Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies

Effect of Liquid-To-Solid (L/S) Ratio on The Characteristics of Fly Ash and Pumice-Based Geopolymer Mortar for Lightweight Panel Applications

2026-09-02T13:44:32+07:00

Fly ash and pumice-based geopolymers have emerged as promising low-carbon construction materials with the potential to reduce the environmental impacts associated with Portland cement production. However, their performance is highly dependent on mixture proportions, particularly the liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the optimum L/S ratio and evaluate its effect on the characteristics of fly ash and pumice-based geopolymer mortar. A laboratory experimental program was conducted using five liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratios of 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, and 0.60. The investigated properties included compressive strength, density, and water absorption. The statistical significance of the L/S ratio was evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The L/S ratio significantly influenced the compressive strength, density, and water absorption of geopolymer mortar. The optimum performance was achieved at an L/S ratio of 0.45, resulting in the highest compressive strength (21.03 MPa), highest density (2.12 g/cm³), and lowest water absorption (6%). One-way ANOVA confirmed that variations in the L/S ratio had statistically significant effects on all investigated properties (p < 0.001), with coefficients of determination of 99.44% for compressive strength, 98.42% for density, and 75.04% for water absorption. The liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio was identified as a critical parameter governing matrix densification, porosity development, and the physical and mechanical properties of fly ash and pumice-based geopolymer mortar. An L/S ratio of 0.45 was recommended as the optimum condition for achieving the best balance among compressive strength, density, and water absorption.

Effect of Liquid-to-Solid (L/S) Ratio on The Characteristics of Metakaolinbased Geopolymer Mortar for Lightweight Panel Applications

2026-09-02T13:46:20+07:00

The development of low-carbon construction materials has become increasingly important to mitigate the environmental impacts associated with the extensive use of Portland cement. Metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar has emerged as a promising alternative binder due to its environmental advantages and favorable engineering properties. This study aimed to determine the optimum liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio and evaluate its effects on the compressive strength, density, and water absorption of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar. An experimental laboratory investigation was conducted using five liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratios of 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, and 0.60. The evaluated properties included compressive strength, density, and water absorption. Statistical significance was assessed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).The L/S ratio significantly influenced all measured properties. The optimum performance was achieved at an L/S ratio of 0.45, which resulted in the highest compressive strength (16.60 MPa), the highest density (1.96 g/cm³), and the lowest water absorption (4%). One-way ANOVA confirmed that the L/S ratio had a significant effect on compressive strength, density, and water absorption (p < 0.001). The liquid-to-solid ratio was identified as a critical parameter governing microstructural densification, porosity development, and the physical and mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar. An L/S ratio of 0.45 was recommended as the optimum condition for achieving balanced mechanical performance and durability-related properties.

Assessment of Building Damage Levels and Methods to Accelerate the Rehabilitation of Madrasah Schools in North Lombok Regency

2026-07-25T09:19:52+07:00

North Lombok Regency remains vulnerable to earthquakes, and damage to madrasah buildings continues to disrupt safe learning environments. This study aimed to assess the level of building damage and formulate priority strategies for accelerating madrasah rehabilitation in the region. A mixed-methods approach was applied to 12 madrasahs comprising 65 buildings. Data were collected through visual assessments of structural, architectural, and utility components based on Circular Letter No. 47/SE/DC/2020. The findings were analyzed using Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis, Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS), External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS), and the Analytic Network Process (ANP) using Super Decisions 2.10. The results showed that 42 buildings (64.62%) were slightly damaged, nine buildings (13.85%) were moderately damaged, and 14 buildings (21.54%) were severely damaged. IFAS and EFAS scores of 0.80 and 0.25, respectively, positioned the rehabilitation strategy in Quadrant I, indicating an aggressive strategic position. The ANP results ranked risk mitigation and prevention of structural failure as the leading strategy (14.87%), followed by industrialized earthquake-resistant construction using modular or prefabricated methods (13.34%). Kendall’s coefficient of concordance reached 1.00, indicating perfect agreement among experts. The study concluded that rehabilitation efforts should prioritize structural safety, earthquake resistance, and accelerated construction processes while supporting administrative efficiency, budget utilization, and cost-effective contracting strategies.

Symbolic Interaction Communication of Traditional Games in Yogyakarta Palace Culture

2026-09-01T14:35:03+07:00

Traditional games constitute living cultural heritage that transmits social values, collective memory, and cultural identity; however, their meanings are increasingly threatened by modernization and digitally oriented leisure activities. This study aimed to analyze symbolic interactions in traditional games within the Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Palace, identify the meanings attributed to their symbols by abdi dalem, and explain their role in sustaining Javanese culture. The study employed a qualitative design combining phenomenology and communication ethnography. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews with purposively selected abdi dalem, and documentation, then analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and source, theoretical, and methodological triangulation. The findings revealed that symbolic interactions developed through Mead’s interconnected concepts of mind, self, and society. Game forms, numbers, colors, movements, turns, and customary rules functioned as significant symbols conveying ethical, social, philosophical, and spiritual meanings. Traditional games also facilitated role-taking, value transmission, social cohesion, and the reinforcement of cultural identity. The discussion demonstrates that abdi dalem act simultaneously as players and interpreters who continually negotiate shared meanings within palace norms. Therefore, traditional games are not merely recreational activities but also living communication systems that preserve Javanese values and support intergenerational cultural continuity within contemporary society amid rapidly changing social conditions.

Design and Evaluation of a Flutter Node.js Mongo DB System for Hospital Nutritional Inventory Auditing

2026-09-02T13:48:02+07:00

Manual auditing of hospital nutritional supplies often results in delays, transcription errors, and discrepancies between physical stock and system records. This study designed and evaluated a mobile-cloud inventory auditing system for the nutritional installation at RSUD Kraton Pekalongan. The system was developed using the Waterfall Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model and implemented with a Flutter mobile application, a Node.js backend, a MongoDB database, and Firebase-based data synchronization. Actual operational data from a one-month deployment in April 2025 were used to evaluate the system against the previous manual workflow. The results showed an input accuracy of 98.47% (1,226 valid entries out of 1,245), a 90% reduction in inventory discrepancies, and an 80% reduction in auditing time, from 4.5 hours to 0.9 hours per section. Furthermore, network latency evaluation showed an average optimized payload ingestion time of 0.8 seconds under stable connectivity, supported by a low database input/output (I/O) footprint of 310.91 B/s for inbound traffic. These findings indicate that the proposed system substantially improved data consistency, reduced the burden of manual transcription, and accelerated hospital logistics auditing without requiring excessive network bandwidth. The study contributes a validated implementation model for mobile-cloud inventory management in healthcare settings and provides a practical foundation for future predictive inventory planning.

Analysis of the Impact of Internal and External Factors on the Financial Performance of Energy Subsector Maritime Transport Companies in ASEAN (2020–2024)

2026-08-28T13:50:36+07:00

Maritime transportation supports energy distribution and international trade across ASEAN; however, its financial performance is exposed to both corporate conditions and external market volatility. This study aims to examine the effects of liquidity, capital structure, asset efficiency, firm size, growth, global energy prices, and freight rates on the financial performance of energy-subsector maritime transportation companies in ASEAN during 2020–2024. A quantitative explanatory research design was employed using secondary data obtained from S&P Capital IQ, the IMF Global Price of Energy Index accessed through FRED, and the Baltic Dirty Tanker Index. Purposive sampling was used to select 43 listed companies, resulting in 215 firm-year observations, of which 172 were included in the regression analysis because growth calculations required lagged data. Panel data regression was conducted using R software, supported by the Chow test, Hausman test, and Breusch–Pagan Lagrange Multiplier test, with firm-clustered robust standard errors applied to address potential heteroskedasticity and within-firm correlation. The fixed-effects model results indicate that all internal and external variables simultaneously have a significant effect on operating return on assets. Partially, only total asset turnover has a positive and significant effect, whereas liquidity, leverage, firm size, growth, energy prices, and freight rates do not show statistically significant effects. These findings indicate that efficient asset utilization, particularly fleet productivity, is the primary determinant of financial performance. Therefore, companies should prioritize asset optimization while strengthening financial management and external risk mitigation strategies.

The Relationship Between Social Connectedness and Perceptions of Discrimination Among Papuan Students in Jakarta

2026-09-05T13:57:37+07:00

Papuan university students studying in Jakarta face the demands of adjusting to a different social and cultural environment, as well as the possibility of experiencing treatment perceived as discriminatory. Under these circumstances, social connectedness is important because it relates to feelings of acceptance, interpersonal closeness, and belonging within a social environment. This study aimed to examine the relationship between social connectedness and perceived discrimination among Papuan university students in Jakarta. This study employed a quantitative method with a descriptive correlational approach. The participants were 382 Papuan university students studying in Jakarta who were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Social Connectedness Scale-Revised and the Everyday Discrimination Scale. The data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank-order correlation, the Mann–Whitney U test, and the Kruskal–Wallis test. The results revealed a significant negative relationship between social connectedness and perceived discrimination (rₛ = −.469, p < .001), with a moderate correlation strength. This finding indicates that higher social connectedness among Papuan university students was associated with lower reported perceived discrimination. Conversely, lower social connectedness was associated with higher perceived discrimination.