Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies

The Impact of Productive Zakat Utilization on the Improvement of Micro Enterprises and Religiosity of Mustahiqqs in Rusunawa Marunda, North Jakarta: A Study at Baznas DKI Jakarta Province

2026-05-21T03:29:18+07:00

The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between the utilization of productive zakat to micro businesses and the relationship between the utilization of productive zakat and religiosity. This quantitative research is supported by literature such as books and internet sites, using a survey method through the distribution of questionnaires with a likert scale. To analyze the data, this study used Partial Least Square (PLS) with three measurement models: outer model, inner model, Goodness of Fit (GoF) criteria, and hypothesis testing. Primary data came from mustaḥiqq questionnaires and interviews conducted at the National Amil Zakat Agency of DKI Jakarta Province. Secondary data were obtained through literature studies and available information about the agency. The results of the study show that the utilization of productive zakat has a significant influence on the increase in micro businesses by 0.593. So that mustaḥiqq can meet the needs of life. Then the relationship between the utilization of productive zakat and the increase in religiosity, namely the utilization of productive zakat, has a positive and significant influence on the increase in religiosity by 0.550. So that mustaḥiqq becomes religious. This thesis has an argument that zakat religious institutions have a role in alleviating poverty by providing business capital and spiritual guidance through religious activities.

The Influence of Digital Literacy, Digital Behavior, and Perceived Usefulness on Green Finance Awareness through Green Behavioral Intention in the Multifinance Context of Indonesia.

2026-05-22T15:11:28+07:00

This study examines the influence of digital literacy, digital behavior, and perceived usefulness on green finance awareness, with green behavioral intention acting as a mediating variable within Indonesia’s multifinance sector. As sustainable finance initiatives expand under regulatory encouragement, awareness among financial employees remains uneven, particularly in emerging markets where digital readiness varies. Drawing upon the Technology Acceptance Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior, this research adopts a quantitative explanatory approach using survey data collected from 270 employees of multifinance institutions in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate direct and indirect relationships among constructs. The findings reveal that digital literacy, digital behavior, and perceived usefulness significantly influence green behavioral intention, which in turn exerts a strong positive effect on green finance awareness. Although the direct effects of digital factors on awareness remain significant, their impacts are partially mediated by green behavioral intention. These results highlight the importance of strengthening digital competencies and fostering pro-environmental behavioral intentions to enhance sustainable finance awareness. The study contributes to the integration of digital transformation and sustainability frameworks while offering practical implications for regulators and multifinance institutions seeking to accelerate green finance adoption in Indonesia

The Dynamics of the Quality of Life of Tuberculosis Patients in Palembang City: A Phenomenological Study

2026-05-26T09:15:56+07:00

This study aims to explore the dynamics of the quality of life of tuberculosis (TB) patients in Palembang City through a phenomenological study. Tuberculosis is not merely a physical disease that attacks the respiratory system, but also has a significant impact on the psychological aspects and overall well-being of patients. The high incidence of TB in Palembang City, which records the highest cases in South Sumatra Province, underscores the importance of understanding the perceptions and lived experiences of those affected. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The research subjects consisted of two TB patients with a history of disease relapse (initials AS and F), supported by two knowledgeable informants from the family and Patient Support Group. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and documentation techniques. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model and the Spradley model to draw systematic conclusions. The results of the study indicate that both subjects were able to achieve an adequate level of quality of life despite having to face physical challenges due to treatment side effects and psychosocial burdens in the form of stigma and limited social interaction. The dynamics of a patient's quality of life are significantly influenced by several key factors, including microsystem (family) support, access to government health services, and spiritual strength and internal motivation to recover. Adaptability and effective emotional regulation have been shown to be crucial elements in maintaining well-being throughout long-term treatment.

Analysis of the Effect of an IoT Monitoring System on the Rate of Voltage Decline in 18650 Li-Ion Batteries Using Deep-Sleep and Non-Deep-Sleep Strategies

2026-06-01T23:57:41+07:00

IoT-based monitoring systems often rely on batteries as their main power source; however, continuous data acquisition and transmission can accelerate battery voltage drop, thereby reducing operational lifespan. This research analyzes the effect of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system on the voltage drop rate of 18650 Li-ion batteries, and compares the characteristics of voltage drop in deep-sleep and non-deep-sleep operating modes using a comparative quantitative experimental approach. The ESP32-based monitoring system was tested under three operating conditions: baseline (without a monitoring system), deep-sleep, and non-deep-sleep. Battery voltage measurements were carried out periodically over a predetermined observation duration. The results show that the IoT monitoring system affects the characteristics of battery voltage drop, and that different device operating modes result in different voltage drop rates. The non-deep-sleep condition exhibits the fastest voltage drop, while the deep-sleep strategy is able to reduce the rate of voltage drop more effectively than continuous operation. These findings indicate that the deep-sleep strategy contributes to improved energy efficiency in battery-based monitoring systems and may represent a more appropriate approach to slowing the rate of battery discharge, supporting the development of more energy-efficient and reliable IoT systems.

The Role of Transformational Leadership on Environmental Performance Through Organizational Culture and Work Motivation at PT. Maligi Permata Industrial Estate Karawang

2026-05-21T03:18:42+07:00

This research aims to analyze the influence of transformational leadership on environmental performance, with organizational culture and work motivation as mediating variables at PT. Maligi Permata Industrial Estate (MPIE) Karawang. The background of this study is based on the need for industrial companies to not only focus on economic efficiency but also on environmental sustainability, which is an important indicator in green industrial development. The research method used an explanatory quantitative approach with the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to employees of the Utility and Environmental Control Division who are directly involved in the management of resources, energy, and the industrial estate environment. The results show that transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational culture, but does not directly affect work motivation or environmental performance. The effect of leadership on environmental performance is proven to be indirect, through organizational culture and work motivation as double mediators (serial mediation). In addition, organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on work motivation, while work motivation has a positive and significant effect on environmental performance. These findings confirm that the achievement of sustainable environmental performance is not only determined by policy and technology, but also by the synergy between visionary leadership, a sustainability-oriented organizational culture, and employee work motivation. This study contributes theoretically to the development of the concept of green transformational leadership and has practical implications for strengthening value-based environmental management systems and employee behavior in the industrial sector.

The Impact of Credit Risk, Market Risk, and Operational Risk on Bank Financial Performance with State Ownership as a Moderating Variable in Indonesia (2020-2024)

2026-05-26T10:20:00+07:00

This research analyzes the impact of credit risk, market risk, and operational risk on the financial performance of Indonesian commercial banks, and examines the moderating role of state ownership across the pandemic (2020–2021) and post-pandemic (2022–2024) periods. Using quantitative panel data regression on 34 conventional banks, credit risk is proxied by non-performing loans (NPL) and loan loss provisions; market risk by market-based income and securities portfolios; and operational risk by BOPO and operating expenses to total assets. Financial performance is measured by Return on Assets (ROA), with state ownership as a moderator. The results indicate that the relationship between risk and financial performance is dynamic and state-dependent. Credit risk shows varying effects across indicators and periods, with one indicator remaining significantly negative during the pandemic while both indicators become significantly negative in the post-pandemic period. Market risk exhibits a selective effect, with market-based income consistently contributing positively to financial performance, while securities portfolio exposure does not show stable effects. Operational risk is found to be the most consistent factor influencing financial performance across all periods. Furthermore, state ownership has a direct effect on financial performance and plays a moderating role that varies across risk types: it tends to strengthen the effect of credit risk, weaken the effect of market risk, and significantly influence the relationship between operational risk and financial performance. These findings suggest that the relationship between risk and bank performance is not static, but is shaped by economic conditions and ownership structure.

Analysis of the Selection and Implementation of Construction Contract Types in Indonesia from the Perspective of Goods and Services Procurement Law; (Completeness of Planning Products as Procurement Documents)

2026-05-26T09:15:41+07:00

The inconsistency between the selection of construction contract types and the completeness of planning products as tender documents has become a persistent problem in Indonesian government procurement, frequently leading to variation orders, cost overruns, risk misallocation, and audit findings. This research aims to analyse the legal relationship between the completeness of planning products and the selection of construction implementation contract types, as well as to identify the legal implications of such mismatches under Indonesia's goods and services procurement law. This study employs a normative legal research method using a conceptual approach and case studies of sports stadium renovation projects. The analysis is carried out through Lawrence M. Friedman's Legal Systems Theory, which encompasses three components: the substance of the law, legal structure, and legal culture. The results of the study show that the lack of synchronisation between contract types and the readiness of tender documents constitutes a systemic failure. The substance of the law has not provided operational parameters; the institutional structure does not perform a control function from the planning stage; and the prevailing legal culture remains oriented toward the transfer of risk and the shifting of responsibility rather than sound technical planning. The study recommends establishing minimum standards of planning completeness as a prerequisite for the qualification of tender documents for lump sum contract types, strengthening the role of Construction Management (Manajemen Konstruksi) from the initial planning stage, and shifting the paradigm toward technical data-based risk management.

Formulation and Evaluation of Papaya Seed Extract Hydrogel (Carica Papaya L.) As Well as its Effectiveness in Repairing Incision Wounds in Mice (Mus Musculus)

2026-05-29T14:58:45+07:00

Papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.) contain flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, and tannins that have been proven effective in accelerating the wound healing process. This research aims to formulate hydrogel preparations from papaya seed extract and test their effectiveness in healing incision wounds in mice. This research is experimental in nature, involving the preparation of a papaya seed extract hydrogel with chitosan as a polymer and PEG 400 as a crosslinker. The papaya seed extract hydrogel was tested on mice (Mus musculus) across five treatment groups. Wound healing data were statistically analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA test, and the physical evaluation of the hydrogel preparations was conducted descriptively. The results of the study showed that the papaya seed extract hydrogel met the requirements of the hydrogel preparation evaluation tests. The statistical test results indicated a significant effect on wound healing in male mice (p < 0.05). Based on the results obtained, the papaya seed extract hydrogel (Carica papaya L.) demonstrated the best incision wound healing effectiveness. In conclusion, papaya seed extract hydrogel, particularly at a 15% concentration, effectively accelerates incision wound healing in mice and meets the physical quality standards for topical hydrogel preparations, making it a promising natural-based wound dressing.

Green Tax in Various Countries: A Review of Implementation and its Relevance for Indonesia

2026-05-20T08:46:03+07:00

Climate change and environmental degradation have become critical global issues, driving the emergence of green tax policies as a key fiscal instrument. This study reviewed the implementation of environmental taxation, especially carbon tax, in several countries including Sweden, Canada (British Columbia), Spain, and Malaysia. Through a qualitative literature review approach, it examined the effectiveness, policy design, and socio-political acceptance of green tax initiatives in different contexts. These findings highlight that successful implementation depends not only on tax structures but also on public legitimacy, revenue recycling mechanisms, and integration with broader economic and environmental strategies. Drawing lessons from this international experience, this study evaluates the potential and challenges of implementing green tax policies in Indonesia. The report concludes that with careful policy design, institutional readiness, and public engagement, green taxes can serve as a strategic tool to support sustainable development and fiscal reform in Indonesia. The results of this study have two main implications. First, in terms of policy, this study provides concrete recommendations for the Indonesian government in designing an adaptive carbon tax scheme, especially regarding the importance of pro-people revenue recycling mechanisms and the transparency of the use of tax funds to build public legitimacy. Second, practically, this research implies the need to strengthen institutional capacity and cross-sector coordination before the carbon tax is fully implemented, as well as the need for effective public communication strategies to reduce socio-political resistance

The Effect of Training and Development on Employee Productivity at PT Adhi Buana Karya Utama

2026-05-26T10:23:33+07:00

In the competitive construction industry, employee productivity is crucial for project success and company sustainability. PT Adhi Buana Karya Utama, a construction company established in 2017, faces challenges in maintaining optimal employee performance due to limited structured training and development programmes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how training and development impact the productivity of PT Adhi Buana Karya Utama employees. The research was conducted through a descriptive qualitative approach, involving data collection through in-depth observation, documentation, and interviews. The four informants in this study were a director, an HRD staff member, an HSE staff member, and a project employee. Miles and Huberman's interactive model was used to perform data analysis, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that employees' knowledge, skills, discipline, and confidence can be improved through training and development provided in a structured and continuous manner. This improvement has an impact on work productivity, as demonstrated by the completion of tasks more quickly, precisely, and efficiently. Therefore, training and development are important strategies for achieving company goals and increasing employee productivity.

The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Job Satisfaction Towards Employee Engagement

2026-03-05T08:31:52+07:00

The low employee engagement at PT BDP could potentially be influenced by aspects of job satisfaction that have not been fully met, as well as transformational leadership — one of the main antecedents of employee engagement. This leadership style provides psychological resources in the form of support, a sense of security, and a work environment that values individual contributions. This study aims to determine the effect of transformational leadership and job satisfaction, both partially and simultaneously, on employee engagement at PT Bumi Daya Plaza. The research method used quantitative associative analysis. The sampling technique used the Slovin technique with a sample size of 61 respondents. The research analysis used SPSS software with multiple linear regression analysis techniques, correlation tests, coefficient of determination tests, and partial and simultaneous hypothesis testing. The results indicate that transformational leadership and job satisfaction have a significant effect on employee engagement. Therefore, transformational leadership and job satisfaction that are unfavourable to employees will negatively affect employee engagement.

Analysis of the Implementation Factors of China's Belt and Road Initiative Project in Sri Lanka

2026-06-02T00:01:32+07:00

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is China's foreign policy program initiated by President Xi Jinping in 2013. Sri Lanka has become one of the significant BRI partner countries due to the strategic position of Colombo Port and the Hambantota region in international maritime trade routes. This study aims to analyze the factors driving China's BRI program implementation in Sri Lanka and its impact on Sri Lanka's national development. The research uses a qualitative approach with secondary data analysis through library research, and applies dependency theory as its theoretical framework. The results reveal two interrelated dimensions of interest: first, China's interests in Sri Lanka, covering transportation, energy, and soft power projection; and second, Sri Lanka's interests in China, covering foreign direct investment, infrastructure, connectivity, and technology transfer. BRI implementation in Sri Lanka confirms the continued relevance of dependency theory in understanding the dynamics of bilateral relations between developed and developing countries in the contemporary era.

Building Brand Image Through Community Development: Qualitative Study on Rubi Community and Avoskin

2026-05-26T02:57:04+07:00

The beauty industry in Indonesia has experienced rapid growth, leading to increased competition, particularly among local brands striving to enhance their brand image and foster consumer loyalty. Avoskin, a local beauty brand that adopts the concept of green beauty, launched the RUBI Community as a platform for women's empowerment through a community development approach. This programme aims to strengthen emotional connections with consumers through four main pillars: sustainability, empowerment, entrepreneurship, and creativity. This research aims to analyse the contribution of the RUBI Community in shaping Avoskin's brand image and to provide strategic recommendations on applying community development as an alternative approach to building a strong brand image. A qualitative approach using a narrative review method is employed to provide an in-depth understanding of the interactions between community members and the Avoskin brand. Secondary data were obtained through document analysis related to community activities. The research is expected to generate insights into the effectiveness of community development in strengthening Avoskin's brand image, as well as providing strategic recommendations for other local brands seeking to enhance their brand image. Community development can be an effective approach to building strong emotional connections with consumers and reinforcing a brand image through the values of sustainability, empowerment, entrepreneurship, and creativity.

The Effect of Price Discount, Live Streaming, and Customer Reviews on the Purchase Decisions of Online Customers at Shopee in the Special Region of Yogyakarta

2026-05-21T04:00:23+07:00

This study examines the influence of price discounts, live streaming, and customer reviews on purchasing decisions among Shopee users in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The rapid growth of e-commerce in Indonesia has intensified competition among online marketplaces, encouraging sellers to adopt various digital marketing strategies to attract consumers. Price discounts, interactive live streaming features, and customer reviews are considered important factors influencing consumer purchasing behavior in online shopping environments. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the partial and simultaneous effects of these variables on purchasing decisions. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through online questionnaires distributed to 123 Shopee users in Yogyakarta selected using purposive sampling techniques. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the assistance of SPSS software. Several classical assumption tests, including validity, reliability, normality, and heteroscedasticity tests, were also conducted to ensure data quality. The results showed that price discounts and live streaming have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, customer reviews have a positive but insignificant effect on purchasing decisions. Simultaneously, the three independent variables significantly influence purchasing decisions among Shopee consumers. In conclusion, digital promotional strategies, especially price discounts and live streaming, play an important role in increasing consumer purchasing decisions in e-commerce platforms.

Investigation of the Contribution of Entrepreneurial Behavior to Firm Growth using PLS-SEM Approach

2026-05-23T14:58:49+07:00

Bottled water SMEs in South Sulawesi face significant challenges in achieving sustainable growth due to high competition and low product differentiation. The objective is to analyze how entrepreneurial behavior contributes to firm growth within this context. The study is grounded in entrepreneurship and strategic management theories. Entrepreneurial Orientation reflects innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking behavior, Strategic Innovation represents strategic improvements in operations and distribution, Entrepreneurial Leadership captures the leader’s role in enabling innovation, and Firm Growth refers to business expansion and performance improvement. The framework proposes that entrepreneurial orientation influences firm growth directly and through strategic innovation, while leadership strengthens the orientation–innovation relationship. A quantitative approach using PLS-SEM was employed. Data were collected from bottled water SME owners and managers through structured questionnaires. Reliability and validity tests were conducted, followed by structural model evaluation and hypothesis testing. Triangulation through follow-up interviews with SME representatives was conducted to enhance credibility. The findings show that Entrepreneurial Orientation significantly affects Strategic Innovation and Firm Growth. Strategic Innovation significantly influences Firm Growth and mediates the relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Growth. Entrepreneurial Leadership shows a positive but relatively weak moderating effect on the relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Strategic Innovation. In conclusion, firm growth in bottled water SMEs is primarily driven by the firm’s ability to translate entrepreneurial orientation into strategic innovation. Leadership support enhances this process, although its moderating influence is limited. The study contributes to understanding how entrepreneurial strategy drives growth in emerging market SMEs.

Elements of Negligence by Regional Governments in Designating Cultural Heritage as Cultural Heritage

2026-05-26T10:19:51+07:00

Cultural heritage refers to objects, buildings, structures, sites, and areas — both on land and in water — that have been designated as Cultural Heritage, are material in nature, and need to be preserved. The determination of Cultural Heritage carries significant meaning within the Indonesian legal system, as it represents an active legal measure taken by the state to protect cultural heritage that is important for history, science, education, religion, and culture. This research aims to analyse the elements of negligence by regional governments in designating cultural heritage as Cultural Heritage, and to identify the legal implications and losses caused by such negligence. This research uses a normative juridical approach, examining legal norms, regulations, and doctrines, as well as a case analysis of Medan District Court Decision Number 756/Pdt.G/2020/PN Mdn concerning Medan Merdeka Square. The determination of Cultural Heritage is the obligation of the regional government (Regent/Mayor) after receiving recommendations from the Cultural Heritage Expert Team. Without an official determination, a cultural heritage object is in a legally vulnerable condition, as it lacks a clear protection status, creating opportunities for theft, destruction, transfer, conversion, demolition, or use contrary to its historical value and the public interest. Government negligence in designation constitutes an unlawful act and violates constitutional obligations and the General Principles of Good Governance, particularly with regard to legal certainty and the protection of the public interest.

The Role of Environmentally Friendly Practices in the Palm Oil Industry: Encouraging Green Product Production in West Sumatra

2026-05-21T03:59:08+07:00

The palm oil industry plays a strategic role in supporting economic growth in Indonesia, particularly in regions such as West Sumatra. However, the rapid expansion of palm oil processing activities has also generated serious environmental challenges, including liquid, solid, and gas waste that may negatively affect ecosystems if not managed properly. Therefore, environmentally friendly practices have become increasingly important to support sustainable industrial development and encourage the production of green products. This study aims to analyze the role of environmentally friendly practices in the palm oil industry in encouraging green product production in West Sumatra. The research employed a qualitative approach by collecting data through interviews, observations, documentation studies, and literature reviews related to sustainable palm oil management. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis to identify patterns and relationships between environmental practices and green product development. The findings reveal that the implementation of environmentally friendly practices based on Knowledge Management System (KMS) and ecopreneur principles significantly contributes to environmental sustainability and product competitiveness. Effective waste management, the use of environmentally friendly materials, recycling activities, and eco-labeled product development support the creation of sustainable products with higher market value. In conclusion, environmentally friendly practices not only reduce environmental impacts but also strengthen the competitiveness and sustainability of the palm oil industry in West Sumatra.

Language Mixing in the Speech of Patani Students in Indonesia

2026-05-21T03:14:20+07:00

The phenomenon of code mixing among multilingual speakers reflects complex dynamics of language, identity, and social adaptation. This study discusses the phenomenon of code mixing carried out by Thai speakers, particularly Patani students living in Indonesia, with a focus on the use of Patani Malay in their daily interactions. This study aims to identify the factors that affect the occurrence of code-mixing using theories from Asmah Haji Omar (1985, 1992) and Fishman (1972). The data was obtained through videos of Patani students in Indonesia. Analysis of nine speeches showed that the practice of mixing code was influenced by factors of group identity, social solidarity, communicative situation, and domain of language use. The analysis of nine speeches showed that the practice of code mixing was influenced by factors of group identity, social solidarity, communicative situation, and domain of language use. The dominant form of code mixing found was lexical code mixing, where Patani Malay words such as gapo, paehae, sain, kecek, bedey, and sutey-sutey were inserted into Indonesian sentences. The results of this study show that Patani Malay is used not only as a means of communication but also as a marker of ethnic identity and solidarity among Patani students in the midst of a multilingual environment such as Indonesia. This code-mixing phenomenon reflects linguistic resilience and efforts to maintain cultural identity in diaspora contexts.

The Effect Of Perceptions Of Ease Of Use And Perceptions Of Risk On Impulse Buying Through Shopping Interest As A Mediating Variable Among Shopeepay Users In The Cirebon Region

2026-03-04T07:50:48+07:00

Objectives: This study aims to 1) To analyze and determine the effect of Perception of Ease of Use on Shopping Interest, 2) To analyze and determine the influence of Risk Perception on Shopping Interest, 3) To analyze and determine the influence of Shopping Interest on Impulse Purchases, 4) To analyze and determine the influence of Perception of Ease of Use on Impulse Purchases, 5) To analyze and know the influence of Risk Perception on Impulse Purchases. Method: This study is a quantitative research that uses a causal-explanatory approach to test and explain the cause-and-effect relationship between independent, mediating, and dependent variables through testing statistical hypotheses. The research sample was 170 respondents with a data collection method through google form. The data was analyzed using SMART PLS version 4. Results: These results show that the higher the user's interest in shopping, the greater their tendency to make impulsive purchases without prior planning. Shopping interest has been proven to mediate the influence of the perception of ease of use on impulse purchases. This means that the ease of use of ShopeePay does not directly encourage impulse purchases, but first increases shopping interest which then triggers impulse buying behavior. Shopping interest has also been shown to mediate the influence of risk perception on impulse purchases. Low risk perception increases users' shopping interest, which ultimately encourages impulse purchases. Thus, shopping interest plays an important mediating variable in explaining the impulse purchase behavior of ShopeePay users.

Analysis of Economic Feasibility and Compressive Strength of Concrete Based on the Utilization of Red Mud Waste and Sustainable Construction Management

2026-01-24T08:41:48+07:00

This research examines red mud as a partial cement substitute in concrete, comparing normal concrete with 25% red-mud concrete (RM25) based on compressive strength, economic feasibility, waste absorption, and LCA environmental impact. Compressive strength tests were conducted at KAN-accredited Wika Beton Laboratory, and economic feasibility was evaluated using NPV, BCR, and IRR for paving-block production. The waste absorption capacity was calculated based on an annual production volume of 5,000 m². The LCA assessment was carried out in accordance with ISO 14040:2006, covering goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory (LCI), life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), and interpretation. The results showed that RM25 achieved a compressive strength of 36.93 MPa at 30 days, higher than normal concrete with 34.15 MPa. Economically, RM25 recorded a production cost of IDR 1,480,085/m³, with a positive NPV, an IRR of 43.9%, and BCR > 1. In addition, RM25 enabled the absorption of approximately 41.8 tons of red mud waste per year in paving-block production. The LCA results also indicated a reduction in environmental impacts, particularly in the global warming potential category, due to reduced cement consumption. Overall, the 25% red-mud formulation is considered feasible for practical implementation as it meets both technical and economic requirements while providing environmental benefits through emission reduction and enhanced industrial waste utilization.

Effects of Combined Trigona Honey and Propolis on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Biomarkers in Diabetes Models as an Anti-Aging Approach: A Systematic Literature Review

2026-05-26T10:17:53+07:00

Aging is a complex biological process closely associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, playing a critical role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Bee products, particularly Trigona honey and propolis, have been identified as sources of bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. This study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of stingless bee honey (Trigona sp.) and propolis on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers within an anti-aging mechanistic framework in diabetes models. A systematic literature review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted on articles published between 2014 and 2024 from Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The PICO framework was applied for study selection, with dual independent reviewers. Of 2,219 identified articles, 40 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 28 in vivo, 8 in vitro, and 4 clinical studies. Trigona honey consistently reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity via KEAP1-NRF2 pathway activation. Propolis demonstrated dominant anti-inflammatory effects through NF-κB inhibition, significantly reducing interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Trigona honey and propolis exhibit complementary mechanisms that are promising as a multi-target approach in modulating aging biomarkers, and their combination potentially produces synergistic effects through dual-pathway modulation. Controlled clinical trials are warranted for further validation.

Development of a Responsive Airbag Hardware Mechanism for Fall Mitigation and Injury Reduction in the Elderly

2026-05-21T03:33:50+07:00

Falls pose a significant risk to elderly individuals and often result in serious injuries due to the lack of immediate protective mechanisms. Therefore, a real-time protective system is needed to reduce the impact of falls. The research aims to develop a wearable airbag vest system that integrates real-time fall detection with a servo-based mechanical triggering mechanism for rapid airbag deployment. The system utilized an IMU sensor to monitor body motion and orientation, a microcontroller to process detection logic, and a servo motor to activate a CO₂ inflator through a spherical buckle mechanism. Performance evaluation was conducted to assess IMU accuracy and airbag inflation response. The IMU demonstrated an average orientation error below 2% for yaw, pitch, and roll compared to an inclinometer reference. Inflation tests showed a servo current peak of 1200–2000 mA, with the airbag reaching peak pressure within 1.2–2.5 seconds after triggering, achieving pressure levels between 85 and 120 psi. The proposed servo-based triggering mechanism provides sufficient responsiveness and reliability for wearable fall protection applications.

Legal Certainty in the Determination of Ownership Rights Over Land Assets of Catholic Church Legal Entities in Indonesia

2026-05-21T03:16:21+07:00

Land assets are a crucial prerequisite for the Catholic Church's ongoing apostolic mission in Indonesia. However, multiple interpretations, ambiguities, and inconsistencies in understanding the legal status of the Catholic Church as a legal entity create normative uncertainties in land registration and obstruct the granting of ownership rights. This study aims to analyze these legal issues, formulate relevant legal concepts, and develop arguments to ensure certainty of land rights. Employing normative juridical methods and a statutory approach, the research examined the 1960 Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA), land registration regulations, Staatsblad 1927, and Minister of ATR/KBPN Decree No. 21 of 2024. The findings reveal a lack of synchronization between the substantive recognition of the Catholic Church as a legal entity and administrative procedures, leading to inconsistent practices, potential discrimination, and legal uncertainty. The study recommends regulatory harmonization, standardization of land registration procedures for religious legal entities, and the development of national technical guidelines to strengthen legal certainty, justice, and non-discrimination in the management of church land assets.

Analysis of the Effects of Work Method Selection and Monitoring of Work Execution on Construction Time and Cost Risks in Highway Projects

2026-05-26T10:23:32+07:00

This research aims to analyze the effect of work method selection and work implementation monitoring on time and cost risks in toll road construction projects in Banten Province. Toll road construction projects have a high level of complexity and frequently face various problems, such as project delays, cost overruns, limited resources, and weak project supervision systems. These conditions underscore the importance of implementing appropriate work methods and effective project monitoring to minimize risks during construction activities. This study employed a quantitative approach using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 54 respondents consisting of contractors, supervisory consultants, and project management personnel involved in toll road projects in Banten Province. Data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4 software through outer model and inner model testing. The results show that work methods have a negative and significant effect on both time risk and cost risk. Furthermore, project monitoring also has a negative and significant effect on both time risk and construction cost risk. The findings indicate that the better the implementation of work methods and project monitoring, the lower the risks of project delays and cost overruns. This study is expected to serve as a reference for contractors, consultants, and project owners in improving the effectiveness of toll road construction project management, particularly in controlling project time and costs.

Women Empowerment by Women's Farmer Groups (KWT) in Gandasari Tangerang City Resort & Spa

2026-05-23T15:48:26+07:00

Women’s empowerment remains a critical issue in Indonesia, particularly in urban areas where poverty, gender inequality, and limited economic opportunities continue to restrict women’s participation in productive sectors. In Tangerang City, women’s labor force participation remains significantly lower than that of men, and many women are still concentrated in informal employment. In response to these challenges, the Women Farmers Group (Kelompok Wanita Tani/KWT) has emerged as a community-based initiative promoting women’s empowerment through urban farming activities. This study aims to analyze the process of women’s empowerment implemented by KWT Gemas Implant in Gandasari Village, Jatiuwung District, Tangerang City. The research employed a qualitative approach using Charles Zastrow’s empowerment framework, which consists of engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation stages. Data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, documentation studies, and literature reviews involving extension officers, local government representatives, KWT administrators, and members. The findings indicate that the empowerment process has successfully enhanced women’s participation, self-confidence, agricultural knowledge, and economic independence. KWT Gemas Implant has also strengthened social solidarity, expanded community networks, and promoted the adoption of urban farming technologies. However, several challenges remain, including limited technological utilization, administrative management constraints, environmental issues, and insufficient youth regeneration. Overall, the study concludes that KWT plays a significant role in empowering women and improving community welfare, although sustained institutional support, capacity-building programs, and technological innovation are necessary to ensure long-term sustainability and effectiveness.

Digital Emotional Intelligence: Transforming Emotional Intelligence in Shaping Digital Empathic Leadership

2026-05-21T03:17:00+07:00

The world is currently experiencing accelerated digitalization, a transformation that is changing the culture of work, communication, and leadership. Consequently, the emotional touch in leadership is slowly declining. Many leaders possess technical digital acumen, but fail to build emotional bonds in the digital space, often resulting in a rigid work culture that leads to misunderstandings in coordination. Conversely, conventional leadership, which relies on physical presence, is now experiencing disorientation. Leaders who are emotionally intelligent in the real world are not necessarily able to manifest that empathy through digital platforms. This research examined how a leader can validate emotions without physical presence and detect emotional distress in the team through digital communication patterns. The aim of this research is to formulate a leadership model, Digital Emotional Intelligence, as a transformation of emotional intelligence, an absolute prerequisite for empathetic leadership in the digital era. Using a qualitative comparative case study method, data were collected through literature study on Travis Kalanick (Uber) and Mark Zuckerberg (Meta) and analyzed based on Goleman's emotional intelligence theory. The findings reveal that Kalanick failed to transform his emotional intelligence, leading to his downfall, while Zuckerberg successfully transformed by admitting mistakes and recruiting high-EQ leaders. This study formulates DEQ as the blend of traditional and modern skills in the digital era, recommending a paradigm shift from Digital Command to Digital Connection, with practical applications including empathetic grammar, emojis in virtual chats, and emotionally-attuned performance assessments.

Utilization of Metaheuristic Algorithms in Hyperparameter Tuning Deep Learning for Image Classification: Systematic Literature Review

2026-05-26T02:58:38+07:00

This study aims to systematically examine the application of metaheuristic algorithms in hyperparameter tuning for deep learning-based image classification models. Selecting an appropriate hyperparameter configuration is a crucial factor that determines model performance, however, the hyperparameter selection process is often time consuming and inefficient when performed manually or through conventional approaches such as Grid Search and Random Search. Therefore, metaheuristic algorithms have emerged as a promising alternative, as they are capable of adaptively exploring and exploiting the search space in complex optimization problems. This research employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach following the PRISMA protocol, supported by the Zotero reference management tool. The PRISMA protocol ensures a transparent and structured process for identification, selection, and data extraction. A total of 41 scientific articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed based on publication year, application domain, classification models used, metaheuristic algorithms applied, datasets employed, and the performance evaluation results. The findings show that the application of metaheuristic algorithms significantly improves the performance of image classification tasks. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and their variants are the most widely used architectures, while common datasets such as MNIST and CIFAR-10 are frequently employed in experiments. This study provides an overview of current research trends, demonstrates the effectiveness of metaheuristic based hyperparameter optimization, and highlights opportunities for developing more efficient optimization strategies. The results are expected to serve as a valuable reference for future research in image classification using metaheuristic optimization within deep learning frameworks.

Affirmative Policy on the Recruitment of Civil Service Candidates with Disabilities: A Review of the Six Elements of Social Policy and the Capability Approach

2026-05-22T15:12:54+07:00

This study examines the affirmative policy for the recruitment of State Civil Apparatus Candidates (CASN) with disabilities in Tangerang City, Indonesia. The background of this research is the persistent employment inequality experienced by persons with disabilities despite the existence of national regulations mandating equal employment opportunities and disability quotas in government institutions. The study aims to analyze the design and implementation of the affirmative recruitment policy using Chambers and Bonk’s six elements of social policy and the Sen–Nussbaum capability approach. This research employed a qualitative case study method focusing on CASN recruitment periods in 2019, 2021, and 2023. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with government officials, civil servants with disabilities, and disability community representatives, as well as observation and document analysis. The findings show that the policy has successfully provided formal employment access through special quotas, lower examination thresholds, and accessible recruitment services. However, several limitations remain, including inadequate policy socialization, limited workplace accommodation, inaccessible information systems, and the persistence of social stigma in the work environment. These conditions narrow several capabilities of employees with disabilities, particularly bodily integrity and affiliation. The study concludes that affirmative recruitment policy should not only focus on quota fulfilment but also ensure inclusive workplace systems that expand the substantive freedom, dignity, and capabilities of persons with disabilities.

ERP System Selection Analysis Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP): A Case Study of an Automotive Manufacturing Company

2026-05-21T03:29:04+07:00

PT XYZ is an automotive component manufacturer facing a 15% data mismatch between production reports and inventory data. This issue has led to a 62% increase in operational costs, 12% product delivery delays, and a 40% risk of customer contract fines. To overcome these challenges, the company plans to implement an ERP system to improve data accuracy and operational efficiency. However, the main challenge remains determining which ERP system best suits the company's business need. This research aims to provide recommendations for the right ERP system for PT XYZ using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. This approach involved interviews with Inventory Supervisors, Finance Managers, Production Managers, and Business Directors, as well as analysis of criteria that have been validated through literature studies. AHP is used to prioritize key criteria, namely Ease of Use, Price, Adaptability, Scalability, and Time on the Market, and evaluate four ERP alternatives, namely Odoo Enterprise, SAP, Microsoft Dynamics, and Infor Cloudsuite. The results of the study show that Odoo Enterprise was chosen as an ERP system that is pal-ing according to the needs of PT XYZ. This selection is based on priority calculations using AHP with a consistency level of 0.07, which shows results that are valid enough to support decision-making. The implementation of the right ERP system is expected to be able to solve the problem of asynchronous data, support operational efficiency, sustainable business growth, and increase customer trust in PT XYZ.

Forecast-Based Decision Framework for Replacement of Ros and Onboard Components in Autonomous Loaders: A Case Study at GBC Mine PT Freeport Indonesia

2026-05-26T09:59:01+07:00

The mining industry plays a critical role in global economic activities, particularly in supporting the supply of essential raw materials. In Indonesia, PT Freeport Indonesia operates the Grasberg Block Cave (GBC) underground mine, which utilizes autonomous loaders integrated with the Remote Operating System (ROS). The reliability of ROS and its onboard components is essential to ensure continuous production and operational efficiency in a complex underground environment. This study aims to develop a forecast-based decision framework to determine the optimal timing for component replacement in autonomous loaders. A quantitative approach was employed using time-series forecasting based on historical downtime and component replacement data from 2023 to 2025. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was applied to identify failure patterns and predict future degradation trends. The results indicate that component failures, particularly in joystick and other critical onboard systems, follow a non-random and progressive degradation pattern influenced by environmental and operational factors such as vibration, dust, humidity, and intensive usage. The ARIMA (1,0,1) model demonstrates adequate performance in capturing temporal failure behavior and supporting maintenance planning. The proposed decision framework integrates forecasting outputs, degradation trends, and operational risk considerations to support proactive maintenance strategies. The implementation of this framework is estimated to reduce downtime-related production loss by approximately 62.5%, equivalent to around 5,750 tons per month. These findings highlight the practical value of integrating forecasting models into maintenance decision-making processes. This study contributes to predictive maintenance practices by bridging the gap between failure prediction and operational decision-making in autonomous mining systems.

Injection Molding Parameter Optimization Using Taguchi and Moldflow

2026-05-26T09:17:32+07:00

Geopolitical tensions in the Middle East have increased uncertainty in petrochemical and polypropylene supply, reducing plastic raw material availability and forcing plastic injection companies to improve process efficiency, minimize scrap, and reduce production losses. In automotive component manufacturing, the Cover Defroster product still faces short shot defects caused by incomplete molten plastic flow into the mold cavity. Many injection molding companies also still rely on trial-and-error machine settings, which increases material waste, setting time, and production cost. This study aims to optimize injection molding parameters using the Taguchi method and Moldflow simulation to eliminate short shot defects and minimize cycle time. This research used a computer simulation-based experimental design. The product studied was a polypropylene type LA880T. Four process parameters were tested using an Orthogonal Array L16, namely injection pressure, mold temperature, melt temperature, and injection time. Moldflow Insight was used to simulate material flow, while ANOVA, Tukey test, and Signal-to-Noise Ratio with the Smaller-the-Better approach were used to analyze cycle time performance. The simulation showed that trials 1 to 4 produced short shot defects and were rejected. ANOVA results showed that injection time had a significant effect on cycle time, while injection pressure, mold temperature, and melt temperature had no significant effect. The best parameter combinations were trials 6, 12, and 15, which produced good products without short shot defects and achieved the shortest cycle time of 24.12 seconds. The integration of Taguchi and Moldflow effectively supports parameter optimization, reduces defect risk, and improves injection molding process efficiency.

A Legal Analysis of the Role of PPNS in Health-Related Criminal Cases Concerning Systems that Ensure Patient Safety

2026-05-30T10:56:34+07:00

Patient safety has become a fundamental principle in modern healthcare systems and constitutes an essential aspect of the protection of the right to health. Nevertheless, the increasing number of health-related criminal cases, medical negligence disputes, and violations of healthcare service standards indicates that the implementation of patient safety systems in Indonesia continues to face significant juridical and institutional challenges. Under these circumstances, Civil Servant Investigators (Pejabat Pegawai Negeri Sipil or PPNS) hold a strategic position in enforcing health criminal law and ensuring compliance with healthcare regulations. This research aims to analyze the juridical role of PPNS in the enforcement of health criminal law related to patient safety systems in Indonesia. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The legal materials consist of primary legal sources, including the Criminal Procedure Code and Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, as well as secondary legal materials such as legal doctrines, scientific journals, and academic literature related to health law and patient safety. The findings demonstrate that PPNS possesses strategic authority not only in conducting criminal investigations, but also in carrying out preventive supervision to minimize risks to patient safety. However, the implementation of PPNS authority remains constrained by overlapping institutional authority, limited human resources, weak inter-agency coordination, and the absence of comprehensive technical regulations concerning patient safety incident investigations. Therefore, strengthening regulatory harmonization, improving PPNS competence, and developing a patient safety-oriented law enforcement model are necessary to ensure effective legal protection and improve healthcare quality in Indonesia.

Understanding the Determinants of User Continuance Intention on Indonesia's E-Government Web Portal

2026-03-05T08:31:04+07:00

This current research seeks to explore various factors that can influence the sustainable use of SIPPN, as an Indonesian national public service information portal. The quantitative PLS-SEM approach was adopted for the research with 140 user respondents across Indonesia. This research uses Information Quality, Efficiency, Accessibility, Service, System performance, Design and Usability, Citizen Participation, Quality Perception, Citizen Satisfaction and User Intention as the factors. As per analysis results, Efficiency, System Performance and Citizen Participation have a significant influence on Quality Perception and Citizen Satisfaction. Quality Perception and Citizen Satisfaction have a high impact on user intention to continue the use of the SIPPN portal. Study findings confirm SIPPN as an established strategic national public information portal comparable to other similar portals at international level. To make the portal more efficient, inclusive and a global-standard one-stop national public service information portal, its interoperability and user feel must improve, as well as system performance.

An Analysis of the Influence of Financial Performance on Profit Growth Predictions (An Empirical Study of Manufacturing Companies in the Real Estate and Property Subsector)

2026-05-26T09:13:59+07:00

This study aims to determine the influence of financial performance in predicting profit growth in manufacturing companies in the Real Estate and Property sub-sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017–2022 period. The sampling technique in this study used a purposive sampling method and obtained a sample of 37 companies. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) using SPSS software version 25.0. The results of this study indicate that WCTA, DER, and NPM have no effect on profit growth, while TATO and firm size have an effect on profit growth, and simultaneously WCTA, DER, TATO, UP, and NPM have an effect on profit growth. ROA is able to moderate the relationship between WCTA, TATO, company size, and NPM on profit growth, while ROA is not able to moderate the relationship between DER and profit growth. It is hoped that this research can be used as a consideration for manufacturing companies in the Property and Real Estate sub-sector in order to improve their financial performance so that they will be able to attract more investors and pay attention to the factors that can affect profit growth.

Analyzing of Religious and Cultural Conflicts in West Java

2026-05-26T09:18:23+07:00

Indonesia is a country with a diversity of ethnicities, cultures, races, and religions, which reflects the principle of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Although this diversity is a source of harmony, social and religious-based conflicts are inevitable, as seen in the cases in West Java. This paper explores the role of the Religious Harmony Forum (FKUB) as a mediator in resolving religious conflicts. Using the conflict cycle framework, this paper analyzes the dynamics of conflict, starting from the basis of conflict to its resolution. This research highlights the challenges of FKUB in maintaining neutrality, limited authority, and the importance of the government's role in creating policies that support religious harmony. Short, medium, and long-term action plans are formulated to strengthen the role of FKUB, enhance interfaith dialogue, and build a network of cooperation with various related parties. The conclusion shows that strengthening FKUB and tolerance education are key steps to encourage the sustainability of peace in society.

The Impact of Status-Free Relationships on the Academic Achievement of 12th Grade Students at Atisa Dipamkara High School in the 2025/2026 Academic Year

2026-05-26T09:59:36+07:00

A relatively new phenomenon known as Hubungan Tanpa Status (HTS), or situationship, refers to a relationship between two individuals who behave like a romantic couple but without clarity of status or commitment. This research was conducted to examine the influence of Hubungan Tanpa Status (HTS) on the psychological and academic aspects of 12th grade students at Atisa Dipamkara High School for the 2025/2026 Academic Year, with a focus on their subjective experiences regarding the level of ambiguity and emotional uncertainty within HTS relationships. This study employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method design. The subjects of this study consisted of 15 Grade XII students of Atisa Dipamkara High School for the 2025/2026 Academic Year, selected using purposive sampling, conducted from October 13 to November 10, 2025. The results showed that the relationship between HTS status and academic achievement had a moderate positive correlation, whereby the presence of HTS increased motivation such that academic achievement tended to improve. The study also explored participants' interpretations of the experiences and lessons obtained from HTS relationships. Some participants defined HTS as "a relationship without status — like a friend, but too close." This research may serve as a reference for parents, teachers, and students alike in understanding the psychological conditions that arise during adolescent development.

Exploring Challenges and Solutions in Agile Project Management: A Case Study in a Financial Institution

2026-03-05T08:29:46+07:00

According to a survey, 40% of agile projects were successfully completed, while fewer than 15% of waterfall projects were. Motivated by the high probability of success, one of the financial institutions in Indonesia decided to implement agile project management for its software development. Implementing agile in a highly regulated financial institution, such as banks, presents its own challenges, such as a delay in the delivery of work products, fail to meet users’ expectations, and increases users’ reluctance to adopt the system. This research conducts a systematic literature review to identify the critical failure factors and prioritize them using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The objective of this study is to identify challenges in agile project management in the case study and to propose recommendations. The research identified the top ten key challenges in implementing agile practices, namely prolonged task switching, task dependency, real-time analysis requirements, automating data collection, capturing diverse data, lack of teamwork, team members being over-qualified or under-qualified to do the tasks, lack of acceptance criteria, lack of cross-functionality, and lack of management commitment. Solutions were developed based on the PMBOK Guide-Seventh Edition, relevant previous studies, and interviews with both the internal and external project managers. This research provides a deeper understanding of the challenges of implementing agile project management in financial institutions, especially in developing countries, and addresses the complexities of adopting agile in highly regulated environments.

The Experiences of Women Working as Srathi Within the Gender Ideology of Balinese Hindu Society as a Resource for Social Studies Instruction at Penebel State Junior High School 1

2026-05-21T03:14:26+07:00

The strong gender ideology within Balinese Hindu society influences the division of roles, power relations, and life experiences of women, including those who serve as Srathi. This study is motivated by the need to understand these lived experiences in the context of gender dynamics. This research aims to examine the experiences of women who work as Srathi within the dynamics of gender ideology in Balinese Hindu society and to explore its relevance as a source for social studies instruction at State Junior High School 1 Penebel. This qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of Srathi women in Mengesta Village through observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies involving Srathi women, village leaders, and social studies teachers. Data validity was ensured through triangulation, and analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model. This study employs Louis Althusser's theory of ideology, Anthony Giddens' structuration theory, Betty Friedan's liberal feminism theory, Simone de Beauvoir's existentialist feminism theory, and Dorothy Smith's standpoint theory. The results of this study indicate that the underlying motives of Mengesta Village women in carrying out their roles as Srathi are driven by economic motives, familial encouragement, community subjectivity, and traditional obligations. The experiences of Mengesta Village women who become Srathi can further be categorized into sekala experiences encompassing triple roles, marginalization, and resistance and niskala experiences encompassing spiritual intuition, messages from the unseen realm, and dream visualizations. These experiences hold strong potential as critical, contextual, and locally grounded social studies teaching resource for Grade VII, Chapter IV on Community Empowerment.

Analysis of Variables Affecting the Performance Quality of Contractors in the Execution of Fast-Drying Concrete Pouring on the Maintenance of the Jakarta Outer Ring Road Toll, Sections W2S, S, and E

2026-05-22T15:11:17+07:00

Toll road maintenance requires effective and efficient strategies to ensure that repair work can be completed quickly without reducing construction quality, particularly in projects using rapid-setting concrete. This study aims to analyze the variables affecting contractor quality performance in the implementation of fast-drying concrete pouring on the maintenance of the Jakarta Outer Ring Road (JORR) sections W2S, S, and E, as well as to identify the most dominant factors influencing project quality. The study employed a quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) combined with Importance Performance Map Analysis (IPMA). Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 96 respondents consisting of project owners, contractors, supervising consultants, and rapid-setting concrete producers. The results revealed that material management, work motivation, work equipment, and work environment significantly influenced project quality performance. Material was identified as the most dominant factor with the highest total effect value, while communication significantly affected work motivation as a mediating variable. The model explained 67.9% of the variance in project quality performance. In conclusion, improving material management, strengthening work motivation, optimizing equipment readiness, and creating a supportive work environment are essential strategies for enhancing the quality of fast-drying concrete maintenance projects on toll roads.

A Legal Analysis of the Status and Protection of Unsecured Creditors in Bankruptcy Proceedings Under Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Voluntary Debt Restructuring

2026-05-29T14:52:39+07:00

This research discusses the legal position and legal protection of concurrent creditors in bankruptcy proceedings under Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang/PKPU). Concurrent creditors are creditors who do not hold special guarantees or privileged rights and are therefore placed last in the order of bankruptcy asset distribution. In practice, concurrent creditors often suffer losses because the debtor's assets are insufficient to cover all debts after secured creditors and preferred creditors have been paid first. This research aims to analyse the legal position, normative protection, and the obstacles faced by concurrent creditors under Law No. 37 of 2004, along with proposed solutions. This research employs a normative legal research method incorporating statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches. Legal materials were obtained from laws and regulations, books, journals, and court decisions related to bankruptcy. The results of the study show that the legal position of concurrent creditors is recognised under Articles 1131 and 1132 of the Indonesian Civil Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata/KUHPerdata) and Law Number 37 of 2004. Concurrent creditors hold the right to submit claims, attend creditors' meetings, and receive a proportional distribution of bankruptcy assets. However, legal protection for concurrent creditors in practice remains ineffective due to the dominance of secured creditors, high bankruptcy costs, a lack of transparency in the management of bankruptcy assets, and inadequate supervision of kurator (bankruptcy trustees).

Comparative Analysis of Automated Testing Tools (Automation Testing) Using Cypress and Selenium with Testng Framework on Web Portal Testing Performance in A Banking Company

2026-05-23T15:49:09+07:00

The increasing complexity of web-based banking applications has intensified the need for efficient and reliable software testing methods to ensure system quality, security, and operational stability. Traditional manual testing often faces limitations in terms of execution speed, consistency, and scalability, making automated testing an essential approach in modern software development. This study aims to compare the performance of two widely used automated testing tools, Cypress and Selenium WebDriver integrated with the TestNG framework, in testing a banking web portal application. A quantitative experimental approach was employed by executing 104 automated test scenarios, consisting of 41 Login scenarios and 63 Customer Care scenarios, under identical testing conditions. The evaluation focused on execution time, test success rate, stability through repeated testing, and reporting capabilities. The findings reveal that both tools achieved a 100% test success rate across all scenarios. However, Cypress demonstrated significantly better performance in terms of execution efficiency, requiring only 511 seconds to complete all test cases, compared to 2,184 seconds required by Selenium WebDriver with TestNG. Repeated testing also confirmed the stability and consistency of Cypress results. In terms of reporting, Cypress provided a simpler and more user-friendly reporting mechanism, whereas Selenium TestNG with Allure offered more detailed analytical reporting features. In conclusion, Cypress is a more efficient automated testing solution for banking web portal applications, particularly when execution speed, ease of implementation, and testing productivity are prioritized.

Legal Analysis of Disparities in Judges' Decisions in Criminal Assault Cases Resulting in Severe Injuries

2026-05-21T03:59:20+07:00

This research discusses the disparity of judges’ decisions in criminal assault cases resulting in severe injuries within the Indonesian criminal justice system. Sentencing disparity has become an important legal issue because differences in punishment for similar criminal acts may undermine legal certainty, justice, and public trust in the judiciary. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors causing disparities in judges’ decisions and to examine the legal considerations used in imposing criminal sanctions, particularly in cases involving recidivist offenders and serious injuries. This study employed a normative juridical research method using conceptual and case approaches. Data were collected through literature studies involving statutory regulations, court decisions, legal doctrines, and relevant scientific journals. The analysis was conducted qualitatively using descriptive-analytical techniques to compare judicial considerations in similar cases. The findings indicate that disparities in sentencing are influenced by broad judicial discretion, differences in assessing aggravating and mitigating factors, and the absence of detailed sentencing guidelines. Recidivism status, severity of injuries, remorse, and restorative efforts significantly affected judicial decisions. The study concludes that sentencing disparity remains a fundamental issue in Indonesian criminal law enforcement. Therefore, clearer national sentencing guidelines, stronger judicial transparency, and more proportional consideration standards are necessary to ensure fairness, consistency, and accountability in criminal punishment.

Improving Employee Performance Through Work-Life Balance and Job Motivation at Pdam Majalengka

2026-05-26T02:55:28+07:00

This study aims to analyze efforts to improve employee performance (Y) at PDAM Majalengka through the enhancement of work-life balance (X1) and work motivation (X2). The research applies a quantitative method with an associative approach and a cross-sectional design. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to 111 employees who met the predetermined research criteria. The sampling technique applied purposive sampling to ensure respondents possessed relevant job experience and organizational tenure. Data analysis procedures consisted of validity testing, reliability testing, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing using the t-test supported by IBM SPSS version 26. The findings indicate that work-life balance exerts a positive and statistically significant effect on employee performance (sig. 0.030 < 0.05). Work motivation demonstrates a positive and statistically significant effect on employee performance (sig. 0.025 < 0.05). The regression model confirms that both independent variables contribute meaningfully to variations in performance levels among employees. The Adjusted R Square value of 0.115 indicates that 10% of the variance in employee performance is explained by work-life balance and work motivation. The remaining 90% of performance variance reflects the influence of other variables beyond the scope of the present research model, including organizational culture, leadership style, job satisfaction, compensation systems, and work environment factors.

The Non-Physical Work Environment and Teacher Job Satisfaction as Pillars in Fostering Work Discipline Among Civil Servant Teachers at Public Junior High Schools in the City of Cirebon

2026-05-26T09:12:44+07:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of non-physical work environment and job satisfaction on teachers’ work discipline at public junior high schools in Cirebon City. The study used a quantitative method with an associative research design. The population included all public junior high school teachers in Cirebon City, and a sample of 90 teachers was determined using the Slovin formula combined with purposive sampling. Data were gathered via questionnaires and analyzed through multiple linear regression using SPSS version 29. The findings show that the non-physical work environment positively and significantly influences teachers’ work discipline, and job satisfaction also has a positive and significant impact on teachers’ work discipline. Furthermore, the non-physical work environment and job satisfaction jointly contribute significantly to teachers’ work discipline within a regression model. The coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.616 indicates that 61.6% of the variation in teachers’ work discipline can be explained by the non-physical work environment and job satisfaction, while the remaining 38.4% is influenced by other factors outside this study. These findings suggest that improving teachers’ work discipline requires not only formal rules and monitoring systems but also a supportive non-physical work environment and a high level of job satisfaction. Therefore, schools should focus on enhancing these aspects to strengthen teachers’ work discipline sustainably.

The Relationship Between Viral Load Levels and the Incidence of Oral Candidiasis in HIV/AIDS Patients at Jombang Hospital for the Period 2023-2025

2026-05-21T03:57:09+07:00

This research aimed to determine the relationship between viral load levels and the incidence of oral candidiasis among HIV/AIDS patients at the RSUD Jombang during the 2023–2025 period. This analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design used secondary data from medical records of HIV/AIDS patients at RSUD Jombang (2023–2025). The independent variable was viral load level and the dependent variable was oral candidiasis incidence. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses (Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests), examining viral load and other variables including age, gender, occupation, comorbidity, marital status, education level, and antifungal medication use. The research involved 402 patients, of whom 322 (80.1%) had an undetectable viral load, 26 (6.5%) had a suppressed viral load, and 54 (13.4%) had an unsuppressed/high viral load. Bivariate analysis showed that neither numerical viral load (p=0.97) nor ordinal viral load (p=0.22) had a significant relationship with the incidence of oral candidiasis. Other variables such as age (p=0.18), gender (p=0.88), occupation (p=0.62), comorbidity (p=0.71), marital status (p=0.08), and antifungal medication use (p=0.64) also showed no significant relationship. However, educational level was found to have a significant association with the incidence of oral candidiasis (p=0.04). Overall, these findings suggest that educational level plays an important role in the occurrence of oral candidiasis among HIV/AIDS patients, indicating that targeted educational interventions and increased patient awareness regarding viral load management and oral hygiene may help reduce the incidence of this infection.

Comparative Analysis of Unit Cost and Tariff of Ina CBG'S Orthopedic Patients with Implants at Wangaya Denpasar Hospital

2026-05-26T09:04:50+07:00

Orthopedic patients with implants represent a significant cost burden for hospitals due to the high price of implant devices. The shift in payment mechanism from Fee-for-Service to INA-CBG's creates financial challenges for hospitals, particularly when claim rates do not cover the actual cost of services. This study aims to analyze the comparison between unit costs calculated using the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method and INA-CBG's rates for orthopedic patients with implants at Wangaya Hospital, Denpasar City. The study used a quantitative descriptive approach with a sample of 286 orthopedic patients with implants who were BPJS Kesehatan participants for the period January to December 2022. The results showed that the total unit cost based on ABC calculation was IDR 4,563,261,903, while the total INA-CBG's claims amounted to IDR 4,741,805,362, resulting in a surplus of IDR 178,543,459. However, of the 286 patients, 113 experienced a deficit with a total loss of IDR 838,204,192. Implants constituted the highest cost component, reaching 61.7% of the total unit cost. The study concluded that although hospitals earn an aggregate surplus, the inequality in outcomes across individual patients necessitates a comprehensive cost management strategy, including implant price negotiation and adherence to clinical pathways.

Optimizing Information Technology Investment Using the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Approach: A Case Study of a Property Company

2026-05-22T15:13:04+07:00

Information technology (IT) investment has become an essential component for improving operational efficiency, service quality, and business competitiveness in the property industry. However, many companies still focus only on initial acquisition costs without considering the overall expenses incurred throughout the lifecycle of IT assets. This study aims to evaluate and optimize IT investment at Ray White CBD Bandung using the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) approach. The research employed a quantitative descriptive method using primary and secondary data collected through interviews, observation, and document analysis. The TCO approach was used to identify and calculate all IT-related costs, including acquisition, maintenance, support, and training costs during the 2022–2024 period. The findings reveal that software costs represented the largest component of IT investment, followed by equipment maintenance, printer assets, and employee training. The study also identified several hidden costs, such as downtime, vendor dependency, and troubleshooting time, which significantly influenced operational efficiency and financial performance. The implementation of the TCO approach helped the company understand the real cost structure of IT ownership and improve budget planning. In conclusion, the TCO approach provides a comprehensive framework for making strategic, sustainable, and cost-effective IT investment decisions in property companies.

Legal Certainty of the Transfer of Collection Rights (Cessie) in the Process of Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) and Bankruptcy Without Notification to Ahe Debtor

2026-05-21T03:33:16+07:00

The transfer of collection rights through the cessie mechanism is a common legal practice used in receivables transactions. However, in the context of the Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) and bankruptcy, the practice of cessie carried out without notice to the debtor still causes legal uncertainty, especially related to the protection of the rights of the parties. This study aims to analyze the legal arrangement of cessie without notification to the debtor based on applicable regulations and examine the form of legal protection for creditors in the PKPU and bankruptcy process. The research method used was normative juridical with a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. Research data was obtained through a literature study of relevant laws and regulations, legal doctrines, and court decisions. The results of the study show that the provisions of Article 613 of the Civil Code recognize the validity of cessie even without notification to the debtor, but sectoral regulations, especially Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 22 of 2023, require the debtor's notification or consent as a form of consumer protection. These differences in regulation give rise to legal dualism that has the potential to reduce legal certainty in PKPU and bankruptcy practices. This study concludes that regulatory harmonization is needed to ensure legal certainty and justice for creditors and debtors in the transfer of billing rights through cessie.

Biomolecular Mechanism in Angiogenesis, Wound Healing and its Potential Use as Topical Formulation: A Systematic Review of Antidesma Bunius

2026-05-26T03:01:27+07:00

Antidesma bunius, commonly known as bignay, is a tropical fruit-bearing plant traditionally used for various medicinal purposes. While its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties have been documented, the specific role of A. bunius in angiogenesis and wound healing remains unclear. This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed across Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science up to November 2025, using predefined keywords related to Antidesma bunius, angiogenesis, wound healing, and topical formulation. Studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, encompassing in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo original articles. Data were synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes. The review found that A. bunius contains active compounds such as anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside), flavonoids (amentoflavone and luteolin-7-galactoside), and phenolic acids. These compounds modulate angiogenesis through multiple pathways, including VEGF/VEGFR2, PI3K/AKT, and HIF-1α signaling. The plant extract demonstrates potential for topical application, with concentrations ranging from 0.01% to 10% w/w showing biological activity. A. bunius shows promising potential as an angiogenic agent for wound healing through its polyphenolic content and multi-target mechanisms; however, standardized clinical trials are needed to establish optimal formulation and therapeutic efficacy.

The Effect of Green Marketing Mix Strategy, Environmental Attitu

2026-05-26T10:17:59+07:00

The impact of environmental damage has made people increasingly aware of the importance of environmental sustainability. This awareness has led to the growth of Green Buying Intention — a disposition towards purchasing environmentally friendly products — within the community, further reinforced by the growing influence of the Green Marketing Mix strategy. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of the Green Marketing Mix strategy and Previous Purchase Experience on Green Buying Intention of products from The Body Shop, moderated by Environmental Attitude. This research employs a quantitative causal research design using a purposive sampling method involving 235 customers of The Body Shop. Data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with SmartPLS 3.2.9. The findings of this study indicate that the Green Marketing Mix (Green Product, Green Price, Green Place, and Green Promotion) and Previous Purchase Experience have a direct effect on Green Buying Intention. This is further supported by the moderating effect of Environmental Attitude, which also has a significant effect on Green Product, Green Price, Green Place, Green Promotion, and Green Buying Intention. The managerial implications of this study suggest that implementing the Green Marketing Mix can strengthen the community's Environmental Attitude towards purchasing environmentally friendly products, thereby increasing Green Buying Intention and ultimately enhancing the company's value.

Systemic Modeling of Procedure Noncompliance and Safety Incidents in Chemical Manufacturing

2026-05-21T03:56:59+07:00

This research analyzes the systemic causes of procedural non-compliance and safety incidents in the chemical manufacturing industry using an integrated approach combining Process Safety Management (PSM), Root Cause Analysis (RCA), the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), and System Dynamics. The PSM audit identified significant non-compliance within the Operating Procedures and Management of Change (MOC) elements, which were found to be the primary contributors to recurring incidents. RCA results indicate that technical and procedural deficiencies dominate the causal structure, while HFACS reveals that unsafe acts, inadequate supervision, and organizational influences substantially exacerbate procedural deviations. Qualitative findings from interviews, RCA, and HFACS were quantified through questionnaires, enabling statistical analysis of variables such as SOP compliance, training effectiveness, supervision quality, and safety culture. The System Dynamics model illustrates the causal interactions among training, supervision, risk perception, safety culture, SOP compliance, and incident frequency. Policy simulation results demonstrate that formal policy interventions are the most effective in suppressing incident escalation, technical interventions show limited standalone impact, and educational–behavioral interventions yield gradual improvements. The strongest risk reduction is achieved through multidimensional policy integration. Model validation using historical incident data shows close alignment between simulation trends and actual patterns, confirming model reliability. Thus, procedural non-compliance and safety incidents are driven by complex interactions among technical, human, and organizational factors, highlighting the need for integrated safety management strategies in high-risk industrial environments.

Strategies for Improving Production Quality in the Context of Product Transition in the Paper Manufacturing Industry

2026-05-21T03:34:45+07:00

Digital disruption has shifted global paper demand, reduced graphic paper consumption while increased packaging paper demand due to e-commerce growth. In response, a paper manufacturer converted one machine line (PM1) from newsprint to 50-gsm recycled-fiber packaging paper. Post-conversion, PM1 experienced non-salable output exceeding the 8% quality threshold, with three dominant defects accounting for 80.2% of occurrences (Pareto) and generating internal failure costs of IDR 4.39 billion in losses. The objective of this research is to determine the current baseline using Defect Per Million Opportunity (DPMO) and sigma level measurements and to address the elevated dominant defects. The study proposes a quality improvement framework that integrates Six Sigma–DMAIC with a Quality Improvement Matrix (QIM), primarily to map initial performance, identify the root causes of defects, and prioritize improvement actions by considering their effectiveness and implementation difficulty. From the implementation of the method, 14 alternative improvement actions were identified, which were then prioritized, resulting in 11 priority actions being implemented in the company. The results showed that the baseline process (prior to improvement) had a DPMO of 23,818 and a sigma level of 3.49. After the improvements were implemented, dominant defects related to colored spots, holes, and paper strength issue decreased by 88%, 61%, and 77%, respectively; the total broke percentage declined from 18.23% to 6.05%; DPMO decreased to 12,051; the sigma level increased to 3.82. These findings indicate that the integration of Six Sigma-DMAIC and the Quality Improvement Matrix was effective in improving the quality of PM1 production after conversion.

Policy Analysis of Higher Education Financial Aid for Low-Income Communities: A Case Study of Tangerang City, Indonesia

2026-05-22T15:14:24+07:00

Higher education is an important tool to improve the quality of human resources and support social mobility. However, many low-income people (MBRs) are hampered to access higher education due to cost limitations. Higher education assistance programs such as KIP Lecture are the solution to overcome these financial barriers. This study aims to analyze the policy of the higher education fee assistance program for the poor in Tangerang City using the Chambers social policy analysis framework. The method used was a descriptive qualitative approach, with data obtained through in-depth interviews with informants consisting of relevant officials in the Social Service, program managers, and beneficiaries. The results of the study show that this policy is effective in providing tuition assistance through direct transfers, but there are still challenges related to the sustainability of assistance, administrative difficulties in the verification process, and limitations in ensuring student graduation. Nevertheless, this policy has had a positive impact in reducing the burden of education costs for poor families. The study recommends improvements in terms of aid sustainability, strengthening long-term outcome indicators, and designing policies that are more responsive to the needs of beneficiaries, to ensure that the program can achieve its social goals optimally and sustainably.