Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies

Implementation of an Exit Strategy to Support The Sustainability of PT Polytama Propindo’s Environmental and Social Responsibility Program

2026-09-02T14:40:58+07:00

The sustainability of Social and Environmental Responsibility (TJSL) programs poses a major challenge when corporate interventions come to an end, particularly in ensuring that social, economic, and environmental benefits can be sustained by beneficiary communities. In this context, an exit strategy serves as a critical mechanism for facilitating the transition from dependency to community self-reliance. This study aimed to analyze how PT Polytama Propindo designed and implemented its exit strategy to support the sustainability of its TJSL programs. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study design, the study used in-depth interviews and observations. The data were analyzed using thematic coding to identify patterns in the design and implementation of the exit strategy. The findings revealed that PT Polytama Propindo’s exit strategy was incorporated from the initial stages through social mapping, focus group discussions (FGDs), the establishment of success indicators, and integration into the company’s internal governance. Its implementation was carried out in stages through the mechanisms of passing down, passing over, and, when necessary, passing out, allowing corporate intervention to be gradually reduced while strengthening community capacity and transferring responsibility to local actors. These findings underscored that the success of the exit strategy was highly dependent on local capacity building, the establishment of community institutions, and multi-stakeholder engagement. Theoretically, this study enriched the existing literature on exit strategies by positioning the company as a central actor in designing the sustainability of TJSL programs, particularly within the petrochemical industry.

Implementation of Deep Learning Based on Islamic Educational Strategies in Student Character Development at MTs Daruur Rahmah Sukatani

2026-09-02T14:12:38+07:00

Character education is one of the primary objectives of Indonesia’s national education system and a fundamental goal of Islamic education. Along with the development of educational paradigms, the deep learning approach introduced by the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education emphasizes meaningful, reflective, and applicable learning experiences rather than mere knowledge acquisition. In Islamic schools, this approach needs to be integrated with Islamic educational strategies to strengthen students’ character development. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of deep learning based on Islamic educational strategies in developing students’ character at MTs Daruur Rahmah Sukatani. A qualitative case study approach was employed. Data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, and were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings showed that deep learning was implemented by integrating the principles of mindful, meaningful, and joyful learning with Islamic educational strategies, including role modeling, habituation, advice, reflection, and the cultivation of a religious school culture. These strategies contributed to strengthening students’ religious character, discipline, responsibility, honesty, social awareness, and independence. The main challenges identified were teachers’ limited understanding of the deep learning concept and insufficient parental involvement in character education. This study contributes to the development of an integrated model combining deep learning and Islamic educational strategies for character education in Islamic junior secondary schools.

Classroom Quality Management in Improving Elementary School Students’ Learning Outcomes (Case Studies at SDN Tanjungsari and SDN Wanaraja in Cianjur Regency)

2026-09-17T22:22:57+07:00

This study was motivated by the need for effective classroom quality management to improve the quality of learning and academic achievement of elementary school students. The quality of education is not only determined by the curriculum and facilities, but also by the ability of teachers to plan, implement, evaluate, and follow up on learning consistently. This study aims to analyze the implementation of classroom quality management at SDN Tanjungsari and SDN Wanaraja in Cianjur Regency, covering aspects of planning, implementation, evaluation, follow-up, obstacles, and solutions. The research method used a qualitative approach with a case study design, through observation, interviews, and documentation analyzed descriptively. The results show differences in implementation between the two schools. In terms of planning, teachers at SDN Tanjungsari are more systematic in developing learning tools, while those at SDN Wanaraja are still simple. In terms of implementation, SDN Tanjungsari applies more varied methods, although lectures are still dominant, while SDN Wanaraja tends to be conventional. Both schools have implemented formative and summative assessments, but follow-up is limited. Follow-up at SDN Tanjungsari took the form of remedial and enrichment programs, while at SDN Wanaraja it was only additional assignments. The obstacles faced included limited facilities, teacher competence, and student motivation. Solutions were sought through teacher cooperation, principal support, and the use of simple media. The study concluded that classroom quality management plays an important role in improving student learning outcomes, with success being influenced by teacher consistency, the school environment, and the availability of facilities.

A Techno-Economic Study on the Planning of Solar Power Plant Upgrades Using the AHP Method on Neira Island, Central Maluku

2026-09-04T14:34:12+07:00

Maluku Province has significant solar energy potential; however, the utilization of the Solar Power Plant (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya [PLTS]) on Banda Neira Island has remained suboptimal because the facility, which was originally constructed in 2012, ceased operation in 2017. This condition has resulted in continued dependence on Diesel Power Plants (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel [PLTD]), which contribute to high carbon emissions. This study aimed to determine the optimal rehabilitation scenario for the PLTS through a techno-economic assessment using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Three hybrid PLTS configurations (PV+BESS+PLTD) were modeled using PVSyst and HOMER Pro software, with photovoltaic (PV) capacities of 360 kWp, 480 kWp, and 1,200 kWp, respectively. The optimal alternative was selected based on eight criteria: system reliability, facility complexity, fuel consumption reduction, capital expenditure (CAPEX), internal rate of return (IRR), levelized cost of energy (LCOE), carbon emission reduction, and land availability. The analysis showed that Scenario 2, consisting of a 480 kWp PV system integrated with a 1,610 kWh battery energy storage system (BESS), achieved the highest overall score. This scenario resulted in a performance ratio of 80.43%, an IRR of 19%, a return on investment (ROI) of 15.2%, and a payback period of less than five years. Furthermore, it reduced carbon emissions by approximately 530,469 kg CO₂ annually, representing a 9% reduction compared with the existing diesel-based system. These findings demonstrate that Scenario 2 provides the optimal balance among technical, economic, and environmental considerations.

Analysis of the Indonesia Raya National Anthem Playing Policy at the Class I Non-TPI Immigration Office of Bogor

2026-09-02T14:01:55+07:00

This study analyzed the policy of playing the Indonesia Raya national anthem at 10:00 a.m. at the Class I Non-TPI Immigration Office of Bogor and its impact on public service delivery and the psychological conditions of civil servants (Aparatur Sipil Negara [ASN]). Conducted from April to June 2025, this study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a retrospective analysis design. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and policy document reviews involving twelve informants, including service-implementing civil servants, structural officials, and service users. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model and interpreted through the perspective of resilience theory.The findings indicated that playing the anthem at 10:00 a.m. coincided with active service hours, resulting in distractions to concentration, disruptions to work routines, and uncertainty among visitors regarding appropriate conduct. Most informants considered this timing suboptimal and suggested moving the activity to 7:55 a.m., before service hours began, as an alternative that maintained national values without reducing public service effectiveness. This study recommends adaptive policy evaluation that incorporates direct feedback from frontline implementers.

Analysis Of Chemical Bonding in the C₆₀Br₂ System Based on NBO, AIM, And Bond Topology Analysis

2026-09-07T22:32:30+07:00

Fullerene C₆₀ is recognized as a carbon nanostructure with distinctive electronic, optical, and redox properties, making it a highly promising functional material. Although halogenation is an important strategy for modifying the properties of fullerenes, the interactions between heavy halogens and the fullerene surface require further investigation. This study evaluated the chemical bonding characteristics of the C₆₀–Br₂ system using computational approaches based on Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) theory, Atoms in Molecules (AIM) theory, and electron-density topology analysis. Geometry optimization revealed a Br–C interatomic distance of 2.07 Å, indicating a pronounced intermediate bonding character. Although structural visualization did not indicate the formation of a rigid conventional covalent bond, NBO analysis revealed significant orbital interactions, as reflected by the Wiberg Bond Index (WBI), while AIM analysis indicated weak and polarized bonding characteristics based on the topology of the electron density and its Laplacian, consistent with established computational criteria for characterizing bonding interactions in functionalized fullerene systems. Furthermore, topological analysis confirmed the presence of a bond critical point (BCP) with a negative local total energy density, indicating a stabilizing interaction between the bromine and carbon atoms. Overall, the C₆₀–Br₂ system exhibited bonding characteristics intermediate between classical covalent bonding and noncovalent interactions, suggesting that the Br–C interaction can be classified as a partially covalent, polarized interaction.

Analysis of Route Planning for the Pluit–Airport Toll Road from the Perspective of Technical Evaluation and Investment Feasibility

2026-09-02T13:31:20+07:00

This study aims to determine the optimal alternative route for the Pluit–Airport Toll Road based on technical evaluation and investment feasibility analysis. The research was motivated by the high level of congestion on the Prof. Dr. Ir. Sedyatmo Toll Road, which serves as the primary access route to Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, creating the need for an alternative corridor capable of improving connectivity, reducing travel time, and supporting the development of the urban toll road network. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) to assess six alternative routes. The technical evaluation was conducted by examining road geometric design, structural requirements, geotechnical conditions, hydrology, route length, construction costs, road network integration, constructability, land acquisition risks, and environmental and social impacts. The selected alternative was further assessed through investment feasibility indicators, including Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP), along with sensitivity analysis. The technical analysis results showed that Alternative Route 4A achieved the highest technical score because it provided an optimal route alignment, more efficient structural requirements, lower land acquisition risks, better constructability, and superior connectivity with the Harbour Road II Toll Road and Sedyatmo Toll Road. Therefore, the construction of the Pluit–Airport Toll Road was considered feasible from both technical and financial perspectives and was expected to improve transportation connectivity and efficiency in the Jakarta metropolitan area.

A Study on the Effectiveness of Cinnamon Bark Extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) in Inhibiting the Growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Vitro

2026-09-15T15:03:24+07:00

Infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae represent a significant health concern due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance. One potential natural antibacterial agent is cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii), which contains various bioactive compounds. This study aimed to identify the secondary metabolites present in cinnamon bark extract and evaluate the effectiveness of cinnamon bark ethanol extract in inhibiting the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro. The study employed a true experimental method with a post-test-only control group design. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton Agar (MHA) with five treatment groups: a negative control (sterile distilled water), a positive control (ciprofloxacin), and cinnamon bark ethanol extract at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%, with three repetitions for each treatment. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene’s test, and one-way ANOVA. Phytochemical screening showed that cinnamon bark extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, and terpenoids. The mean inhibition zone diameters at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75% were 8.93 mm, 10.57 mm, and 10.99 mm, respectively. Based on the Davis and Stout criteria, the 25% concentration was categorized as moderate, while the 50% and 75% concentrations were categorized as strong. However, the one-way ANOVA results showed a significance value of 0.296 (p > 0.05), indicating no statistically significant differences among concentrations. Therefore, cinnamon bark ethanol extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) demonstrated antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae; however, increasing the extract concentration from 25% to 75% did not produce a statistically significant improvement in antibacterial effectiveness.

Fire and Explosion Risks at PT X's Crude Oil Storage Facility

2026-09-02T13:34:45+07:00

Crude oil storage facilities have a potential risk of fire and explosion due to the storage of large quantities of flammable materials. This study aimed to assess the fire and explosion risks associated with the S-01 crude oil storage tank at PT X using the Dow’s Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI) method. The research employed a semi-quantitative descriptive approach through field observations, interviews, documentation analysis, and the collection of relevant company data. The analysis results showed a Material Factor (MF) value of 10, a General Process Hazards Factor (F1) value of 1.75, and a Special Process Hazards Factor (F2) value of 3.13, resulting in a Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI) value of 54.78. Based on the Dow classification, this value was categorized as a light hazard level, indicating that the potential fire and explosion risks associated with the tank were relatively low. This condition was influenced by the availability of adequate protection systems, relatively stable operating conditions, and moderate process hazard factors. Nevertheless, continuous facility monitoring, routine inspections, and consistent implementation of safety procedures remain necessary to prevent incidents within the operational area.

The Impact of Wellness Tourism Experiences on Life Satisfaction Among Generation Z Travelers: The Mediating Role of Mental Well-Being

2026-09-02T14:38:46+07:00

The increasing awareness of holistic health and quality of life has encouraged the growth of wellness tourism as a form of travel that provides physical, psychological, emotional, and spiritual benefits. Generation Z, who faces various challenges such as digital fatigue, stress, and lifestyle pressures, increasingly seeks meaningful travel experiences that support mental recovery and self-development. This study aimed to examine the relationship between wellness tourism experiences, mental well-being, and life satisfaction among Generation Z travelers, while investigating the mediating role of mental well-being in explaining the mechanism underlying the relationship between wellness tourism experiences and life satisfaction.This study employed a quantitative approach using an explanatory cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from 412 Generation Z travelers who had participated in wellness tourism activities. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. The findings showed that wellness tourism experiences had a positive and significant effect on mental well-being (β = 0.698; p < 0.001) and life satisfaction (β = 0.284; p < 0.001). Mental well-being also had a significant effect on life satisfaction (β = 0.721; p < 0.001). Furthermore, mental well-being partially mediated the relationship between wellness tourism experiences and life satisfaction (β = 0.503; p < 0.001).The findings indicate that wellness tourism experiences contribute to improving Generation Z travelers’ life satisfaction primarily through enhanced mental well-being. This study highlights the importance of designing wellness tourism programs that emphasize psychological recovery, meaningful experiences, and sustainable well-being outcomes.

A Study on the Effectiveness of Jatropha multifida L. Latex–CMC (Carboxymethyl Chitosan) in the In Vivo Healing of Second-Degree Burns (Expression of FGF, Fibroblasts, and Collagen)

2026-09-17T22:12:14+07:00

Burn injuries remain a significant health concern because delayed healing can increase the risk of infection, scarring, disability, and treatment-related costs. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a gel formulation combining 15% Jatropha multifida L. latex and 3% carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) in the healing of second-degree burns. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to six groups: saline, gel base, J. multifida latex, 3% CMC, Bioplacenton, and J. multifida–CMC gel. Second-degree burns were induced using a heated metal probe, and treatments were administered according to group allocation. Skin tissue samples were collected on days 5, 10, and 15. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) expression was examined using immunohistochemical analysis, fibroblast numbers were quantified using hematoxylin–eosin staining, and collagen density was evaluated using Masson’s trichrome staining. Data were analyzed using parametric or nonparametric statistical tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. The combined gel increased FGF expression, particularly on day 15, and produced significant differences in fibroblast numbers across all observation periods. Collagen density also improved significantly on days 10 and 15, indicating enhanced extracellular matrix formation and tissue remodeling. These effects may be attributed to the complementary bioactive properties of J. multifida latex and the moist, biocompatible environment provided by CMC. In conclusion, J. multifida–CMC gel demonstrated potential as an antibiotic-free therapeutic option for second-degree burn healing; however, further toxicity assessments and clinical studies are required to confirm its safety and efficacy.

Classroom Management in Improving Student Motivation

2026-09-17T22:20:45+07:00

Effective classroom management is essential for creating supportive learning environments and sustaining students’ motivation, particularly in junior high schools with varying resources and institutional characteristics. This study aimed to describe and compare classroom management practices implemented to improve student learning motivation at SMPN 3 Pagelaran and SMPN 4 Pagelaran. A qualitative case study design was employed, involving principals, teachers, and students as research participants. Data were collected through participatory and non-participatory observations, structured and semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which involved data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. Data credibility was established through source and method triangulation, member checking, and peer debriefing. The findings indicated that both schools implemented classroom management through four main stages: planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation. SMPN 3 Pagelaran emphasized differentiated instruction, technology integration, authentic assessment, and structured reflection, whereas SMPN 4 Pagelaran placed greater emphasis on contextual collaborative learning, consistent classroom rules, and direct feedback. Limited facilities and instructional time were identified as persistent challenges. Both schools addressed these challenges through collaboration with school committees and the provision of enrichment and remedial tutoring programs. The study concludes that adaptive, participatory, and context-sensitive classroom management practices can strengthen student engagement and learning motivation despite variations in school resources.

Risk and Clinical Patterns of Tendon Injury and Rupture Associated with Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids and Exogenous Testosterone: A Systematic Review

2026-09-02T14:44:53+07:00

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and exogenous testosterone may increase muscle strength more rapidly than tendon adaptation, potentially increasing the risk of tendon injury and rupture. This systematic review evaluated the association between AAS or exogenous testosterone exposure and tendon injury or rupture, while describing injury patterns, potential mechanisms, structural findings, management approaches, and clinical outcomes. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect databases were searched through July 12, 2026, following the PRISMA guidelines. Human observational studies, case series, and case reports involving adult participants were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools, and the findings were synthesized narratively. Eight studies involving 1,150,337 participants were included. Long-term AAS users demonstrated a ninefold higher hazard of first tendon rupture compared with nonusers. Prescribed testosterone use was associated with increased odds of Achilles tendon injury (adjusted odds ratio = 1.24) and quadriceps tendon injury (odds ratio = 5.4), as well as subsequent surgical intervention. Among 35 case-based patients, 32 experienced pectoralis major tendon ruptures, predominantly during bench-pressing activities. Imaging and histopathological findings indicated tendinopathy, degenerative changes, and neovascularization, while most patients who underwent surgical treatment achieved favorable recovery outcomes. AAS and exogenous testosterone exposure are associated with tendon injuries across various clinical settings; however, heterogeneity in study designs and exposure definitions limits causal interpretation and quantitative pooling.

Conceptual Reconstruction of Spiritual Intelligence as a Holistic Foundation for Student Character Development

2026-09-02T14:07:06+07:00

Student character development continues to face challenges due to the persistent dominance of cognitively oriented learning practices, highlighting the need for a holistic approach that incorporates moral, affective, and spiritual dimensions. This study aimed to reconstruct the concept of spiritual intelligence as a holistic foundation for student character development by integrating perspectives from educational psychology and Islamic religious education. A qualitative library research method was employed. Data were obtained from scholarly articles published between 2018 and 2026 and selected based on predetermined inclusion criteria, resulting in 20 relevant articles. Qualitative content analysis was conducted through data reduction, categorization, interpretation, and thematic synthesis. The findings indicate that spiritual intelligence functions as an internal mechanism for character development through self-awareness, reflection, self-regulation, value internalization, and the formation of meaningful learning experiences. The integration of spiritual intelligence with educational psychology and Islamic religious education supports holistic character development by connecting cognitive, affective, moral, and spiritual dimensions. This study proposes a conceptual reconstruction that positions spiritual intelligence as a fundamental holistic foundation for character development, extending previous studies that have generally considered it a supporting factor. The findings provide theoretical contributions to character education and practical implications for developing educational policies and learning practices that systematically strengthen students’ spiritual intelligence.

Assessing Rice Food Availability Resilience Under Paddy Field Land Use Change in Sukabumi Regency

2026-09-18T10:45:02+07:00

Rice food availability is increasingly challenged by paddy field conversion driven by socioeconomic development and land-use transformation. However, reductions in paddy field extent do not necessarily indicate decreased food availability, as agricultural systems may respond through intensification and productivity improvement. This study evaluated rice food availability resilience under paddy field land-use change in Sukabumi Regency, West Java, Indonesia, during 2000–2020 by integrating Landsat-based spatial analysis with agricultural production indicators. Paddy field dynamics were analyzed using multi-temporal Landsat imagery through Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) and Random Forest classification. Agricultural responses were assessed using harvested area, cropping intensity, productivity, rice production, and the Production Efficiency Index (PEI).The results showed that paddy field area declined from 71,641.44 ha in 2000 to 65,982.15 ha in 2020, representing a 7.9% reduction, with the largest decline occurring in rainfed paddy fields. Despite this reduction, rice production increased from 622,189 tons to 931,328 tons, supported by increases in harvested area, cropping intensity, and productivity, particularly within irrigated paddy field systems. The PEI increased from 8.68 to 14.12 ton ha⁻¹, indicating improved production efficiency relative to available land resources. These findings indicated that rice food availability resilience in Sukabumi Regency was supported by agricultural adaptation strategies, particularly through intensification and productivity enhancement rather than land expansion.Nevertheless, productivity improvements may not indefinitely compensate for continued paddy field conversion due to ecological and biophysical limitations. Integrating remote sensing-based land-use change analysis with agricultural performance indicators provides a useful framework for evaluating food availability resilience and supporting sustainable paddy field management.

The Role of Segoro Lestari Conservation in Community Empowerment and Sea Turtle Conservation on Serang Beach, East Java

2026-09-07T22:16:16+07:00

Sea turtles play a vital ecological role in maintaining the balance of marine ecosystems; however, their populations continue to decline due to egg collection, poaching, habitat degradation, and natural threats. Community-based conservation has emerged as an effective approach to addressing these challenges while simultaneously empowering local communities. This study aimed to analyze the role of Segoro Lestari Turtle Conservation in protecting sea turtles and its contribution to empowering coastal communities in Serang Village, Blitar, East Java. The study employed a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews, field observations, and analysis of organizational documents. The findings showed that Segoro Lestari implemented four main programs—Turtle Talk, Turtle Act, Sea Turtle Release, and Turtle Hub—which served as the foundation of its community-based conservation activities. These programs not only increased community ecological knowledge and awareness but also created new economic opportunities through incentives for protecting sea turtle eggs, educational tourism, and internship and research activities involving residents as local service providers. In addition, collaboration with government agencies and external stakeholders, including BPSPL Denpasar and PLN NP UP Brantas, strengthened the sustainability of the conservation programs through facility support and technical assistance. The findings indicated that Segoro Lestari played a significant role in promoting inclusive conservation, improving community welfare, and strengthening the sustainable protection of sea turtles.

The Effect of Influencer Marketing and Online Customer Reviews on Purchase Intention for Lozy Hijab Arabian Shawl Products on the TikTok Shop Platform

2026-09-12T13:29:46+07:00

The rapid growth of social commerce has transformed consumer purchasing behavior, particularly in the fashion and Muslim apparel industry. The TikTok Shop platform provides opportunities for brands to increase product visibility through influencer marketing and online customer reviews that may shape consumer perceptions and purchase decisions. This study aims to examine the effect of influencer marketing and online customer reviews on purchase intention for Lozy Hijab Arabian Shawl products on the TikTok Shop platform. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method distributed to consumers who were familiar with Lozy Hijab products and had interacted with TikTok Shop content. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using statistical techniques to evaluate the relationship between influencer marketing, online customer reviews, and purchase intention. The findings indicate that influencer marketing contributes to consumers’ purchase intentions by increasing product awareness, trust, and perceived attractiveness through influencer credibility and content engagement. In addition, online customer reviews influence purchase intention by providing social proof, product information, and confidence regarding product quality and customer experience. The combination of influencer marketing strategies and positive online reviews strengthens consumer attitudes toward purchasing decisions. This study provides practical implications for Lozy Hijab and similar fashion brands in optimizing digital marketing strategies on social commerce platforms by improving influencer collaboration and encouraging authentic customer feedback.

The Legal Regulation of Military Forensic Psychiatry in Enforcing Disciplinary Measures for Indonesian Army (TNI-AD) Soldiers

2026-09-18T10:41:07+07:00

Military discipline is a fundamental element of professionalism, command effectiveness, and operational readiness. However, disciplinary decisions become legally and clinically complex when alleged violations are associated with a soldier’s mental condition. This study analyzed the legal regulations and implementation of military forensic psychiatry in supporting disciplinary enforcement within the Indonesian Army (Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat [TNI-AD]). The analysis was based on legal system theory, legal protection theory, and progressive legal perspectives. The findings indicated that Indonesia has established legal frameworks governing mental health services, expert testimony, military discipline, and military justice; however, these regulations remain fragmented and have not yet provided an integrated mechanism that connects forensic psychiatric assessment results with disciplinary decision-making processes.The implementation of military forensic psychiatry was influenced by several factors, including regulatory fragmentation, unclear referral authority, inter-institutional coordination challenges, professional capacity, medical confidentiality, stigma related to mental health, command-level understanding, and fitness-for-duty assessments. This study proposed a model of Military Discipline with Mental Health Safeguards, which provides a procedural mechanism requiring professional assessment when there is a reasonable indication that mental health conditions may be relevant to a soldier’s behavior. The model differentiates between behaviors that are direct manifestations of mental disorders, behaviors partially influenced by mental health conditions, and intentional misconduct, while maintaining the authority of commanders and legal institutions in determining accountability. The proposed framework aims to strengthen legal certainty, fairness, mental health protection, and operational readiness without undermining the principles of military discipline.

Spiritual Neglect in the Digital Age: Its Impact on Religious Discipline and Students’ Motivation to Learn

2026-09-02T14:16:58+07:00

This study aimed to analyze the phenomenon of spiritual neglect in the digital era and its implications for worship discipline and learning motivation among boarding school-based Madrasah Aliyah students. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach supported by simple quantitative data. Data were collected through a Google Form-based questionnaire involving 34 students from grades X and XI, semi-structured interviews with five selected informants, post-holiday observations, and supporting documentation. The results showed that 70.6% of students used digital devices for more than four hours per day during the four-day holiday period. Furthermore, 52.9% of students reported a decline in worship quality, which was associated with increased gadget use intensity, changes in sleep patterns, and reduced self-regulation due to decreased supervision within the dormitory environment. Nevertheless, most students demonstrated improved learning focus after returning to the dormitory. These findings indicate that the boarding school environment functions as a supportive restorative setting in helping students re-establish spiritual routines and academic readiness after experiencing digital disruption during the holiday period. This study recommends strengthening spiritually oriented digital literacy programs and enhancing collaboration between dormitory administrators and parents to maintain students’ worship consistency during holiday periods.

Proposed Business Strategy to Maximize PT PLN (Persero) UID Lampung Performance in Agriculture: Bed Dryer Product Case

2026-09-16T14:01:59+07:00

Lampung Province is one of Indonesia’s leading agricultural regions, with significant potential to support national food security through agricultural downstream development and post-harvest modernization. One of the government’s key initiatives is the development of bed dryer facilities. However, despite this growing opportunity, PT PLN (Persero) UID Lampung has experienced declining industrial electricity sales and relatively low electricity utilization in the agricultural sector. This study aimed to formulate a business strategy for PT PLN (Persero) UID Lampung using a qualitative approach. The Analysis–Formulation–Implementation (AFI) framework was applied through PESTEL Analysis, Porter’s Five Forces, the VRIO Framework, SWOT Analysis, the Ansoff Matrix, Segmentation–Targeting–Positioning (STP), Value Proposition Analysis, and Differentiation–Marketing Mix–Selling (DMS) to identify strategic opportunities and formulate recommendations. The study is expected to provide actionable business strategies that enable PLN UID Lampung to expand productive electricity utilization, strengthen its role within the agricultural ecosystem, and enhance long-term organizational performance while supporting sustainable agricultural development.

Innovations in Design and Islamic-Value-Based Learning Models in the Digital Age: A Qualitative Study at MTS MAI Purwakarta

2026-09-02T14:21:29+07:00

s study examined the development of design innovations and Islamic-value-based learning models in addressing the challenges of the digital era at MTs MAI Purwakarta. The madrasah has distinctive characteristics due to its location within an Arab community that has developed since the colonial period, contributing to the formation of a strong Islamic educational tradition, particularly in Arabic language instruction, adab (Islamic manners), and the internalization of religious values. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and document reviews. The data were analyzed interactively through the processes of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that learning innovations at MTs MAI Purwakarta focus not only on the integration of digital technology but also on strengthening historically rooted Islamic values. The learning design integrates cognitive, affective, and spiritual dimensions through value internalization in learning planning, the utilization of Islamic-content-based digital media, and religious habituation within the learning environment. The implemented learning models are adaptive, including blended learning and digital-based collaborative learning, while remaining guided by Islamic values of adab and ethics. The findings reveal a synthesis between the Islamic educational traditions of the Arab community and the demands of contemporary digital learning. This study contributes to the development of an integrative Islamic-value-based learning model that is contextual and relevant to education in the digital era.

The Effect of Government Asset Management on Organizational Resilience Using the Asset Life Cycle Management Approach

2026-09-02T14:05:02+07:00

The institutional transformation following the establishment of the Ministry of Immigration and Corrections has fundamentally reshaped organizational governance within the Directorate General of Immigration, including the management of State-Owned Assets (Barang Milik Negara—BMN). This study aims to examine the influence of State Asset Governance and Asset Life Cycle Management on Organizational Resilience within the Directorate General of Immigration following institutional transformation. A quantitative research approach was employed using a survey method involving 109 respondents consisting of employees from Immigration Offices, Immigration Detention Centers, and Regional Offices of the Directorate General of Immigration who are involved in the management of State-Owned Assets. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings reveal that State Asset Governance and Asset Life Cycle Management simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on Organizational Resilience (F = 74.208; p < 0.001), with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.583. Partially, Asset Life Cycle Management demonstrates a more dominant influence (β = 0.434; p < 0.001) than State Asset Governance (β = 0.371; p = 0.001). These findings indicate that implementing accountable, transparent, and life cycle-oriented asset governance enhances an organization's capability to anticipate, respond to, and adapt to strategic environmental changes. This study highlights that strengthening State Asset Governance and implementing Asset Life Cycle Management are critical factors in building organizational resilience within the public sector, particularly in the Directorate General of Immigration during its institutional transformation.

Policy Network Gaps in Indonesia's Peacekeeping Governance: Evidence from the Democratic Republic of Congo

2026-09-16T13:54:22+07:00

Indonesia has maintained a significant role in United Nations peacekeeping operations; however, its peacekeeping governance continues to face challenges related to operational readiness, resource allocation, interagency coordination, and limited participation of non-state actors. This study examined gaps in Indonesia’s peacekeeping policy network and their implications for strengthening peacekeeping capabilities, using Indonesia’s peacekeeping mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) from 2018 to 2023 as a case study. The study employed a qualitative case study approach based on in-depth interviews, document analysis, and data triangulation. The analysis applied Frans van Waarden’s policy network framework, focusing on seven dimensions: actors, functions, structure, institutionalization, rules of conduct, power relations, and actor strategies. The findings revealed that Indonesia’s peacekeeping policy network remained predominantly state-centered, with decision-making authority concentrated among defense and military actors. Civil society organizations, academic institutions, international organizations, and the private sector had limited access to policy formulation and decision-making processes. The study also identified weaknesses in interagency coordination, institutionalized collaboration, resource support, and the integration of civilian perspectives into peacekeeping strategies. These network gaps constrained the development of comprehensive responses to operational, humanitarian, and long-term peacebuilding challenges in multidimensional peacekeeping missions. The study demonstrated that strengthening Indonesia’s peacekeeping capabilities requires a more inclusive and institutionalized policy network that expands meaningful participation among state and non-state actors while improving coordination and resource integration. This study contributes to peacekeeping governance research by demonstrating how structural and relational gaps within policy networks influence Indonesia’s capacity to address multidimensional peacekeeping challenges.

Effects of Dietary Fiber Interventions on Gut Health and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Human Intervention Studies

2026-09-02T13:59:52+07:00

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly increasing global health burden, with dietary fiber proposed as a modifiable nutritional strategy to improve glycemic control and gut health. However, clinical evidence regarding different fiber types and underlying mechanisms remains heterogeneous. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary fiber interventions on gut microbiota composition and glycemic outcomes in adults with T2DM. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library, and Europe PMC in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Human intervention studies, including randomized controlled trials, crossover trials, and controlled clinical trials involving adults with T2DM receiving dietary fiber supplementation or high-fiber dietary interventions, were eligible for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist.Twenty-six studies involving 1,601 participants were included. Dietary fiber interventions consistently improved glycemic outcomes, with the most consistent effects observed in reductions in fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), particularly with psyllium and inulin supplementation. Improvements in postprandial glucose responses were demonstrated across multiple fiber types in acute and short-term interventions. Dietary fiber supplementation may improve glycemic control in individuals with T2DM, with preliminary evidence suggesting that modulation of gut microbiota may contribute to these effects. Standardized, long-term clinical trials integrating metabolic and microbiota-related outcomes are required to further clarify these mechanisms.

Quality and User Satisfaction Analysis of Zalora.Co.Id E-Commerce Website Using Seo and Webqual 4.0 Methods

2026-09-07T22:28:49+07:00

The rapid growth of e-commerce in Indonesia has intensified competition among online retail platforms, making website visibility and user satisfaction critical success factors. This study aimed to analyze the quality and user satisfaction of the Zalora.co.id e-commerce website using Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and WebQual 4.0 methods. The SEO analysis applied White Hat SEO techniques using Similarweb.com, Website Grader, and SEO Site Checkup to evaluate website ranking, performance, and meta tags. WebQual 4.0 was used to assess website quality across three dimensions—usability, information quality, and service interaction quality—in relation to user satisfaction. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 82 Information Systems students at Gunadarma University. The results showed that Zalora.co.id ranked first in the Fashion and Apparel category in Indonesia and 450th nationally, achieved a performance score of 66 out of 100, and showed no meta tag errors. However, the website still exhibited issues related to page-loading speed, recorded at 21.7 seconds, and font-size readability on mobile devices. The WebQual analysis indicated that the three dimensions simultaneously influenced user satisfaction, which was categorized as very good. This study concluded that although Zalora.co.id demonstrated strong SEO performance, improvements in page-loading speed and mobile readability were still required to further enhance user satisfaction.

Cardiovascular Outcomes of Tirzepatide Compared with Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist (GLP-1) and Insulin in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2026-09-11T16:16:46+07:00

Cardiovascular disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, highlighting the need for antidiabetic therapies that provide metabolic benefits without increasing cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes of tirzepatide compared with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), insulin therapy, and placebo in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, and ScienceDirect databases were searched from inception to April 2026. Seven randomized controlled trials involving 21,108 participants met the eligibility criteria. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Mantel–Haenszel method, and subgroup analyses were performed according to comparator class. Tirzepatide did not significantly alter the risk of myocardial infarction compared with pooled comparators (RR 1.97; 95% CI 0.52–7.43; p = 0.31) or stroke (RR 2.47; 95% CI 0.45–13.52; p = 0.30). The risk of all-cause mortality was also comparable between groups (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.38–2.89; p = 0.92). Comparator-based subgroup analyses yielded similarly nonsignificant results. In conclusion, tirzepatide demonstrated a cardiovascular safety profile comparable to GLP-1 receptor agonists, insulin therapy, and placebo; however, additional long-term studies are required to determine whether it provides superior cardiovascular benefits.

Internal Control Strategies in The Face of Budget Constraints (A Case Study of The Inspector General's Office of The Ministry of Communications and Digital Technology)

2026-09-02T13:52:07+07:00

This research examines the implementation of internal control strategies in addressing budget constraints within the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs. The research is motivated by the 2025 fiscal efficiency policy, which significantly reduced budget allocations for government institutions, including internal audit units responsible for ensuring accountability and good governance. The objective of this research is to analyze how the five components of the COSO Internal Control Framework are implemented under limited financial resources, identify factors contributing to weaknesses in internal control, and explore adaptive strategies that support organizational effectiveness. This research employs a qualitative case study approach within an interpretivist paradigm. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis involving key stakeholders within the Inspectorate General. The data were analyzed using the interactive model developed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, with General Systems Theory and the COSO Internal Control Framework serving as analytical lenses. The findings indicate that budget constraints affect the effectiveness of internal control implementation, particularly in areas such as risk assessment, control activities, and capacity development. However, internal control remains effective when supported by strong organizational commitment and adaptive mechanisms. The research also reveals that the use of technology, human resource optimization, and risk-based prioritization are key adaptive strategies that enhance efficiency without compromising audit quality. In conclusion, internal control functions not only as a compliance mechanism but also as a strategic instrument that strengthens organizational resilience under conditions of fiscal constraint.

A Study on The Influence of Building Construction Project Delays Besed on Delay Factors using The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Methods in West Nusa Tenggara Province

2026-09-09T23:24:53+07:00

Building construction projects involve various complex stages, ranging from planning and material procurement to execution and quality control. This complexity requires effective and efficient project management to ensure that projects are completed according to the established schedule, quality standards, and budget. However, delays remain a common problem in construction project implementation and may result from various technical and nontechnical factors. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing delays in building construction projects and to determine the severity of delays across several projects in West Nusa Tenggara Province. The study employed the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the weights and priorities of delay factors and the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method to rank the severity of project delays. Data were obtained from respondents with experience and direct involvement in construction project implementation and were supported by actual project execution data from three case studies: Mataram University Hospital, Mandalika Hospital, and the Islamic Center. The AHP weighting results showed varying levels of importance among the delay factors. Criterion C2 had the highest weight (0.17), followed by C14 (0.12), C1 (0.11), and C7 (0.09). The SAW ranking results placed Mandalika Hospital first, the Islamic Center second, and Mataram University Hospital third in terms of delay severity. These findings indicated that project delays were not determined by a single factor but resulted from the cumulative influence of multiple factors with different levels of importance.

Green Industry Strategy in Palm Oil Agribusiness: Integration of the Involution Index and Life Cycle Assessment

2026-09-17T20:33:47+07:00

Indonesia’s palm oil industry contributes substantially to employment generation, export earnings, and the national economy; however, its operations remain associated with greenhouse gas emissions, resource inefficiency, biodiversity loss, and increasing sustainability challenges. This study aims to identify internal and external factors influencing green industry practices at PT Teladan Prima Agro and formulate strategies to enhance environmental performance, operational efficiency, and cost efficiency. A case study approach was employed using primary data collected through questionnaires, in-depth interviews with purposively selected internal and external experts, and field observations, complemented by secondary data. The data were analyzed using the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix, External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix, Internal–External (IE) matrix, TOWS analysis, and the four-action framework of the Blue Ocean Strategy. The company achieved an IFE score of 2.36 and an EFE score of 2.67, positioning it in quadrant V, which represents a hold-and-maintain strategic position. Six strategic alternatives were developed, consisting of two market penetration strategies and four product development strategies. The key strategic priorities include expanding circular economy practices and renewable energy initiatives, strengthening digital traceability and carbon Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) systems, enhancing climate risk identification and monitoring, adopting human rights-based labor standards, and implementing precision agriculture technologies. The study concludes that green industry initiatives require deeper integration into the business model to transform environmental improvements into tangible, measurable, sustainable, long-term operational and financial value.

An Adaptive-Applicative Model for the Empowerment of Transmigrant Communities: A Capability Ecosystem Approach to Regional Self-Reliance

2026-09-02T13:38:09+07:00

Transmigration remains an instrument for regional development in Indonesia; however, many transmigration areas continue to experience infrastructure deficits, weak institutional capacity, unresolved land conflicts, limited community participation, and dependence on government assistance programs. This study aimed to identify the systemic factors underlying unsuccessful transmigration empowerment and formulate an adaptive-applicative model to support sustainable regional self-reliance. A qualitative approach with a policy design research strategy was employed. Data were collected through document analysis, four focus group discussions involving 45 stakeholders, field observations, in-depth interviews conducted in 12 transmigration areas across Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, and consultations with eight experts. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis, cross-site comparison, policy analysis, and source and method triangulation. The findings identified five fundamental challenges: contextual incompatibility of empowerment programs, inadequate infrastructure, ineffective economic institutions, social and agrarian conflicts, and limited community ownership. The study proposed a two-level model integrating five dimensions of individual capability with three typologies of regional readiness, supported by a ten-year continuous mentoring system and a phased 2025–2045 roadmap. The model demonstrated that sustainable empowerment requires coordinated capability development, institutional strengthening, contextualized interventions, integrated financing mechanisms, and a planned transition from external assistance. It provides an evidence-based framework for transforming transmigration communities into self-reliant actors in regional development.

Negotiating Double Roles in Digital Marketing Adoption Among Women Digital Immigrant Home Based Microentrepreneurs

2026-09-02T13:49:59+07:00

Digital transformation has become an important driver of micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) sustainability, particularly through the adoption of digital marketing strategies. However, for women home-based microentrepreneurs classified as digital immigrants, the adoption process is determined not only by technological factors but also by psychological barriers and sociocultural conditions. This study addresses the gap in understanding how digital marketing adoption is shaped by the intersection of technological anxiety and domestic role expectations. The aim of this study was to explore how double roles influenced the process of digital marketing adoption among women digital immigrant home-based microentrepreneurs. A qualitative interpretive approach was employed through in-depth interviews with 15 women home-based microentrepreneurs. The data were analyzed using NVivo through thematic coding and visual analysis. The findings revealed three main patterns: a strong preference for simple and accessible digital platforms, particularly WhatsApp; the presence of technological anxiety manifested through fear of making mistakes in digital interactions; and an initial trial pattern characterized by trial-and-error learning. These processes were strongly influenced by double roles, in which digital marketing activities were continuously negotiated within limited time availability between domestic and economic responsibilities. This study concluded that digital marketing adoption in this context was a situational and negotiated process shaped more by emotional comfort and time constraints than by technological sophistication.

Implementation of a Real-Time Chat System Based on the MERN Stack and Socket.io with Natural Language Processing Integration for Automatic Sentiment Analysis

2026-09-02T13:57:47+07:00

Digital communication through chat platforms has become a primary medium for consultation services; however, the absence of non-verbal cues makes early detection of users’ emotional states challenging. This study implemented a real-time chat system based on the MERN Stack (MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, and Node.js) integrated with a lexicon-based Natural Language Processing (NLP) module to automatically detect message sentiment and risk levels. The system utilized Socket.io for bidirectional communication, with the NLP module positioned within the Controller layer and executed inline in the sendMessage event handler without requiring external services or message queues. Functional testing of the analyzeText() function across ten scenarios showed that all risk-level classifications matched the expected results. Sentiment classification achieved 80% accuracy, with two misclassifications attributed to the inherent limitations of lexicon-based matching in handling negation and substring ambiguity. All eleven Socket.io communication scenarios and seven REST API endpoints successfully passed testing. The MVC pattern within the MERN Stack demonstrated sufficient flexibility to accommodate an inline NLP module without requiring modifications to the Model or View layers. Furthermore, the tiered priority logic, which placed risky-word detection above sentiment scoring, maintained system reliability in critical cases despite occasional sentiment classification errors.

Effect of Liquid-To-Solid (L/S) Ratio on The Characteristics of Fly Ash and Pumice-Based Geopolymer Mortar for Lightweight Panel Applications

2026-09-02T13:44:32+07:00

Fly ash and pumice-based geopolymers have emerged as promising low-carbon construction materials with the potential to reduce the environmental impacts associated with Portland cement production. However, their performance is highly dependent on mixture proportions, particularly the liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the optimum L/S ratio and evaluate its effect on the characteristics of fly ash and pumice-based geopolymer mortar. A laboratory experimental program was conducted using five liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratios of 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, and 0.60. The investigated properties included compressive strength, density, and water absorption. The statistical significance of the L/S ratio was evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The L/S ratio significantly influenced the compressive strength, density, and water absorption of geopolymer mortar. The optimum performance was achieved at an L/S ratio of 0.45, resulting in the highest compressive strength (21.03 MPa), highest density (2.12 g/cm³), and lowest water absorption (6%). One-way ANOVA confirmed that variations in the L/S ratio had statistically significant effects on all investigated properties (p < 0.001), with coefficients of determination of 99.44% for compressive strength, 98.42% for density, and 75.04% for water absorption. The liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio was identified as a critical parameter governing matrix densification, porosity development, and the physical and mechanical properties of fly ash and pumice-based geopolymer mortar. An L/S ratio of 0.45 was recommended as the optimum condition for achieving the best balance among compressive strength, density, and water absorption.

Becoming Character Religious Student Through Habituation Congregational prayer at SDN Tajurhalang 03

2026-09-02T14:18:37+07:00

A nation is built upon a set of values and behavioral habits that reflect the mentality and character of its people. These values become a strong foundation for national identity, as the success of a country is not only measured by current achievements but also by the quality of its younger generation as future leaders. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of congregational prayer habituation in developing students’ religious character at SDN Tajurhalang 03 Bogor. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects included Islamic Religious Education teachers, students, and other school stakeholders involved in implementing the congregational prayer program. The findings showed that the habituation of Dhuhr congregational prayer positively contributed to the development of students’ religious character, including increased discipline, responsibility, social awareness, and worship awareness. The supporting factors for this program included support from the school principal, teachers, and students’ parents. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors included limited student awareness, time constraints, and insufficient family supervision at home. Therefore, the habituation of congregational prayer can serve as an effective strategy for strengthening students’ religious character within the elementary school environment.

Mother Tongue Barriers and⁠ Anecdote Text Writing in Indonesian as A Second Language: A Genre-Based Study of Papua Students

2026-09-11T16:16:29+07:00

Writing Indonesian anecdote texts presents challenges for Papuan students who use languages as their mother tongues. Linguistic differences, limited genre knowledge, and insufficiently contextualized instruction may affect their ability to produce coherent and complete texts. This study aimed to describe students’ anecdote-writing competence, identify forms of mother-tongue interference, and examine the pedagogical relevance of a genre-based approach. A descriptive-exploratory design was employed at SMA Negeri Meepago, Papua, involving 48 Grade X students, one Indonesian language teacher, and the principal. Data were collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and unsupported student writing tasks, then analyzed thematically using ATLAS.ti 9 through initial, focused, and theoretical coding. The findings showed that 41 students (85%) demonstrated mother-tongue interference, including grammatical transfer, inverted word order, dialectal lexical intrusion, direct translation, omission of function words, and incomplete sentences. Moreover, 38 students (79%) displayed inadequate knowledge of anecdote structures, while only 40% achieved the minimum writing competency criterion. These difficulties were reinforced by lecture-centered teaching, limited genre modeling, and materials that were insufficiently connected to Papuan contexts. The study concludes that a culturally responsive genre-based approach is needed to provide explicit modeling, collaborative construction, and scaffolding, thereby improving students’ linguistic accuracy, textual coherence, and mastery of anecdote writing.

Experiences of the Elderly in Learning the Qur’an via the Al-Ishlah Method Within the Qur’anic Literacy Program

2026-09-02T14:14:26+07:00

The ability to read the Al-Qur’an is an essential foundation of Islamic worship; however, Al-Qur’an literacy among elderly individuals remains a significant challenge due to cognitive decline and limited educational opportunities in the past. This study aimed to describe and explore the lived experiences of elderly learners participating in Al-Qur’an learning through the Al-Ishlah method within an Al-Qur’an literacy program. Employing a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design, this study involved seven elderly female participants aged 40–62 years at Majlis Taklim Nur Husni Hidayah, Karawang, who were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, analyzed using interactive analysis consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, and validated through triangulation. The findings identified four central themes: (1) strong spiritual motivation driven by eschatological orientation toward preparing for the end of life; (2) physiological and cognitive barriers, including short-term memory decline, visual impairment, and articulation difficulties (makhraj); (3) the effectiveness of the practical Al-Ishlah method combined with a patient and humanistic muallim approach, which reduced cognitive burden and affective barriers; and (4) holistic self-transformation characterized by increased self-efficacy, inner peace, and strengthened social support networks. This study concludes that the Al-Ishlah method and an adaptive classical learning environment effectively support elderly learners in overcoming age-related learning challenges. Future program improvements should include the implementation of large-print learning materials and the optimization of individualized guidance (talaqqi).

The Role of Compensation in Improving the Quality of Teaching at Maitreyawira Tanjungpinang Primary School

2026-09-18T10:42:49+07:00

Education is one of the fundamental pillars of national development. High-quality education depends significantly on the role of competent and motivated educators. In the elementary school context, teachers play an essential role in developing students’ foundational knowledge and character. This study aimed to explore the role of compensation in improving teaching quality at Maitreyawira Tanjungpinang Primary School. A qualitative approach was employed using in-depth interviews and observations to examine how compensation influenced teachers’ motivation and performance. The findings indicated that although the existing compensation structure was relatively standard, several factors shaped teachers’ perceptions of compensation and its impact on performance. Teachers who perceived their compensation as adequate demonstrated higher commitment and engagement in teaching activities, whereas those who perceived their compensation as insufficient tended to experience signs of burnout and reduced enthusiasm. This study suggested that improved compensation adjustments and the provision of additional allowances could enhance teacher motivation and teaching quality at Maitreyawira Tanjungpinang Primary School.

Effect of Liquid-to-Solid (L/S) Ratio on The Characteristics of Metakaolinbased Geopolymer Mortar for Lightweight Panel Applications

2026-09-02T13:46:20+07:00

The development of low-carbon construction materials has become increasingly important to mitigate the environmental impacts associated with the extensive use of Portland cement. Metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar has emerged as a promising alternative binder due to its environmental advantages and favorable engineering properties. This study aimed to determine the optimum liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio and evaluate its effects on the compressive strength, density, and water absorption of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar. An experimental laboratory investigation was conducted using five liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratios of 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, and 0.60. The evaluated properties included compressive strength, density, and water absorption. Statistical significance was assessed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).The L/S ratio significantly influenced all measured properties. The optimum performance was achieved at an L/S ratio of 0.45, which resulted in the highest compressive strength (16.60 MPa), the highest density (1.96 g/cm³), and the lowest water absorption (4%). One-way ANOVA confirmed that the L/S ratio had a significant effect on compressive strength, density, and water absorption (p < 0.001). The liquid-to-solid ratio was identified as a critical parameter governing microstructural densification, porosity development, and the physical and mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar. An L/S ratio of 0.45 was recommended as the optimum condition for achieving balanced mechanical performance and durability-related properties.

A Comparison of the Accuracy of the Kagoshima Score and the Wells Score in Predicting Suprainguinal Deep Vein Thrombosis at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital

2026-09-02T14:25:55+07:00

Background: Suprainguinal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a thrombotic condition associated with serious complications such as pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome. The clinical manifestations of suprainguinal DVT are often nonspecific, making early diagnosis challenging, particularly in healthcare facilities with limited access to vascular imaging modalities. Wells Score and Kagoshima Score are clinical scoring systems used to increase the probability of DVT detection; however, their performance in suprainguinal DVT has not been widely evaluated. Methods: This study was a retrospective medical record-based study involving patients with CTA-confirmed suprainguinal DVT at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital. Data collected included demographic characteristics, thrombotic risk factors, clinical manifestations, Wells Score, and Kagoshima Score. Analyses were performed to evaluate the sensitivity of both scores and factors associated with false-negative predictions. Results: A total of 47 patients with CTA-confirmed suprainguinal DVT were included in this study. Most subjects were female, with a mean age above 50 years. The most common clinical manifestation was lower limb edema (95.7%), followed by superficial venous dilatation and lower extremity pain. Kagoshima Score demonstrated a sensitivity of 91.5%, whereas Wells Score showed a sensitivity of 89.4%. Bivariate analysis revealed that younger age and absence of cancer history were significantly associated with false-negative predictions in both scoring systems. In addition, lower BMI was associated with false-negative prediction in Wells Score. All patients with a history of malignancy were successfully classified as high-risk by both scores.

Metabolic Risk Profile and Visual Function Among Ride-Hailing Drivers

2026-09-16T14:06:59+07:00

Fly ash- and pumice-based geopolymers have emerged as promising low-carbon construction materials with the potential to reduce the environmental impacts associated with Portland cement production. However, their performance is highly dependent on mixture proportions, particularly the liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the optimum L/S ratio and evaluate its influence on the characteristics of geopolymer mortar. A laboratory experimental program was conducted using five liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratios of 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, and 0.60. The investigated properties included compressive strength, density, and water absorption. The statistical significance of the L/S ratio was evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The L/S ratio significantly affected the compressive strength, density, and water absorption of geopolymer mortar. The optimum performance was achieved at an L/S ratio of 0.45, yielding the highest compressive strength (21.03 MPa), highest density (2.12 g/cm³), and lowest water absorption (6%). One-way ANOVA confirmed that variations in the L/S ratio had statistically significant effects on all investigated properties (p < 0.001), with coefficients of determination of 99.44% for compressive strength, 98.42% for density, and 75.04% for water absorption. The liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio is a critical parameter governing matrix densification, porosity development, and the physical and mechanical properties of fly ash- and pumice-based geopolymer mortar. An L/S ratio of 0.45 is recommended as the optimum condition for achieving the best balance among compressive strength, density, and water absorption.

A Study on The Vulnerability of Coastal Areas to Earthquakes and Tsunamis, and A Swot Analysis for Mitigation Based on A Socio-Ecological Framework in West Ternate, Ternate City, North Maluku Province

2026-09-02T14:29:16+07:00

The coastal area of West Ternate, Ternate City, North Maluku Province, is highly vulnerable to earthquake and tsunami hazards because of its direct exposure to the double-subduction system of the Molucca Sea. This study aimed to analyze the potential impacts of earthquakes and tsunamis, examine the relationship between coastal morphological characteristics and tsunami susceptibility, and formulate applicable and realistic disaster mitigation strategies. The study employed a qualitative approach using the Socio-Ecological Framework (SEF) integrated with SWOT analysis. Data were obtained through a literature review, analysis of seismic data from BMKG and the USGS, field observations, interpretation of satellite and drone imagery, and in-depth interviews with local communities and relevant stakeholders. The results indicated that the Molucca Sea region exhibited high seismic activity and recurrent earthquake and tsunami potential, while the coastal morphology of West Ternate, characterized by narrow bays and steep topography, contributed to tsunami-wave amplification. In addition, disaster risk was influenced by interactions among physical, social, and institutional factors. The study concluded that disaster mitigation strategies in West Ternate should be developed through an integrated approach that considers coastal geomorphological conditions, seismic hazard patterns, community preparedness, and local institutional capacity. The findings are expected to provide a scientific basis for area-based earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation planning in West Ternate.

Reducing Stockouts and Improving Inventory Performance of Category a Cardiovascular Drugs Through Kraljic Matrix and MMSL in Pharmacy in Indonesia

2026-09-02T14:33:34+07:00

Cardiovascular medicines require continuous availability because treatment interruptions may compromise chronic disease management. However, community pharmacies often experience stockouts, supply uncertainty, and inefficient inventory investment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating the Kraljic Matrix and Minimum–Maximum Stock Level (MMSL) methods in improving the inventory performance of category A cardiovascular medicines at a community pharmacy in Bandung, Indonesia. A quasi-experimental pre–post design without a control group was applied using retrospective data from August–December 2025 and prospective data from January–May 2026. Thirty category A medicines were classified using the Kraljic Matrix, followed by quadrant-specific procurement strategies and MMSL calculations. Performance was assessed through stockout incidents, stockout duration, stockout losses, average inventory value, and Inventory Turnover Ratio (ITOR), with differences tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Stockout incidents decreased from 31 to 8, while median stockout duration and losses declined from four days and IDR 106,546 to zero. Median ITOR increased from 0.99 to 1.17, although average inventory value increased due to additional safety stock requirements. All indicators showed significant changes with large effect sizes. The integrated approach effectively reduced stockouts and improved inventory utilization, supporting risk-based procurement strategies for cardiovascular medicines in community pharmacies while maintaining treatment continuity and operational resilience.

Organizational Implementation Model at Cadangpinggan Islamic Boarding School for Strengthening Student Leadership Character Based on Islamic Educational Values

2026-09-17T20:51:13+07:00

Leadership character education is essential for preparing Islamic boarding school students to respond responsibly to social change and assume meaningful roles in their communities. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the Cadangpinggan Santri Organization (OSACA) in strengthening students’ leadership character, identify its supporting and inhibiting factors, and formulate an implementation model grounded in Islamic educational values. A qualitative case study approach was conducted at Cadangpinggan Islamic Boarding School in Indramayu, West Java. Informants were selected purposively and included OSACA supervisors, organizational leaders and administrators, pesantren administrators, and participating students. Data were collected through observation, in-depth semi-structured interviews, and documentation, then analyzed through data condensation, data display, conclusion drawing, and verification. Data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings showed that OSACA developed leadership through an interconnected cycle of cadre formation, coaching, responsibility assignment, organizational practice, mentoring, evaluation, and regeneration. This experiential process strengthened trustworthiness, responsibility, discipline, communication, cooperation, self-confidence, decision-making, problem-solving, and role modeling. Its implementation was supported by the pesantren environment, mentor involvement, organizational structure, administrator competence, and member cooperation, but was constrained by limited experience, coordination challenges, time management issues, and mentoring limitations. The study concluded that OSACA provided an effective and sustainable experience-based model that integrated Islamic values with practical leadership development.

Assessment of Building Damage Levels and Methods to Accelerate the Rehabilitation of Madrasah Schools in North Lombok Regency

2026-07-25T09:19:52+07:00

North Lombok Regency remains vulnerable to earthquakes, and damage to madrasah buildings continues to disrupt safe learning environments. This study aimed to assess the level of building damage and formulate priority strategies for accelerating madrasah rehabilitation in the region. A mixed-methods approach was applied to 12 madrasahs comprising 65 buildings. Data were collected through visual assessments of structural, architectural, and utility components based on Circular Letter No. 47/SE/DC/2020. The findings were analyzed using Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis, Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS), External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS), and the Analytic Network Process (ANP) using Super Decisions 2.10. The results showed that 42 buildings (64.62%) were slightly damaged, nine buildings (13.85%) were moderately damaged, and 14 buildings (21.54%) were severely damaged. IFAS and EFAS scores of 0.80 and 0.25, respectively, positioned the rehabilitation strategy in Quadrant I, indicating an aggressive strategic position. The ANP results ranked risk mitigation and prevention of structural failure as the leading strategy (14.87%), followed by industrialized earthquake-resistant construction using modular or prefabricated methods (13.34%). Kendall’s coefficient of concordance reached 1.00, indicating perfect agreement among experts. The study concluded that rehabilitation efforts should prioritize structural safety, earthquake resistance, and accelerated construction processes while supporting administrative efficiency, budget utilization, and cost-effective contracting strategies.

Symbolic Interaction Communication of Traditional Games in Yogyakarta Palace Culture

2026-09-01T14:35:03+07:00

Traditional games constitute living cultural heritage that transmits social values, collective memory, and cultural identity; however, their meanings are increasingly threatened by modernization and digitally oriented leisure activities. This study aimed to analyze symbolic interactions in traditional games within the Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Palace, identify the meanings attributed to their symbols by abdi dalem, and explain their role in sustaining Javanese culture. The study employed a qualitative design combining phenomenology and communication ethnography. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews with purposively selected abdi dalem, and documentation, then analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and source, theoretical, and methodological triangulation. The findings revealed that symbolic interactions developed through Mead’s interconnected concepts of mind, self, and society. Game forms, numbers, colors, movements, turns, and customary rules functioned as significant symbols conveying ethical, social, philosophical, and spiritual meanings. Traditional games also facilitated role-taking, value transmission, social cohesion, and the reinforcement of cultural identity. The discussion demonstrates that abdi dalem act simultaneously as players and interpreters who continually negotiate shared meanings within palace norms. Therefore, traditional games are not merely recreational activities but also living communication systems that preserve Javanese values and support intergenerational cultural continuity within contemporary society amid rapidly changing social conditions.

Design and Evaluation of a Flutter Node.js Mongo DB System for Hospital Nutritional Inventory Auditing

2026-09-02T13:48:02+07:00

Manual auditing of hospital nutritional supplies often results in delays, transcription errors, and discrepancies between physical stock and system records. This study designed and evaluated a mobile-cloud inventory auditing system for the nutritional installation at RSUD Kraton Pekalongan. The system was developed using the Waterfall Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model and implemented with a Flutter mobile application, a Node.js backend, a MongoDB database, and Firebase-based data synchronization. Actual operational data from a one-month deployment in April 2025 were used to evaluate the system against the previous manual workflow. The results showed an input accuracy of 98.47% (1,226 valid entries out of 1,245), a 90% reduction in inventory discrepancies, and an 80% reduction in auditing time, from 4.5 hours to 0.9 hours per section. Furthermore, network latency evaluation showed an average optimized payload ingestion time of 0.8 seconds under stable connectivity, supported by a low database input/output (I/O) footprint of 310.91 B/s for inbound traffic. These findings indicate that the proposed system substantially improved data consistency, reduced the burden of manual transcription, and accelerated hospital logistics auditing without requiring excessive network bandwidth. The study contributes a validated implementation model for mobile-cloud inventory management in healthcare settings and provides a practical foundation for future predictive inventory planning.

Analysis of the Impact of Internal and External Factors on the Financial Performance of Energy Subsector Maritime Transport Companies in ASEAN (2020–2024)

2026-08-28T13:50:36+07:00

Maritime transportation supports energy distribution and international trade across ASEAN; however, its financial performance is exposed to both corporate conditions and external market volatility. This study aims to examine the effects of liquidity, capital structure, asset efficiency, firm size, growth, global energy prices, and freight rates on the financial performance of energy-subsector maritime transportation companies in ASEAN during 2020–2024. A quantitative explanatory research design was employed using secondary data obtained from S&P Capital IQ, the IMF Global Price of Energy Index accessed through FRED, and the Baltic Dirty Tanker Index. Purposive sampling was used to select 43 listed companies, resulting in 215 firm-year observations, of which 172 were included in the regression analysis because growth calculations required lagged data. Panel data regression was conducted using R software, supported by the Chow test, Hausman test, and Breusch–Pagan Lagrange Multiplier test, with firm-clustered robust standard errors applied to address potential heteroskedasticity and within-firm correlation. The fixed-effects model results indicate that all internal and external variables simultaneously have a significant effect on operating return on assets. Partially, only total asset turnover has a positive and significant effect, whereas liquidity, leverage, firm size, growth, energy prices, and freight rates do not show statistically significant effects. These findings indicate that efficient asset utilization, particularly fleet productivity, is the primary determinant of financial performance. Therefore, companies should prioritize asset optimization while strengthening financial management and external risk mitigation strategies.

The Relationship Between Social Connectedness and Perceptions of Discrimination Among Papuan Students in Jakarta

2026-09-05T13:57:37+07:00

Papuan university students studying in Jakarta face the demands of adjusting to a different social and cultural environment, as well as the possibility of experiencing treatment perceived as discriminatory. Under these circumstances, social connectedness is important because it relates to feelings of acceptance, interpersonal closeness, and belonging within a social environment. This study aimed to examine the relationship between social connectedness and perceived discrimination among Papuan university students in Jakarta. This study employed a quantitative method with a descriptive correlational approach. The participants were 382 Papuan university students studying in Jakarta who were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Social Connectedness Scale-Revised and the Everyday Discrimination Scale. The data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank-order correlation, the Mann–Whitney U test, and the Kruskal–Wallis test. The results revealed a significant negative relationship between social connectedness and perceived discrimination (rₛ = −.469, p < .001), with a moderate correlation strength. This finding indicates that higher social connectedness among Papuan university students was associated with lower reported perceived discrimination. Conversely, lower social connectedness was associated with higher perceived discrimination.