Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies

The Role of International Legal Cooperation in Combating Transnational Drug Networks in Indonesia

Dody Cindur Mato, Muhammad Syaroni Rofii — Sat, 25 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Transnational narcotics crime represents a serious threat to national security and social stability in Indonesia. The cross-border nature of this crime makes international legal cooperation an essential instrument in combating transnational narcotics networks. This study aimed to analyze the role and implementation of international legal cooperation in addressing transnational narcotics networks in Indonesia, identify legal, institutional, and technical challenges, and formulate effective and sustainable strategies to strengthen cooperation mechanisms. This research employed a qualitative method using a normative juridical approach and an analysis of international cooperation practices. The findings indicated that, although Indonesia has actively participated in various international cooperation mechanisms, their effectiveness remains constrained by differences in legal systems, limitations in extradition procedures and mutual legal assistance (mutual legal assistance), and inadequate institutional coordination. Therefore, strengthening strategies are required, including harmonizing national legislation, optimizing international cooperation frameworks, and improving institutional capacity and law enforcement technology.

Comparative Effect Of Topical Sucralfate Cream On Wound Size In Sprague–Dawley Rats With Second-Degree Burns

Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Second-degree burns result in significant tissue damage and require optimal management to prevent complications and delayed healing. Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is widely used as a standard topical therapy for burn wounds. Topical sucralfate has cytoprotective properties and has been suggested to enhance wound healing, making it a promising adjuvant therapy in wound management.

Objective: To compare the reduction in second-degree burn wound size following treatment with 10% sucralfate cream, 7% sucralfate cream, and silver sulfadiazine in a rat model

Methods: This experimental study employed a post-test only control group design using 48 Sprague Dawley rats with standardized second-degree burn injuries. The subjects were randomly allocated into four groups: Negative control with no treatment (NC), positive control with silver sulfadiazine (PC), treatment group with 7% sucralfate cream (T1), treatment group with 10% sucralfate cream (T2). Wound size was evaluated on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 using digital photographic analysis.

Results: A statistically significant difference in wound size reduction was observed among the groups on day 14 (p < 0.001). The 10% sucralfate group (T2) demonstrated the greatest wound reduction, with a mean wound diameter of 44.62 ± 21.43 mm, which was comparable to the silver sulfadiazine group (48.89 ± 10.41 mm). Both groups showed significantly smaller wound sizes compared to the 7% sucralfate group (281.35 ± 99.33 mm) and the negative control group (936.48 ± 159.71 mm).

Conclusion: The second-degree burn wound size in the 10% sucralfate group was smaller compared to the 7% sucralfate and silver sulfadiazine groups.

Analysis and Optimization of the High-Voltage Rewinding Process in Electric Motors and Generators to Improve Performance and Energy Efficiency

Ramli Adi Putra, Chairul Gagarin Irianto, R. Deiny Mardian W — Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Motors and generators play a very important role in the industrial sector. These machines often fail due to overload, poor power quality, or internal winding faults, which necessitate rewinding efforts. Analysis And Optimization Of The High-Voltage Rewinding Process In Electric Motors And Generators To Improve Performance And Energy Efficiency refers to the process of rewinding the coil windings in an electric motor or generator when the original winding is damaged, the insulation quality has deteriorated, or the machine experiences malfunction. This process should include analytical procedures that can predict and estimate the efficiency of rewound motors and generators, helping energy managers make more cost-effective decisions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the rewinding process on high-voltage electric motors and generators in relation to energy performance and efficiency, as well as to evaluate its impact on system reliability and operational performance. The research methodology for motors and generators includes several stages: testing, dismantling, data collection, repair, coil fabrication, coil testing, coil insertion, varnishing, oven curing, assembly, and final testing. After rewinding, efficiency and performance analyses were conducted during the no-load and load tests to compare conditions before and after the rewinding process of the motor and generator. The results indicate that after rewinding, performance targets were achieved, including improved energy efficiency and enhanced motor or generator performance, as demonstrated by test results before and after rewinding. Additionally, the no-load and load test results met acceptable standards for vibration, current (amperage), voltage, and power.

A Legal Review of Criminal Offenses Related to Animal Quarantine for Animals Lacking Health Certificates Under Law No. 21 Of 2019

Umar Suryanaga, Noenik Soekorini, Fitri Ayuningtyas — Thu, 02 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Animal quarantine is an essential measure to prevent the entry, exit, and spread of quarantinable animal diseases that may endanger public health, food security, and the sustainability of biological resources. In practice, cases still occur involving the transportation and distribution of animals without health certificates, which may constitute legal violations and pose threats to both animal and human health. This study aimed to analyze the legal regulation concerning criminal acts related to animal quarantine involving animals without health certificates under Law Number 21 of 2019 concerning Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine, as well as to examine the implementation and law enforcement against offenders based on applicable criminal provisions. The research method used was normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. The legal materials consisted of primary, secondary, and tertiary sources, which were analyzed qualitatively.The legal framework governing animal quarantine is regulated under Law Number 21 of 2019 concerning Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine, Law Number 18 of 2009 concerning Animal Husbandry and Animal Health as amended by Law Number 41 of 2014, along with relevant implementing regulations. The results of the study indicate that every importation and transportation of animals must be accompanied by a health certificate issued by an authorized official as proof of animal health and as a measure to prevent disease transmission. Violations of this obligation may result in administrative and criminal sanctions in accordance with the provisions of Law Number 21 of 2019.

Enhancing Master Data Management Maturity: A Case Study of Institution XYZ

Thu, 02 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Data has become a strategic asset that supports decision-making in the digital era. Master Data Management (MDM) is used to assure quality, accuracy, and consistency of master data. However, government electronic certification services face challenges related to data inconsistencies due to the use of two applications with separate databases. This study assessed the MDM maturity level in government electronic certification services (Institution XYZ) using the Spruit & Pietzka Master Data Management Maturity Model (MD3M). It then provided improvement recommendations aligned with the Data Management Body of Knowledge (DMBOK). The research applied five domains: data model, data quality, use and ownership, data protection, and maintenance, encompassing 62 required capabilities. Data were collected through interviews with the data management team. The results indicated that 69.36% of the capabilities in the MD3M model had been implemented.This study identified areas for improvement in master data management within government electronic certification services and provided strategic recommendations to enhance data management effectiveness. This approach is expected to support more effective, secure, and standardized data management in accordance with organizational and regulatory requirements.

Proposed B2B Marketing Strategy to Strengthen Industrial Customer Relationship: A Commitment-Trust Theory Approach at PLN UID East Java

Bayu Aswenda — Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

PT PLN (Persero) UID East Java, the state utility serving Indonesia's second-largest industrial hub, faces an emerging challenge this study terms partial defection: customers do not switch away from PLN, but progressively reduce their share of wallet via rooftop photovoltaic (Rooftop PV) self-generation while staying grid-connected. Industrial Rooftop PV capacity grew roughly 200-fold, from 0.80 MWp (2020) to 163.82 MWp (April 2026), as carbon-border pressures and falling renewable costs reshape expectations toward integrated green solutions. This study proposes a B2B marketing strategy grounded in Commitment-Trust Theory Morgan & Hunt, the Key Mediating Variable (KMV) model examining PLN's internal-external conditions, four antecedents' influence on Trust and Commitment, their effect on Propensity to Leave and Cooperation, and the resulting strategy. PLS-SEM tested nine hypotheses on 300 industrial respondents (24 HV, 276 MV), followed by Importance-Performance Map Analysis (IPMA), with frameworks converged through a SWOT/TOWS matrix. All nine hypotheses were supported; Communication was the strongest antecedent of Trust (β = 0.460), and Relationship Commitment the strongest determinant reducing Propensity to Leave (β = −0.577). IPMA identified Shared Values and Relationship Termination Cost as Tier 1 leverage, while beyond-kWh rivalry was HIGH and rising across four competitor categories. The proposed strategy synthesizes four Strategic Thrusts—Repositioning as Energy Transition Partner, PLN Group Orchestration, Digital-First B2B Infrastructure, and PAE Upskilling—decomposed into twelve sub-initiatives across a 0–24-month roadmap. The study validates KMV in a regulated-utility developing-country context, integrates IPMA as a B2B prioritization tool.

The Effect of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance, with Collectivism as a Mediating Variable and Power Distance as a Moderating Variable at the Darul Fikri Foundation in Makassar

Rusdi Hidayat Jufri, Deni Gustiawan, Winaya Purwanti, Asep Saifudin — Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Employee performance is a critical factor in determining organizational success, particularly in educational institutions where teacher and staff performance directly impacts the quality of educational services and public trust. However, performance variations among employees at the Darul Fikri Foundation in Makassar indicate that performance is not yet fully optimal and consistent, suggesting the need to examine broader organizational factors beyond individual capabilities. This research aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture on employee performance with collectivism as a mediating variable at the Darul Fikri Foundation in Makassar. The research approach uses a quantitative method with regression-based data analysis techniques and mediation tests to examine the direct and indirect relationships between variables. The results show that organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, and has a strong influence on collectivism. Collectivism is also proven to have a positive influence on employee performance and acts as a mediating variable in the relationship between organizational culture and performance. These findings indicate that organizational cultural values that emphasize togetherness, cooperation, and collective responsibility can increase employee collective orientation, which ultimately has an impact on improved performance. Thus, strengthening a consistent organizational culture oriented towards collective values is an important factor in creating optimal and sustainable employee performance, especially in the context of educational institutions.

Development of the Risk-Weighted Cybersecurity Maturity Index (RWCMI) Based on the NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0 for Multi-Entity Organizations

Ekky Cahya Dhitia — Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The rapid growth of digital transformation has increased organizational dependence on interconnected technologies while simultaneously expanding cybersecurity risks, particularly in multi-entity organizations with diverse operational characteristics and information system environments. Conventional cybersecurity maturity assessments often provide general capability measurements but have limitations in representing variations in risk exposure across security domains. This study aims to develop the Risk-Weighted Cybersecurity Maturity Index (RWCMI) based on the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 to provide a more contextual measurement of cybersecurity maturity by integrating risk weighting into the maturity assessment process. This research employed a quantitative, model-based evaluation approach using a case study of PTPN Group, consisting of one holding company and ten subsidiaries. Data were collected through cybersecurity maturity questionnaires, expert-based risk assessments, and supporting organizational documents. The RWCMI model integrates maturity scores from 22 NIST CSF 2.0 categories with normalized risk weights derived from expert judgments. The results indicate variations in cybersecurity maturity levels among entities, with several organizations achieving targeted maturity levels while others requiring fundamental improvements. The RWCMI approach successfully identified priority improvement areas, particularly in asset management, data security, identity management, and cybersecurity governance. In conclusion, RWCMI provides a more risk-sensitive cybersecurity maturity measurement framework that supports strategic decision-making, investment prioritization, and continuous improvement of cybersecurity governance in multi-entity organizations.

Total Intravenous Anesthesia for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Case Report of Successful Hemodynamic Management and Early Recovery

Sriwahyuniati Purwaningsih, Anas Alatas, Yudi Hadinata — Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a complex cardiac surgical procedure that requires precise anesthetic management to maintain hemodynamic stability and support optimal postoperative recovery. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) has emerged as an alternative anesthetic technique in cardiac surgery due to its advantages in anesthetic titration, hemodynamic control, and facilitation of fast-track recovery protocols. This case report aimed to describe the application of TIVA in a high-risk CABG patient and evaluate its effectiveness in achieving intraoperative stability and early postoperative recovery. A case report was conducted involving a 66-year-old male patient with three-vessel coronary artery disease who underwent CABG at the National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta. Clinical data were collected from preoperative assessments, intraoperative anesthesia records, hemodynamic monitoring parameters, and postoperative intensive care management in accordance with the CARE guidelines. The patient received TIVA using propofol, sufentanil, and rocuronium, supported by multimodal monitoring, including the Bispectral Index (BIS), Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), arterial line monitoring, and central venous catheter monitoring. The results demonstrated stable intraoperative hemodynamic conditions with appropriate vasoactive support using dobutamine and nitroglycerin. The patient successfully underwent early extubation eight hours after surgery, with acceptable postoperative laboratory parameters and no significant anesthetic complications. In conclusion, TIVA combined with comprehensive hemodynamic monitoring and fast-track protocols provided effective anesthetic management for CABG, supporting cardiovascular stability and early recovery. Further studies involving larger patient populations are required to confirm its broader clinical benefits.

The Effectiveness of Natural Environment Teaching in Improving Early Numeracy Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Inclusive Elementary Schools: A Single Subject Research Study

Tri Gunadi — Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Natural Environment Teaching (NET) in improving early numeracy skills among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in inclusive elementary school settings. Early numeracy is a fundamental academic prerequisite that is often impaired in children with ASD due to core deficits in communication, cognitive flexibility, and generalization. This study employed a quantitative approach using a Single Subject Research (SSR) design with a multiple baseline across participants. Three children with ASD (DSM-5 Level 1–2), aged 6–8 years and enrolled in inclusive elementary schools, participated in the study. The intervention was conducted over 12 sessions (approximately 30–45 minutes each), integrating numeracy learning into natural classroom activities. Data were collected through direct observation and frequency recording and analyzed using visual analysis and the Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND) method. Interobserver agreement (IOA) averaged 92.3%, while implementation fidelity averaged 91.7%. The results revealed consistent improvement across all participants, from baseline phases (mean 21.7%–31.7%) to intervention phases (57.5%–63.8%), with PND scores ranging from 90%–100%, indicating a highly effective intervention. Skill maintenance was observed at 72.5%–82.5%, demonstrating strong learning retention. These findings confirm that NET is an effective and ecologically valid naturalistic instructional approach for improving numeracy skills in children with ASD in inclusive educational settings.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Soil Nailing Configurations on Slope Stability as an Alternative for Slope Reinforcement in Deep Excavations Case Study of the Rengat–Pekanbaru Toll Road, Pekanbaru Ring Road Section, STA 205+600

Rully Finaliyah Santoso, Trihanyndio Rendy Satrya, Ria Asih Aryani Soemitro — Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study evaluated the effectiveness of soil nailing configurations for slope stability as an alternative slope reinforcement method in deep excavations along the Rengat–Pekanbaru Toll Road, Pekanbaru Ring Road Section, Sta 205+600. Limited right-of-way (ROW) conditions required the construction of steeper slopes, necessitating a reinforcement system to maintain slope stability. The analysis was conducted using geotechnical investigation data, including laboratory test results, borehole data, and project-specific geotechnical parameters. The evaluated variations included soil nail length and installation angle, with assessments performed for global stability and internal stability under long-term service conditions (static conditions) and earthquake loading conditions (pseudostatic conditions). The results showed that increasing soil nail length improved the factor of safety (FS) values for both global and internal stability. The highest global stability FS value was achieved with a 19 m soil nail length, while internal stability against pullout resistance increased as soil nail length increased and the installation angle became steeper. Under pseudostatic conditions, soil nailing reinforcement did not provide a significant improvement in global stability for clay soils; however, it continued to enhance internal stability. Based on technical evaluation and cost-efficiency considerations, the 15 m soil nail length with a 30° installation angle was identified as the most effective configuration, as it provided an optimal improvement in safety factors while maintaining more economical construction costs.

The Dynamics of Asymmetric Competition in the Healthcare Industry: Analysis of Market Structure and Non-Price Strategies at XYZ Regional General Hospital and Reksa Waluya Hospital

Galih Fendi Christianto — Tue, 14 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The healthcare industry in Mojokerto City demonstrates competitive dynamics between public and private hospitals influenced by the tariff regulations of the National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional [JKN]). RSUD, as a public hospital, has a cost advantage through government subsidies, creating asymmetric competition with private hospitals such as RS Reksa Waluya. This research aims to analyze the dynamics of asymmetric competition between RSUD XYZ and RS Reksa Waluya and to identify competitive strategies that can support the sustainability of private hospitals. This research employs a managerial economics approach using a comparative case study method involving two hospitals in Mojokerto City to analyze market structure and competitive strategies. The results indicate that the hospital market structure is hybrid, combining characteristics of monopolistic competition and oligopoly. RSUD has an absolute cost advantage, making price-based competition ineffective for RS Reksa Waluya. Competition has shifted from monetary pricing strategies toward non-price factors, such as waiting time efficiency, the adoption of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs), value-based branding, and service specialization, including geriatric care. The sustainability of private hospitals depends more on service differentiation and operational efficiency strategies, while public hospitals should focus on improving managerial efficiency to maintain service quality.

The Role of Employee Engagement in Linking Supportive Workplace Environment and Digital-Era Enablers to Employee Performance: Evidence from Indonesia

Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

In the era of digital transformation, organizations face increasing challenges in aligning Supportive Workplace Environment practices with various Digital-Era Enablers in order to sustain and enhance Employee Engagement and Employee Performance. This study aims to empirically examine the effects of Supportive Workplace Environment—comprising Work Recognition, Work Motivation, and Career Development—and Digital-Era Enablers—including Knowledge Sharing, Employee Mobility, Training & Development, and Psychological Empowerment—on Employee Engagement, as well as the subsequent effect of Employee Engagement on Employee Performance. This study employs a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey design involving 317 permanent employees across various industries in Indonesia. The research instrument was developed by integrating questionnaire items derived from two primary reference journals. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and simple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. The results indicate that Psychological Empowerment, Training & Development, Work Recognition, and Knowledge Sharing have positive and statistically significant effects on Employee Engagement. In contrast, Work Motivation, Career Development, and Employee Mobility do not exhibit statistically significant effects. Furthermore, Employee Engagement is found to have a positive and statistically significant effect on Employee Performance. These findings suggest that in an increasingly digitalized work environment, employee engagement is more strongly influenced by factors that enhance psychological autonomy, capability development, and knowledge exchange mechanisms than by traditional motivational practices. This study contributes to the literature by integrating Supportive Workplace Environment and Digital-Era Enablers into a single empirical framework.

Financial Feasibility and Strategic Benefit Assessment of the Coal Hauling Road and Jetty Project in Muara Pahu (Case Study: Bangun Group, Kalimantan, Indonesia)

Eddy Karlowee, Gallang Perdhana Dalimunthe , Widhyawan Prawiraatmadja — Sat, 18 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Coal remains a significant energy source in global and regional economies, particularly in developing countries where reliable energy supply and industrial growth continue to depend on coal availability. However, increasing production capacity requires reliable logistics infrastructure to overcome transportation constraints and operational risks. The Bangun Group’s Tabang Project in East Kalimantan has experienced challenges related to seasonal disruptions in river transportation, which may affect coal delivery continuity and future production expansion. This study aimed to evaluate the financial feasibility and strategic benefits of the Muara Pahu Coal Hauling Road (CHR) and jetty project as a long-term logistics infrastructure investment. A quantitative case study approach was applied using capital budgeting and cost–benefit analysis methods. The assessment utilized secondary data from company reports, project documentation, industry references, and financial assumptions, with evaluation indicators including Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Return on Investment (ROI), Payback Period, Benefit–Cost Ratio (BCR), and sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the project generated substantial economic value, with a positive NPV, an IRR exceeding the required rate of return, and a BCR of 3.18, indicating that the project benefits significantly exceeded the investment costs. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the project’s resilience under variations in transportation volume, tariffs, operating costs, and discount rates. Beyond financial performance, the project improved logistics reliability, reduced transportation disruption risks, supported production scalability, and strengthened strategic infrastructure control.

Analysis of the Implementation of Bioaugmentation in the Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soils in Oil and Gas Exploration Areas

Tengku Fachrur Reza, Budijono Budijono , Suwondo Suwondo — Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study analyzes the impact of ecological remediation through bioaugmentation techniques to remediate crude oil-contaminated soil and its social and economic implications in Siak Regency, Riau Province. Oil contamination caused by leakage due to illegal tapping of oil pipelines has become a serious environmental issue requiring effective and sustainable remediation methods. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of bioaugmentation in reducing long-chain petroleum hydrocarbons (C10–C36) to meet environmental quality standards while also assessing the social and economic impacts of its implementation. A mixed-methods approach was applied, combining quantitative analysis of laboratory test results and environmental monitoring with qualitative surveys and interviews involving communities, government agencies, and companies. The results show that bioaugmentation using indigenous bacteria significantly reduced petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations from 8.4%–9.4% to below the environmental quality standard (≤0.1%) within 5–6 weeks. The most efficient dosage was found to be 1 liter/m³ of contaminated soil, as it achieved degradation rates comparable to those of 2 liters/m³ but with lower operational costs. Environmental conditions during remediation remained optimal for microbial activity, with a pH of 6.0–6.9, a temperature of 26–36 °C, and humidity of around 70%. Socially and economically, the implementation received positive responses, although community satisfaction was slightly lower than that of government agencies and companies. Overall, bioaugmentation was proven to be an effective, economical, and environmentally friendly remediation technology for the sustainable recovery of crude oil-contaminated soil.

Misuse of Limited Stay Permits (ITAS) for Foreign Investors from the Perspective of National Resilience: A Case Study of the Special Region of Jakarta in 2025

Mochamad Irsyad Makrufi, Stanislaus Riyanta — Wed, 29 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The increasing flow of foreign investment and the relative ease of obtaining Limited Stay Permits for Foreign Investors (ITAS Investor) generate significant economic benefits, yet they also open up vulnerabilities to residence-permit misuse that can affect investment quality, security, and national resilience. This study analyzes the patterns of Limited Stay Permits for Foreign Investor misuse in the Special Region of Jakarta, evaluates the immigration supervision system currently in place, and formulates an intelligence-based supervision strategy framed as a competitive early-warning mechanism. It uses a qualitative approach built on a single-case design with embedded units of analysis, following Yin. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with sixteen key informants, document study, and immigration enforcement records, then analyzed thematically through source triangulation. The findings show that Limited Stay Permits for Foreign Investor misuse follows a technical-organizational pattern marked by a gap between administrative formality and actual business realization, together with a socio-functional pattern involving investors, sponsoring companies, agents, and intermediary networks in activities inconsistent with the permit granted. The supervision system is supported by partial document integration, field inspections, foreigners supervision team, and joint operations, yet it still struggles with weak substantive verification and reactive post-issuance monitoring. The study proposes a competitive early-warning model built around risk identification, intelligence monitoring, and management action, aimed at safeguarding investment quality and strengthening Indonesia's national resilience.

Predictive Segmentation for Retail CRM: An EIV Framework with Machine Learning and Causal Experimentation

Fandy Akhmad Ariyadi, Raden Bagus Fajriya Hakim — Tue, 07 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Identifying high-conversion customers is a key challenge in retail CRM. Traditional segmentation methods often fail to accurately predict customer behavior, leading to suboptimal targeting strategies. This study proposed a predictive segmentation framework based on Engagement, Intent, and Value (EIV) to enhance conversion rates in the Indonesian retail sector. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the EIV-based segmentation framework through offline benchmarking and online causal experimentation, particularly in terms of conversion uplift and CRM performance. Methods: Five algorithmic models—Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Deep Neural Networks (DNN)—were trained using omnichannel behavioral data. Model performance was evaluated using Precision, Recall, F1-score, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC). The framework was further validated through a large-scale field experiment involving 59 email campaigns across 15 e-commerce platforms. Results: The GBM model demonstrated the most robust predictive performance and was selected for deployment. Experimental results showed that the EIV-based predictive segmentation consistently produced statistically significant conversion uplift compared to traditional operational segmentation. Conclusion: This study highlighted the effectiveness of a unified, propensity-based segmentation approach in improving CRM strategies. By integrating offline predictive modeling with online causal validation, the framework demonstrated how predictive segmentation can enhance CRM outcomes in real-world omnichannel environments.

Predicting Dual-WAN Failover Using a Variant of the RNN Algorithm for High-Availability Internet Networks

Tumbuh Tumbuh — Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The availability of the Internet network is very necessary for daily activities and in the business world. The need for the internet has been very massively used both with cell phones, personal computers and network computers using network hardware. One of the network hardware used in this study is a microtia router as load balancing. Failover prediction analysis with dual WAN to obtain Internet network availability using the RNN variant algorithm method to support stability performance in using the internet. Internet Service Provider (ISP) is an internet provider service used in this study, ISP Indihome 20 Mbps and ISP Telkomsel Modem Orbit GSM model HKM0130 use 4G prepaid cards as internet service providers. The purpose of this study is to predict the redirection of the internet from dual WAN to support the availability of the Internet network. With the stability method using algorithm support, this research provides convenience and algorithms in network reliability configuration. The results show that load balancing with PCC and ECMP methods combined with failover mechanisms significantly improves network performance. For 100 users, throughput increased from 90 Mbps to 180 Mbps, response time decreased from 150 ms to 70 ms, and packet loss dropped from 5% to 2%. The failover mechanism successfully maintains connectivity when one ISP line fails. In conclusion, the dual-WAN failover system with RNN-based prediction effectively ensures high-availability internet networks with proven reliability. The application of research results can be carried out by companies and education providers as well as for other needs.

Strategic Decision-Making for Low-Sulfur Gasoline Production at RU III Plaju Using an Integrated AHP–TOPSIS Framework for the Pre-Feasibility Gate in Support of Indonesia's Net Zero Emissions 2060

Irza Afrianto, Utomo Sarjono Putro — Wed, 22 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Indonesia’s energy transition toward Net Zero Emissions (NZE) 2060 requires the refining sector to improve fuel quality while maintaining energy security and economic sustainability. One of the critical challenges faced by PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional Refinery Unit III (RU III) Plaju is the inability to consistently produce low-sulfur gasoline that meets Euro IV/V standards due to limited desulfurization capability. This condition creates a strategic decision challenge involving technical, economic, regulatory, and sustainability considerations. This study aims to determine the most feasible strategic alternative for low-sulfur gasoline production at RU III Plaju by developing an integrated decision-making framework for the pre-feasibility stage. The research applies a sequential mixed-methods approach combining SWOT analysis, IFE–EFE matrix evaluation, TOWS analysis, and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) using the AHP–TOPSIS framework. Expert judgments from refinery managers, engineers, and technical specialists were used to evaluate strategic alternatives based on strategic viability, economic viability, technical compliance, and regulatory sustainability criteria. The results indicate that the construction of a Hydrodesulfurization/Gasoline Sulfur Handling (HDS/GSH) unit is the optimal alternative, achieving the highest TOPSIS closeness coefficient of 0.8481. Sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of this ranking under variations in criteria weights. The study concludes that the proposed AHP–TOPSIS framework provides a transparent, systematic, and reliable approach for strategic investment decisions, supporting RU III Plaju’s long-term competitiveness and Indonesia’s NZE 2060 objectives.

Strategic Competitiveness Enhancement of a Local Business Hotel: A Data-Driven SWOT and QSPM Approach at Permata Hotel Bogor

Rina Dwi Kristiani, Suci Sandi Wachyuni, Dewi Ayu Kusumaningrum — Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to formulate competitive strategies for Permata Hotel Bogor as a local business hotel in response to increasing competition and the ongoing digital transformation in the hospitality industry. The research adopts a mixed-method approach with a sequential exploratory design, combining qualitative insights, customer perceptions derived from online reviews, and quantitative strategic analysis. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), observation, and documentation. In addition, customer reviews were analyzed using R Studio through text mining and sentiment analysis to identify key issues, sentiment intensity, and their impact on customer satisfaction. The identified factors were then evaluated using IFAS and EFAS matrices, followed by SWOT analysis, and prioritized using the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). The findings show that strengthening digital marketing and optimizing Online Travel Agent (OTA) channels is the top priority strategy (TAS = 3.07), followed by market diversification (2.87) and facility modernization (2.68). Overall, this study highlights the importance of adopting a data-driven strategic approach to enhance competitiveness in the hospitality industry.

The Role Of Lng Regasification In Reducing Fuel Consumption And Improving The Reliability Of The Tarakan Isolated System: A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach

Ghusaebi Ghusaebi, Tri Wahyu Adi — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The Tarakan Electricity System is an isolated electricity system that relies on local power plants and local primary energy supply. Reliance on oil-fired (BBM) plants poses challenges to operational efficiency, while gas supply fluctuations, peak load variations, and plant readiness affect system power adequacy. This study aims to evaluate the role of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) regasification in reducing fuel consumption and improving the reliability of the Tarakan Electricity System. The Monte Carlo simulation approach is used because average-based deterministic analysis has not been able to represent operational variability, extreme conditions, and power deficit risk in isolated systems affected by uncertainty of gas supply, peak load, and plant readiness. This study uses Monte Carlo simulations based on actual operational data by comparing two scenarios, namely the baseline scenario without LNG regasification and the intervention scenario with LNG regasification. Stochastic input variables include pipeline gas supply, peak load, PLTD readiness, and PLTMG readiness. The input distribution is based on historical data, while the scenario comparison is carried out using the Common Random Numbers (CRN) principle so that the impact of LNG interventions can be evaluated more objectively. The simulation was carried out as many as 10,000 iterations. Fuel consumption models and power models are able to be validated before being used in scenario analysis.

Indonesian Society Perception in Intervention of Solar Panel Incentives

Nurmasitya Kemalaintan, Zulfahmi Noor, Muhammad Noor Arridho — Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The use of residential solar panels is gradually being intensified by the government. Policies to support residential solar panel adoption are also being developed. In relation to policy implementation in Indonesia, field conditions need to be properly understood to ensure effective policy performance. This study, *Indonesian Society Perception in Intervention of Solar Panel Incentives*, examines the views of Indonesian society regarding solar panel incentives and their role in the decision to adopt solar panels. The aim is to identify incentives that are most suitable for implementation in Indonesia. Incentives identified based on the literature review include Feed-in Tariff, Net Metering, R&D Investment, Green Certification, and Education & Awareness Programs. This study uses the SODA (Strategic Options Development and Analysis) approach. Data collection was conducted through structured interviews. Interviews were carried out with households using solar panels as their main source of electricity to meet energy needs in the Yogyakarta area, as well as potential adopters who are part of an energy community. This community expressed both positive and negative perceptions of each incentive. The results indicate a positive perception of Feed-in Tariff, Net Metering, and Education & Awareness Programs, as these three incentives are considered more feasible and applicable within the current Indonesian context. Meanwhile, R&D Investment and Green Certification are perceived negatively, as they are considered costly and less directly beneficial for immediate adoption. Based on these findings, the most suitable incentive for Indonesian society is the Education & Awareness Program.

Strategies for Civil Servants to Navigate Local Political Dynamics: A Case Study of X Regency

Mario Roberto, Astika Ummy Athahirah — Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The phenomenon of the vulnerability of the career of State Civil Apparatus (ASN) due to regional political dynamics often creates great pressure that tests their integrity and impartiality, especially because of their position that is vulnerable to informal political practices. This research explored the coping mechanism developed by bureaucrats in Regency X, Papua Province, in dealing with the dynamics of political leadership. Using a qualitative approach with an exploratory case study design, data was collected through in-depth interviews with informants from various levels of position. The results of the study show that civil servants in Regency X develop a hybrid survival strategy by combining administrative adaptation and local socio-cultural forces to ensure their career stability. Bureaucrats control political pressure through a combination of proving loyalty, strengthening professionalism, and withdrawing to avoid the risk of mutation. A significant finding in this study is the emergence of another form of moving against strategy that functions as a "cultural shield", in which clan identities and the collective support of indigenous leaders are used to fortify positions of office from excessive political intervention of leaders.

The Efficacy of a Combination of Oral Antioxidants (Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Alpha-Lipoic Acid) as an Adjuvant Therapy for Vitiligo: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis

Irnayati Rahman, Antonius Wibowo, Putri Jati Utami — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Vitiligo is a chronic acquired depigmentation disorder characterized by progressive melanocyte destruction, affecting approximately 0.5–2% of the global population and causing significant psychosocial impairment. The involvement of oxidative stress in melanocyte damage has encouraged the exploration of antioxidant supplementation as an adjunctive therapeutic approach. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral antioxidant combinations, particularly vitamin C, vitamin E, and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), as adjunctive therapies for vitiligo and to assess the consistency of available clinical evidence. A systematic review and narrative synthesis were conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials evaluating oral antioxidant combinations combined with conventional vitiligo therapies, with outcomes including repigmentation, oxidative stress biomarkers, quality of life, and adverse effects. Two randomized controlled trials involving patients with vitiligo met the inclusion criteria. The findings demonstrated that antioxidant combinations, particularly ALA, vitamin C, and vitamin E combined with narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) therapy, showed potential benefits in improving repigmentation and reducing oxidative stress markers. However, another study reported no significant additional clinical improvement, indicating inconsistent outcomes influenced by disease subtype, lesion extent, treatment duration, and therapeutic protocols. In conclusion, oral antioxidant combinations represent a promising complementary therapy for vitiligo; however, current evidence remains insufficient to support their routine clinical application. Further large-scale randomized clinical trials with standardized protocols are required to establish their effectiveness and clinical relevance.

Legal Protection for Healthcare Workers in The Management of Infectious Diseases Under Health Laws and Regulations

Ago Harlim, Sri Astutik , Siti Marwiyah , Wahyu Prawesthi — Sat, 04 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

In medical emergencies, healthcare workers play a vital role in controlling infectious diseases, despite facing serious social, legal, and occupational health risks. During such situations, they often cope with extreme stress, social isolation, and potential legal claims arising from the care they provide. Therefore, ensuring legal protection for healthcare providers is a fundamental element in maintaining the continuity of high-quality and balanced health services. The purpose of this paper is to examine the forms of legal protection for medical workers in managing infectious disease outbreaks as regulated under the Health Quarantine Law. This study, entitled Legal Protection for Healthcare Workers in the Management of Infectious Diseases Under Health Laws and Regulations, highlights the framework of rights and obligations for healthcare personnel, as well as the state’s responsibility in providing legal safeguards during quarantine-related interventions. The research adopts a normative legal research design, applying both statutory and conceptual approaches. Data were collected from primary legal sources, such as relevant health quarantine regulations and legislation governing medical personnel, as well as secondary sources including academic literature, scholarly journals, and expert commentaries, along with tertiary sources for supplementary context. The analysis was conducted qualitatively to provide a comprehensive understanding of how legal instruments protect healthcare workers during infectious disease outbreaks.

Reinforcing Factors Of Religious Tolerance In Parenting Within Gunungkidul’s Religious Moderation Village: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Angga Anandika Putra, Siti Rohmah Nurhayati — Tue, 28 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Religious tolerance education within the family has become increasingly important amid the growing challenges of the digital era, in which children are exposed to diverse information, including intolerant and radical narratives. Although previous studies have explored factors influencing religious tolerance, limited attention has been given to how parents strengthen tolerance values through parenting practices, particularly in religiously plural communities. This study aimed to identify the reinforcing factors that enabled parents in Gunungkidul’s Religious Moderation Village to consistently instill and practice religious tolerance values in parenting. This research employed a qualitative approach with an interpretative phenomenological design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six fathers from interfaith communities in Watusigar and Hargomulyo Villages, Gunungkidul Regency, who were selected using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to identify meaningful experiences and emerging themes. The findings revealed two major reinforcing factors: the pluralistic social environment as a natural learning space and the support of state legality and national philosophical values, including Pancasila and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. These factors reduced parents’ educational burdens by transforming tolerance from a conceptual lesson into an everyday lifestyle experienced by children. The study concludes that sustainable religious tolerance in parenting is strengthened through the synergy between supportive social ecosystems and formal state structures, providing important implications for inclusive family education and religious moderation practices.

The Effectiveness of Digital-Based Traditional Games in Improving The Ability to Solve Numeracy Story Problems for Elementary School Students

Ayu Tri Wahyuni, Lalan Soeharlan, Yuyun Dwi Haryanti — Sat, 04 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to test the effectiveness of digital-based traditional games in improving third-grade elementary school students’ ability to solve numeracy story problems. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group design. The participants were 40 third-grade students from SD Sukarajawetan II, who were divided into an experimental group of 20 students who received numeracy instruction using digital-based traditional games and a control group of 20 students who received conventional instruction. Data were collected through pretest and posttest instruments consisting of 20 essay questions that measured students’ ability to understand the problem context, determine relevant operations, plan solution strategies, and perform calculations accurately. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent-samples and paired-samples *t*-tests, normalized gain (N-gain), and effect size (Cohen’s *d*). The results showed that both groups had equivalent initial abilities; however, the experimental group showed significantly greater improvement than the control group. The experimental group achieved a higher mean posttest score and a moderate N-gain, whereas the control group showed a lower N-gain category. The effect size analysis revealed a large practical impact of the intervention. These findings suggest that digital-based traditional games are more effective than conventional methods in improving students’ ability to solve numeracy story problems. The integration of local cultural games into the digital learning environment not only strengthens conceptual understanding but also increases student engagement and motivation in mathematics learning.

Detecting Corruption Risks in Government Procurement of Goods and Services Using Red Flag Indicators Based on LPSE Open Data: A Systematic Literature Review

Andreas Yopi Mahendra Irawan, Sri Wahyuni — Tue, 07 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to examine the detection of corruption risks in government procurement of goods and services using an open data–based red flag indicator approach through the Electronic Procurement Services (LPSE) system. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by collecting and analyzing various scientific articles related to procurement fraud, public procurement corruption, e-procurement, and the use of data analytics in fraud detection. Literature sources were obtained from several scientific databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink, covering the publication period from 2015 to 2025. The results of the study showed that the most frequently used red flag indicators in detecting procurement corruption risks included a low number of tender participants, bid values close to the Self-Estimated Price (HPS), repeated vendor wins, high use of direct appointment methods, and mass disqualification of tender participants. This study also found that LPSE open data has strong potential as an early warning system for detecting potential fraud and corruption in government procurement of goods and services. In addition, the use of data analytics, machine learning, and risk-scoring models is considered capable of improving the effectiveness of procurement oversight in a more transparent and accountable manner. This research is expected to serve as a reference for the development of a data-driven procurement monitoring system to support corruption prevention efforts in the public sector.

An Evaluative Analysis of Performance Factors and Improvement Strategies in the Cement Deep Mixing (CDM) Project Based on Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) and the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI): A Case Study of the ABC Port Project

Andreamara Andreamara, Muhammad Isradi — Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The implementation of port infrastructure development often faces challenges related to soft soil conditions that require effective ground improvement methods. Cement Deep Mixing (CDM) has become one of the widely applied techniques for enhancing soil strength and stability; however, its performance is influenced by various technical, managerial, external, and implementation quality factors. This study aimed to evaluate the performance factors affecting the CDM project, identify gaps between the importance and actual performance of these factors, and determine improvement priorities using Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) and the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). A quantitative approach using a survey method was applied to the ABC Port Project, involving 85 respondents consisting of contractors, main contractors, and supervisory consultants directly involved in CDM implementation. Data were collected through questionnaires based on 15 indicators covering technical factors, managerial factors, external conditions, and implementation quality, and were analyzed using IPA and CSI methods. The results showed that the overall CDM project performance was categorized as good, with a CSI value of 87.57%, indicating a very high level of stakeholder satisfaction. However, the analysis revealed a negative performance gap of -0.06 between stakeholder expectations and actual project performance. The highest improvement priorities were related to technical training (M2) and operator and technician competency (M1), indicating the need for stronger human resource development and technical control. This study concludes that the integration of IPA and CSI provides an effective evaluation framework for identifying critical factors and developing targeted strategies to improve CDM project performance.

Optimization of PV-BESS System Capacity Considering Battery Degradation for Nighttime Peak Load Supply: A Case Study of Guluk-Guluk, Madura

Herdian Raditya, Rachmawan Budiarto, Roni Irnawan — Wed, 08 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The integration of photovoltaic (PV) generation into power systems presents operational challenges due to the temporal mismatch between daytime solar production and nighttime peak demand. This issue is particularly critical in tropical systems with limited local generation flexibility, such as Guluk-Guluk, Madura, where a PV–battery energy storage system (PV-BESS) is planned to support nighttime peak load demand. This study aimed to determine the optimal PV-BESS capacity configuration under a PV-only charging scheme, in which the battery is charged solely by PV generation without grid support. A 25-year time-series simulation based on historical solar resource data was integrated with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to minimize the Net Present Cost (NPC) while penalizing unmet energy demand. Battery degradation was modeled using calendar and cycle aging, and the impact of Power Conversion System (PCS) charging capacity was evaluated through sensitivity analysis and re-optimization. The baseline optimal configuration consisted of 75.36 MWp of PV capacity and 570.98 MWh of initial BESS capacity with a 50 MW PCS, achieving 83.85% reliability and an NPC of USD 269.18 million. The results indicated that battery aging was not the dominant factor limiting system reliability; instead, daily solar variability and PCS charging constraints had stronger impacts. Increasing PCS capacity from 50 MW to approximately 56 MW significantly improved reliability, while further increases yielded diminishing returns as the system transitioned from power-limited to energy-limited operation. These findings emphasize the importance of integrated PV, BESS, and PCS planning for renewable peaker applications in tropical power systems.

Enhancing Knowledge Accessibility and Preservation

Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

In the era of digital transformation, effective knowledge management has become essential for organizations to maintain operational continuity, improve productivity, and preserve critical institutional knowledge. The IT Department of Bank ABC faces challenges related to fragmented knowledge storage, limited accessibility to technical information, and potential knowledge loss due to employee turnover. These conditions affect the efficiency of knowledge-sharing processes and employees’ ability to retrieve relevant information when needed. This research aims to design a knowledge repository system that enhances knowledge accessibility and supports the preservation of organizational knowledge within the IT Department of Bank ABC. This study employed a qualitative approach through stakeholder interviews and literature reviews to identify knowledge management challenges, define knowledge requirements, and develop a repository design framework. The analysis was conducted using the SECI knowledge management model, knowledge taxonomy, and User-Centered Design (UCD) approach, supported by Unified Modeling Language (UML) modeling. The results indicate that the proposed repository design can organize operational and technical knowledge into structured domains while providing essential features, including document management, knowledge categorization, search functionality, role-based access control, approval workflows, and audit trails. The proposed system design contributes to improving knowledge accessibility, reducing knowledge silos, and strengthening organizational memory. In conclusion, the knowledge repository provides a strategic framework for Bank ABC’s IT Department to manage, preserve, and utilize knowledge effectively. Future implementation and usability evaluations are recommended to measure its practical impact.

The Effectiveness of Culturally Responsive Teaching-Based E-Motic in Improving The Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students

Dede Mulyana, Yuyun Dwi Haryanti — Sat, 04 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of *The Effectiveness of Culturally Responsive Teaching-Based E-Motic in Improving The Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students* in improving the critical thinking skills of elementary school students. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design model. The participants involved 60 students in Grade V, who were divided into two groups, namely 30 students in the experimental group and 30 students in the control group, with relatively homogeneous characteristics in terms of age, socioeconomic background, and initial academic achievement. The research instruments included critical thinking ability tests based on indicators of interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation; observation sheets on learning implementation; and student response questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests through independent sample t-tests and effect size calculations. The results showed a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group after treatment (p < 0.05), with a large effect-size category. The increase in critical thinking scores in the experimental group was higher than in the control group across all indicators. In addition, the implementation of learning was in the “very good” category, and the students’ responses to the use of E-MOTIC showed a very positive acceptance rate. These findings indicate that the integration of thematic digital modules with a culturally responsive teaching approach is effective in creating contextual, meaningful learning oriented toward strengthening higher-order thinking skills in primary schools.

The Effect of Alkali Soaking Time on The Deflection of Coir Fiber Composites

Lery Alfriany Salo, Dina Ramba, Fikran Fikran, Eky Setiawan S — Sat, 04 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Natural fiber composites have the potential to serve as environmentally friendly materials; however, the quality of fiber–matrix interfacial bonding is strongly influenced by the initial treatment of the fibers. This study aimed to analyze the effect of alkali immersion time on the flexural deflection of epoxy-matrix palm fiber composites. Palm fibers were soaked in a 5% NaOH solution for varying durations of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 hours. The composites were fabricated with a volume fraction of 70% epoxy and 30% palm fiber and were tested for flexural deflection in accordance with ASTM D790 under a constant load of 6 kg (≈58.86 N). Each variation was tested using three replicate specimens. The results showed that flexural deflection decreased as immersion time increased, reaching a minimum at 5 hours, and then increased again at 7 hours. The highest average deflection was observed in composites without alkali treatment (5.20 mm), while the lowest deflection (4.23 mm) occurred at 5 hours of immersion, indicating improved flexural rigidity. Statistical analysis showed a coefficient of variation below 6%, indicating good data consistency. This behavior is associated with the reduction of lignin and hemicellulose content and improved fiber–matrix interfacial bonding. Overall, an alkali immersion time of 5 hours was identified as the optimal condition for improving the flexural deflection performance of palm fiber–epoxy composites.

A Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Design Coordination Based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) Using A Value Stream Mapping Approach in Highway Infrastructure Projects

Rezeki Fajri, Muhammad Isradi — Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Design coordination in toll road projects involves many stakeholders with high information exchange needs, potentially causing process waste such as waiting time, repeated inspections, design revisions, and information delays, which reduces coordination effectiveness and impacts design completion duration. The application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) through the Common Data Environment (CDE) is expected to enhance information integration and collaboration among stakeholders, thereby increasing design coordination effectiveness. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of BIM-CDE in the design coordination process in toll road infrastructure projects through waste identification and process performance measurement. The research uses a mixed methods approach with a case study design. Data were obtained through observation, study of project documents, and semi-structured interviews. The analysis was carried out using Value Stream Mapping (VSM) to identify Value Added (VA), Non-Value Added (NVA), and supporting activities, then evaluated using waiting time, lead time, and Process Cycle Efficiency (PCE) indicators. The results of the study identified four types of waste, namely waiting, transportation, defect, and overprocessing. The implementation of BIM-CDE was able to reduce the waiting time from 72 days to 25 days (65.28%), while the total lead time was reduced from 255 days to 134 days (47.45%). In addition, the PCE value increased from 27.45% to 31.34% indicating an improvement in process efficiency. This study was limited to one project case study so generalizations of results are still limited. Further research is suggested to test the application of BIM–CDE on different projects.

The Influence of Parents' Socio-Economic Status, Motivation, Self-Efficacy, Teacher-Student Interactions on Interest in Entering Higher Students

Tumpak Simangunsong, H. Suwatno — Thu, 02 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Education is a crucial asset for the development of society and the nation. However, the low percentage of individuals pursuing higher education in Indonesia remains a concern that requires further investigation. Various factors influence students’ decisions not to continue their education at the tertiary level. This study aims to analyze the influence of parents’ socioeconomic status, self-efficacy, motivation, and academic achievement on students’ interest in pursuing higher education. The research adopted a quantitative approach, with data collected from 48 Social Sciences students at Cimindi Adventist High School. Causal relationships were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The findings indicate that parents’ socioeconomic status, self-efficacy, motivation, and academic achievement have a significant positive effect on students’ interest in continuing their education. These results emphasize the importance of teachers and school management in consistently enhancing student motivation and self-efficacy, particularly for students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, to encourage continued engagement in higher education. Participation in higher education is strongly influenced by factors such as parents’ socioeconomic status, motivation, self-efficacy, and academic achievement. Therefore, it is crucial for schools and educators to provide adequate support, especially to students from low-income backgrounds, to motivate them to pursue higher education.

Applying Systems Thinking Concepts for the Analysis of Digital Excise Stamp Transformation in Indonesia

Afifah Nur Ismawati, Akhmad Hidayatno — Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The increasing complexity of illicit trade and excise violations has become a major challenge for governments in protecting state revenue and ensuring product legality. In Indonesia, excise violations involving tobacco and alcoholic products have continued to increase, with cases rising from 12,045 in 2021 to 21,915 in 2024, resulting in significant potential revenue losses. Digital excise stamp transformation is considered a strategic solution to improve traceability, transparency, compliance, and monitoring effectiveness. However, its implementation involves complex interactions among technological adoption, system security, industry readiness, institutional capacity, and enforcement mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of digital excise stamp transformation in Indonesia and identify strategic intervention points for sustainable implementation using a systems thinking approach. The research employed a qualitative systems thinking method consisting of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), conceptual model development, causal loop diagram (CLD) construction, model verification and validation through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and system archetype analysis. The results revealed three main feedback structures: two reinforcing loops related to user experience investment and security investment, and one balancing loop associated with enforcement effectiveness and institutional operational burden. The analysis identified several systemic challenges, including limits to growth, fixes that fail, and growth underinvestment archetypes. The study concludes that successful digital excise stamp implementation requires integrated policies focusing on technology adoption, security enhancement, institutional capacity development, and risk-based enforcement strategies to ensure long-term sustainability and optimize government revenue protection.

The Effect of Profitability and Exchange Rates on Stock Prices, with Earnings Per Share as an Intervening Variable, at Islamic Banks in Indonesia

Lia Siti Maziddah, Henny Medyawati — Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Stock prices are among the main indicators used to assess the performance of Islamic banks. However, stock prices of Islamic banks continue to exhibit volatility despite the sustainable growth of the Islamic banking industry in Indonesia. This condition indicates the potential influence of internal and external factors that may affect stock price movements. This study aimed to analyze the effects of profitability and exchange rates on stock prices, with earnings per share (EPS) as an intervening variable, in Islamic banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2018–2024 period. Profitability was measured using return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). This study employed a quantitative approach with a purposive sampling method based on two criteria: Islamic banks that had been continuously listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from the second quarter of 2018 to the fourth quarter of 2024 and those that had consistently published financial reports throughout the research period. The data used were secondary data obtained from Yahoo Finance, financial reports available on the official websites of each bank, and the Bank Indonesia (BI) website. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and the Sobel test. The results indicated that ROE had a significant effect on EPS, whereas ROA and exchange rates had no significant effect on EPS. EPS had a significant effect on stock prices, while ROA, ROE, and exchange rates had no significant direct effects on stock prices.

The Influence of University X's Marketing Mix on Prospective Students' Purchase Intention in Bandung City

Samuel Tarigan, Cynthia Indira Pohe — Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study analyzes the effect of service marketing mix elements—product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence—on the purchase intention of prospective students toward University X in Bandung. The research addresses increasing competition among private universities and declining new student enrollment, which require more effective marketing strategies. A quantitative survey method was employed with 326 respondents from 60 high schools, vocational schools, and community learning centers in Bandung and the surrounding areas. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted on 241 respondents in grades 10–12 who were aware of University X, with the results compared to those of 145 respondents from grades 11–12. In the overall analysis, price and people significantly influence purchase intention, while promotion shows a very weak effect. Product, place, and physical evidence show no significant effect. In the grade 11–12 segment, process is the only significant variable. The findings recommend marketing strategies focused on improving pricing and scholarship schemes, enhancing human resource competencies among lecturers, academic staff, students, and alumni, strengthening promotional efforts, and optimizing service processes. The study confirms that, in the higher education context, price, people, and process are dominant predictors of purchase intention, providing strategic insights for University X decision-makers.

Abortion Dispensation Due to Verified Contraceptive Failure: A Normative Juridical Study of Article 60 of Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health

Thu, 02 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Indonesia faces a paradox in its reproductive health policy: while actively promotes the Family Planning program but explicitly acknowledges the possibility of contraceptive failure under Law Number 52 of 2009. It fails to provide a legal remedy when such failure

results in unintended pregnancy. Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health and Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code (KUHP) permit abortion only under limited exceptions. Namely, medical emergencies and pregnancies among rape victims, without accommodating contraceptive failure, notwithstanding the State’s recognition that such failures may occur. This study aims to (1) analyze the legal standing of unintended pregnancy resulting from verified contraceptive failure within the framework of exceptions to the prohibition of abortion and (2) develop a contextually legal dispensation model for abortion in such cases within the Indonesian legal system. The research employs a normative legal method, utilizing conceptual, statutory and comparative approaches. Secondary legal materials are examined through systematic, teleological and extensive interpretation, alongside a comparative analysis of six selected countries. The findings demonstrated that the legal status of contraceptive failure is characterized by a condition of normative incompleteness (onvolledigheid van de norm), thereby undermining the principles of legal certainty and protection. Interpretation of “medical emergency” grounded in the World Health Organization’s definition of health, may serve as an entry point to accommodate such cases. The appropriate legal construction lies in the establishment of a dispensation mechanism, implemented through an integrated dispensation panel at the district/city level.

The Effects of Economic Growth, The Minimum Wage, and the Unemployment Rate on the Number of People Living in Poverty in East Java, 2020–2024

Anggraeni Rahmasari, Fatihul Khoir, Indah Noviandari, Adisty Amanda Putri — Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to analyze the partial and simultaneous effects of economic growth, minimum wages, and unemployment rates on the number of people living in poverty in East Java Province from 2020 to 2024, as well as to identify the dominant variables influencing poverty levels. This research employed a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of East Java Province. The data consisted of information related to the number of people living in poverty, economic growth, minimum wages, and unemployment rates during the 2020–2024 period. The results of the partial testing (t-test) showed that the economic growth variable, measured by Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), did not have a significant effect on the number of people living in poverty in East Java Province during the study period, with a significance value of 0.508, which was greater than the 0.05 significance level. In contrast, the minimum wage variable (Upah Minimum Provinsi or UMP) and the open unemployment rate variable (Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka or TPT) had significant effects on poverty levels, with significance values of 0.017 and 0.007, respectively, which were below the 0.05 threshold. Meanwhile, the results of the simultaneous testing (F-test) indicated that economic growth (GRDP), minimum wages (UMP), and open unemployment rates (TPT) collectively had a significant effect on the number of people living in poverty in East Java Province during the 2020–2024 period, with a significance value of 0.029, which was lower than 0.05.

An Analysis of the Influence of Marketing Content Effectiveness and Customer Reviews on Purchase Intention at D'zuka Restaurant

Caroline Winona, Murhadi Murhadi, Dewi Ayu Kusumaningrum — Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

In the modern era, the number of social media users continues to increase. Along with technological advancements, consumers no longer make purchasing decisions solely based on product attributes but also consider their digital experiences. Although marketing content and customer reviews are believed to play important roles in influencing purchasing decisions, the extent to which these factors directly affect purchase intention and how this relationship can be explained through the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) theory require further investigation. This study aims to analyze the effects of marketing content effectiveness and customer reviews on purchase intention at D'zuka Restaurant, both partially and simultaneously, and to determine the magnitude of the influence of these variables on consumers’ purchase intentions. This study employed a quantitative research method by analyzing data obtained from questionnaire responses. The results showed that both independent variables had significant effects on purchase intention, with beta coefficients of 0.385 for marketing content effectiveness and 0.474 for customer reviews. Collectively, these two variables explained 61.3% of the variance in purchase intention (R² = 0.613). Both variables indicated information processing tendencies through the central and peripheral routes, with a stronger tendency toward the central route. These findings support the application of the Elaboration Likelihood Model theory in the context of social media and online review-based food marketing, demonstrating that both marketing content effectiveness and customer reviews significantly influence purchase intention, with customer reviews having a slightly stronger effect.

The Effect of Non-Physical Work Environment, Motivation, and Workload on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable on Perum DAMRI MAC Bus Drivers

Thu, 02 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Employeeoperformance isothe level of success or workoresults achievedoby anoindividual inocarrying outotheir dutiesoand responsibilities during a certain period, which is measured based on standards or targets set by the organization. Theopurpose ofothis studyois toodetermine the analysis of non-physical work enviironment, motivation, and workload on employeoperformance withojob satisfactionoas an interveningovariable. Theoresearch methodoused inothis studyois a quantitativeoresearch method with a descriptiveoandoverification approach. Dataocollection techniques in thisostudy are interviews, questionnaires, andoobservations with a population of 90 drivers. Theosampling techniqueoused in thisostudy is a non-probability samplingotechnique with sensus sampling. The analytical tool in thisostudy is SmartPLS 4 for verification analysis. Testing of measurement models or outer models in this study is convergentovalidity, discriminantovalidity, AverageoVariance Extractedo (AVE), compositeoreliability, Cronbachoalpha. The structural model or inner models tested in this study were the coefficientoof determinationo (R²) and predictiveorelevance (Q²). Theoresults of thisostudy indiicate thatothe non-physiical work enviironment and motivation have a positiive and signiificant effectt on job satisfactiion partially, while workload has no effectt on job satisfactiion partially. Workload and satiisfaction have a posiitive and signifiicant effectt on peerformance, while the non-physiical work enviironment and motiivation have nooeffect onoperformance partially. Simultaneously, the effect is 76.1%, and the remaiining 23.9% is inflluenced by other facttors. Job satisfaction can mediate the non-physiical work enviironment and motivation on emplloyee perforrmance, but cannot mediate the effect of workload on emplloyee peerformance.

Immersive Quiet Rooms for Children with ADHD: Color, Geometry, and Gaze Based Simulation

Nanda Supriyono, Popi Puspitasari — Tue, 28 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in maintaining attention, regulating sensory responses, and managing behavioral impulses. Environmental design has increasingly been recognized as a supportive intervention that can influence emotional regulation and cognitive performance among children with ADHD. This study explores the design of immersive quiet rooms through the integration of color, geometric elements, and gaze-based simulation to create a calming and adaptive environment for children with ADHD. The research employs a design simulation approach by examining how spatial configurations, visual stimuli, and interactive environmental features affect children’s attention patterns and sensory experiences. A virtual immersive environment was developed to evaluate the impact of different color schemes, geometric compositions, and visual focal points using gaze-based interaction analysis. The findings indicate that carefully selected soft color palettes, balanced geometric patterns, and controlled visual stimuli contribute to improved sensory comfort and reduced visual distraction. The gaze-based simulation demonstrates that specific spatial arrangements and visual elements can guide attention toward calming areas while minimizing overstimulation. This study highlights the potential of immersive quiet rooms as an evidence-based environmental strategy to support children with ADHD by integrating architectural design principles with digital simulation technologies. The proposed approach provides new insights into designing therapeutic learning and relaxation spaces that are responsive to children’s sensory needs and cognitive characteristics.

Evaluation of Electronic Health Record Data Quality: A Case Study of a Government General Hospital in Jakarta

Iindra Iriyanti, Isnina Eva Hidayati , Nur Indrawati , Dana Indra Sensuse — Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The digital transformation of healthcare is a global priority for improving service efficiency, information system integration, and data-driven decision-making. In Indonesia, government hospitals are pioneering the implementation of digital transformation policies through the SATUSEHAT program, which aligns with the Health Level Seven International (HL7) initiative to implement global health data interoperability standards. This program requires the hourly submission of Electronic Health Record (EHR) data to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia’s SATUSEHAT platform, with the requirement that the data meet the dimensions of completeness, accuracy, timeliness, and consistency. This study aims to evaluate the quality of EHR data at a central government general hospital in Jakarta using the Total Data Quality Management (TDQM) framework and linking it to the principles of HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR). This study involved in-depth interviews with the EHR development team and a quantitative analysis of data from the hospital’s Health Information System (HIS) and data warehouse for outpatients during the period of December 1–31, 2025. The results showed that the quality of EHR data did not fully meet the four main dimensions of data quality. A total of 13.16% of EHR data was rejected by the SATUSEHAT platform. Key recommendations include synchronizing population data with the Directorate General of Population and Civil Registration and improving data quality governance capabilities within government hospitals. This research provides a strategic contribution to national efforts to build an integrated, interoperable, and globally standardized digital health system.

Soul Map Atlas: A Design-Science Framework Integrating Bazi, Numerology, Human Design, and Javanese Primbon with AI-Supported Self-Reflection in the Age of Digital Confession

Novia Angelina Zuraidy — Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Individuals are increasingly disclosing emotional struggles to AI chatbots, yet current systems remain largely reactive and lack the narrative structure needed to support long-term identity clarity, particularly amid growing identity fragmentation in hyperconnected digital environments. In response to this gap, the present study aims to design and evaluate an AI-augmented, birth-based identity framework called Soul Map Atlas, which integrates BaZi, Numerology, Human Design, and Javanese Primbon with adaptive AI reflection to transform unstructured emotional disclosure into coherent, lifelong self-reflection. Following a Design Science Research approach, the study derives its design principles from a synthesis of identity theory, AI-mediated disclosure literature, and symbolic-system scholarship, articulates a Context–Agency–Mechanism–Outcome (CAMO) framework, and designs a three-module artefact consisting of Birth Essence, Symbolic Integration Engine, and AI Reflection Module. The prototype is evaluated qualitatively through a two- to three-week interaction phase followed by 30-minute interviews, with the resulting data analysed using thematic, cross-case, and convergence analysis. The findings show that participants experienced combining stable, culturally grounded symbolic anchors with psychologically safe, non-deterministic AI dialogue as supportive of interpretive resonance, emotional safety, and a stronger sense of narrative continuity, although birth-time uncertainty and the absence of expert review remain limitations of the study. Overall, Soul Map Atlas offers a new category of AI–symbolic reflective artefact with implications for life coaching, digital wellbeing tools, and culturally inclusive identity support, and it warrants further longitudinal and expert-reviewed evaluation.

The Risk of Gold Price Fluctuations on the Balance of Assets and Liabilities: An Analysis within the Framework of Asset-Liability Management at the XYZ Church Welfare Fund

Krisna Yoga Pradigdya — Wed, 08 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The XYZ Church Welfare Fund (BAKES) manages benefit obligations denominated in gold grams, creating structural exposure to gold price volatility. However, its investment portfolio remains dominated by deposits with fixed returns, lacking assets that move in tandem with gold prices, thereby generating an Asset-Liability mismatch. This research aims to analyze risk fluctuations price gold to balance assets and liabilities in Management of the XYZ Church's BAKES welfare fund. Obligations benefit participant set in gram of gold so that its value very influenced by dynamics price gold in the market. Meanwhile that, portfolio asset BAKES investment is still dominated by deposit instruments with characteristics reward results still that doesn't own sensitivity mark one way with change price gold. This research used approach descriptive analytical with method studies case through secondary data analysis in the form of document policy management wealth, report portfolio investment, participant data, and price data gold 2022-2025 period. Research results This show that nominally condition BAKES solvency is still be in position safe Because mark asset bigger than obligations. However, the structure portfolio investments that have not been implement investment gold cause exposure risk to fluctuations price gold and potential cause imbalance between assets and liabilities in long term. Therefore that, is necessary strengthening management strategies asset in Asset Liability Management framework, including utilization investment gold as a protection instrument value, use guard stability finance and sustainability fulfillment welfare fund obligations.

The Lack of Preventive Protection and Judicial Inactivity in the Enforcement of Security Interests: A Perspective on Dignified Justice

Firman Hasurungan Simanjuntak, Diana R. W. Napitupulu , Andrew Betlehn — Wed, 08 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The execution of Mortgage Rights (Hak Tanggungan) often places Third-Party Guarantors in a vulnerable position due to the lack of adequate legal protection instruments. This study aims to analyze the void of preventive protection norms in Indonesia's auction regulations and critique the judges' considerations in the South Jakarta District Court Decision Number 1059/Pdt.G/2022/PN JKT. SEL through the analytical lens of the Dignified Justice Theory. This research is normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The results reveal two main conclusions. First, there is a legal vacuum in the Mortgage Rights Law and Minister of Finance Regulation No. 213/PMK.06/2020, which do not accommodate the right to rebut against the determination of the Limit Value, thereby legitimizing unilateral predatory pricing practices by the holder of executorial rights. Second, the Panel of Judges was proven to be trapped in a rigid positivism paradigm (la bouche de la loi) and failed to conduct legal discovery (rechtsvinding) to uncover the anomaly of auction prices that fell below the liquidation value. The decision failed to humanize humans (nguwongke uwong) and violated substantive justice. This study recommends regulatory reconstruction through the institutionalization of a "Rebuttal Period" in the pre-auction phase and the urgency of issuing a Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) to encourage judicial activism in canceling exploitative auctions.

A Study of the Perceptions of Professional-Year Students of the 76th Cohort Regarding the Integrated Surgical Clerkship Program at the Faculty of Medicine, Jenderal Achmad Yani University

Thu, 02 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The transition of medical professional students from the preclinical stage to the clinical stage is a period filled with critical academic and psychological challenges. The concept of an integrated clerkship is needed to support experiential learning, improve self-confidence, and minimize the risk of medical errors due to system unpreparedness. Evaluation of the Integrated Surgical Clerkship (ISC) program at the Faculty of Medicine, Jenderal Achmad Yani University (FK Unjani) is an essential step to ensure effective curriculum implementation.This study aimed to describe the perceptions of professional-year students of the LXXVI cohort regarding the effectiveness and implementation of the ISC program at the Faculty of Medicine, Unjani. A descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on all professional-year students of Cohort LXXVI (N = 120) using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire consisting of 26 items. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. The instrument demonstrated very high reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.982. The respondents consisted of 83 female students (69.2%) and 37 male students (30.8%). Students’ perceptions of the ISC program were in the very good category, particularly in the domains of clinical readiness and mentor quality. The ISC program was found to be effective in supporting the transition to clinical education and is recommended for continued implementation.

The Selection of Project Construction Method to Achieve the OTOBOSOROR Goal at Blue Ammonia Project

Hermawan Yudhistiro, Utomo Sarjono Putro — Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

PT. Kilang Pertamina Internasional (PT KPI) is mandated to support the Government's Strategic Program on the Green Economy Pioneer through the development of the Blue Ammonia Plant project, which must be executed in accordance with the OTOBOSOROR target (On Time, On Budget, On Specification, On Regulation, and On Return). One of the most critical milestones in project implementation is the selection of the Project Construction Method, a complex decision influenced by multiple internal and external factors. This research evaluated construction methods Stick Built, Modularization, Pre-Assembly Unit (PSU), and their combination using an integrated SWOT Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. The OTOBOSOROR target is translated into SWOT factors to formulate strategies that leverage Strengths, address Weaknesses, capitalize on Opportunities, and mitigate Threats. In the AHP framework, SWOT factors are ranked through pairwise comparisons, systematically converting the Project Team's qualitative judgments into a numerical basis for decision-making. The results identified the four most influential parameters in selecting the construction method: Manpower availability and expertise (18.38%), Support from Government (13.20%), Proven experience in mega project operations (11.93%), and Technology maturity (7.21%). Furthermore, the optimal construction method is the combination of Stick-Built, Modularization, and Pre-Assembly Unit (PSU), with the results demonstrating robustness across varying criteria weights in sensitivity analysis. These findings provide a strategic framework for PT KPI to achieve the OTOBOSOROR objectives while accommodating internal capabilities and external environmental conditions.

Water Allocation Based on Source Capacity, Non-Revenue Water (NRW), and Customer Priority at PT Air Minum Giri Menang Perseroda Mataram."

Nurul Hidayati, I Wayan Yasa , Hartana Hartana — Tue, 28 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The operational reliability condition of the pipeline network in the West Lombok Regional Government Housing Area is currently facing technical challenges in maintaining the continuity of flow to the downstream side of consumers. Based on preliminary studies and analysis of global water balance conducted using official annual volume data from agencies for the period of 2024, the level of network leakage or Non-Revenue Water (NRW) in the residential cluster is calculated to have exceeded 40%. This study aims to determine the effective capacity of the system in meeting the water needs of each zone through a tiered allocation simulation based on the priority order of the AHP-SAW method. The results of the analysis show that the water source capacity (safe yield) is still within safe limits for the potential for aquifer recharge. Real production reached 132,095,000 m³/year or 83.77% of installed capacity, indicating that the pump has been operating close to its optimal capacity. Meanwhile, the ecological exploitation index of 41.89% shows that groundwater utilization is still within safe and sustainable limits. The existing conditions of NRW show that there is a variation in the rate of water loss in each service zone. Zone 1 has an estimated NRW of 48.690%, followed by zone 2 and zone 3. The simulation results show that the effective capacity has not been able to meet all the water needs of each zone at the same time.

The Study of Delivery Medicine Using ENDS Device: A Bromhexine Study Case

Cipto Kokadir, Ervina Kalinda, Kamarza Mulia — Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) have been used over the last decade as substitutes for conventional cigarettes. The delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using these devices has been reported in the literature; however, many puffs are required to achieve a therapeutic dose. This study aimed to deliver and measure bromhexine hydrochloride (BRM) as an API via inhalation using an e-liquid formulation. The e-liquid was obtained by trapping the aerosol and measuring the concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Our study demonstrated that five puffs accumulated 3.3156 ng/mL of BRM, and the efficiency of the ENDS device was calculated to be 99.8%. In addition, computational simulations were performed, resulting in a binding affinity of BRM of −7.3 kcal mol⁻¹, compared with −8.1 kcal mol⁻¹ for salbutamol. Nevertheless, BRM formed a hydrogen bond between the amine group and Ser204, π-alkyl bonds with Ala200 and Val114, and alkyl interactions with Phe289 and Phe290. However, the BRM interaction with the protein did not form a stable complex in the dynamic simulation, although it may act as an allosteric modulator or partial agonist. The results of this study corroborate previous findings that ENDS technology may offer broad innovations for inhaled medicines.

The Effect of Hydrogel Containing Centella Asiatica Active Ingredient on Incision Wound Healing in Wistar Rats: A Systematic Review on VEGF and Fibroblasts

Arge Raviadi Muhammad, Renni Yuniati , B. Parish Budiono — Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Centella asiatica, commonly known as pegagan or gotu kola, is a traditional medicinal plant widely used across Asia for its wound-healing properties. Its key active constituents—asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid—have been associated with enhanced collagen synthesis, modulation of inflammatory responses, and stimulation of angiogenesis. However, the specific biomolecular role of C. asiatica-based hydrogel formulations in incision wound healing, particularly through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and fibroblast proliferation in Wistar rats, has not been systematically synthesized. This systematic review aims to consolidate current evidence regarding the effects of C. asiatica hydrogel on VEGF expression and fibroblast activity in incision wound models in Wistar rats, and to elucidate the underlying biomolecular mechanisms. The findings indicate that C. asiatica hydrogel formulations significantly upregulate VEGF expression, enhance fibroblast density, accelerate wound closure, and promote collagen deposition compared to control groups. These effects are mediated through PI3K/AKT, TGF-β/Smad, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Hydrogel concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 10% w/w have demonstrated optimal biological activity. Overall, C. asiatica hydrogel presents a promising topical intervention for incision wound healing; however, standardized clinical trials are still required to confirm its therapeutic efficacy and optimal formulation parameters.

Liquidity, Leverage, Activity, and Profitability Ratios on Financial Distress: Evidence from LQ45 Manufacturing Companies

Tue, 07 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research examines the effect of liquidity, leverage, activity, and profitability on financial distress among manufacturing companies included in the LQ45 Index in Indonesia during 2020–2024. This research used a quantitative explanatory approach to investigate the relationship between the variables. The analysis relied on secondary data obtained from the audited annual reports of 7 manufacturing companies selected by purposive sampling method, resulting in a balanced panel dataset consisting of 35 observations. Financial distress was measured using the Altman Z-Score, while TATO, ROA, DER, and CR were employed as the independent variables. To evaluate both the individual and combined effects of these variables on financial distress, panel data regression analysis was conducted using the CEM, supported by t-test and F-test analysis. The results reveal that liquidity (t = 2.426; p = 0.022) and profitability (p = 0.070) have positive and statistically significant correlations with the Altman Z-Score, indicating that stronger liquidity and higher profitability mitigate financial distress risk, with profitability emerging as the dominant predictor. Conversely, leverage and asset efficiency show no significant individual effects, suggesting that manufacturing firms can adjust their capital structure and asset utilization without necessarily increasing financial distress risk. However, when all four ratios are considered simultaneously, they collectively explain a substantial portion of the variation in financial distress (F = 3.797; p = 0.013; R² = 33.61%). These findings highlight that financial ratio indicators, particularly those related to liquidity and profitability, are useful for evaluating the financial health of established manufacturing firms in Indonesia's LQ45 Index.

Factors Influencing Investors’ Investment Decisions in Crowdfunding Financial Technology (Case Study: Danamart Platform)

Dede Suryanto, Bernardus Yuliarto Nugroho, Nur Fatwa — Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The rapid development of financial technology (fintech) in Indonesia has given rise to various innovative financing alternatives, one of which is Securities Crowdfunding (SCF), which provides capital solutions for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through digital crowdfunding platforms. As a relatively new investment instrument in Indonesia, SCF presents both opportunities and challenges for investors and prospective investors in making investment decisions. This research aims to determine the effect of Organizer (X1), Issuer (X2), Risk (X3), Securities (X4), on Investment Decisions (Y) of Investors / Potential Investors on the Danamart platform and the role of ALUDI to influence and increase the interest of Investors / Potential Investors to invest in crowdfunding services. The population in this study is the Investor / Potential Investor on the Danamart platform and the sample technique used in this study is random sampling. This research uses SPSS Version 29.00 software, analysis using quantitative and qualitative methods (mixed method) with descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing using binary logistic regression analysis. The results showed that: (1) Organizers have a significant effect on Investment Decisions. (2) Issuer has a significant effect on Investment Decisions. (3) Risk has a significant effect on Investment Decisions. (4) Securities have no significant effect on Investment Decisions. Simultaneously the Organizer (X1), Issuer (X2), Risk (X3), Securities (X4) variables have a significant effect on Investment Decisions as evidenced in the Omnibus Test of Model Coefficients table sig value. 0,001 < 0,05.

The Impact of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Approach on Students in Learning English for Maritime at Indonesian Maritime Polytechnic

Nurlely Nasaruddin — Sat, 25 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research was conducted to examine the significance of implementing the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model and its effects on students’ English for Maritime learning at the Indonesian Maritime Polytechnic. The study employed a descriptive research design, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The collected data were analyzed using Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña’s interactive analysis model, which consists of data collection, data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results revealed that the implementation of the CTL model significantly influenced students’ learning motivation, participation, and comprehension of English for Maritime. The approach encouraged students to become more active, motivated, and collaborative by connecting classroom learning materials with real-world maritime contexts. Furthermore, the model enhanced students’ critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and reflective learning practices, enabling them to apply knowledge actively rather than merely memorize concepts. The implementation of CTL also helped reduce students’ learning anxiety and improved their retention of maritime-related terminology.

The Ideology And Doctrine of Muhammadiyah

Tasminatin Tasminatin, Moh. Nurhakim, Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini — Tue, 07 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research discusses the ideology and doctrine of *The Ideology And Doctrine Of Muhammadiyah*, which is reflected in the Muqaddimah of the Muhammadiyah Articles of Association (MADM), the Principles of Muhammadiyah Beliefs and Ideals (MKCH), and the Personality of Muhammadiyah as the foundation of the da'wah and reform movement. This study is important for understanding the identity, direction of struggle, and contribution of Muhammadiyah to the life of the people and the nation. The purpose of this research is to analyze the concept of Muhammadiyah ideology and its relevance in facing contemporary developments. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method. Data were obtained through a literature review of Muhammadiyah’s official documents, such as the Articles of Association, MKCH, as well as scholarly works related to Muhammadiyah’s thoughts and movement. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques to examine the ideological values contained in the documents. The results of the study show that the Muqaddimah of the Muhammadiyah Articles of Association affirms monotheism as the theological foundation of the struggle, MKCH emphasizes the orientation of da'wah amar ma'ruf nahi munkar and tajdid, while the Personality of Muhammadiyah serves as a moral and ideological guideline for all members of the organization. These values form the identity of Muhammadiyah as a progressive, rational Islamic movement oriented toward the benefit of the people. Thus, Muhammadiyah ideology remains relevant in responding to social, scientific, and national challenges in the modern era.

Intra-Articular Mesenchymal Stem Cells Versus Hyaluronic Acid In Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review Of Randomized And Controlled Trials

I Gede Pradnya Wisnu Murthi, Putu Kermawan — Thu, 23 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease associated with pain, functional limitation, and reduced quality of life. Conventional treatments such as intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) provide symptomatic relief but lack regenerative capacity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a potential disease-modifying therapy due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. The objective was to systematically review and compare the efficacy and safety of intra-articular MSC therapy versus HA in the management of KOA.This systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches across multiple databases identified randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing MSC therapy with HA in KOA patients. Outcomes assessed included pain (VAS) and functional scores (WOMAC). Follow-up durations ranged from 6 months to 4 years. A systematic review was conducted using seven clinical studies, including RCT and phase I/II trials. Across all included studies, MSC therapy demonstrated superior clinical outcomes compared to HA. Significant improvements were consistently observed in pain reduction and functional scores. All RCT showed greater reductions in WOMAC and VAS scores with MSCs compared to HA.The superior clinical outcomes observed with MSC therapy compared to HA may be attributed to its regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, which extend beyond the viscosupplementation effect of HA. MSCs not only reduce inflammation but also promote cartilage repair, contributing to sustained improvements in pain and function. Variability in cell sources, dosing regimens, and study designs across RCT may influence the observed outcomes.

A Systematic Literature Review on Knowledge Retention for Mitigating Knowledge Loss in Startups: Trend, Technologies, and Framework

Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Employee turnover is a critical challenge in startups, as valuable knowledge is often lost when employees leave the organization. This loss occurs due to the lack of effective knowledge retention practices, particularly in converting tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. This study investigated knowledge retention in startup environments through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, including study identification, selection, data extraction, and synthesis. 21 relevant studies published between 2020 and 2025 were analyzed with Atlas.ti to identify key technologies and domains shaping knowledge retention frameworks. Four major technology groups are identified: Data Analytics & Intelligence Technologies, Cloud-Based Knowledge Management Systems, Knowledge Sharing and Collaboration Platforms, and Knowledge Repositories, in addition, 14 subdomains within the people, process, and technology domains were synthesized into a conceptual framework, highlighting knowledge retention as a socio-technical process. This research contributes by addressing the lack of research on knowledge retention in startup contexts and offers a conceptual foundation to support startups in developing knowledge retention strategies.

Impact of ESG Scores and ESG Controversies on Firm Value in Southeast Asia (2018-2022), Moderated by Family Ownership Influence

Wahyudi Safitryanto, Cynthia A Utama — Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The notion of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) has become increasingly significant in global corporate strategies, particularly in addressing sustainability and climate change issues. This study analyzes the impact of differences between ESG scores and ESG controversies on Firm Value in publicly traded firms across Southeast Asia between 2018 and 2022, and family ownership serving as a moderating variable. This study provided a different perspective from previous research, which measured the difference between ESG Scores and ESG Controversies using ESG True Value and ESG Combined. The analysis used two regression models: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Random Effects Model (REM). The results of this research showed that true value data tested using OLS and ESG Combined data using the REM model, the difference between ESG Score and ESG Controversies was proven to adversely impact corporate value. The adverse effect was determined to be stronger in family enterprises. This significant negative effect on family firms was influenced by factors including firm orientation, internal information dissemination in family firms, and their ESG disclosures.

The Impacts of Woodchip Co-Firing on Boiler Efficiency and the Environment at the 100 MW CFB Sebalang Power Plant as a Green Energy Enhancement

Burhanuddin Amrulloh, Prabowo Prabowo, Benny Susanto — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Biomass co-firing in coal-fired power plants is one of the energy transition strategies that enables the utilization of existing power generation assets. This study evaluates the effects of woodchip co-firing on the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler at PLTU Sebalang Unit 1 (2 × 100 MW) using woodchip co-firing ratios of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. The parameters analyzed included gross load, gross and net energy production, fuel consumption across the four coal feeders, total fuel consumption, specific fuel consumption (SFC), gross calorific value (GCV), gross plant heat rate (GPHR), and net plant heat rate (NPHR). The results showed that increasing the woodchip co-firing ratio to 30% did not significantly reduce the gross load, which decreased only from 87.11 MW to 86.94 MW (approximately 0.20%). However, total fuel consumption increased from 267.06 tons to 328.50 tons, while SFC rose from 0.678 kg/kWh to 0.840 kg/kWh. The GPHR increased from 3,044.08 kcal/kWh to 3,448.24 kcal/kWh at a 30% woodchip co-firing ratio, whereas the NPHR increased from 3,369.01 kcal/kWh to 3,830.29 kcal/kWh. These findings suggest that woodchip co-firing can maintain load stability but results in higher fuel consumption and heat rate penalties because of the lower calorific value of woodchips, their potentially higher moisture content, and challenges associated with fuel homogenization and feeding. Therefore, implementing medium- to high-ratio woodchip co-firing requires stringent woodchip quality control, feeder calibration, combustion air optimization, and continuous heat rate monitoring based on actual operating data.

A Systematic Literature Review of Supporting Factors for Big Data Analytics (BDA) in Public Sector Auditing

Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The application of Big Data Analytics (BDA) in auditing offers significant benefits, including increased accountability and transparency, as well as reduced operational costs. BDA is also expected to improve the quality and reliability of audit results used for decision-making. The role of BDA in public sector auditing is crucial, as it helps detect anomalies or fraud, enhance oversight, and evaluate implemented policies. Despite its benefits, the application of BDA in public sector auditing still faces various challenges that need to be addressed. This study aims to analyze the factors that support the implementation of BDA in public sector auditing and identify the challenges encountered during its implementation. This research uses a systematic literature review (SLR) approach with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. The study also employs the Content Validity Index (CVI) to validate the relevance of the identified factors and their classification. The results reveal eight factors that support the use of BDA in public sector auditing: perceived organizational benefits; process management; data privacy, security, and governance; data quality; people aspects; auditor aspects; organizational aspects; and systems, tools, and technologies. Public sector auditing needs to consider these factors when implementing BDA to improve audit effectiveness, efficiency, and the quality of oversight. Proper implementation of BDA can strengthen transparency and accountability in public financial management and policy oversight.

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Implementation of China’s Belt and Road Initiative Projects in Sri Lanka

Muhammad Dimas Audi Nurapraja — Tue, 14 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is China’s foreign policy program launched by President Xi Jinping in 2013. Sri Lanka has become one of the significant BRI partner countries due to its strategic location, particularly the Colombo Port and the Hambantota region, which are important points along international maritime trade routes. This research aims to analyze the factors influencing the implementation of China’s BRI program in Sri Lanka and examine its implications for Sri Lanka’s national development. The study employs a qualitative approach using secondary data analysis through library research. The theoretical framework applied in this research is dependency theory. The findings reveal two interrelated dimensions of interests: (1) China’s interests in Sri Lanka, including transportation infrastructure development, energy cooperation, and soft power projection; and (2) Sri Lanka’s interests in China, including foreign direct investment, infrastructure development, connectivity enhancement, and technology transfer. The implementation of the BRI in Sri Lanka demonstrates the relevance of dependency theory in explaining the dynamics of bilateral relations between developed and developing countries in the contemporary era.

Business Intelligence Dashboard Visualization Design for Project Performance Monitoring and Strategic Decision-Making Support

Erma Dearniwati, Antonius Darma Setiawan, Untung Suprihadi, USinka Wilyanti — Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

In today's competitive business era, fast, data-driven decision-making is critical to the success of organizations. Companies in the Event Contractor sector face challenges in managing complex data, as spreadsheet-based reporting systems are prone to input errors, outdated information, and manual calculation errors, leading to decreased profits and lost business opportunities. This research aims to design and implement a Business Intelligence Dashboard visualization for project performance monitoring to support strategic decision-making. The research applied a system design and development methodology that includes analysis of user needs and integration of data from various sources, using the Vercellis framework as a development approach. The designed dashboard displays key metrics such as project costs, profit and loss, and sales performance in an easy-to-understand visual format, allowing management to conduct evaluations faster and more accurately. The results show that the implementation of the Business Intelligence Dashboard reduces decision-making time from 7-14 working days to less than 7 working days, while increasing profit margins from 28% to 36.4% through better cost control and project evaluation. Integration of multiple data sources and interactive visualization features, including drill-down and filtering functions, allows for more in-depth data analysis and assessment. This research contributes to the development of an effective Business Intelligence Dashboard visualization design to improve project performance monitoring and strategic decision-making, as well as demonstrate how interactive visualizations can improve operational efficiency and business growth.

The Effectiveness of The Child Protection Law in Addressing Bullying in Educational Settings

Sat, 04 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to normatively analyze the effectiveness of The Effectiveness of the Child Protection Law in Addressing Bullying in Educational Settings in preventing and addressing bullying within educational environments. The research focuses on the legal framework stipulated in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 on Child Protection, Law Number 20 of 2003 on the National Education System, Law Number 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, and other related regulations governing the protection of children from physical, psychological, verbal, and digital violence in educational institutions. This study employs normative legal research methods using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings indicate that the Child Protection Law provides a strong normative legal foundation to guarantee children’s rights to protection from all forms of violence, discrimination, and bullying in educational settings. However, its practical effectiveness remains constrained by several challenges, including weak institutional supervision, inadequate reporting mechanisms, limited anti-bullying education, and insufficient coordination among schools, parents, and law enforcement authorities. These obstacles often result in suboptimal handling of bullying cases, thereby failing to ensure maximum protection for victims and appropriate rehabilitation for child offenders. This study concludes that strengthening legal implementation requires policy harmonization, enhanced institutional oversight, preventive educational strategies, and law enforcement approaches that prioritize child protection and the best interests of the child within educational environments. Such measures are essential to ensure a safer and more legally protected educational system for children in Indonesia.

Nyi Roro Kidul's Representation in Mobile Legends: (Bang Bang) A Semiotic Study

Nabila Shauma Lutfia, Elvi Citraresmana, Muhamad Adji — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research examines the representation of Nyi Roro Kidul in the character Kadita from the game Mobile Legends: Bang Bang using Roland Barthes' semiotic approach and Stuart Hall's theory of representation. Nyi Roro Kidul, a mythological figure revered by the Javanese people as the ruler of the South Sea, is reimagined as a digital game character. The objects of analysis include verbal signs, all of the character's spoken lines, and visual signs, such as costume, color, attributes, and the visual effects of Kadita's abilities. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with documentation and direct observation techniques. The analysis applied Barthes' three levels of meaning denotation, connotation, and myth supported by Hall's encoding-decoding theory of representation. The findings show that Kadita's representation of Nyi Roro Kidul is constructed through a synergy of verbal and visual signs that preserve key markers of cultural identity, such as the dominant use of green, the crown, and associations with the sea, while simultaneously undergoing an aesthetic transformation into an anime-style fantasy character defined by active combat. Verbal signs, particularly imperative speech patterns, construct Kadita as a ruler with absolute authority over the ocean, while the myth that emerges reproduces Javanese cosmological beliefs regarding the South Sea as a sacred domain. The study concludes that Kadita represents an adaptive mytha reconstruction of the Nyi Roro Kidul figure shaped to meet the demands of the global digital gaming industry.

Development of Social Studies E-Module Based on Culturally Responsive Teaching Containing Local Wisdom Ngalaksa Baliung: A Study Of Validity, Practicality, and Effectiveness in Improving The Collaboration Ability of Elementary School Students

Uu Ubadulloh, Eka Nurhidayat, Yuyun Dwi Haryanti, Devi Ariyuni Yonanda — Sat, 04 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to develop a Social Studies e-module based on Culturally Responsive Teaching incorporating the local wisdom of Ngalaksa Baliung to improve elementary school students’ collaboration skills. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The research subjects consisted of subject matter experts, media experts, teachers, and elementary school students. Data were collected through validation questionnaires, practicality questionnaires, collaboration skill tests, and observations. Data analysis techniques included Aiken’s V, Cronbach’s alpha, and the N-gain index. The results showed that the developed e-module had a high level of validity in terms of content, construct, and instructional design. The product also demonstrated a high level of practicality based on teacher and student responses and was effective in improving students’ collaboration skills, with improvements in the medium to high category. The integration of local wisdom values and culture-based learning approaches was proven to enhance students’ social engagement and interaction. This study contributes to the development of culturally based digital teaching materials that support the implementation of deep learning within the Independent Curriculum and strengthen elementary students’ collaborative character.

Management Strategies for Enhancing the Quality of Student Learning Processes in the Digital age

Nutfatin Abiadhoh, Na’imah Na’imah , Restu Agestiningrum — Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to describe management strategies for strengthening the quality of students' learning processes in the digital era at SDIT Nurul Hayah Ketanggungan Brebes. The study is motivated by the need for elementary schools to respond to digital transformation pedagogically so that technology can optimally support learning quality. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving the principal, teachers, and educational staff as informants. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and interactive conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that management strategies for strengthening the quality of students' learning processes in the digital era have been implemented systematically, with management playing a crucial role in strengthening learning quality through strategic planning, organization, implementation, and evaluation. The implications of these strategies are reflected in increased student engagement, learning flexibility, and the development of 4C competencies (critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication) as well as digital literacy. This study contributes to the development of digital-based educational management at the elementary school level, confirming that school management has a significant role in improving the quality of students' learning processes in the digital era.

The Application of Digital Leadership in Managing Public Political Participation on Social Media: A Case Study of the North Maluku Provincial Government’s Response

Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The increasing role of social media as a space for digital political participation allows direct interaction between the public and the government, yet the extent to which digital leadership can effectively manage this participation remains underexplored. This research aim to analyzes the application of digital leadership in responding to public political participation through social media with a case study on the TikTok account of the Governor of North Maluku, Sherly Tjoanda. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study method through social media mining techniques and qualitative content analysis of public comments. The analytical framework combines the concepts of digital leadership, online political participation, and responsiveness to see the relationship between leadership character, forms of participation, and government responses. The results of the study show that the digital leadership applied meets four main dimensions, namely message suitability, timeliness, technical mastery, and the ability to build relationships. Public participation is dominated by forms of activism/extra-representational voices that show the high involvement of citizens in conveying direct demands, especially related to infrastructure. In addition, the government's response has evolved from informal responses to substantive actions in the form of field visits, involvement of relevant agencies, and policy and budget adjustments. These findings confirm that social media can serve as an arena for effective political participation while encouraging government transparency and accountability, as well as strengthening the relationship between government and society in the digital age.

Analysis Of Critical Success Factors In Penetration Testing Delivery Projects At Pt. Abcd Using A Fuzzy Delphi Method

Zulfirman Zulfirman, Ruri Agung Wahyuono — Tue, 14 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The success of penetration testing project delivery is influenced not only by technical factors but also by an organization’s ability to manage critical operational and managerial elements in an integrated manner. In the case of PT. ABCD, recurring challenges such as dynamic scope changes and suboptimal resource coordination highlight the absence of a validated Critical Success Factors (CSFs) framework. Therefore, this study aims to identify, validate, and prioritize the key determinants that contribute to successful penetration testing project delivery. The research began with a comprehensive synthesis of multidisciplinary literature from project management, information technology, agile practices, and cybersecurity domains, which was then combined with internal organizational lessons learned. This hybrid approach produced 11 preliminary CSF candidates. To ensure the robustness of the research instrument, classical statistical tests were applied, namely Pearson Product Moment validity testing and Cronbach’s Alpha reliability analysis, which confirmed the consistency and adequacy of the measurement tool. Subsequently, the CSF candidates were evaluated by 21 experts representing Project Management Office, Sales & Business, and Technical/Pentester functions. The Fuzzy Delphi Method was employed to accommodate uncertainty in expert judgment, utilizing triangular fuzzy numbers, expert agreement levels, threshold distance (d) for consensus measurement, and alpha-cut defuzzification for final selection. The results indicate that 10 of the 11 CSFs achieved strong consensus, meeting the criteria of EA ≥ 75%, d ≤ 0.2, and alpha-cut ≥ 0.75. The final prioritization shows that communication effectiveness, stakeholder coordination, technical team readiness, and adaptive management are the most influential success factors.

Communication Gaps and Integration: A Study of the Theory of Culturally Accommodating Communication in Korean Automotive Companies in Jakarta

Ade Mahendra — Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The expansion of Korean automotive companies into Indonesia has created an intensive environment for cross-cultural communication between Korean expatriates and Indonesian employees. This study addressed the urgency of understanding communication dilemmas arising from hierarchical organizational structures and differing cultural expectations. Using Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) as the theoretical framework, this research explored how communication strategies, including convergence, divergence, maintenance, and overaccommodation, shaped daily workplace interactions. A qualitative case study approach was employed, involving purposive sampling of Korean expatriates and Indonesian employees. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participatory observations, and company document analysis. Thematic analysis revealed that convergence fostered relational solidarity but also placed psychological burdens on local employees; divergence reinforced authority but reduced employee participation; maintenance supported operational efficiency but created perceptions of indifference; and overaccommodation reduced motivation by being perceived as patronizing. These findings highlight that organizational effectiveness is not determined solely by structural efficiency but also by the quality of balanced intercultural communication. The novelty of this study lies in integrating Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) with the paradoxes of communication within hierarchical multicultural organizations, providing theoretical contributions to cross-cultural communication studies and practical implications for developing inclusive leadership approaches and intercultural training programs. Future research may extend this framework to other multinational sectors to further examine the adaptability of CAT across diverse cultural contexts.

Integration of Augmented Reality in Natural Appearance Learning to Improve The Visual-Spatial Abilities of Elementary School Students

Nanis Regina Choerunnisa, Devi Afriyuni Yonanda, Eka Nurhidayat — Sat, 04 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to investigated the effectiveness of a structured intervention program in enhancing spatial ability among twenty-one participants using a pretest-posttest design. Spatial ability was measured across four dimensions: Spatial Visualization, Spatial Orientation, Spatial Relations, and Mental Imagery. The intervention consisted of systematic training activities designed to develop multiple facets of spatial thinking. Results demonstrated substantial improvements in spatial ability following the intervention, with mean scores increasing from forty-eight point eight-nine at pretest to seventy-seven point four-six at posttest. This improvement represents a fifty-eight percent increase and yielded an exceptionally large effect size of four point three-eight, substantially exceeding the conventional threshold for large effects. The normalized gain analysis revealed a mean value of zero point five-six-five, classified as moderate effectiveness. Notably, the distribution of performance categories shifted dramatically, with all participants successfully transitioning from low to moderate or high performance levels. The paired samples t-test confirmed statistically significant differences between pretest and posttest scores. Improvements were balanced across all four spatial ability dimensions, ranging from fifty-two point nine percent to sixty-three point two percent, indicating that the intervention comprehensively addressed multiple aspects of spatial cognition rather than focusing narrowly on specific components. These findings provide robust evidence that spatial ability is a malleable cognitive competency that can be systematically developed through targeted instruction, with important implications for educational practice, particularly in STEM fields where spatial thinking is fundamental to success.

Comparison Between Efficacy Outcomes Of Covalent Versus Non Covalent Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (Btk) Inhibitor Treatments For Double-Exposed Chronic Lyhmpocitic Leukemia And Small Lymphocitic Lymphoma Patients: A Systematic Review

Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) is a mature B-cell malignancy. Covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (cBTKis) such as ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, and zanubrutinib have improved outcomes but are limited by resistance mutations at the BTK C481 site. Non-covalent BTK inhibitors (ncBTKis) like pirtobrutinib were developed to overcome this resistance. This review compares clinical outcomes between covalent and non-covalent BTK inhibitors in CLL/SLL. Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE identified studies within the last 10 years evaluating cBTKis and ncBTKis in CLL/SLL. Eligible studies reported efficacy outcomes, including complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD). Quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.Results: Four studies involving 137 patients met inclusion criteria. Among ncBTKis, pirtobrutinib showed 70% PR and 11% SD, while nemtabrutinib showed 25% PR without CR. Covalent BTKi combinations achieved higher CR rates: ibrutinib + venetoclax (CR 55%, PR 45%) and acalabrutinib + obinutuzumab (CR 50%). PD rates were inconsistently reported.Conclusion: Covalent BTKi-based combinations produced deeper responses than ncBTKi monotherapy, likely due to synergistic mechanisms and earlier treatment lines. Non-covalent BTKis remain valuable for patients with cBTKi resistance but achieve limited CRs when used alone. Future trials combining ncBTKis with BCL-2 inhibitors or anti-CD20 antibodies may enhance remission depth and durability in refractory CLL/SLL.

Characterization of the Performance of the Enerflow Cyclone Burn Grate (ECBG) for the Treatment of Hazardous Waste at an Isolated Diesel Power Plant

Yunita Fahmi, Rizkianti Marselina, Matthew Savio Kurniawan — Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

As the world’s largest archipelagic nation, Indonesia faces significant challenges in managing hazardous and toxic waste (B3) generated by diesel power plants (PLTD) in isolated areas. The Portable Turbo Burn Incinerator RC80 manufactured by Scholer Industries Australia, which was modified by PT Enerflow Engineering Indonesia into the Enerflow Cyclone Burn Grate (ECBG), also known as the Mini Turbo Incinerator (MTI), incorporates several technical modifications, including a 14-meter chimney, wet scrubber integration, a two-stage combustion chamber, and industrial design rights protection to comply with Indonesian regulatory requirements. This study aims to comprehensively characterize the combustion efficiency and operational performance of ECBG at various feed rates using liquid and solid B3 waste through field testing at the Pongok Island PLTD. Field tests were conducted under three experimental scenarios with varying total waste masses (36.5 kg, 40.0 kg, and 44.0 kg) and combustion durations ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 hours. The evaluated performance parameters included combustion temperature, burn rate, waste destruction efficiency, and emission characteristics. The results demonstrate that ECBG achieved an average waste destruction efficiency of 95.2%, with a maximum volume reduction of 98% under optimal operating conditions. The combustion rate ranged from 18.25 to 44.00 kg/hour, depending on waste composition and operational parameters. The integrated wet scrubber system effectively controlled exhaust gas emissions and complied with BAPEDAL quality standards. This research provides the first comprehensive performance characterization of a locally modified thermal treatment technology with wet scrubber integration and intellectual property protection for B3 waste processing in isolated power plant environments.

Evaluation of the Urgency of Unrealized Infrastructure Development in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone Using Structural Equation Model (SEM) Analysis

Johan Jasmadi, Jauhar Fajrin, Made Mahendra — Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The development of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) faces challenges related to infrastructure that has not been fully realized, which may affect the effectiveness of the area. Adequate infrastructure is essential to support the competitiveness and sustainability of the Mandalika SEZ as a leading tourism destination. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the urgency of infrastructure development, analyze the relationships among variables, and determine the infrastructure priorities that need to be addressed immediately. This study uses an explanatory quantitative approach through stakeholder surveys and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis. The exogenous variables include infrastructure-related factors, while the endogenous variables include socioeconomic benefits, sustainability, community welfare, and tourism attractiveness. The results of the analysis show that the priorities for infrastructure development are as follows: 1) regional supporting infrastructure, 2) electricity facilities, 3) SWTP, 4) infrastructure for surrounding communities, 5) clean water and irrigation systems, and 6) WWTP. Regional supporting infrastructure has the greatest influence on socioeconomic benefits and destination attractiveness. Infrastructure development in the Mandalika SEZ needs to prioritize a value-creating infrastructure approach to improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the region. These findings provide a scientific basis for more strategic and sustainable infrastructure development planning.

The Constitutionality of the Policy of Granting Limited Stay Visas as an Instrument to Increase Investment in Indonesia

Raden Nicky Fitria Jackhariyas, Hamdan Azhar Siregar — Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The problems that exist in Indonesia, which require the state to attract foreign investment, are also caused by other factors, particularly the benefits or profits received by the country. The form of research used in this thesis is normative juridical research, which refers to legal norms contained in laws and regulations. This study employs a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The data in this study were analyzed qualitatively, meaning that the research method refers to legal norms contained in statutory regulations. The results of this study indicate that the relationship between business law and immigration law in relation to foreign investment is regulated under Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. Philosophically, and in the spirit of globalization, the use of foreign workers in developing countries is intended to facilitate the transfer of knowledge and technology. This is in line with the continuity of business and investment in Indonesia. The issuance of Limited-Stay Visas for foreign investment, from the perspective of business law, constitutes a form of state sovereignty within a rule-of-law state, which has full authority to determine and regulate the limits for foreigners residing in a country. Restrictions on residence permits are intended to protect national interests in social, cultural, economic, employment, security, and public order aspects.

The Effect of Education and Supplementary Food Based on Local Food on the Level of Knowledge, Energy and Protein Sufficiency Levels, and Improvemenin Nutritional Status Among Children with Malnutrition at the Bairo Pite Clinic, Lanud-Dili, East Timor

Yustina Kore Fouk, Ali Rosidi, Ari Istiany — Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to formulate competitive strategies for Permata Hotel Bogor as a local business hotel in response to increasing competition and ongoing digital transformation in the hospitality industry. The research adopts a mixed-method approach with a sequential exploratory design, combining qualitative insights, customer perceptions derived from online reviews, and quantitative strategic analysis. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), observations, and documentation. In addition, customer reviews were analyzed using R Studio through text mining and sentiment analysis to identify key issues, sentiment intensity, and their impact on customer satisfaction. The identified factors were then evaluated using Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) and External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS) matrices, followed by a SWOT analysis, and prioritized using the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). The findings indicate that strengthening digital marketing and optimizing Online Travel Agent (OTA) channels represent the highest-priority strategy (TAS = 3.07), followed by market diversification (TAS = 2.87) and facility modernization (TAS = 2.68). Overall, this study highlights the importance of adopting a data-driven strategic approach to enhance competitiveness and sustainability in the hospitality industry.

The Effectiveness of Augmented Reality-Based Sispen Media in Improving the Understanding of The Digestive System Concept of Elementary School Students

Silvyra Rismawati, Devi Afriyuni Yonanda, Aji Septiaji — Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of SISPEN (Digestive System) learning media based on Augmented Reality (AR) in improving elementary school students’ conceptual understanding of the human digestive system. The increasing demand for innovative digital learning media in the 21st century, particularly for abstract science topics, underscores the urgency of developing interactive and immersive learning tools. This research employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest design. A total of 24 fifth-grade students aged 10–11 years from SDN Majalengka Wetan VII participated in this study and were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through conceptual understanding tests (pretest and posttest), student motivation questionnaires, and classroom observation sheets. The results showed a significant increase in students’ average scores from 52.33 (pretest) to 77.62 (posttest). The N-gain value of 0.54 indicated a moderate level of effectiveness, with 63% of students categorized in the moderate gain category and 21% in the high gain category. The paired-sample t-test confirmed a statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (t = 38.77, p < 0.05). In addition, students demonstrated a very positive response toward the AR-based media, with an average motivation score of 3.49 (very good category). These findings suggest that SISPEN AR-based learning media effectively enhances both cognitive understanding and learning motivation among elementary school students. This study contributes to the development of AR-based digital learning media aligned with constructivist pedagogy and the TPACK framework in Indonesian primary education contexts.

Combination of Low-Dose Methotrexate and Cyclosporine in a Patient with Generalized Pustular Psoriasis: A Case Report

Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare and life-threatening chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by sterile pustules and systemic inflammation, associated with substantial disease burden due to frequent flares. Limited guidelines and suboptimal treatment outcomes have led to various therapeutic approaches, including combination therapy. This case report aims to describe the use of low-dose methotrexate and cyclosporine combination in a GPP patient and evaluate the clinical response achieved. A 40-year-old woman presented with painful pustules distributed throughout the entire body accompanied by a burning sensation. She had undergone methotrexate therapy for 1 year before self-cessation due to insignificant improvement. Dermatological examination revealed generalized multiple pustules on an erythematous base, some confluent and covered by scales. Histopathological examination showed abundant neutrophils in the superficial epidermal layer along with focal neutrophils and mild spongiosis, supporting the diagnosis of GPP. The patient was given methotrexate 7.5 mg weekly and cyclosporine 100 mg daily for 5 weeks, showing significant clinical improvement, then maintained with methotrexate 7.5 mg weekly monotherapy. Combination therapy for GPP, particularly methotrexate and cyclosporine, has demonstrated faster and better clinical responses compared to monotherapy, with response rates of 70–90%. Cyclosporine provides rapid disease control, while methotrexate offers sustained immunomodulation. Both agents carry risks of adverse effects, necessitating careful dose selection and close monitoring. This case report demonstrates that low-dose methotrexate and cyclosporine combination is effective in managing refractory GPP with significant clinical improvement after 5 weeks of therapy, making it a promising therapeutic option for severe and refractory GPP cases.

The Impact of Decentralization on Public Service Provision

Carolina da Cruz, Marito Magno , Felicidade Xavier — Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to determine and explain the impact of decentralization on improving the quality of public services, particularly in terms of accessibility, responsiveness, and transparency. It also aimed to compare the impact of decentralization in Timor-Leste with that of other countries implementing decentralization in public service provision. This research employed a normative juridical approach. Data were collected through a literature review involving primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and relevant non-legal materials. The data were analyzed using descriptive-analytical legal research methods. The findings indicate that decentralization in Timor-Leste, by granting greater authority to local governments, has the potential to improve public service quality in several aspects, including accessibility, responsiveness, and transparency. By understanding local needs more effectively, local governments are expected to deliver more appropriate and efficient services. However, the success of decentralization in improving public services is also influenced by various factors, including resource availability, institutional capacity, the competence of public officials, and the effectiveness of oversight mechanisms. A comparison between Timor-Leste and Vietnam shows that, although both countries have implemented decentralization in public service provision, their outcomes differ due to distinct political, historical, and institutional contexts. Timor-Leste, with its post-independence state-building experience, faces challenges in implementing decentralization due to limited resources and relatively developing institutional capacity. In contrast, Vietnam has implemented decentralization within the framework of a centralized one-party political system, which influences the implementation of regional autonomy and its implications for public service delivery.

The Competencies Of Nurses And Midwives In Implementing The 10 LMKM In The Postpartum Inpatient Ward At “X” Hospital In South Tangerang City

Hikmah Kurniasari, Sumijatun Sumijatun, Nurmala Dewi Ria Lestari — Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (10 LMKM) places nurses and midwives as key actors in supporting the success of exclusive breastfeeding in hospitals, especially maternity care units that have not yet reached the 100% target. Competencies that include knowledge, clinical skills, and behavior of health workers are needed to support the sustainability of the 10 LMKM, but it is not yet known how the competencies of nurses and midwives in implementing the 10 LMKM in the postpartum inpatient room of “X” Hospital, South Tangerang City. Methods: This study is a qualitative study with a case study approach, using in-depth interviews with 3 managerial staff and 6 postpartum mothers, Focus Group Discussions with 3 nurses and 3 midwives, observation, and document review. Data analysis uses the Miles and Hubberman model with triangulation of sources and methods, processed thematically using NVivo software. Results: Adequate clinical knowledge and skills are technical in nature, reactive and unstructured educational practices, gaps between written policies and field practice, documentation of breastfeeding support care not yet a priority, and the need for independent information media and standardized educational materials. This situation has impacted breastfeeding education achievement, which has not yet reached 100%. Conclusions and recommendations: Nurses' and midwives' competencies are still technically oriented and require strengthening policy integration, proactive education, and monitoring systems to support the comprehensive implementation of the 10 LMKMs. This necessitates policy strengthening, ongoing training, systematic documentation, and monitoring.

The Influence of Cross-Generational Leadership Styles on the Performance of Generation Z Employees Through Employee Engagement, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Culture as Intervening Variables in the Coal Mining Industry at PT Khotai Makmur Insan Abadi Kutai Kartanegara

Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Employee performance refers to the level of success achieved by employees in completing their tasks, as reflected in the quality and quantity of work outcomes according to their roles, responsibilities, and organizational standards. This study aims to examine the effect of leadership styles on Generation Z employee performance, with employee engagement, job satisfaction, and organizational culture as intervening variables. The research employed a quantitative method with descriptive and verification approaches. The data sources consisted of primary and secondary data. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and observations from a population of 135 employees. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling method. The analytical tools used in this study were SPSS 25 for descriptive analysis and SmartPLS 4 for verification analysis. The measurement model (outer model) was evaluated using convergent validity, discriminant validity, Average Variance Extracted (AVE), composite reliability, and Cronbach’s alpha. The structural model (inner model) was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R²) and predictive relevance (Q²). The results showed that leadership styles had positive and significant effects on employee engagement, job satisfaction, and organizational culture. Employee engagement and job satisfaction significantly influenced employee performance, whereas leadership styles and organizational culture did not have a direct significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, organizational culture did not mediate the relationship between leadership styles and employee performance. In contrast, employee engagement and job satisfaction successfully mediated the effect of leadership styles on employee performance.

The Influence of Affiliate Marketing on Millennial Tourists’ Intention To Visit Bali with Brand Trust as A Mediating Variable

Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Digital marketing transformation has reshaped tourist decision-making, particularly among millennials who rely heavily on influencer-generated content. This study investigates the influence of affiliate marketing on millennials’ intention to visit Bali, with brand trust serving as a mediating variable. Adopting a quantitative approach, data were collected from 500 respondents who had never visited Bali but had been exposed to affiliate marketing content. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed for data analysis. The results indicate that affiliate marketing has a positive and significant direct effect on both brand trust and visit intention. Brand trust, in turn, significantly enhances visit intention and partially mediates the relationship between affiliate marketing and visit intention. The indirect effect through brand trust is stronger than the direct effect, underscoring the central role of trust in digital tourism marketing. These findings contribute to the digital marketing and tourism literature and offer actionable implications for destination managers seeking to design trust-oriented affiliate marketing strategies to attract millennial tourists to Bali.

Analysis Of Musculoskeletal Complaints Among Packing Workers In The Frozen Food Industry: Japanese Taiyaki Cakes

Thu, 02 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background:Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common occupational health problems caused by non-ergonomic postures and repetitive activities. Every year, more than 2.3 million workers die due to occupational accidents and diseases, including musculoskeletal complaints. Such conditions were also observed in a frozen Japanese Taiyaki cake industry in Indonesia, particularly among packing workers who stand for long periods and perform repetitive movements such as lifting, bending, and arranging products into packages. These activities are suspected to increase the risk of MSDs. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among packing workers in the frozen food industry. Method: A cross-sectional design was applied, involving 75 workers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a validated Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire along with respondent characteristics. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. Result: The results showed a prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints of 62.7%, with the most affected body parts being the lower back (40%), shoulders (26.7%), and neck (20%). The Chi-square analysis revealed that working duration of ≥ 8 hours per day (p = 0.001) and work period > 5 years (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with MSDs, while age and gender showed no significant relationship. Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of MSDs among packing workers in the frozen food industry was relatively high, with work duration and length of employment as the main contributing factors. Ergonomic interventions such as work schedule adjustment, task rotation, and active stretching programs are recommended to reduce musculoskeletal complaints.

Nerve Transfer Surgery: A Systematic Review of Current Practices, Outcomes, and Future Directions

Muhammad Hagi, Firdath Rubenzani, Fakhrul Hendra, Mulyadi Mulyadi — Mon, 27 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Peripheral nerve injuries remain a significant clinical challenge because they can result in permanent motor and sensory dysfunction, reduced independence, and impaired quality of life. Nerve transfer surgery has emerged as an advanced reconstructive approach that redirects functional donor nerves to damaged recipient nerves to restore neurological function. This study aimed to systematically review current practices, clinical outcomes, influencing factors, and future directions of nerve transfer surgery across various neurological conditions. A systematic review method was applied following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Relevant studies were identified from scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings indicated that nerve transfer surgery provided significant improvements in motor recovery, sensory restoration, and functional performance, particularly in patients with brachial plexus injuries, spinal cord injuries, facial paralysis, and complex peripheral nerve injuries. However, successful outcomes were strongly influenced by surgical timing, injury severity, donor nerve selection, surgeon expertise, and postoperative rehabilitation. The review also highlighted that objective functional improvements did not always correspond with patient-reported recovery, indicating the need for comprehensive outcome assessments. In conclusion, nerve transfer surgery represents a transformative advancement in peripheral nerve reconstruction; however, further large-scale clinical studies and innovative regenerative strategies are required to optimize long-term functional outcomes and expand its clinical applications.