Low-Resource Setting

2026-04-14T08:53:07+00:00

Natural Language Processing (NLP) plays a crucial role in enabling machines to process and understand human language. One of the fundamental tasks in NLP is Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging, which serves as the foundation for various downstream applications such as parsing, information extraction, and machine translation. However, the development of POS tagging models for low-resource languages remains a significant challenge due to the limited availability of annotated corpora. This study aims to develop a POS-tagged corpus for Bahasa Melayu Dialek Riau (BMDR) and evaluate the performance of a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) as a baseline approach for POS tagging. The dataset consists of approximately 600 sentences with around 10,000 tokens, which were manually annotated and validated using Inter-Annotator Agreement. The annotated corpus was then divided into training and testing sets with a ratio of 80:20. Experimental results show that the HMM model achieved an accuracy of 86.8%, with precision, recall, and F1-score values of 85.9%, 85.3%, and 85.6%, respectively. The results indicate that HMM remains a competitive approach for POS tagging in low-resource language settings. Error analysis reveals that lexical ambiguity, Out-of-Vocabulary (OOV) words, and limited training data are the primary factors affecting model performance. This research contributes by providing the first annotated POS corpus for BMDR, evaluating the effectiveness of HMM in a low-resource context, and offering insights into linguistic challenges in regional languages. Future work may explore larger datasets and advanced deep learning models to improve tagging performance.

The Effect of Green Bond Issuance on the Cost of Capital of Stated Owned Banks in Indonesia

2026-04-04T06:44:31+00:00

This study examines the impact of green bond issuance on capital costs in Indonesian state-owned banks, focusing on whether green bonds reduce the cost of debt (CoD), cost of equity (CoE), and weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the issuing bank. This study uses PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk (BNI) as the treated firm and PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk (BTN) as the control firm, employing a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) methodology. The analysis is based on 16 quarters of data, comprising 8 quarters prior to and 8 quarters following BNI’s green bond issuance in 2022, covering the period from 2020Q2 to 2024Q2. The empirical findings indicate that the issuance of green bonds does not significantly lower BNI’s CoD, CoE, or WACC. The treatment effect on CoD is positive and not significant, indicating a lack of debt-pricing advantage. The treatment effect on CoE is negative but not significant, suggesting no substantial change in equity investors’ required returns. Additionally, the treatment effect on WACC is slightly positive and statistically not significant. The findings indicate that the Indonesian financial market has not incorporated the sustainability attributes of green bonds into the capital costs of issuers. Factors including the nascent state of Indonesia’s green finance ecosystem, limited involvement from global ESG-focused investors, transitional issuance expenses, and volatility associated with COVID-19 may contribute to these outcomes. This study adds to the existing literature by presenting empirical evidence from an emerging market. It points out the necessity for enhanced disclosure, increased investor engagement.

The Effect of the “Course Review Horay” Cooperative Learning Model on the Mathematical Understanding of Fourth-Grade Students at Demakijo 1 Public Elementary School

2026-03-27T08:34:45+00:00

Mathematics learning in elementary schools often emphasizes procedural memorization rather than conceptual understanding, leading to students’ difficulties in grasping fundamental mathematical concepts such as multiplication and division. This condition highlights the need for innovative learning models that actively engage students and foster deeper understanding. This research aims to analyze the effect of the Course Review Horay cooperative learning model on the mathematical understanding of fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Demakijo 1 in multiplication and division material. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design of a nonequivalent control group design. The research sample consisted of one experimental class treated with the Course Review Horay model and one control class using the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) model, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through a mathematical understanding test in the form of a pretest and posttest, then analyzed using a t-test after fulfilling the prerequisite tests for analysis. The results showed that the Course Review Horay model had a significant effect on students' mathematical understanding, with a significance value of 0.006 (< 0.05). This model is effective in improving students' abilities to explain concepts, connect mathematical ideas, and solve mathematical problems. The Course Review Horay cooperative learning model is effective in enhancing elementary school students' mathematical understanding. This model can serve as an alternative learning strategy to improve the quality of mathematics instruction, particularly in multiplication and division topics.

Bank Customer Churn Prediction Using a Hybrid Ensemble Soft Voting Approach Based on Tabnet and XGBOOST

2026-03-27T08:25:22+00:00

In an increasingly competitive banking industry, the ability to predict potential customer churn is a strategic factor in maintaining business profitability and sustainability. Churn has a direct impact on a bank’s revenue and operational efficiency; therefore, a prediction model is needed that is not only accurate but also stable and adaptive to variations in customer data. This study proposes a hybrid ensemble soft voting approach based on TabNet and XGBoost to improve the performance and robustness of churn prediction. TabNet, with its sequential attention mechanism, can selectively identify important features, while XGBoost excels at handling nonlinear relationships and controlling overfitting through gradient boosting regularization. The two models are combined using a probability-based soft voting mechanism to produce more balanced and consistent predictions. To address class imbalance, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) was applied so that the data distribution is more proportional and churn patterns can be better represented. The experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves optimal performance, with an accuracy of 96.74%, precision of 90.09%, recall of 89.53%, and an F1-score of 89.81%. These values indicate that the model is able to maintain a balance between accurate churn detection and the minimization of misclassification. This hybrid ensemble soft voting approach has proven to be superior to single models in terms of predictive stability and generalization capability, making it an effective framework to support data-driven customer retention strategies in the banking sector.

The Relationship Between Perforator Vein and Great Saphenous Vein Reflux with Leg Pigmentation in Patients with Chronic Venous Disease (Ceap C3 and C4)

2026-04-05T18:07:21+00:00

Leg pigmentation is an important manifestation of chronic venous disease (CVD) due to long-term venous hypertension. Perforator vein and saphenous vein reflux are thought to play a major role in these skin changes. This prospective cross-sectional study involved 40 patients with CVD CEAP C3–C4 who underwent Doppler ultrasound examination at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) and Hermina Hospital in Depok between August and October 2025. Perforator vein and saphenous vein reflux were assessed using Doppler ultrasound, while pigmentation was assessed using the Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Cockett perforator vein reflux was found in 17 patients (42.5%) and Boyd in 6 patients (15.0%). Saphenous vein reflux was found in almost all patients, with a distribution: SFJ 100%, mid-thigh 95.0%, lower thigh 82.5%, upper knee 70.0%, and lower knee 57.5%. Cockett and Boyd perforator reflux were significantly associated with the incidence of pigmentation (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, saphenous vein reflux in the upper knee segment was significantly associated with pigmentation (p = 0.020; aOR 10.24; 95% CI 1.445–72.57), as was prolonged standing (p = 0.032; aOR 6.54; 95% CI 1.17–36.52). Perforator vein reflux and saphenous vein reflux were significantly associated with the incidence of leg pigmentation in patients with chronic venous disease CEAP C3 and C4.

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Immigration Violations: A Case Study of 5 Indian Nationals Working on Visitor Visas in Jakarta

2026-04-14T08:46:33+00:00

The misuse of visit stay permits for work by foreign nationals is a problem that has the potential to negatively impact the economic sector, particularly the collection of Immigration Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP). This study aims to comprehensively analyze immigration violations and their enforcement against foreign nationals using a cost-benefit analysis approach. This study uses a case study of five Indian citizens working using visit stay permits in Jakarta. This study uses qualitative and quantitative approaches, collecting data from several sources, including analysis of policy documents, data on foreign nationals involved, and calculations of the resulting costs and benefits. The analysis shows that law enforcement is not yet effective enough against violators because it still causes economic impacts (losses in immigration non-tax revenue). Meanwhile, the only benefits obtained are forced removal of foreign nationals from Indonesian territory (deportation) due to immigration violations. This study recommends an immigration law enforcement strategy that emphasizes imposing costs on foreign nationals who violate their stay permits as an effort to recover the losses in immigration non-tax revenue. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for policymakers in formulating more effective and sustainable immigration policies.

Tax Treatment Analysis of Supply Chain and Distributor Transactions at a Nestlé Distributor Company in Manokwari Regency

2026-03-31T23:51:25+00:00

This study examines the tax treatment of supply chain transactions involving distributor incentives in a Nestlé distributor company in Manokwari Regency. In modern trading practices, manufacturers frequently provide rewards such as bonuses, discounts, cashback, free goods, and service fees to stimulate sales performance. However, these incentives often create complexity in accounting recognition and taxation, particularly for distributors acting as intermediaries. This study aims to analyze how such reward transactions should be properly recorded and treated for taxation purposes in accordance with Indonesian tax regulations. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach using primary data collected through participant observation, in-depth discussions, and documentation of financial and tax records at CV Aditya Citra Persada. The findings indicate that different forms of rewards generate distinct tax consequences, including obligations related to Income Tax Article 23, final income tax, and Value Added Tax (VAT). The study also reveals that prior misclassification of reward transactions as deposits led to inaccuracies in tax reporting, while improved recognition as income has enhanced compliance and reporting accuracy. In conclusion, proper alignment between accounting treatment and tax regulations is essential to ensure compliance and minimize fiscal risks. Distributors must adopt accurate transaction recording and clear contractual arrangements to support consistent and lawful tax reporting practices.

Immunomodulatory Potential of Curcuma longa Extract as Adjuvant Therapy for Peritonitis: A Systematic Review of Inflammatory Biomarkers IL-6 and Myeloperoxidase

2026-03-31T23:36:39+00:00

Peritonitis is a severe inflammatory condition of the peritoneum associated with high morbidity and mortality, often progressing to sepsis due to excessive inflammatory responses. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neutrophil-derived enzymes like myeloperoxidase (MPO) play critical roles in disease progression and tissue damage. Current treatments primarily focus on infection control; however, adjunctive therapies targeting inflammation remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the potential of Curcuma longa extract as an adjuvant therapy in modulating IL-6 levels and MPO activity in peritonitis. This research employed a systematic review design following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature was collected from Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of four eligible experimental studies (in vivo and in vitro) were analyzed. The findings demonstrate that Curcuma longa extract, particularly curcumin, significantly reduces IL-6 expression and modulates MPO activity, indicating decreased inflammatory response and neutrophil infiltration. These effects are associated with the inhibition of key inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK.In conclusion, Curcuma longa shows promising potential as an adjunctive therapy for peritonitis by attenuating inflammatory biomarkers. However, further standardized studies and clinical trials are required to confirm its efficacy and optimal therapeutic dosage.

Implementing Differentiated Learning to Achieve Deep Learning Within the Context of the Merdeka Curriculum

2026-01-22T07:47:04+00:00

In the era of 21st-century education, the global challenge of achieving deep learning has become increasingly critical, as many education systems continue to struggle with surface-level learning approaches that prioritize memorization over conceptual understanding and critical thinking. This study aims to describe the implementation of differentiated learning as an effort to achieve deep learning within the context of the Merdeka Curriculum in elementary schools. The research was grounded on the premise that each student possesses distinct characteristics, interests, and learning styles, requiring adaptive teaching approaches to optimize their potential. Differentiated learning aligns with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes flexibility, meaningful learning, and learner autonomy. This research employed a qualitative method with a case study design conducted in a fifth-grade elementary classroom. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed descriptively to obtain a comprehensive picture of differentiated learning practices. The findings reveal that instructional differentiation accommodating visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles enhances students’ active engagement, motivation, and conceptual understanding. Moreover, teachers are better supported in managing inclusive classrooms through varied and meaningful learning strategies. The study concludes that differentiated learning plays a vital role in realizing deep learning, in line with the educational transformation agenda of the Merdeka Curriculum.

Implementation of Diversion for Children Facing the Law at the Palembang Class I Correctional Center

2026-03-30T04:46:55+00:00

This study examines the application of diversion in the juvenile criminal justice system with a focus on the role of community research (litmas) and the recommendations of Community Supervisors (PK) in Bapas Class I Palembang. This study highlights the practice of diversion in handling children's cases, the position of litmas and PK recommendations in decision-making, as well as institutional barriers that affect its effectiveness. The research uses a socio-legal qualitative approach with a case study design, through interviews with PK, law enforcement officials, and related stakeholders, as well as a review of litmas documents, diversion agreements, case decisions, and regulations. The analysis was carried out thematically by triangulating sources. The results of the study show that the success of diversion is highly dependent on the quality of social assessment in litmas, the ability to facilitate deliberation, and the sustainability of post-agreement supervision. Litmas acts as a tool for mapping children's needs and risks, the basis for guidance recommendations, and a means of accountability. The main obstacles include weak coordination across institutions, differences in interpretation of procedures, limited resources, and non-optimal monitoring mechanisms. This study recommends strengthening the standardization of litmas, increasing the capacity of diversion facilitators, integrating support services, and developing a measurable monitoring system so that diversion is truly oriented towards the recovery of children and victims.

Corporate Communication Strategy Based on Co-Creation and the Growth Zone in Optimizing Healthcare Service Performance: A Case Study at BKKP, Ministry of Transportation

2026-04-15T09:36:31+00:00

This study addresses the persistent challenges in Indonesia’s healthcare services, particularly those related to ineffective organizational communication, limited coordination, and suboptimal service performance. These issues are increasingly critical within institutions undergoing transformation, such as the Maritime Occupational Health Center (BKKP) under the Ministry of Transportation. Therefore, this study aims to develop a corporate communication strategy model based on co-creation and the growth zone to optimize healthcare service performance. This research employs a semi-quantitative approach using the MICMAC (Matrix of Cross-Impact Multiplications Applied to Classification) method. Data were collected from 85 respondents, consisting of internal staff and service users, through structured questionnaires. The analysis focuses on identifying the driving power and dependence among 18 variables categorized into co-creation, growth zone, and service performance aspects. The results indicate that communication transparency, user needs adaptation, two-way dialogue, and communicative leadership are the key variables with high driving power in shaping an effective communication strategy. In particular, user needs adaptation emerges as the most influential variable, acting as a central node in the system. Furthermore, variables such as user participation and public trust are projected to increase in importance in the future. In conclusion, integrating co-creation and growth zone approaches within corporate communication strategies significantly enhances healthcare service performance. Strengthening transparency, adaptive services, and participatory communication is essential to building a responsive, innovative, and sustainable healthcare organization.

Human-Centered Innovation in Language Learning: Overcoming Business Model Stagnation through Market Pull and Design Thinking

2026-04-04T06:43:37+00:00

This study explores how a small language-learning business in Indonesia can overcome growth stagnation by implementing a human-centred approach to innovation. Adopting the Design Thinking framework as the primary methodological lens, the research explores learner expectations, challenges and preferred learning formats, with the objective of improving products and business models. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) involving six learner groups that were identified during the early exploratory phase. Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data and uncover recurrent needs related to motivation, confidence, learning structure, flexibility and the role of human support. These insights were then used to create two core personas representing the two main learner types. These personas then guided the development of five 'How Might We' (HMW) questions, which acted as drivers for the ideation process. The study resulted in three integrated low-fidelity prototypes: (1) modular learning pathways, (2) an adaptive weekly roadmap, and (3) a simple confidence progress tracker. These elements form a coherent learning ecosystem, designed to improve learner engagement and strengthen business sustainability by offering clearer value, better retention and more structured products. The findings indicate that designing products to align with learner expectations can support the long-term sustainability of small EdTech startups. The study recommends conducting future quantitative tests on the proposed prototypes to evaluate their expected usefulness and acceptance among a wider range of learners.

Maturation of Radiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula with and without Hydro dilatation: A Study on the Diameter and Flow Volume of the Draining Vein

2026-03-30T03:46:11+00:00

Radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF-RC) is the primary vascular access in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. One of the main challenges of using AVF-RC is the failure of early maturation, characterized by inadequate diameter and flow volume of the draining vein. Hydro dilatation is a simple intraoperative technique that aims to increase the distensibility and diameter of the veins, so that it is expected to accelerate the maturation process of the fistula. This study used a retrospective cohort design involving patients with chronic kidney disease who were undergoing hemodialysis and had AVF-RC created for the first time at Yarsi Hospital between October 2023 and September 2025. Subjects were divided into two groups, namely the group with and without hydro dilatation, with 60 patients in each group. A total of 120 patients were analyzed, with a median age of 54 years, and the majority were male. The diameter of the draining vein increased significantly from preoperative to 6 weeks postoperative in all patients (p < 0.001). The increase in draining vein diameter at weeks 1 and 6 postoperatively was significantly greater in the hydro dilatation group than in the non-hydro dilatation group (p < 0.001). Hydro dilatation has a significant effect on increasing the diameter and flow volume of the draining vein of AVF-RC, particularly in the early period of maturation. This technique has the potential to improve the success of AVF maturation and can be considered as part of an intraoperative strategy for optimizing vascular access for hemodialysis.

State Asset Recovery from the Proceeds of Crime in Money Laundering in Indonesia: An Analysis of the Effectiveness and Urgency of Implementing Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture (NCB)

2026-03-27T09:01:32+00:00

The return of state assets from money laundering crimes (TPPU) is a strategic component in maintaining the integrity of the financial system, national economic stability, and the effectiveness of the organized crime eradication regime. However, Indonesia's legal regime, which relies on criminal forfeiture—the confiscation of assets after a criminal verdict has obtained permanent legal force—has proven inadequate in dealing with cross-jurisdictional, multilayered, and increasingly complex TPPU. The development of financial technology, digital assets, and the use of shell companies demands a more adaptive approach. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the criminal forfeiture mechanism under Law No. 8 of 2010 and to analyze the urgency of implementing non-conviction-based asset forfeiture (NCB) as an alternative. Using normative legal research methods through legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study finds that criminal forfeiture faces structural, substantive, and cultural barriers. These obstacles include the low follow-up rate on PPATK reports, the high burden of proof, and the lack of orientation among law enforcement officials toward asset recovery. Comparative studies with other countries show that NCB mechanisms are more effective in cutting off the flow of illicit funds and securing assets at an early stage. This study recommends accelerating the ratification of the Asset Forfeiture Bill, strengthening financial intelligence, and establishing an independent asset management institution as strategic steps to reinforce the asset recovery regime in Indonesia

A Phenomenological Study of Self-Regulation Among Employees in Deputy Department Head Positions Who Exhibit Turnover Intentions

2026-04-15T09:03:19+00:00

This study aims to determine self-regulation in employees holding deputy department heads who have intentions to quit their jobs. Self-regulation is an individual's ability to control their thoughts, feelings, and behavior through internal processes, so they can achieve desired goals. Meanwhile, intention to quit is a psychological concept that describes an employee's intention to leave their job voluntarily. This study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The participants were two individuals who had worked for 10-25 years. The research location was Bekasi City. Data analysis used interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The analysis results for both respondents showed different factors causing turnover intention. Respondent 1 had a significant influence on workload, while respondent 2 was more influenced by career path. Self-regulation aspects included job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work stress, self-development, and perceptions of alternatives. Respondent 1's most prominent aspect was workload. Respondent 2's most prominent aspect was self-development or career path in influencing turnover intention. Both respondents underwent several self-regulation processes, including self-observation, judgment, and self-response. Based on these analysis results, it can be concluded that both respondents were able to self-regulate.

Performance Improvement Strategies for Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) to Support the Three Pillars of Higher Education: A Case Study at Institut Teknologi Bandung

2026-03-30T04:50:03+00:00

Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) is a strategic approach in inventory management that enhances supply chain efficiency and integration. In higher education institutions, the availability of office supplies, paper, and printer ink is essential to ensure the smooth implementation of education, research, and community service activities. However, studies evaluating the implementation of VMI in Indonesian higher education institutions remain limited.This study aims to evaluate the performance of the VMI system implemented at Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) and formulate strategies to improve VMI performance in order to strengthen its support for the implementation of the Three Pillars of Higher Education. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, consisting of a quantitative survey of 32 work units and qualitative analysis through open-ended responses and in-depth interviews with vendors, VMI administrators, and the Directorate of Logistics. The analysis includes validity and reliability tests, descriptive statistics, gap analysis, thematic coding, triangulation, SWOT–TOWS analysis, and prioritization of strategies using the QSPM method. The results show that VMI significantly improves procurement efficiency, item availability, and data transparency. However, gaps remain in system integration, catalog completeness, and SLA compliance particularly for printer ink. The SWOT–TOWS and QSPM analyses produced four priority strategies: system integration and SLA monitoring; improvement of catalog quality; implementation of early-warning mechanisms and buffer stock; and development of SOPs for risk mitigation and multi-vendor options. Study concludes that strengthening and developing VMI in structured manner has direct impact on the operational sustainability of ITB and significantly supports the implementation of the Three Pillars of Higher Education.

Continuance Intention in Mobile Payment Services: A Comprehensive Systematic Literature Review

2026-03-31T23:35:43+00:00

The development of mobile payments has accelerated significantly since the COVID-19 outbreak. Many people have shifted from traditional payment methods such as cash to cashless payments. This study focused on a systematic literature review of existing articles on continuance intention in mobile payments. The review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure transparency and reproducibility. Employing a comprehensive search strategy with predefined keywords, a preliminary search yielded 993 papers from Google Scholar. After applying the inclusion criteria, 30 papers published between 2021 and 2025 were selected for final analysis. The findings explain that factors such as perceived usefulness, ease of use, satisfaction, hedonic motivation, trust, and perceived security are the most frequently used and have a significant influence on continuance intention using mobile payments. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the theoretical and empirical dimensions of user continuance intention in mobile payments. It provides directions for future research and practical implications for service providers.

Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior: From Behavioral Intention to Collective Action

2026-04-20T10:08:06+00:00

This study addresses the growing environmental challenges associated with waste management in Bali, Indonesia, where increasing tourism and urbanization contribute significantly to plastic pollution and ecological degradation. Despite the implementation of digital waste bank initiatives, limitations persist in understanding how individual behavioral intentions translate into sustained collective environmental actions. Therefore, this research aims to extend the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by integrating cultural and social dimensions to better explain pro-environmental behavior in a collectivist context. A qualitative case study approach was employed, focusing on the digital waste bank social enterprise Griya Luhu. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, and were analyzed using thematic analysis supported by NVivo software. This method enabled a comprehensive exploration of the interaction between behavioral intention, cultural values, and digital platforms. The findings reveal that while attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control significantly influence behavioral intention, they are insufficient to ensure long-term participation. The cultural value of ngayah emerges as a key mediator, transforming individual intentions into collective commitments, while social reinforcement sustains participation through shared practices and community engagement. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that integrating cultural values and social mechanisms into TPB provides a more comprehensive framework for understanding and promoting sustainable collective action in environmental management.

The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on International Performance of SMES in Bandung City with Business Model Innovation as a Mediating Variable

2026-03-27T08:30:29+00:00

MSMEs have a strategic role in the national economy, especially in creating jobs and encouraging economic growth. However, many MSMEs in the City of Bandung face challenges in improving their international performance. This study aims to analyze the influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) on International Performance (IP) with Business Model Innovation (BMI) as a mediating variable in MSMEs. The research method used is a quantitative approach with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis technique. Data were collected through a survey of MSME actors in the City of Bandung. The results of the study show that EO has a positive effect on BMI and IP. In addition, BMI is proven to be a significant mediating variable in the relationship between EO and IP. These findings indicate that innovation in business models is a key factor in increasing the competitiveness of MSMEs in the international market. Therefore, MSME actors are advised to strengthen their entrepreneurial orientation and continue to innovate in business models in order to compete globally.

The Influence of Product Quality on Customer Loyalty at Groei Coffee Bandung in 2026

2026-04-13T03:07:59+00:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of product quality on customer loyalty at Groei Coffee Bandung in 2026. The background of this research is the increasing competition in the coffee shop industry, which requires businesses to maintain product quality to sustain customer loyalty. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method involving 100 respondents who are active customers of Groei Coffee. Data were collected through questionnaires using a 5-point Likert scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. The results show that product quality has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, with a regression equation of Y = 13.289 + 0.250X and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. Descriptive analysis indicates that product quality is rated in the “satisfied” category with an average score of 79.02%, while customer loyalty also falls into the “satisfied” category with an average score of 79.04%. The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.234) shows that product quality explains 23.4% of customer loyalty, while the remaining 76.6% is influenced by other factors. These findings suggest that maintaining product quality, particularly in terms of taste consistency, reliability, and presentation aesthetics, plays an important role in enhancing customer loyalty.

Analysis of Enterprise Risk Management Maturity Level at PT. XYZ

2026-03-27T03:42:20+00:00

This research aims to evaluate the maturity level of the implementation of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) at PT. XYZ through a maturity assessment process based on the Technical Guidelines for the Assessment of the Risk Maturity Index (RMI) issued by the Ministry of SOEs, namely Number SK-8/DKU.MBU/12/2023 and PER-2/MBU/03/2023. The research background is based on the increasing complexity of global risks and regulatory demands, which require companies to implement risk management effectively. This study uses a combination of primary and secondary data collected through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and analysis of company documents. Data analysis was carried out descriptively using a scoring system, as well as SWOT and PESTEL analyses to formulate improvement strategies. The results of the study are expected to illustrate the actual conditions of ERM implementation at PT. XYZ, measure its maturity level based on the five dimensions of the RMI, and develop the necessary follow-up strategies to strengthen the effectiveness of risk management in a sustainable manner. These findings provide practical contributions for companies in improving risk governance, as well as academic contributions by enriching the literature on the application of maturity assessments in corporate risk management.

Digitalization System to Improve Efficiency & Quality Through the Selective QC 7 Tools Method in the Component Automotive Industry

2026-03-30T03:44:47+00:00

The automotive component industry faces significant challenges in improving operational efficiency and production quality, particularly due to reliance on manual processes. A key issue identified is the company's Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) performance, which has not met the established target, with an average achievement of only 72%, indicating considerable process inefficiencies and productivity losses. External pressures such as global market dynamics, economic uncertainty, and increasing Regional Minimum Wage (UMP) rates have further exacerbated the need for digital transformation to enhance operational efficiency and organizational competitiveness. This study aims to design a digitalization system to address operational inefficiencies and low production quality in the automotive component industry, focusing on improving OEE performance, reducing operational costs, and supporting data-driven decision-making. This research proposes an integrated digitalization system developed through the combination of the selective QC 7 Tools and Design Thinking approaches, with the selective QC 7 Tools applied to systematically identify and analyze the root causes of operational inefficiencies. The implementation resulted in significant improvements, including the complete elimination of 195 minutes per shift of non-value-added activities, the reduction of reporting lead time from 2–3 days to near real-time (0.5 days for analysis), and a 10% increase in OEE performance. The system also enabled the reallocation of 13 administrative personnel to more value-added roles, reduced operational costs, and minimized paper waste and CO₂ emissions. This study confirms that the selective QC 7 Tools prove effective in supporting digital transformation, and that data-driven digitalization can significantly improve competitiveness and business sustainability.

Implementation of the Inmate Rehabilitation Assessment System (SPPN) to Reduce Recidivism at the Class I Cipinang Prison in East Jakarta

2026-04-17T07:25:28+00:00

This study examines the implementation of the Inmate Rehabilitation Assessment System (SPPN) in reducing recidivism at Class I Cipinang Prison, East Jakarta. The background of this research is rooted in the persistent issue of high recidivism rates in Indonesia, indicating that correctional institutions have not fully achieved their rehabilitative goals. The study aims to analyze how SPPN is implemented and to evaluate its effectiveness in shaping inmates’ behavior and preventing repeat offenses. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach, involving purposive sampling of correctional officers and relevant stakeholders. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation review, and analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing supported by qualitative analysis software. The findings reveal that SPPN plays a significant role in fostering behavioral change and moral awareness among inmates through structured programs, emotional approaches, and psychosocial interventions. However, its effectiveness is constrained by structural challenges such as overcapacity, limited human resources, and weak inter-agency coordination. Additionally, external factors, including social stigma and lack of post-release support, contribute to the persistence of recidivism. In conclusion, while SPPN is effective in promoting internal behavioral transformation during incarceration, it has not fully succeeded in reducing recidivism. Strengthening institutional capacity, enhancing cross-sector collaboration, and improving post-release support systems are essential to achieve sustainable rehabilitation outcomes.

Analysis of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Based on Liquidation at Banks in Liquidation According to the COSO Internal Control Framework: A Case Study of the Deposit Insurance Corporation

2026-04-02T05:54:03+00:00

This research examines the effectiveness of internal controls over transaction recording and liquidation-basis financial reporting in Banks in Liquidation (BDL), using the COSO Internal Control–Integrated Framework and a qualitative case study of the Indonesia Deposit Insurance Corporation (LPS). Despite the critical role of liquidation-basis reporting in safeguarding creditor rights and ensuring accountability, empirical research in this domain remains limited, particularly regarding controls surrounding credit asset realization and valuation. Data were collected through document analysis, business process mapping, development of a risk control matrix (RCM), and semi-structured interviews with liquidation teams, supervisory units, risk management functions, and external auditors. Analysis across six core liquidation processes reveals that LPS has implemented multiple entity-level and transaction-level controls; however, several control deficiencies persist, including the absence of detailed technical standard operating procedures, inconsistent documentation, limited formal risk assessment practices, suboptimal use of information systems, and gaps in ongoing monitoring. Although these deficiencies do not constitute material weaknesses, they may undermine the reliability of key financial reporting assertions, particularly existence, completeness, and valuation of credit assets. The study contributes to the literature by extending internal control research into the underexplored context of liquidation-basis reporting and provides theoretical insights through stewardship and agency perspectives. Practical implications include recommendations for LPS to strengthen SOP standardization, enhance liquidation team competencies, and reinforce monitoring mechanisms. The findings offer empirical guidance for improving the governance, transparency, and reliability of financial reporting in bank liquidation settings.

Legal and Economic Aspects of Halal Product Certification in Indonesia: A Comparative Study of the Job Creation Law and the Halal Product Certification Law

2026-04-04T05:34:43+00:00

This research is motivated by the increasing demand for halal product assurance in the context of global economic integration, consumer protection, and the enhancement of the competitiveness of the national halal industry within a value-based economic system. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the economic law aspects in the implementation of halal product assurance in Indonesia, with a particular focus on the transformation of the legal regime through a comparative approach between Law Number 33 of 2014 on Halal Product Assurance and Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation along with its implementing regulations. This research employs a normative (doctrinal) legal research method, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The data sources consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which are analyzed qualitatively through systematic, grammatical, and teleological interpretation techniques to understand the direction and implications of legal norm development. The findings indicate that there has been a significant transformation in the halal product assurance legal regime, marked by amendments, additions, and reaffirmations of legal norms, including the simplification of halal certification procedures, the strengthening of institutional roles, and the acceleration of services oriented toward ease of doing business. From an economic law perspective, this condition highlights the necessity of a responsive, adaptive, and integrative legal policy capable of balancing economic interests, sharia values, and the principles of economic democracy as mandated by the constitution.

Unlocking Public Sector Creativity: The Accelerating Role of Work Engagement in the Nexus of Grit and Servant Leadership

2026-03-28T02:35:30+00:00

This study investigates the influence of grit and servant leadership on employee creativity among civil servants at the Ministry of Transportation, with work engagement serving as a mediating variable. Employee creativity is essential for organizational adaptation and maintaining competitive advantage. Grit, defined as perseverance and consistency, is conceptualized as a personal resource, while servant leadership, characterized by serving followers, represents a job resource. Work engagement, encompassing vigor, dedication, and absorption, functions as the central psychological mediator. The study aims to understand how these factors interact and contribute to enhancing employee creativity in the public sector. The quantitative analysis utilized 648 valid responses from civil servants and employed covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM). The results indicate that all direct relationships are significantly positive. Both grit and servant leadership exert significant positive effects on work engagement and employee creativity. Additionally, work engagement substantially enhances employee creativity. Importantly, Work Engagement is identified as a significant partial mediator of the effects of both grit and servant leadership on employee creativity. These findings demonstrate that grit and servant leadership jointly promote employee creativity, primarily through increased work engagement. Therefore, organizations are encouraged to foster employee perseverance and strengthen service-oriented leadership to enhance engagement and maximize creativity.

Exploring the Meaning Behind the Determination of Integrated Public Transportation Fares: A Paul Ricoeur Hermeneutic Study

2026-01-23T07:18:15+00:00

This research aims to uncover the meaning behind the determination of public transportation integration tariffs in Jakarta by using the interpretive paradigm and the hermeneutic approach of Paul Ricoeur. Integration tariffs are understood not solely as a technocratic instrument or economic decision, but as a social text that contains values, symbols, and policy narratives built through interactions between governments, transportation operators, system managers, and user communities. The research method used was qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews with key informants from the DKI Jakarta Provincial Transportation Office, the Jakarta City Transportation Council (DTKJ), the management of PT Jakarta Lingko Indonesia, and the transportation user community, and supported by a study of related policy documentation. Data analysis is carried out through three stages of Ricoeur's hermeneutics, namely semantic, reflective, and existential stages. The results of the study show that the integration tariff is interpreted as a symbol of inclusivity that includes accessibility, equality, mobility justice, and welfare, and represents the presence of the state in guaranteeing the mobility rights of city citizens. Integration tariffs not only serve to reduce transportation system fragmentation and travel cost burdens, but also shape a more humane, equitable, and sustainable mobility experience. Thus, the determination of integration tariffs is a policy narrative that reflects the relationship between the state, technology, and society in building a public transportation system that is oriented towards social justice and the future of the city of Jakarta.

Analysis of the Development and Business Opportunities of Digital Business in Indonesia in the Last Five Years

2026-04-15T09:39:44+00:00

Indonesia's digital economy has shown rapid growth over the past five years. The e-Conomy SEA 2024 report noted that the gross merchandise value (GMV) of the digital economy increased from US$27 billion in 2018 to US$90 billion in 2024, with projections of reaching US$200–360 billion by 2030. The largest contribution comes from the e-commerce sector, which reached US$65 billion in 2024. Meanwhile, the adoption of digital payments and fintech is increasing rapidly; Bank Indonesia reported that electronic money transactions increased from 47.2 trillion rupiah in 2018 to 594.2 trillion rupiah in 2024. This article is designed to map trends, analyze opportunities, and link digital business developments in Indonesia to government policies, technological developments, consumer behavior, and the startup and MSME ecosystems. The research will employ a systematic literature review approach and secondary data analysis from government reports, scientific journals, and industry surveys. In addition to examining e-commerce and fintech, the study will also examine the edtech subsector—which is projected to have a market value of US$3.23 billion in 2024 with a predicted annual growth of 11.79% through and healthtech, with transaction value projected to increase from US$16 billion in 2023 to US$34 billion in 2027. Challenges such as digital infrastructure inequality, talent shortages, data privacy and cybersecurity regulations, and funding gaps will also be part of the analysis. This research is expected to provide a comprehensive mapping and strategic recommendations for the government, business actors, and researchers to strengthen Indonesia's digital business ecosystem.

The Change in Hemoglobin Levels Before and After Cesarean Section and its Association with Age and Parity in Pregnant Women at Yarsi Hospital from January to October 2025 and Its Review According to Islam

2026-03-27T09:00:13+00:00

This research aimed to analyze changes in hemoglobin levels before and after cesarean section and their association with maternal age and parity in pregnant women at YARSI Hospital from January to October 2025, as well as to review cesarean section from an Islamic perspective. This study employed a descriptive analytic design with a retrospective approach using secondary data obtained from medical records. A total of 292 pregnant women who underwent cesarean section and met the inclusion criteria were selected through consecutive sampling. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analyses, using a paired t-test to assess differences in hemoglobin levels before and after cesarean section and a chi-square test to examine the relationship between age, parity, and changes in hemoglobin levels. The results showed that the mean hemoglobin level before cesarean section was 11.67 g/dL and after cesarean section was 11.78 g/dL, with no statistically significant difference between the two measurements. Furthermore, there was no significant association between maternal age or parity and changes in hemoglobin levels. From an Islamic perspective, cesarean section is permissible as it aligns with the principle of Hifz al-Nafs (protection of life) within Maqasid Shari‘ah, provided it is performed based on medical indications and aims to prevent harm to the mother and fetus. In conclusion, cesarean section at YARSI Hospital did not result in significant changes in hemoglobin levels and was not influenced by maternal age or parity, while remaining consistent with Islamic medical ethics.

The Effect of Employee Competence and Motivation, as well as Leadership, on Employee Performance in the Simalungun Regency Government

2026-04-02T05:56:20+00:00

Employee performance in government institutions plays a critical role in achieving organizational goals and delivering public services effectively. In the context of the Simalungun Regency Government, the performance of employees is influenced by various factors such as competence, motivation, and leadership. This Journal aims to analyze the influence of employee competence and motivation, as well as leadership on employee performance in the Simalungun Regency Government. The method used in this study is quantitative. The sample of this study amounted to 202 people. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and statistical analysis of SPSS version 25. The results of the study concluded that the competency variable (X1) had a significant effect on the performance of Simalungun Regency employees. Based on the results of the analysis, the calculation was obtained 2,200 with a value of sig. by 0.029. The motivation variable (X2) has a significant effect on the performance of Simalungun Regency employees. Based on the results of the calculation analysis, a t-value of 2.933 was obtained with a value of sig. by 0.004. The leadership variable (X3) has a significant effect on the performance of Simalungun Regency employees. Based on the results of the analysis, the calculation was obtained 2,200 with a value of sig. by 0.029. Based on the table above, a calculated t value of 3.950 with a sig value was obtained. by 0.000. Simultaneously, competence (X1) and motivation (X2) and leadership (X3) have a significant effect on the performance of Simalungun Regency employees.

Potential of Jatropha Multifida L.- Placenta - Carboxymehyl Chitosan (CMC) Formulation as Regenerative Therapy for Burn Wounds

2026-03-30T04:44:31+00:00

Second-degree burns are tissue injuries that often cause complications and require a long healing time. Previous studies have reported that natural ingredients such as Jatropha multifida L., placenta extract, and Carboxymethyl Chitosan (JM-P-CMC) have the potential to accelerate tissue regeneration, but no combined studies have been conducted on the three. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Jatropha multifida L.-Plasenta-CMC combination formulation on the number of fibroblasts as an indicator of tissue regeneration in second-degree burns. This experimental study used a post-test only control group design with 24 male Sprague dawley rats (200–250 g) induced burns on the back using a hot metal plate, then divided into four groups: control (Bioplacenton ® ), JM5%-P-CMC, JM10%-P-CMC, and JM15%-P-CMC. Topical treatment was carried out twice a day for 14 days. Data collection was carried out on days 5, 9, and 14, followed by histological analysis of skin tissue with Hematoxylin Eosin staining to count the number of fibroblasts. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests showed a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts in all treatment groups compared to the control, with the highest results in the JM15%-P-CMC group. This study concluded that the combination was effective in enhancing tissue regeneration and has the potential to be developed as an innovative topical therapy based on natural ingredients.

Breaking Systematic Corruption Through a Strategic Intelligence-Based Job Rotation Policy (A Study on Cross-Institutional Government Agencies at the Central Government Level in Indonesia)

2026-04-16T07:23:49+00:00

Corruption remains a critical challenge in public governance, particularly in Indonesia, where it undermines economic development, institutional integrity, and public trust. This study aims to examine the role of job rotation policies, transparency, and strategic intelligence in reducing corruption within central government institutions. A qualitative research approach was employed, involving in-depth interviews with nine high-level civil servants from ministries and non-ministerial agencies. Data were collected through interviews, documentation, and literature review, and analyzed using Creswell’s qualitative analysis model supported by intelligence analysis techniques. The findings reveal that corruption is driven by factors such as political pressure, weak supervision, transactional positions, and a deeply rooted corrupt culture. Job rotation is found to be an effective preventive measure when implemented consistently, transparently, and based on meritocracy, although it cannot function as a standalone solution. Transparency, particularly through e-government systems and open procurement mechanisms, significantly reduces opportunities for corruption and enhances public oversight. Furthermore, strategic intelligence plays a crucial role in identifying risks, profiling officials, and supporting evidence-based decision-making. In conclusion, an integrated approach combining job rotation, transparency, and strategic intelligence is essential to build accountable governance and effectively reduce corruption practices.

Green HRM and Leadership Impact on Green Voice Behavior: Job Embeddedness as Mediator

2026-04-14T08:47:30+00:00

Employee participation is a crucial aspect of company operations that can influence corporate policies and decisions. Trade unions, as organizations representing workers, play a vital role in voicing workers' concerns and mediating the relationship between employees and the company. This study aims to examined the impact of green human resource management and green servant leadership on green voice behavior, with job embeddedness as a mediator. Data were collected through questionnaires completed by 247 trade union members in Indonesia, including both leaders and members. The questionnaires utilized a 7-point Likert scale. A quantitative research approach was applied, employing Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to analyze the relationships between variables. The results indicate that green human resource management and green servant leadership have a significant and positive impact on green voice behavior. Furthermore, job embeddedness mediates the relationship between green human resource management and green servant leadership on green voice behavior. Based on these findings, companies are encouraged to develop environmentally focused human resource policies and for leaders to adopt environmentally conscious principles to motivate employees to voice opinions, ideas, and suggestions centered on environmental sustainability.

Integration of Physiotherapy in Healthy and Sustainable Ecotourism: A Case Study of River of Mudal Ecotourism

2026-03-30T04:44:22+00:00

Amid the growing public interest in tourism that is not only refreshing but also provides health benefits, the integration of nature-based physiotherapy services represents a strategic innovation. This study examines the implementation of physiotherapy concepts within healthy and sustainable ecotourism, emphasizing the use of nature-based therapy at Sungai Mudal Ecotourism (ESM) in Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Ecotourism is generally analyzed from environmental and socio-economic perspectives; however, its potential contribution to health promotion and rehabilitation remains underexplored. Given its natural assets, ESM serves as a relevant example of incorporating physiotherapy activities into ecotourism practices. This study employed a qualitative case study design, utilizing participatory field observations, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs) with ESM managers, document analysis of reports and related literature, tourist perception surveys, and light intervention studies on the benefits of therapy-based tourism activities. The results indicate that the natural environment, including rivers, waterfalls, and natural pools, provides opportunities for therapeutic activities such as hydrotherapy and musculoskeletal mobility exercises. These activities benefit both physical and mental health, thereby enhancing the attractiveness and sustainability of ecotourism. This study presents the paradigm of “healthy ecotourism,” which integrates physiotherapy-oriented environmental therapy techniques into ecotourism planning and management. Such integration encourages ESM to strengthen ecotourism sustainability through service diversification, support for local livelihoods, and the reinforcement of health–environment linkages.

Analysis of the Effects of MCQ Enthusiasm, Attendance, Discussion Activeness, and Test Completion on Essay Success in Online Leadership Learning

2026-03-30T03:44:38+00:00

Evaluating the effectiveness of leadership learning for senior-level employees (one level below the director) presents unique challenges in measuring competencies. This research aims to analyze the predictive validity of various instruments of online learning activities on the strategic competence of participants, as measured through the success of essay preparation. The predictive variables tested included: (1) Enthusiasm for working on the Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), (2) Attendance of Kick-Off Meeting, (3) Attendance of Online Sessions, (4) Activity of Discussions, (5) Completion of Reaction Test, and (6) Completion of Learning Test. The study involved 40 senior employees from various companies. Data were analyzed using Binary Logistic Regression. The results showed that the regression model explained 63% of the variance in essay success. Key findings revealed that administrative variables (attendance) and procedural cognitive tests (MCQs) did not have a significant influence on essay success. The only variable proven to have a significant effect was Discussion Activity (Sig < 0.05), with an Odds Ratio of 19.3. This indicates that, for executive-level learners, leadership competencies are more validly predicted through the dialectic of arguments in discussions rather than mere presence or memorization of theory.

Christian Leadership Paradigm According to Thomas Aquinas and Social Transformation: A Theological Study and Case Analysis

2026-03-30T04:41:48+00:00

This study explores the Christian leadership paradigm based on the 13th-century philosophy of Thomas Aquinas, focusing on its relevance to contemporary leadership practices, especially in addressing social transformation. Amid growing challenges such as moral crises and social inequality, the need for ethical, spiritually grounded leadership has become urgent. The purpose of this study is to examine how Thomistic principles caritas (charity), prudentia (wisdom), justitia (justice), and bonum commune (common good) can guide modern Christian leadership. Using a qualitative descriptive methodology, this research conducted a theological hermeneutic analysis of Aquinas's writings, comparing them with real-world social transformation examples, such as the La Red community's impact on Bellavista Prison. The results reveal that Thomistic leadership principles provide a moral and ethical framework that not only fosters organizational effectiveness but also drives social change. By focusing on service, justice, and moral integrity, the study highlights how these principles can address the pressing issues of public integrity, structural poverty, and social solidarity in today's context. The conclusion suggests that the Thomistic model of leadership is not merely a theoretical construct but a practical tool for transforming societal structures through moral virtue and a commitment to the common good. Future research could expand on these findings in diverse organizational contexts.

Evaluation of Residential Carbon Neutrality Through Carbon Emissions, Vegetation Carbon Sequestration, and Occupant Energy Behavior

2026-03-30T04:49:12+00:00

This study evaluates residential carbon neutrality by examining carbon emissions, vegetation carbon sequestration, and occupant energy behavior within urban housing. Global warming, driven by carbon dioxide emissions, underscores the need for integrated solutions addressing household carbon footprints. The objective of this research is to develop a comprehensive model that incorporates building carbon emissions, vegetation carbon sequestration, and occupant behavior to assess residential carbon neutrality. This study focuses on 49 households in Vila Dago Housing, Pamulang, South Tangerang, utilizing surveys and field data to estimate energy consumption, carbon emissions, and vegetation absorption. The findings reveal that operational carbon emissions are primarily driven by electricity usage, with average emissions ranging from 10,000 to 27,000 kg CO₂e annually per household. Embodied carbon emissions from construction materials also contribute significantly, with variations depending on house type. Vegetation in the study area provides limited carbon sequestration, unable to offset the carbon emissions generated by household activities. Additionally, occupant behavior, including lighting, air conditioning, LPG use, and waste management, directly influences overall emissions. In conclusion, achieving carbon-neutral housing requires improved energy behavior and enhanced green spaces, with an integrated approach to passive building design and carbon sequestration strategies being essential for mitigation efforts.

The Use of the Al-Quran Index from Tafsirweb.com in Speeches by Students at Al Muslim Waru Junior High School in Sidoarjo

2026-04-14T08:48:09+00:00

One of the communication skills in the 21st century is giving speeches. To improve your speech skills, relevant media and strategies are needed. The Al-Quran must be used as a guide for Muslims. Islamic schools currently need technology-based learning tools that are able to search for information effectively, quickly and accurately. This research describes the use of the Al-Quran indexation application tafsirwe.com in preparing speeches and describes strategies for improving the communication skills of Al Muslim Middle School students. This exploratory qualitative research aims to describe alternative new strategies in learning Indonesian, especially speech using digital Al-Quran indexation. Data was obtained from a collection of work from class IX and class VIII students from SMP Al Muslim, then analyzed through coding and interpreting the meaning of the findings as well as reinforced by teacher anecdotes and the results of interviews with the head of the Education division of the Al Muslim Foundation. Through the keywords included in tafsirweb.com, students find a lot of tafsir information as a basis for preparing speech texts. The flow of using tafsirweb.com is classified into three types, all have the same search goal, namely finding letters, verses, meanings, and verse content, but each type has a different function, type 1 uses tafsirweb.com to find ideas, type 2 to look for appropriate references, type 3 to strengthen the contents of the text, the information obtained by students through tafsirweb.com is then developed through persuasive sentences which are formulated through telling strategies, commanding strategies, and forbidding strategies.

The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Purple Eggplant Peel (Solanum Melongena L.) on Estrogen Receptor-Α Levels and Vaginal Epithelium Thickness in a Menopause Model Rat

2026-03-30T04:54:10+00:00

Menopause is a natural phase in a woman's life marked by a decline in estrogen levels, which can lead to various health issues, including vaginal atrophy. One promising alternative treatment is phytoestrogens, such as those found in purple eggplant peel (Solanum melongena L.) extract. This study aims to analyze the effect of administering purple eggplant peel ethanol extract on estrogen receptor-α (ERα) levels and vaginal epithelial thickness in a menopause model rat. The study employed a posttest-only control group design with four groups: a control group (K) and three treatment groups that received the extract at doses of 25 mg/200 g BW, 50 mg/200 g BW, and 100 mg/200 g BW per day for 28 days. The results showed that the 100 mg/200 g BW per day dose significantly increased ERα levels and vaginal epithelial thickness compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The lower doses (25 mg/200 g BW and 50 mg/200 g BW) did not show significant differences from the control group. In conclusion, purple eggplant peel extract at a dose of 100 mg/200 g BW per day can increase ERα levels and vaginal epithelial thickness in menopause model rats, demonstrating its potential as an alternative therapy for menopause symptoms.

A Legal Analysis of Marine Tourism Development and Investment within the Framework of the Special Economic Zone in Sekotong Subdistrict, West Lombok Regency

2026-03-30T03:47:17+00:00

Marine tourism development in Sekotong District, West Lombok Regency, has grown rapidly as part of an investment strategy within a special economic zone framework. However, this expansion raises legal issues related to coastal governance, environmental protection, and social justice for local communities. This research aims to conduct a normative juridical analysis of marine tourism development and investment to evaluate the consistency, synchronization, and harmonization of legal norms governing coastal and investment regulations. The research applies a normative juridical approach focusing on statutory analysis and secondary legal materials as the primary sources of examination. The findings indicate that Indonesia possesses a relatively comprehensive legal framework, yet regulatory disharmony, institutional coordination weaknesses, and the risk of unequal economic benefit distribution remain potential challenges. Without consistent legal governance, these conditions may trigger social conflict and ecological pressure. Therefore, strengthening regulatory harmonization and sustainability-oriented legal approaches is essential to ensure fair and sustainable marine tourism development.

Assessment of Ahmad Yani Road Infrastructure in Tegal City as an Urban and Tourism Road Based on Road Safety Inspection

2026-03-30T03:46:22+00:00

Ahmad Yani Street is one of the main roads in Tegal City with a strategic function as a connector between urban areas and tourist destinations. Although classified as an urban road, its existing condition does not fully comply with technical standards. The sidewalks and shoulders are wider than the vehicle lanes, and the one-way traffic system makes the corridor more pedestrian-oriented. This study aims to analyze the suitability of Ahmad Yani Street's function as an urban and tourism road. The research method used was descriptive comparative through field observation, documentation, and analysis based on standards from Bina Marga and the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. The results show that Ahmad Yani Street has more characteristics of a tourism road due to its high aesthetic quality and pedestrian comfort, although the traffic performance for motorized vehicles remains limited. Ahmad Yani Street in Tegal City, with its pedestrian-oriented characteristics and high aesthetic quality, aligns more with the function of a tourism road than an urban road. While it provides comfortable spaces for pedestrians and enhances the tourist experience, the street's infrastructure does not fully meet the technical standards for urban roads, particularly in terms of vehicle lane width and traffic management.

Information System Success Model for the Evaluation of E-Government Applications in the Public Sector (Case Study: Whole App – Bandung Super App)

2026-04-05T18:08:38+00:00

This study examines the effectiveness of an e-government application implemented by the Bandung City Government, namely the Kabeh (Bandung Super App), in supporting public service delivery. The background of this research is driven by the gap between the government’s objectives in providing digital public services and the actual user experience, which reflects low adoption, limited functionality, and user dissatisfaction. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the success of the application using a modified DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model by incorporating Digital Literacy as an additional variable. This research employed a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative data through questionnaires and qualitative data through semi-structured interviews. The quantitative analysis measures relationships among variables such as System Quality, Information Quality, Service Quality, Digital Literacy, Intention to Use, User Satisfaction, and Net Benefit, while qualitative findings enrich the interpretation of user perceptions. The results indicate that Service Quality significantly influences Intention to Use, while Information Quality, Service Quality, Intention to Use, and Net Benefit significantly affect User Satisfaction. However, System Quality and Digital Literacy show no significant influence on both Intention to Use and User Satisfaction. Overall, the study concludes that the success of the application is primarily determined by service quality, information relevance, and perceived benefits, rather than technical aspects alone.

Case Report: Successful Management of Post-Thymectomy Myasthenia Gravis with Septic Pneumonia Using Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE)

2026-04-14T08:55:13+00:00

The incidence of infectious complications, particularly pneumonia, in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) occurs in 30–50% of cases after thymectomy, often leading to prolonged mechanical ventilation. In 78.3% of MG cases, the administration of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been shown to improve neuromuscular function and reduce the need for postoperative mechanical ventilation, including complications such as septic pneumonia. A 36-year-old male with MGFA class IIIB and type AB thymoma presented with diplopia, ptosis, dysphagia, and limb weakness, and developed septic pneumonia following thymectomy. He required 21 days of ICU care and received five TPE sessions using a regimen of 5% human albumin and 0.9% normal saline, with a volume of 3,500 mL per session administered every three days. The primary goals of postoperative management in MG patients following thymectomy are to reduce dependence on mechanical ventilation and prevent complications such as myasthenic crisis and infection. Post-thymectomy TPE, when combined with supportive therapy including optimal fluid management, has been shown to provide significant clinical improvement, reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation, and lower the risk of postoperative complications. These findings are consistent with the management strategies and studies reported by Myllynen C, Prakash S, and Dogra S. Post-thymectomy TPE has been demonstrated to reduce mechanical ventilation dependence, decrease postoperative complications, and improve neuromuscular function in patients with MG.

The Influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation, Market Orientation, and Corporate Governance on Firm Performance: The Mediating Role of Innovation Capability

2026-02-23T07:35:04+00:00

This study is motivated by the increasing demand for manufacturing firms, particularly in the tobacco industry, to enhance competitiveness through innovation, strategic orientation, and effective governance. Despite their significant contribution to economic growth and employment, many family-owned firms still face challenges in maintaining stable performance due to weak innovation capability, limited market responsiveness, and informal governance structures. This study aims to analyze the influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation, Market Orientation, and Corporate Governance on Firm Performance, with Innovation Capability as a mediating variable. The research adopts a quantitative approach using a census sampling technique involving 166 employees of PT Tiga Berlian Anugrah Jaya. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0, supported by validity and reliability testing. The results show that Entrepreneurial Orientation, Market Orientation, and Corporate Governance have positive and significant effects on both Innovation Capability and Firm Performance. Furthermore, Innovation Capability partially mediates the relationship between these variables and Firm Performance, indicating its crucial role in translating strategic orientation into performance outcomes. In conclusion, strengthening Innovation Capability, supported by strategic orientation and good governance, is essential for improving Firm Performance and ensuring sustainable competitiveness in family-owned manufacturing companies.

Development of a Machine Learning Model for Estimating GRDP at Constant Prices (PDRB ADHK) for Regencies and Cities in West Java

2026-03-27T09:05:14+00:00

Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) at constant prices (ADHK) is a key indicator for measuring real economic growth at the regional level. However, estimating GRDP at the regency/city level in Indonesia still faces challenges related to limited real-time data availability, publication delays, and reliance on conventional statistical methods that are often unable to capture complex and nonlinear relationships. This research aims to develop and compare several machine learning models in estimating ADHK GRDP for 27 regencies/cities in West Java Province using data from 2010–2024. The study employs a quantitative explanatory approach with panel data consisting of 405 observations obtained from the West Java Open Data portal. Feature engineering was conducted by incorporating historical growth rates, temporal variables, and regional encoding to capture temporal dynamics and spatial heterogeneity. Four predictive models were developed, namely linear regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Support Vector Regression (SVR), and were evaluated using RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and R² metrics with cross-validation. The results indicate that ensemble-based models outperform traditional methods, with Gradient Boosting demonstrating the best performance by achieving the lowest error values and the highest explanatory power. Random Forest also shows strong predictive capability, while linear regression yields the lowest accuracy. These findings highlight the superiority of machine learning, particularly tree-based ensemble methods, in modeling complex regional economic data. The study contributes to the limited literature on regency/city-level GRDP estimation in Indonesia and suggests that machine learning can serve as a reliable tool for supporting data-driven policy formulation.

Revisiting Employee Engagement: A Systematic Review of Emerging Perspectives

2026-03-27T08:55:41+00:00

This research aims to explore the conceptual shift in the meaning of employee engagement through a systematic literature review (SLR) approach based on the PRISMA protocol. The review analyzes 17 selected articles published between 2006 and 2025 to identify the evolving dynamics of understanding, influencing factors, and approaches to fostering employee engagement. The findings indicate that employee engagement is no longer narrowly understood as mere attachment to job tasks or roles but has evolved into a multidimensional construct influenced by personal values, sustainability, digitalization, and the new generation’s expectations for meaningful work. The review also reveals that organizational support, leadership quality, and technology integration have become increasingly prominent factors in shaping employee engagement. The theoretical implications highlight the need for a new, more adaptive and contextual conceptual model, while the practical implications point to the importance of value-based, employee-experience-driven human resource management strategies. This study contributes to enriching the understanding of engagement in the ever-evolving modern work landscape.

Utilization of Academic Applications to Support the Education Administration System at the Academic Hospital of Gadjah Mada University

2026-03-27T03:46:04+00:00

Digitalization in academic hospital settings is essential to improve the efficiency and quality of educational administrative services. Teaching hospitals face challenges in developing innovative, user-friendly, and efficient systems that can support clinical education processes. In response to this need, the Academic Hospital of Gadjah Mada University (RSA UGM) developed a mobile-based application called “Akademik” to facilitate student registration and administrative processes. This research aims to evaluate the utilization of the “Akademik” application in supporting the educational administration system at RSA UGM. A descriptive quantitative method was used, with simple random sampling involving 47 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS. The results show that 95.7% of respondents stated that the application instructions were clear and easy to understand, 95.7% perceived the application as easy to use, 89.4% expressed satisfaction with the application, and 87.2% reported that the student registration process became faster. These findings indicate that the “Akademik” application contributes positively to improving administrative efficiency and user experience. In conclusion, the “Akademik” application effectively enhances the educational administration process at RSA UGM by making it more efficient, user-friendly, and environmentally sustainable through reduced paper usage. However, continuous system development and integration are necessary to further optimize its performance and support the broader clinical education system.

The Outcomes of Lactoferrin as New Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Patients on Regular Haemodialysis: A Systematic Review

2026-04-14T07:13:14+00:00

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a common and significant complication among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those undergoing regular haemodialysis. Conventional iron supplementation, although widely used, is often limited by gastrointestinal side effects, inflammation, and suboptimal iron utilization. Therefore, alternative therapies such as lactoferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, have gained increasing attention. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lactoferrin as a treatment for IDA in CKD patients on regular haemodialysis.

This research employed a systematic review design following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, interventional, and observational studies involving adult CKD patients receiving lactoferrin therapy. Data were analyzed narratively to compare haematological and inflammatory outcomes. The findings indicate that lactoferrin significantly improves haemoglobin levels, serum iron, and transferrin saturation, while reducing inflammatory markers such as hepcidin, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6. Compared to conventional iron therapy, lactoferrin demonstrates better tolerability and fewer adverse effects. In combination with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, it provides comparable hematologic outcomes with additional anti-inflammatory benefits. In conclusion, lactoferrin is a promising and well-tolerated adjunct therapy for managing IDA in CKD patients undergoing haemodialysis. However, further large-scale studies are needed to confirm its long-term efficacy and optimal clinical application.

Utilization of Digital Media in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Da'wah: A Case Study of the Muhammadiyah Da'wah Institution in South Sulawesi

2026-04-05T18:06:20+00:00

This research is focused on the main subject, namely how to use digital media in increasing the effectiveness of da'wah: A case study of the Da'wah Institute of the Muhammadiyah Regional Executive of South Sulawesi, The formulation of the research problem is: what is the form of the use of digital media carried out by the Da'wah Institute of the Muhammadiyah Regional Executive of South Sulawesi? What is the impact of the use of digital media on the reach and effectiveness of da'wah messages by the da'wah institution of the Muhammadiyah Regional Executive of South Sulawesi? What is the response and involvement of the younger generation to the da'wah content delivered through digital media by the Da'wah Institute of the Muhammadiyah Regional Executive of South Sulawesi? This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method on the Muhammadiyah Da'wah Institute of South Sulawesi which has introduced digital da'wah as a tool for spreading da'wah. Primary data is collected by researchers directly from the original source. Meanwhile, secondary data is obtained from existing sources such as books from magazines and other sources. The results of the study show that the South Sulawesi Muhammadiyah da'wah institution actively utilizes various digital platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, and podcasts as a means of disseminating creative and contextual religious messages. The use of digital media has been proven to significantly increase the reach of the audience, especially among urban and younger generations.

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Performance of Medical Laboratory Technologists (MITS)/Laboratory Analysts in Hospitals: A Scoping Review

2026-03-27T08:31:59+00:00

The performance of Medical Laboratory Technologists (MLTs) and Laboratory Analysts is essential for maintaining the accuracy and reliability of diagnostic services in hospitals. Suboptimal laboratory performance can negatively affect clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. Many hospitals in Indonesia face challenges such as limited staffing, high workloads, and inadequate career development systems, which may hinder optimal employee performance. This study aims to systematically analyze key factors influencing the performance of Medical Laboratory Technologists and Laboratory Analysts in hospital settings. A systematic review methodology was applied by synthesizing findings from multiple related studies to derive comprehensive conclusions. Literature searches were conducted using Google Scholar and focused on factors associated with employee performance, including compensation, leadership, motivation, work culture, organizational commitment, work environment, salary structures, and career development, with article selection restricted to publications from 2014 to 2024. Articles were screened through title and abstract review, followed by full-text assessment based on eligibility criteria. The review results indicate that compensation, leadership, motivation, and work culture are major determinants of performance, while organizational commitment, work environment, salary structures, and career development also significantly contribute to job satisfaction and productivity. The findings highlight that strengthening both financial and non-financial incentives, providing effective leadership, and fostering supportive organizational cultures can enhance employee performance and improve the efficiency and quality of laboratory services.

Analysis of Bureaucratic Communication in Building Organizational Culture at the Nusantara Capital Authority

2026-04-15T09:32:37+00:00

Bureaucratic communication is a strategic element in shaping the work culture and determining the performance of public organizations, especially in new government institutions that are in the institutional transition phase such as the Nusantara Capital Authority (OIKN). Hierarchical bureaucratic structures, differences in employee backgrounds, and cross-sector coordination demands have the potential to cause communication distortions that have an impact on the effectiveness of organizational work. This study aims to analyze how bureaucratic communication plays a role in the formation of organizational culture and its implications for organizational performance within the OIKN. The research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, document analysis, and targeted group discussions with leaders, structural officials, functional officials, special staff, and executive employees. The results of the study show that bureaucratic communication, which is still dominant, is top-down and formal, affecting the perception gap between job levels and hindering the internalization of organizational values. However, the implementation of two-way communication, the use of information technology, and participatory leadership communication styles have proven to be able to strengthen collaborative and adaptive organizational cultures, while increasing the effectiveness of coordination and organizational performance. This study concludes that strengthening open and integrated bureaucratic communication is the main prerequisite in building a healthy organizational culture and sustainable bureaucratic performance at OIKN.

The Effect of Work Culture on Teacher Productivity in Public Elementary Schools in the Ungaran Timur District, Semarang Regency

2026-04-15T09:35:22+00:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of work culture on the work productivity of teachers in SD Negeri Ungaran Timur District, Semarang Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach with the type of causal correlational research. The population in this study is all teachers of State Elementary Schools in East Ungaran District totaling 181 people, with a sample of 125 teachers selected using the Slovin formula with proportional random sampling technique. Data were collected through a closed questionnaire and analyzed using a simple linear regression test with the help of the SPSS 21 program. The results of the study showed that work culture had a positive and significant effect on teachers' work productivity with an F-count value of 537.313 > F-table 3.92 and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The determination coefficient (R²) of 0.814 shows that work culture contributes 81.4% to teachers' work productivity. The resulting regression equation is Y = 30.954 + 0.805X₃, which means that every increase in one unit of work culture will increase the teacher's work productivity by 0.805. The implications of this study show the need to strengthen a positive work culture in schools through the habituation of discipline, openness, mutual respect, and commitment to increase teacher productivity in a sustainable manner.

Evaluation of The Implementation of Consulting Services as One of the Internal Audit Functions According To The 2024 Global Internal Audit Standards Domain V

2025-12-19T08:43:33+00:00

This research evaluates the implementation of consulting services as part of internal auditing functions in PT DYX (Persero) based on Domain V of the Global Internal Audit Standards (GIAS) 2024. Internal audit plays a crucial role in supporting organizational objectives through both assurance and advisory services. The consulting services provided by the internal audit function aim to improve governance, risk management, and operational efficiency. This study uses a qualitative case study approach, focusing on PT DYX’s internal audit services throughout 2024. The evaluation compares the current practices with the requirements outlined in GIAS 2024, specifically assessing how consulting services align with the standards set in Domain V. The findings highlight the effectiveness of internal audit consulting services in contributing to organizational value and improving internal controls, governance, and risk management. This research also provides recommendations for enhancing the implementation of these services to align with best practices and increase organizational maturity

Tourism Resilience Through the Integration of Adaptation, Mitigation, and Transformation Towards Sustainable Tourism

2026-04-05T18:11:00+00:00

Tourism resilience is a key concept in maintaining the sustainability of destinations in the face of various crises such as pandemics, natural disasters, climate change, and socio-economic pressures. Global tourism faces increasingly complex dynamics of uncertainty, especially due to climate change, health crises, and socio-economic fluctuations. This condition requires tourism destinations to strengthen their resilience capacity through integrated adaptation, mitigation, and transformation strategies. This study aims to analyze the resilience process of destinations through three main pillars, namely adaptation, mitigation, and transformation that contribute to sustainable tourism development. Using a descriptive qualitative research method, data was collected through literature review. The results show that tourism resilience is formed through operational adaptation strategies, community-based risk mitigation, and transformation of tourism models towards long-term sustainability. Adaptation is carried out through diversification of tourism products, digitization of services, and strengthening community capacity. Mitigation is directed at reducing emissions, resource efficiency, and implementing green tourism standards. Meanwhile, transformation has emerged as a strategic phase that rearranges governance, business models, and destination development orientations to be more inclusive and resilient. These findings strengthen the understanding that resilience is not only the ability to recover from a crisis, but also the ability to grow and transform into a more resilient and innovative tourism system by identifying destination response patterns in managing risks and creating long-term stability so that it can realize sustainable tourism that is able to respond to crises while creating new value.

Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Love-Based Curriculum: Challenges and Ethics in Islamic Science Education

2026-04-18T02:32:22+00:00

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has significantly transformed learning processes, including in Islamic education, where maintaining moral and spiritual values is essential. This study aims to explore the potential, challenges, and ethical implications of integrating AI into a love-based curriculum that emphasizes compassion and empathy in Islamic science education. The research employs a qualitative approach through a systematic literature review, collecting data from relevant journals, books, and research reports. Data were analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify key themes related to AI integration, digital literacy challenges, and ethical considerations. The findings reveal that AI enhances learning effectiveness through personalized instruction, increased student engagement, and improved accessibility. However, significant challenges persist, particularly in teachers’ digital literacy, technical readiness, and concerns regarding data privacy and ethical use. The study also highlights that a love-based curriculum can bridge the gap between technological advancement and spiritual values by integrating empathy and moral teachings into AI-supported learning environments. Ethical principles such as responsibility (amanah) and proper conduct (adab) must guide AI implementation. In conclusion, AI integration in Islamic education is promising but requires strategic planning, ethical guidelines, and continuous capacity building to ensure alignment with humanistic and spiritual objectives.

Quality Management of Indonesian Language Learning in Improving Students' Reading Literacy in Elementary Schools

2026-03-27T03:44:42+00:00

Reading literacy is a fundamental skill for elementary school students, serving as the foundation for mastering various fields of knowledge. However, students’ literacy skills still face challenges such as limited reading materials, lack of varied teaching methods, and an underdeveloped literacy culture. In this context, the quality management of Indonesian language learning plays a key role in ensuring effective and systematic teaching aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum. This study aims to analyze how quality management of Indonesian language learning supports the improvement of reading literacy at SDN Kertajadi and SDN Kiarangupuk, Cidaun District, Cianjur Regency. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed with Miles & Huberman’s model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that lesson planning referred to the Merdeka Curriculum but was limited by inadequate reading resources and less varied strategies. Learning implementation involved interactive approaches such as group discussions and text-based learning, yet literacy culture beyond the classroom remained weak. Evaluation used formative and summative assessments, but follow-up actions were not fully integrated into continuous improvement programs. The study concludes that quality management has contributed positively to students’ reading literacy but requires strengthening through sufficient resources, teacher training, and sustainable literacy programs involving the whole school community.

Internalization of Multicultural Values in Learning the Art of Recitation to Form the Attitude of Social Tolerance of Students at the Al-Qur'an Education Park Baiturrahman Gading Kasri Malang

2026-04-15T09:34:15+00:00

In many non-formal Islamic institutions, learning still emphasizes cognitive and technical skills, while affective aspects such as tolerance are often underdeveloped. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the internalization of multicultural values in learning the art of Qur’anic recitation and its role in shaping students’ social tolerance at TPQ Baiturrahman Gading Kasri Malang. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a narrative design. Data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving teachers, students, and the head of the institution. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, including data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that multicultural values internalized in recitation learning include tolerance, justice, and cooperation. These values are integrated through interactive learning activities such as group practice, peer support, and participation in internal and external Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur’an (MTQ). The internalization process occurs through value transformation, value transaction, and transinternalization, supported by teacher modeling and a conducive learning environment. As a result, students demonstrate improved social attitudes, including empathy, mutual respect, cooperation, and confidence in social interactions. In conclusion, learning the art of Qur’anic recitation is not only effective in improving technical reading skills but also plays a significant role in fostering multicultural values and strengthening students’ social tolerance. This approach contributes to the development of harmonious social behavior in diverse educational settings.

Evaluation of Financial and Operational Performance at BLU-Status Health Polytechnics: Multiple Case Study of 34 Ministry of Health Polytechnics

2026-03-31T23:50:38+00:00

This study evaluates the financial and operational performance of thirty-four Public Service Agency (BLU) Health Polytechnics over 2022 to mid-2025 within the framework of Government Regulation No. 74 of 2012 and Ministry of Finance Regulation No. 202/PMK.05/2022. The method was a multiple-case qualitative study using within-case and cross-case descriptive analyses of Monitoring of Financial and Operational Performance (MKKO) data, performance contracts, and focus group discussions, followed by descriptive and diagnostic analyses applying the 5 Whys and the 4P/S categories (People, Process, Policy, System). The results show high dependence on single tuition fees, limited diversification of non-tuition revenue, a large share of non-academic expenditures, gaps between revenue and academic cost per student, uneven admissions selectivity, strong graduate tracer coverage but highly varied job placement within six months, unbalanced research productivity and down streaming, and unproportional lecturer and staff ratios and ranks. Policy implications emphasize performance-based governance, minimum shares for academic spending, cost-per-service calculations in the business and budget plan, standardized tracer studies, workforce planning and workload rebalancing, and the acceleration of research down streaming and revenue diversification.

The Institutionalization of Indonesian SHIISM and the Emergence of a New Wave

2026-03-31T23:52:17+00:00

Studies of Shia Islam in Indonesia have generally focused on the role of individual figures, such as scholars, intellectuals, and campus activists, as the main drivers of the community. This approach tends to emphasize the development of Shia Islam through individuals. This study aims to identify the emergence and development of Shia Islam in Indonesia through processes of institutionalization across various institutions, as well as to explain the role of formal organizations—especially Pandu Ahlulbait Indonesia—in forming a more collective, systematic, and sustainable pattern of Shia community movements. This study uses a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews and document analysis. This method is used to trace the processes, factors, and consequences of the institutionalization of Shia communities across various organizational institutions that are developing in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the institutionalization of the Shia community marks the emergence of a new wave of Shia development in Indonesia. This is indicated by the strengthening of formal organizations, especially through autonomous institutions such as Pandu Ahlulbait Indonesia. The organization actively involves the younger generation and women, utilizes digital technology, and develops a multi-issue da'wah orientation, thereby forming a more collective and systematic movement. This study confirms that institutionalization is an adaptive strategy of the Shia community in responding to contemporary socio-religious dynamics in Indonesia.

Estimating The Need For Infiltration Wells To Support Groundwater Conservation And Surface Runoff Control In Enggal Subdistrict

2026-04-18T02:31:23+00:00

Urban areas frequently encounter environmental challenges such as the reduction of green open spaces, water shortages during the dry season, and water ponding during the rainy season. These problems are mainly caused by rapid urbanization and the expansion of impervious surfaces, which reduce natural infiltration capacity and increase surface runoff. As a result, groundwater recharge decreases while the potential for urban flooding becomes higher. Similar conditions are observed in Enggal District, located in the central area of Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia. Therefore, effective stormwater management strategies are required to mitigate surface runoff while improving groundwater conservation. This study aims to estimate the required number of infiltration wells needed to achieve zero run-off conditions in Enggal District. The study area covers approximately 2.80 km² and consists of six urban villages with a population of 24,611 in 2025 based on the Enggal District Report. Land-use analysis indicates that the area has a surface runoff coefficient of 0.55. Hydrological analysis was conducted using 20 years of rainfall data (2005–2024) to determine rainfall characteristics and runoff potential. The rainfall intensity analysis for a 10-year return period produced a peak discharge of 15.88 m³/s with a rainfall intensity of 37.23 mm/h. Several designs with 2 scenarios were developed by considering variations in infiltration well dimensions and land availability within the study area. The results show that achieving full runoff reduction requires 934 infiltration wells with a diameter of 0.8 m and a depth of 2.0 m,

Comparison of Great Saphenous Vein Occlusion and Venous Clinical Severity Score in Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) Patients Using and Not Using Compression Stockings after Endovenous Microwave Ablation (EVMA)

2026-04-03T15:29:08+00:00

Endovenous Microwave Ablation (EVMA) is a minimally invasive thermal technique for treating venous insufficiency, known for its low complication rates and fast recovery. While compression stockings are commonly recommended after other thermal ablation procedures such as EVLA and RFA, their effectiveness following EVMA remains unclear and lacks standardized guidelines. This study aimed to compare great saphenous vein (GSV) occlusion success and changes in Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) between patients who used compression stockings and those who did not after EVMA. This prospective cohort study included patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) who underwent EVMA at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between September and November 2025. Data analysis was conducted using Fisher’s exact test and the Mann–Whitney test. The results showed that all 40 patients achieved 100% GSV occlusion one week after EVMA, with no significant difference between the two groups (p=1.00). Preoperative VCSS scores were also comparable between the no-stocking group (10.40 ± 1.85) and the stocking group (11.25 ± 2.88) (p=0.274). Postoperatively, both groups experienced a decrease in VCSS scores; however, the reduction was significantly greater in the stocking group (median 6 vs. 8; p=0.015). The median decrease in VCSS was also higher in the stocking group (4 [2–10]) compared to the no-stocking group (2.50 [0–7]; p=0.012). Component analysis revealed that compression stockings significantly improved only the pain parameter (p=0.004). In conclusion, compression stockings do not affect GSV occlusion rates after EVMA but provide better clinical improvement, particularly in reducing postoperative pain.

Study of Risk Mitigation Strategies in the PPP Flyover Project Sitinjau Lauik 1 (Bina Marga – PT. Hutama Panorama Sitinjau Lauik)

2026-04-05T18:13:46+00:00

Infrastructure projects implemented under the Public–Private Partnership (PPP) scheme have a high level of risk complexity due to the long-term division of technical, operational, and occupational safety responsibilities. The Sitinjau Lauik 1 Flyover project is characterized by extreme topography, landslide potential, and heavy equipment mobilization, all of which increase the likelihood of construction and occupational safety risks. This study aims to analyze the influence of risk mitigation strategies on construction risk control in PPP projects. The research method employs a descriptive quantitative approach based on the frameworks of ISO 31000 and SMK3, as well as Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), using severity, occurrence, and detection parameters to obtain the Risk Priority Number (RPN). The results indicate that there are 31 primary risks, with the highest priority levels originating from technical aspects in the field, such as heavy equipment accidents, potential landslides, inconsistencies in construction methods, and risks associated with working at elevation. The mitigation strategies implemented—including improvements in work methods, periodic inspections, enhancement of workforce competence, and strengthening of the supervision system—have been proven to reduce risk levels from high to medium and low categories. The study concludes that the systematic implementation of risk mitigation strategies has a significant effect on reducing construction risk levels and improving the safety and performance of PPP projects.

The Influence of Personal Factors and Situational Factors on Impulse Buying Mediated by Online Trust Among Users of Tiket.com

2026-03-31T23:49:44+00:00

This study examines the increasing role of digital technology in shaping consumer behavior within the online travel industry, particularly the tendency toward impulse buying among users of online travel agents such as tiket.com. The rapid growth of internet usage and e-commerce in Indonesia has transformed how consumers plan and purchase travel services, often leading to spontaneous purchasing decisions influenced by various internal and external factors. This research aims to analyze the influence of personal factors and situational factors on impulse buying behavior, with online trust as a mediating variable. A quantitative descriptive approach with a cross-sectional design was employed, involving 275 respondents who had previously conducted transactions on tiket.com. Data were collected through online questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results indicate that impulse buying tendency, credit card usage, situational conditions, motivational activities, product attributes, scarcity, incidental information, and online trust significantly influence impulse buying. However, shopping pleasure and materialism do not show significant effects. Additionally, online trust successfully mediates the relationship between both personal and situational factors and impulse buying. In conclusion, both internal and external factors play crucial roles in shaping impulsive purchasing behavior, with online trust strengthening these relationships in the context of online tourism platforms.

Network Governance Dynamics in Zero-Burning Land Management Policy: Lessons from South Sumatra

2026-03-27T08:29:31+00:00

Forest and land fires remain a persistent environmental challenge in South Sumatra, Indonesia, despite the implementation of the Zero-Burning Land Management Policy. This study examines the dynamics of network governance in the implementation of the policy by integrating Social Network Analysis (SNA) and in-depth interviews within a mixed-method framework. The research aims to analyze the structure of governance networks, coordination mechanisms, conflict and power dynamics, and adaptive responses among key actors, including provincial and district governments, plantation companies, NGOs, and local communities. The findings reveal a moderately centralized governance structure, with the provincial government acting as the dominant coordinating entity. While the network exhibits characteristics of a lead organization model, horizontal collaboration—especially in operational coordination—is also evident. Formal mechanisms such as inter-agency meetings and integrated task forces are complemented by informal coordination based on trust and personal relationships. However, the network is influenced by unequal capacities, resource imbalances, and overlapping authorities, which affect the stability and effectiveness of collaboration. The research also identifies adaptive responses, including the formation of integrated task forces, technology-based fire monitoring systems, and adjustments to local regulations. While these responses demonstrate institutional flexibility, adaptation remains largely reactive to crises rather than being integrated into systematic learning processes. Theoretically, the findings contribute to adaptive network governance by highlighting the interdependence of network structure, coordination quality, and adaptive capacity in environmental policy. For developing countries facing ecological pressures, strengthening trust, data integration, and institutional continuity is key to improving policy resilience and long-term fire prevention effectiveness.

Analysis of the Relationship Between Predictors and Issues Related to Proton Pump Inhibitors Among Inpatients in 2024 at Dr. Mintohardjo Military Hospital

2026-04-15T09:40:46+00:00

The use of gastric acid suppressants such as Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) and Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2RA) is very common in inpatient settings, but inappropriate use is often found, posing risks to patient safety and cost efficiency. This study aims to analyze the relationship of predictors (age, number of drugs, number of comorbidities, and length of stay) to the occurrence of Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) in inpatients using gastric acid suppressants. This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted retrospectively using patient medical record data at Rumkital Dr. Mintohardjo from January to December 2024. A sample of 432 patients was taken using a simple random sampling technique based on inclusion criteria. DRPs were identified using the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) V9.00 instrument. Data analysis used the chi-square test for bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression for multivariate analysis. DRP characteristics were dominated by treatment safety issues (70.4%), particularly adverse drug events, with the most frequent drug interaction being ranitidine and ketorolac. Bivariate analysis showed that comorbidities (p=0.029), length of stay (p=0.010), and number of drugs (p=0.000) significantly influenced the number of DRPs. Multivariate analysis identified the number of drugs as the most influential predictor; inpatients receiving ≥10 drugs had a 2.733 times higher risk of experiencing ≥2 DRPs (p=0.000; OR 2,733; 95% CI 1.767-4.229)