Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies

Challenges of Integrating Green Skills in the Indonesian Vocational Training System

Eddy Sabarudin — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The transition toward a green economy necessitates a workforce equipped with green skills as a core competency to support industrial sustainability and competitiveness. However, the integration of green skills into the vocational training system in Indonesia continues to face various structural challenges and has yet to be managed in a systematic manner. This study aims to analyze the concept of green skills through the lens of the most recent literature, identify the challenges of their integration within vocational training institutions, and examine early practices of green skills implementation through a case study at the LPP Quantum Sampit Vocational Training Institute (Lembaga Pelatihan Profesi Quantum Sampit). The research employed an integrative literature review combined with an explanatory case study approach, utilizing policy document analysis, international reports, and graduate tracer data from LPP Quantum Sampit for the period 2022–2025. The findings reveal six principal challenges in the integration of green skills: limitations in the existing policy framework; a curriculum that is not yet oriented toward green principles; insufficient instructor competence; inadequate training facilities and equipment; increasingly complex industry demands; and the absence of established green skills certification standards. These findings serve as the basis for the formulation of conceptual recommendations in the form of a five-pillar green skills integration framework, proposed as a strategic effort to strengthen the vocational training system in supporting Indonesia's transition to a green economy.

The Impact of EWOM, Brand Image, and Content Marketing on Purchase Decision with Country of Origin as a Moderating Variable

Rosyifa Salsabila Auliya Sahili, Ma’mun Sarma, Mimin Aminah — Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The increasing need for clean water in industrial areas demands a reliable and sustainable water supply system. This study aims to determine the optimal strategy for meeting clean water supply through optimizing the operational and maintenance costs of the water utility network at WTPs in industrial areas. The strategies analyzed include O&M strategies, small CAPEX strategies through the implementation of Streaming Current Monitors (SCMs) and supporting instrumentation, and large CAPEX strategies in the form of WTP construction or expansion. The research method uses Present Value (PV) and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) based financial analysis with a 20-year analysis period and a discount rate of 8%, based on historical WTP operational data and investment estimates. Scenario and sensitivity analysis were conducted to strengthen decision making. The results showed that the O&M strategy is the most optimal strategy and is the main priority because it provides the highest cumulative cost savings without initial investment, with PV Saving OPEX and MEX of IDR 230.07–677.51 million, and IDR 495.26 million in the moderate scenario. Small CAPEX strategy produces a positive NPV Saving of IDR 51.48 million but is sensitive to initial investment and the level of chemical savings. Meanwhile, the large CAPEX strategy has a Total Life Cycle Cost of IDR 57,415.00 million and is more appropriate as a medium to long-term solution to increase capacity and supply reliability. This study recommends implementing the strategy in stages to maintain the sustainability of clean water services and the efficiency of industrial area operational costs.

Application of the Preparation of Closed-End Company Shareholders' Meeting Minutes Through Electronic Means by a Notary

Gusti Ramadhan, Thea Farina , Ariani Yestati , Mulida Hayati — Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Digital transformation in the Society 5.0 era encourages the use of information technology in various aspects of life, including in notarial practice and the holding of General Meetings of Shareholders (GMS). Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies through Article 77 has provided the legal basis for holding GMS through electronic media. However, detailed technical regulations are currently only available for Public Companies, thus creating a normative vacuum in the implementation of electronic GMS in Private Limited Companies, particularly regarding the preparation of deed releases by notaries. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the preparation of deed releases for Public Limited Companies GMS through electronic media by notaries and identify the normative, technical, and sociological obstacles that influence its implementation. This study uses an empirical juridical approach with participatory observation methods and semi-structured interviews with notaries in Palangka Raya City. The results show that the absence of technical regulations causes notaries to apply the principle of excessive caution, which has an impact on the stagnation of innovation in notarial practices. The main obstacles include the lack of implementing regulations, limited technological infrastructure, and low trust and understanding of business actors regarding the electronic GMS mechanism. This research emphasizes the need for regulatory updates that explicitly regulate the implementation of electronic GMS for closed PTs and standards for the preparation of deed releases by notaries to ensure legal certainty and the adaptation of notarial practices to developments in information technology.

Analysis of the Potential Cost of Damage Due to Liquefaction on Two-Story Residential Buildings in North Jakarta

Farhan Heryo Nugroho, Muhammad Zaki — Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study is motivated by the high seismic activity in Indonesia due to the interaction of three major tectonic plates, as well as the geological conditions of coastal areas such as North Jakarta, which are dominated by soft, water-saturated alluvial soils prone to liquefaction. This phenomenon can lead to severe structural damage and significant economic losses, particularly for two-story residential buildings. This research aims to analyze the liquefaction potential and estimate the economic losses caused by building damage in North Jakarta. The study employed a quantitative descriptive approach using Standard Penetration Test (N-SPT) data from 26 drilling points. Key geotechnical parameters, including Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR), Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR), Magnitude Scaling Factor (MSF), and Safety Factor (SF), were calculated. Earthquake acceleration (amax) was also analyzed using Donovan, McGuire, and Matuschka methods. The results indicate that liquefaction potential increases with earthquake magnitude, with critical conditions occurring at a magnitude of 5.5 Mw, where all points experience liquefaction in shallow layers. Cilincing and Ancol are identified as the most vulnerable areas due to low N-SPT values and shallow groundwater levels. The estimated total economic loss reaches IDR 4.734 trillion, with per capita losses ranging from IDR 3.4 million to IDR 6.3 million. In conclusion, North Jakarta faces high liquefaction risk with substantial economic impacts, highlighting the need for mitigation strategies in urban planning and structural design.

Gender Gap in Workforce Participation in West Nusa Tenggara Province

Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Gender participation gap in the workforce is influenced by various factors, including income, age, education, marital status, family size, culture, and social norms. In Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB), understanding these factors is crucial to addressing gender disparities in employment participation. Despite widespread acknowledgment of cultural and social norms affecting gender roles, their actual impact on workforce participation remains unclear. This study aims to analyze the impact of income, age, education, marital status, family size, culture, and social norms on the gender participation gap in the workforce in NTB. This explanatory research uses a survey sampling method, with 140 respondents. The data is analyzed using multiple linear regression to test and estimate the hypotheses. The hypothesis testing reveals that income significantly affects the gender participation gap in the workforce. However, age, education, marital status, family size, and the cultural and social norm control factors were not found to have a significant impact on the gap in NTB. Culture and social norms, although expected to influence gender roles and household work division, did not significantly contribute to the differences in work hours between men and women. The study concludes that while income plays a significant role in gender workforce participation in NTB, cultural and social norms are not as influential as anticipated. Further research may explore the deeper effects of these norms on gender roles and expectations in the workforce.

The Meaning of Resilience Among College Students Experiencing Academic Burnout: A Phenomenological Study in Makassar

Husniyah Aisyah Burhan — Mon, 25 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The phenomenon of academic burnout among university students has increased due to high academic demands and pressures within higher education environments. This research aims to explore and understand the meaning of resilience among students experiencing academic burnout in Makassar City. This study employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design to capture students’ subjective experiences. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation using triangulation techniques. The findings reveal that academic burnout is perceived as emotional exhaustion characterized by decreased motivation, cynicism, and psychological distress. The main contributing factors include excessive academic workload, time pressure, and high social expectations. Students’ adaptation processes occur through coping strategies, social support, and phases of falling, reflection, and recovery. The study concludes that resilience is a dynamic process involving the interaction of internal and external factors in developing the ability to survive and grow. These findings imply that universities need to develop targeted intervention programs, including resilience training, peer support systems, and accessible mental health services, while also encouraging educators to adopt more flexible and student-centered academic approaches to prevent and mitigate academic burnout.

Analysis of High School Students' Perceptions of Continuing Studies at State Universities

Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to analyze high school students' perceptions of continuing their studies at state universities based on internal and external factors. This research employed a survey approach involving Grade XII students from public and private high schools in Karawang Regency. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire with 40 statement items covering internal and external indicators, supported by interviews with selected respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive percentage analysis to determine the level of students' interest and the influencing factors. The results of the study indicate that both internal and external factors fall into the "very low" category, showing that students' interest in continuing to higher education is generally weak. Internal factors such as motivation, self-confidence, and career planning were found to be low, while external factors including family economic conditions, parental support, peer influence, and limited access to information significantly affect students' decisions. Interview findings also reveal that many students prefer to enter the workforce immediately after graduation to support their families financially, although some still aspire to pursue higher education in the future. In conclusion, students' low interest in continuing to higher education is influenced by a combination of internal and external factors, with economic conditions being the most dominant. Therefore, it is recommended that schools, the government, and relevant stakeholders strengthen guidance programs, provide access to scholarships, and raise awareness of the long-term benefits of higher education to encourage students to pursue further studies.

Optimization of Clean Water Supply Fulfillment Strategies at Water Treatment Plants in Industrial Areas

Sonia Oktariyanti, Parwadi Moengin — Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The growing demand for clean water in industrial areas requires a reliable and sustainable supply system. However, water treatment plants are operating near capacity due to tenant growth, while high energy consumption, chemical cost fluctuations, and reactive maintenance increase operational and maintenance costs. This study aims to identify optimal strategies for meeting clean water demand in industrial water treatment plant service areas by optimizing operational costs and maintaining utility networks, including operations and maintenance (O&M) improvements, small capital expenditure (CAPEX) through supply chain management (SCM) implementation, and large CAPEX such as water treatment plant expansion or new construction. The research employed financial analysis based on present value (PV) and life cycle costing (LCC) with an analysis period of 20 years and a discount rate of 8%, based on historical water treatment plant operational data and investment estimates. Scenario and sensitivity analyses were conducted to strengthen decision-making. The results show that the O&M strategy is the most optimal and highest-priority strategy, as it provides the highest cumulative cost savings without upfront investment, with PV savings on OPEX and MEX of Rp230.07–677.51 million and Rp495.26 million in the moderate scenario, respectively. The small CAPEX strategy yielded a positive net present value (NPV) saving of IDR 51.48 million but was sensitive to initial investment levels and the degree of chemical cost savings. Meanwhile, the large CAPEX strategy has a total life cycle cost of IDR 57,415.00 million and is more appropriate as a medium- to long-term solution for increasing supply capacity and reliability.

A Systematic Review of Continuance Intention to Use Mobile Health (2020–2024)

Subrata, Lisana — Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The rapid advancement of digital technologies in healthcare has led to the widespread adoption of mobile health (mHealth) applications, offering users convenient access to health services. However, despite increasing downloads, many users discontinue usage after initial adoption, highlighting the issue of low continuance intention. This paper aims to systematically review the empirical literature to identify the key factors influencing users’ continued use of mHealth applications. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using the PRISMA 2020 protocol and structured with the PICO framework. A total of 20 peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2024 were analyzed. The review identified that perceived usefulness, satisfaction, ease of use, and trust are the most frequently studied and influential factors. Several theoretical models, such as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), were also widely applied. Additionally, the findings suggest that contextual elements like age, digital literacy, and chronic health conditions significantly affect continuance intention, especially among the elderly and specific user groups. The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the multidimensional determinants of sustained mHealth usage and offer valuable insights for application developers, healthcare providers, and researchers to design more user-centered and effective digital health solutions.

The Relationship Between Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Duration and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Richard Raja Rampisela, Raden Suhartono, Aria Kekalih — Tue, 19 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2) is associated with several complications, including Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) has been recognized as an early marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, reflecting vascular changes in DMT2 patients. The relationship between disease duration and glycemic control with CIMT in PAD patients is still not fully understood, especially in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 40 DMT2 patients diagnosed with PAD. CIMT was measured using high-resolution Doppler ultrasound. Glycemic control was assessed based on HbA1c levels, with patients categorized based on a threshold of 7%. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. A significant relationship was found between DMT2 duration and glycemic control with CIMT thickness (p<0.05). Patients with a disease duration of more than 2 years have a higher chance of experiencing an increase in CIMT. Similarly, poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7%) is strongly associated with an increase in CIMT. Long-term DMT2 and poor glycemic control are major contributors to increased CIMT, reflecting a greater burden of atherosclerosis in PAD patients. Early intervention and optimal glycemic control are essential in preventing cardiovascular complications in this population

Pkpu in Indonesia and its Comparison with the United Arab Emirates (Difc Insolvency Law)

Ariel Alexander — Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Debt restructuring is a key legal instrument to prevent liquidation and support debtor recovery. Indonesia applies the PKPU mechanism, while the DIFC uses the Insolvency Law No. 1 of 2019, reflecting different legal approaches that require comparative analysis. This research aims to analyze and compare the debt restructuring mechanism in the PKPU system in Indonesia and the Insolvency Law of DIFC, as well as assess its effectiveness in providing legal protection for debtors and creditors. This study uses normative legal methods with a statutory approach and a comparative approach. Data were obtained through literature studies and analyzed descriptively-analytically and comparatively. The results show that PKPU in Indonesia focuses on a peace mechanism through the approval of the majority of creditors with a certain time limit, while the DIFC Insolvency Law provides greater flexibility through a modern restructuring scheme with an international principles-based approach. The DIFC also provides stronger protection for creditors through transparency and more structured court oversight. In general, both systems have the same goal of saving the debtor's business and providing legal certainty for creditors. However, the restructuring mechanism in the DIFC tends to be more adaptive to international business practices, while PKPU in Indonesia still has some limitations in terms of efficiency and legal protection. Regulatory reform in Indonesia is needed to increase competitiveness and legal certainty in debt settlement.

Agribusiness Model Based on Creating Shared Value in Optimizing Nonproductive Land in Plantation Areas

Kharisma Arta, A. C. Tridakusumah, Iwan Setiawan — Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research examines the economic and social impacts of the Plantation Community Empowerment Program (PMDK) and develops a Creating Shared Value (CSV)-based agribusiness model through the optimization of non-productive land in plantation areas. Although the application of CSV in agribusiness has increased, studies that explain the integrated mechanisms linking land optimization, community empowerment, and agribusiness systems remain limited. This research employed a qualitative case study approach at PTPN I Regional 2, Indonesia, involving 16 key informants from company management, field officers, local communities, and village government representatives. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation involving key stakeholders and analyzed using triangulation techniques. The findings reveal that the PMDK program increased land utilization by 60–70% and community income by 60–150%, with some cases reaching up to threefold growth. The program also improved access to agribusiness activities, reduced land conflicts, and strengthened social relations. However, constraints persist in capital access, human resource capacity, and market integration. This study proposes an integrative CSV-based agribusiness empowerment model that positions non-productive land as a strategic entry point for generating shared economic and social value. The findings contribute by offering a more comprehensive framework that links resource optimization, stakeholder collaboration, and agribusiness system integration in plantation-based rural development

The Effect of Depression Level on Quality of Life in the Elderly at Nursing Homes

Thu, 07 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

As individuals age, they experience a natural decline in physical and cognitive function, increasing their vulnerability to various health problems, including depression. This condition may lead to reduced cognitive ability, diminished physical functioning, social withdrawal, poor sleep quality, and an elevated risk of suicide. Depression is more prevalent among older adults residing in nursing homes compared to those living with their families, and has been shown to negatively affect nearly all dimensions of quality of life. In Islamic teachings, caring for the elderly is a moral and spiritual obligation that emphasizes respect, compassion, and the fulfillment of their rights. This study aims to analyze the effect of depression level on the quality of life of older adults living in nursing homes and to examine these findings from an Islamic perspective. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, involving 77 respondents selected through simple random sampling. Of these, 16 respondents experienced depression and 5 were identified as having poor quality of life. The chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.000, indicating a statistically significant association between depression level and quality of life. These findings highlight the impact of depression on the well-being of older adults and underscore the importance of providing humane, person-centered care aligned with religious values.

Development of French Language Promotional Content for Cilacap's Leading Tourist Destinations

Dendi Ridho Pramana Yulianto, Neli Purwani — Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to develop French-language promotional content to support the international tourism promotion of Cilacap’s leading tourist destinations. The research addresses the limited availability of foreign-language promotional materials, particularly in French, despite the growing interest of Francophone tourists in Indonesian destinations. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, involving data collection through observation, documentation, and interviews with local tourism stakeholders. The research process included destination analysis, selection of key tourism objects, linguistic adaptation, and content development in French, emphasizing cultural accuracy and persuasive communication. The findings show that well-structured and culturally adapted French promotional texts can enhance destination image, improve accessibility for Francophone tourists, and support local tourism branding strategies. The developed promotional content includes destination descriptions, attractions, facilities, and cultural highlights tailored to French language norms and tourism discourse. This study contributes to tourism communication studies and provides practical implications for local governments and tourism managers in developing multilingual promotional materials to increase international tourist engagement

Public Innovation Governance in Regional Data Integration: An Analysis of the Simata Policy in South Sumatra

Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Regional data integration is a crucial element in the digital transformation of bureaucracy, but its implementation is often faced with structural tensions between technical regulatory demands and strong sectoral egos. In South Sumatra Province, the One Data Information System (SIMATA) was initiated as a form of public innovation to break the information fragmentation impasse between Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPDs). This study aims to examine the implementation of SIMATA policies using the analytical framework of Public Innovation Governance. Through a qualitative method with a policy analysis approach, this study dissects strategic documents, regulatory instruments managed by the South Sumatra Provincial Diskominfo, and data governance practices at the regional level. The results of the analysis show that the effectiveness of SIMATA implementation is not solely determined by technological determination, but is highly dependent on the capacity of actor orchestration and administrative regularization. It was found that there is a contradiction between the formal data integration mandate and the institutional readiness of OPDs in the field. In this context, the Public Innovation Governance model serves as a bridging instrument capable of shifting passive bureaucratic compliance patterns into proactive network collaboration. This study concludes that the sustainability of SIMATA requires governance adaptation that goes beyond traditional hierarchical approaches, leading to a more adaptive innovation ecosystem. This study makes a theoretical contribution to the digital governance policy literature and offers practical recommendations for strengthening the One Data governance architecture at the local government level.

Integrating Tacit Knowledge into Employee Profiles to Improve Talent Review Accuracy: A Case Study of Oil and Gas Industry

Hari Prasetyo Tri Wicaksono, Achmad Nizar Hidayanto, Geri Yesa Ermawan — Tue, 26 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The success of an organization in managing human resources is significantly influenced by the accuracy of its talent review processes, including promotions, rotations, and employee placements. However, these processes often rely solely on explicit data, such as job history and administrative evaluations, which do not fully capture contextual competencies. Tacit knowledge—encompassing field experience, intuition, and problem-solving abilities—plays a crucial role in work effectiveness yet remains largely undocumented in a systematic manner. This study aims to design a system that integrates tacit knowledge into employee profiles using the STAR (Situation, Task, Action, Result) narrative framework to support decision-making in talent reviews. The research adopts a Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) approach, comprising problem identification, system design, prototype development, and evaluation. A case study was conducted within an operational unit of the oil and gas industry, with data collected through interviews and observations. The findings indicate that integrating STAR narratives into employee profiles enriches the available decision-making data and enhances the precision of talent placement and development. This study provides practical contributions for organizations seeking to build more contextual and knowledge-based human resource management systems, offering a structured approach to capturing tacit knowledge and improving strategic HR decisions.

The Effect of the Combination of Tempeh Flour and Kepok Banana Peel Flour (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) on the Chemical and Organoleptic Quality of Butter Cookies

Nadya Allen Liefena, Bambang Sigit Sucahyo, Fadjar Kurnia Hartati — Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Butter cookies are one of the most popular food products due to their crispy texture and distinctive flavor. Tempeh flour, as a source of plant-based protein, and kepok banana peel flour (Musa paradisiaca Linn.), as a source of dietary fiber, have significant potential to be utilized as functional ingredients in cookie product development. This study aimed to determine the effect of combining tempeh flour and kepok banana peel flour on the chemical and organoleptic quality of butter cookies. This research employed a laboratory experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor, namely variations in flour combination concentrations: T1P1 (90% : 10%), T2P2 (80% : 20%), T3P3 (70% : 30%), and T4P4 (50% : 50%), each with three replications. The observed variables included chemical quality (moisture content, ash content, protein content, and fiber content) and organoleptic quality (color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptability) of butter cookies. Parametric data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the assistance of Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software, while non-parametric data were analyzed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Based on the effectiveness test using the De Garmo method, treatment T2P2 was selected as the best treatment with a total score of 0.626, producing the most optimal physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics.

Keycloak-Based Single Sign-On Implementation with QR Code Authentication Using OIDC PKCE

Arvin Demas Naryama, Budi Suyanto — Mon, 25 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Regional government digital services face critical challenges in centralized identity management, including authentication inefficiency across multiple devices, lack of institutionally branded interfaces, and the absence of a self-service account management dashboard for civil servants. This study develops PemdaSSO, a Keycloak-based Single Sign-On system, by integrating a password less QR Code authentication feature via a custom Service Provider Interface extension, combined with the OpenID Connect Authorization Code Flow protocol secured with Proof Key for Code Exchange on a React JS Single Page Application dashboard, deployed at the Department of Communication and Information Technology of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Methods: The system employs a three-tier architecture deployed via Docker Compose, comprising Keycloak as the Identity Provider, React JS as the Single Page Application frontend, Node.js as the backend API, PostgreSQL as the database, and MinIO as object storage. Black Box Testing was conducted on 59 test scenarios across 11 functional categories in accordance with ISO/IEC 25010 functional suitability criteria. The testing yielded a 100% pass rate. The implemented single-use token mechanism with a 30-second expiration directly mitigates the Reusable QrId and Unbound SessionId vulnerabilities identified in prior literature, while Proof Key for Code Exchange protects the Single Page Application from authorization code interception attacks. Compared to national-scale e-government Single Sign-On implementations relying on physical X.509 certificates, this approach is lighter, hardware-independent, and better suited to the mobility requirements of regional government personnel, thereby addressing a gap in the literature on modern Single Sign-On security implementation at the local government level.

Character Analysis and Service Strategy for Sleeper Bus Consumers on the Malang – Jakarta Route Based on User Perspective

Abiyyu Rahmad Oktantiyo, Hanie Teki Tjendani, Sajiyo — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Sleeper bus services are becoming increasingly inseparable from the long-distance travel experience in Indonesia, especially on the Malang-Jakarta route. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of sleeper bus consumers as well as service strategies that can be applied to meet user expectations. With a survey and interview approach, data is collected from passengers with different demographic backgrounds. The results of the analysis show that the majority of users are private employees with an income above IDR 5,000,000 per month, who use this service for vacations, family visits, and business trips. While sleeper buses offer convenience, there are a number of gaps in terms of cleanliness, punctuality, and responsiveness of service. The study recommends several improvement strategies, including improved cleanliness of facilities, better time management, and interpersonal skills training for bus crews. By implementing this strategy, bus companies are expected to improve customer satisfaction and strengthen their position in the transportation market.

Analysis of Leadership Style, Workload, and Work Culture on Company Performance, With Work-Life Harmony as a Moderator. A Case Study of PT PLN UP3 Banyuwangi

Nur Rella Catur Trisno Wahyudi, Sri Gunani Partiwi — Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Organizations need to adapt proactively in the face of technological disruption and global uncertainty to sustain organizational performance. Human resource management has therefore become a key strategy, not only to achieve performance targets but also to maintain employee well-being and harmony between work and personal life. This study aims to examine the determinants of company performance by analyzing leadership style, workload, and work culture, with work-life harmony as a moderating variable, while also formulating evidence-based recommendations for human resource management policies. The study was conducted at PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Banyuwangi, which is characterized by a multigenerational workforce and high-performance targets. A quantitative approach was applied using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method through SmartPLS software. Data were collected from 84 employees using a digitally distributed Likert-scale questionnaire. The results indicate that leadership style, workload, and work culture do not have a significant direct effect on company performance. In contrast, work-life harmony has a positive and significant effect on performance (β = 0.825; p < 0.001). Furthermore, work-life harmony significantly moderates the relationship between leadership style and company performance (β = 0.233; p = 0.002), as well as the relationship between work culture and performance in a negative direction (β = −0.184; p = 0.021), while it does not significantly moderate the relationship between workload and performance.

The Use of Earphones and the Occurrence of Tinnitus Among Students of the Medical Education Program, Faculty of Medicine, YARSI University, 2023 Cohort, and its Review from an Islamic Perspective

Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Long-duration and high-volume use of earphones can lead to chronic noise exposure that has the potential to cause hearing loss, including tinnitus. Tinnitus is the perception of sound without external stimuli and can have an impact on the quality of life of the sufferer. This study aims to find out the description of the use of earphones on the occurrence of tinnitus in students of the Medical Education Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, YARSI University Class of 2023 and its review according to an Islamic perspective. This study is a quantitative descriptive research with a cross-sectional design. The research sample amounted to 100 respondents who were included in the inclusion criteria. Data was collected through an earphone usage pattern questionnaire as well as a Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire to assess the level of tinnitus complaints. Data analysis was carried out in a univariate descriptive manner using frequency and percentage distributions. The majority of respondents use earphones regularly with varying durations and frequency of use. An assessment using the THI questionnaire showed that as many as 21% of respondents experienced tinnitus complaints, with the highest severity in the mild category. The use of earphones is a common habit among respondents and some of them experience complaints of tinnitus with mild degrees. Earphone usage patterns that do not meet safe limits have the potential to increase the risk of tinnitus.

Spheroidization and Its Effect on the Decrease in Mechanical Strength of Steel SA210 Gr. A1

Titis Aditya, Winarto — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

SA210 Gr. A1 is an important material used in piping systems and boiler components due to its high mechanical strength and resistance to high temperatures. However, long-term exposure to high temperatures can cause microstructural degradation through the spheroidization process, which results in a decrease in mechanical properties. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the spheroidization process on the mechanical strength and microstructure of SA210 steel Gr. A1. The methods used include spheroidization heat treatment at 660°C with time variations of 3, 10, and 100 hours, followed by Vickers hardness testing and tensile testing per ISO 6892-1. After 100 hours of spheroidization, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) decreased from ~51.5 to ~43.9 kgf/mm² (15% reduction), yield strength (YS) decreased from ~44.7 to ~28.4 kgf/mm² (36% reduction), and Vickers hardness decreased from ~169 to ~141 VHN (17% reduction). Elongation increased from 28% to 47% (68% increase), indicating significantly improved ductility at the cost of strength. Results show that spheroidization contributes to a decrease in tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS), but increases the ductility (elongation) value and decreases the hardness of the material. This transformation makes the material more ductile, but at the cost of reduced mechanical durability.

The Effect of Bajakah Wood Extract on Collagenase Activity of Glycated Proteins in Rats and its Review from an Islamic Perspective

Thu, 07 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Skin aging is a biological process that is influenced by oxidative stress and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that can increase the activity of the collagenase enzyme so that it causes collagen degradation. Red logan wood (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) is known to have antioxidant content that has the potential to inhibit this process. This study aimed to determine the effect of administration of ethanol extract of red logs on collagenase activity in male white rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain induced by D-galactose. This study is a laboratory experimental research with a post-test only control group design. A total of 36 rats were divided into six groups, namely the blank group, negative control, positive control, and three treatment groups given red bajakah wood ethanol extract with doses of 25 mg/kgBB, 50 mg/kgBB, and 100 mg/kgBB. Induction of aging was carried out using D-galactose, then serum collagenase activity was measured using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test followed by an LSD test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that the administration of ethanol extract of red logs was able to significantly reduce collagenase activity compared to the negative control group (p < 0.05). Doses of 100 mg/kgBB showed the greatest decreasing effect and were close to positive control groups. This suggests that red logwood extract has the potential to be a natural anti-aging agent through a mechanism of inhibition of collagen activity.

The Role of Content Creators in the Profitability of Stores in Palu City

Alfiandi Patabang — Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The digital era has transformed business operations, yet many MSMEs in mid-sized Indonesian cities struggle to leverage digital marketing effectively due to limited knowledge and resources. Content creator services have emerged as a potential solution, but empirical evidence on their financial impact remains scarce. This study analyzed the role of digital content creator services in improving MSME profitability in Palu City, Central Sulawesi. A qualitative case study approach was employed, using semi-structured in-depth interviews with five shop owners (cake shops, building materials stores, mobile phone shops) who had used content creator services for at least six months. Three main themes emerged: (1) Positive ROI all respondents achieved positive returns averaging 135%, with payback periods of less than one month; (2) Marketing cost control monthly marketing costs decreased by 22.2% (from IDR 1,850,000 to IDR 1,440,000) as traditional advertising was eliminated; (3) Operational efficiency promotional time reduced by over 70%, new customer acquisition increased by 180%. The combined effect produced an average net profit margin improvement of 6.3 percentage points (from 12.4% to 18.7%). Content creator services function as a high-yield, low-barrier digital transformation tool for MSMEs. Local governments should expand digital literacy programs, and content creators should offer performance-based pricing to reduce initial financial barriers for cost-sensitive MSMEs

The Relationship Between Pornography Addiction and Cognitive Function in Young Adults in Banten

Aldo Valentino Thomas, Kevin Sulay Wijaya — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Physical and psycological changes that appear in teenager, and misused sexual information may lead to pornography contents usage, may cause addiction and compulsive behavior. There are 1809 pornography cases according to Survei Komnas Perlindungan Anak Indonesia from 2011 until 2016. Pornography interrupt working memory and attention, lead to cognitive disturbances. In Indonesia, there’re just a few of research study this topic. Research subjects also are just middle school students. So, researcher want to study it at young adult age. To understand the relationship between pornography addiction and cognitive at young adult in Banten On July to August 2018, this cross-sectional study was done, with 61 young adults in Banten. Data are gathered from online questionnaire. Excel 2010 and SPSS24 used for tabulation and data analysis, respectively.Significant results were obtained from relationship between pornography addiction and cognitive problem (p-value = 0.000; odds ratio [OR] 26.722; 95% confidence interval [CI95] 5.094 – 140.171). Gender significantly related with pornography addiction (p-value = 0.000; odds ratio [OR] 32.47; 95% confidence interval [CI95] 3.991 – 26.183), all samples with pornography addiction are men, men with pornography addiction (58%). Age don’t significantly related with pornography addiction (p-value: 0.158; odds ratio [OR] 0.313; 95% confidence interval [CI95] 0.034 – 2.853). Pornography duration don’t significantly related with pornography addiction (p-value: 0.293 [OR] 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI95] 0.32 – 44.51), samples with excessive pornography duration more often have pornography addiction (67%) than samples with non excessive pornography duration (34%). Pornography addiction significantly related with cognitive impairment.

Analysis of the Impact of the Mining Sector on Regional Competitiveness in West Nusa Tenggara Province

Maulana Okta Saputra, Aryo Prawoto Wibowo, Fadhila Achmadi Rosyid — Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The existence of mineral and coal resources in an area is often considered an advantage that can increase the competitiveness of the area. However, regions with large mining sector GDP do not always show high economic growth. For example, West Sumbawa Regency, which has a significant mining sector, only recorded an average economic growth rate of 3.19% between 2010 and 2023, placing it in the second lowest position in West Nusa Tenggara Province (NTB). This research aims to analyze the economic structure and sector shifts in each district in NTB using Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share analysis, as well as to form a Regional Competitiveness Index model with a Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) approach. The results of the study show that the majority of districts in NTB have a base sector in the agricultural sector, except for West Lombok Regency in the transportation sector and West Sumbawa Regency in the mining sector. Sector shifts show different potentials, but the mining sector in areas that have not been massively exploited still has opportunities to be developed. The Regional Competitiveness Index model shows that the influence of the mining sector on competitiveness is not significant between regions with high and low mining sectors. In conclusion, excessive dependence on the mining sector can hinder economic growth and reduce regional competitiveness. It is important to maintain a balance between the development of the mining sector and other more sustainable sectors for stable and diversified economic growth.

The Factors Contributing to Neonatal Sepsis at Yarsi Hospital and its Review From an Islamic Perspectiv

Lisda Suhani — Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Neonatal sepsis remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns and is influenced by various maternal, neonatal, and medical care–related factors. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis at YARSI Hospital and to analyze these factors from an Islamic perspective. This research employed an observational analytic design with a quantitative retrospective approach. Data were collected from secondary sources in the form of medical records of neonates diagnosed with neonatal sepsis who were treated at YARSI Hospital during the period of January 2022 to December 2024. The study population consisted of all neonatal sepsis patients during the study period, with samples selected using a total sampling method based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was conducted using univariate analysis to describe the distribution of variables and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test to examine the relationship between risk factors and the incidence of neonatal sepsis. The results showed that maternal factors, neonatal conditions at birth, and medical and environmental factors played an important role in the occurrence of neonatal sepsis. Early and appropriate management of neonatal sepsis is essential to reduce mortality, prevent complications, and improve neonatal outcomes. From an Islamic perspective, preventive and therapeutic efforts in neonatal sepsis align with the principles of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, particularly the protection of life (ḥifẓ al-nafs), lineage (ḥifẓ al-nasl), and wealth (ḥifẓ al-māl).

Economic Feasibility Study of the Multi-Utility Tunnel (MUT) Project in the New Capital City of Nusantara (IKN) During the Budget Efficiency Period

Fauzan Kurnianto, Bambang Endro Yuwono — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The development of Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) has faced considerable uncertainty following the implementation of government budget efficiency policies in 2025, which may affect the feasibility of key infrastructure, including the Multi-Utility Tunnel (MUT). This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of MUT development under budget efficiency conditions by analyzing its economic, social, and environmental dimensions to support informed decision-making by relevant stakeholders. The Life Cycle Cost (LCC) method is applied using structural design data and applicable regulations, while project implementation is assessed through scenario-based simulation and forecasting. Economic feasibility is analyzed using Net Present Value (NPV) and sensitivity analysis, whereas social and environmental impacts are evaluated through systematic observation. The analysis identifies three possible development scenarios: optimistic, moderate, and pessimistic. The moderate scenario exhibits the highest initial and operational costs when cash inflows are excluded. To achieve economic feasibility at an NPV of zero, the pessimistic scenario requires the highest total cash inflow, amounting to IDR 1.074 trillion during the operational phase. Among the three variables analyzed, initial cost is the most sensitive parameter, recording the highest sensitivity value of 24.34 under both the pessimistic and moderate scenarios. In contrast, the discount rate is the least sensitive variable, with a sensitivity value of −9.00 across all scenarios. In terms of social impact, budget efficiency may affect public trust in the project, while environmentally, it may reduce immediate adverse impacts but risk prolonging long-term environmental effects.

Influence of Logistics Service Quality, Delivery Reliability, and Price on Customer Satisfaction with Customer Service as Mediator and Logistic Service Recovery as Moderator in Freight Forwarding Industry

Iksan Ade Kurniawan, Melia Eka Lestiani, Maniah Maniah — Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The growing competition in the logistics industry, particularly in freight forwarding, requires companies to deliver superior services that meet customer needs and expectations. This research aims to assess the conditions of Logistics Service Quality, Delivery Reliability, Price, Customer Service, Logistic Service Recovery, and Customer Satisfaction at PT Silkargo; analyze the effects of Logistics Service Quality, Delivery Reliability, and Price on Customer Satisfaction; examine the mediating role of Customer Service; and evaluate the moderating role of Logistic Service Recovery in the proposed research model. A quantitative explanatory design was applied using purposive sampling to collect responses from PT Silkargo customers. Data were obtained through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test direct, mediating, and moderating relationships among variables. The results show that Logistics Service Quality, Delivery Reliability, and Price significantly influence Customer Satisfaction, while Customer Service significantly mediates the relationships between those antecedents and Customer Satisfaction. Logistic Service Recovery significantly moderates the relationships between Logistics Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction, as well as between Price and Customer Satisfaction, but does not significantly moderate the relationship between Delivery Reliability and Customer Satisfaction. These findings indicate that, in the context of B2B lubricant distribution, customer satisfaction is threshold-based, where reliability and service quality function as necessary conditions rather than sources of competitive advantage.

The Influence of Digital Service Innovation, Human Resource Quality, and the Effectiveness of Health Promotion on Community Satisfaction and Participation at Babatan Community Health Center

Muhammad Rifky, Bernard T. Widjaja — Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the influence of digital service innovation, the quality of human resources, and the effectiveness of health promotion on community satisfaction and participation in health programs at the Batanan Health Center. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method on people who are users of Batanan Health Center services. Data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) to test the relationships between variables. The results of the study are expected to provide an empirical picture of the extent to which digital service innovation, health worker competence, and the effectiveness of health promotion are able to increase satisfaction and encourage community participation in health programs. The findings of this study are expected to be a consideration for Puskesmas managers and the government in improving the quality of technology-based health services, strengthening human resources, and optimizing health promotion to achieve more effective and sustainable public health services.

An Analysis of the Effects of Competence, Internal Locus of Control, and Work Culture on Employee Organizational Commitment: A Case Study at Kraton Regional General Hospital, Pekalongan Regency

Elsandra Novita Halim, Vip Paramarta, Etty Sofia Mariati Asnar — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the effects of employee competence, internal locus of control, and work culture on organizational commitment at Kraton Regional General Hospital (Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah/RSUD Kraton), Pekalongan Regency, both partially and simultaneously. A quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis was employed. The study population comprised 232 employees of RSUD Kraton. Data were analyzed to measure the effect of each independent variable on organizational commitment. Internal locus of control was found to exert the most dominant influence on organizational commitment, with a regression coefficient (B) = 0.346, t = 11.097, p = 0.000. Employee competence also had a significant effect, with B = 0.245, t = 6.888, p = 0.000. Work culture, however, did not demonstrate a statistically significant effect, with B = 0.010, t = 0.246, p = 0.807 (p > 0.05). Simultaneously, the three variables jointly and significantly influenced organizational commitment. Among the predictors, internal locus of control emerged as the most dominant factor, followed by employee competence, both of which significantly affected organizational commitment. Competence was found to support the enhancement of employee engagement, whereas work culture, although positively directed, did not yield a statistically significant effect. These findings suggest that strengthening internal locus of control and developing employee competence are more effective strategies for enhancing organizational commitment at RSUD Kraton than improving work culture alone.

Management of the Deep Learning Approach to Developing the Character of Elementary School Students

Emilya Nurihayati, Hanafiah — Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to describe and analyze the management of deep learning approach to develop the character of elementary school students. The focus of this study is on the plan, do, check and act of learning that integrates deep learning with meaningful projects as the main strategy. The study was conducted qualitatively with a case study approach in two public elementary schools in Cianjur Regency, namely SDN Sayang 4 Cianjur Subdistrict and SDN Cinawala Cikalongkulon Subdistrict. Data collection was carried out through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation study. The results of the study indicate that learning management with a deep learning approach can increase active student participation, encourage reflective thinking, and strengthen character values such as responsibility, mutual cooperation, and integrity. The main supporting factors for successful implementation are the leadership of the principal, teacher collaboration, and parental involvement. The challenges faced include limited time, resources, and teacher readiness in designing projects that are appropriate to the local context. The conclusion of this study is that the application of learning management with a deep learning approach can be an effective strategy in building the character of elementary school students contextually and sustainably. Recommendations are given to schools and policy makers to strengthen teacher training and curriculum development that supports this approach.

Optimization Of Portable Floating Net Cages Based On Internet Of Things And Robot Operating System For Smart Navigation And Water Quality Monitoring

Tatagh Herawan Santoso, Wifaqul Azmi Alkhoida, Endy Allen, Herwin Suprijono — Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

A portable floating net cage system is developed in this project to support aquaculture monitoring by integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) with the Robot Operating System (ROS 2). The system is designed to measure water quality parameters while autonomously navigating within the aquaculture area. To perform environmental monitoring, the device utilizes several sensors, including a pH sensor, a DS18B20 temperature sensor, and a turbidity sensor. These sensors are connected to an ESP32 microcontroller that processes the collected data and transmits it using the MQTT communication protocol. The navigation capability of the system is managed by a Pixhawk flight controller integrated with a GPS module, enabling automatic movement across designated locations. System control and monitoring are carried out through Mission Planner and QGroundControl. For power supply, the device relies on a renewable energy system consisting of a 20 Wp solar panel, a Solar Charge Controller (SCC), and a 12V 7.5Ah Li-ion battery, allowing the platform to operate independently in open-water environments. System evaluation is conducted by testing sensor accuracy using standard calibration solutions, followed by the implementation of a Kalman Filter to enhance the stability and reliability of the measurement data. The automatic navigation testing is conducted based on GPS coordinates to assess the accuracy of the device’s movement in the field. The results show that the sensor accuracy reaches 98.2%, with pH error ranging from 0.2% to 5%, DS18B20 temperature sensor error ranging from 0.25% to 0.50%, and turbidity error ranging from 2% to 3.5%.

The Impact of Internal Control and Management Control Systems on Financial Performance, with Operational Efficiency as a Mediating Variable: A Systematic Literature Review

Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) examining the influence of internal control and management control system (MCS) on financial performance, with operational efficiency as a mediating variable. The review synthesizes 50 empirical articles published between 2020 and 2026, collected from SINTA, Emerald, Elsevier (ScienceDirect), MDPI, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, and Google Scholar using defined inclusion–exclusion criteria. The findings indicate a growth trend in publications, with a peak in 2023, and reveal that most studies employ quantitative approaches grounded primarily in Agency Theory and Contingency Theory. Empirical evidence shows that internal control and MCS are the most frequently examined determinants of financial performance, while operational efficiency increasingly serves as a mediating mechanism linking control systems to profitability outcomes. Financial performance is predominantly measured using accounting-based indicators such as ROA and ROE. The synthesis highlights empirical inconsistencies and identifies gaps, particularly the limited integration of mediation models, cross-country analysis, and robust analytical methods. This review provides a structured overview of research trends and future research directions in management, control and financial performance literature.

Business Development Strategy for Mechanical Electrical Plumbing Contractor at PT Vastorindo Djaya Semesta

Aditya Eko Purnomo, Raden Dikky Indrawan, Suhendi — Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) construction industry faces external pressures in the form of tightening infrastructure budgets, price-based tender competition, and the accelerated adoption of digitalisation such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), which demands an increase in contractors' internal capabilities. This study aims to formulate a business transformation strategy for PT Vastorindo Djaya Semesta (PT VDS) as a MEP contractor through a comprehensive analysis of the external-internal environment and an industry foresight approach. The research uses primary data (observations, in-depth interviews, and internal-external expert questionnaires) and secondary data (literature studies). The analysis was conducted through industry foresight, PESTEL and Porter's Five Forces for the external environment, value chain analysis and VRIO for the internal environment, followed by the preparation of IFE–EFE, IE Matrix, and SWOT/TOWS matrices to produce alternative strategies, and priority determination using AWOT (a combination of SWOT and AHP). The analysis results placed PT VDS in Cell V of the IE Matrix (hold and maintain), indicating the need to maintain core performance while selectively strengthening internal capabilities. This study provides priority strategy guidelines that PT VDS can use to strengthen its competitiveness and business sustainability through capability transformation and refinement of its service value proposition in the MEP construction market.

Estimating the Need for Infiltration Wells to Support Groundwater Conservation and Surface Runoff Control in Enggal Subdistrict

Ayudia Hardiyani Kiranaratri — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Urban areas frequently encounter environmental challenges such as the reduction of green open spaces, water shortages during the dry season, and water ponding during the rainy season. These problems are mainly caused by rapid urbanization and the expansion of impervious surfaces, which reduce natural infiltration capacity and increase surface runoff. As a result, groundwater recharge decreases while the potential for urban flooding becomes higher. Similar conditions are observed in Enggal District, located in the central area of Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia. Therefore, effective stormwater management strategies are required to mitigate surface runoff while improving groundwater conservation. This study aims to estimate the required number of infiltration wells needed to achieve zero run-off conditions in Enggal District. The study area covered approximately 2.80 km² and consists of six urban villages with a population of 24,611 in 2025 based on the Enggal District Report. Land-use analysis indicates that the area has a surface runoff coefficient of 0.55. Hydrological analysis was conducted using 20 years of rainfall data (2005–2024) to determine rainfall characteristics and runoff potential. The rainfall intensity analysis for a 10-year return period produced a peak discharge of 15.88 m³/s with a rainfall intensity of 37.23 mm/h. Several designs with 2 scenarios were developed by considering variations in infiltration well dimensions and land availability within the study area.

The Role of Co-Creation in Visual Strategies for Social Campaigns on Food Waste Issues on Instagram: A Case Study of Foodcycle Indonesia

Nabila Widjayanti Utomo, Riky Azharyandi Siswanto, Wirania Swasty — Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Food waste is a significant issue in Indonesia affecting social, economic, and environmental sectors, requiring active public participation to address it. Although social media is widely used by organizations to raise awareness, audience engagement remains relatively low. This research aims to analyze the factors influencing audience engagement in FoodCycle Indonesia’s Instagram campaigns and develop a visual campaign strategy based on a co-creation approach. This research uses a mixed method approach with quantitative data collection through questionnaires to 166 Instagram audience respondents, as well as qualitative data through semi-structured interviews, Instagram content observation, and a co-creation process involving 10 selected participants. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively, while qualitative data was analyzed using Miles and Huberman's interactive analysis model. The results show that even though the audience is interested in the issue of food waste and finds the FoodCycle Indonesia campaign message relatively clear, the level of audience interaction with the content is still moderate. Qualitative findings reveal a gap between the campaign's informative visual strategy and the audience's preference for more relevant, participatory, and contextual content. Through a co-creation approach, the audience is actively involved in the campaign's visual design process, resulting in content concepts that are more in line with the audience's needs and expectations. This study contributes by showing that the co-creation approach can be a relevant strategy in increasing audience engagement in social campaigns on social media, especially in the context of food waste issues in Indonesia.

Implementation of the 2023 Criminal Code (KUHP) and the 2025 Criminal Procedure Code (KUHP) in Criminal Justice Practices: An Analysis of Judicial Policy on Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 1 of 2026

Deddy Isniyanto — Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The enactment of the 2023 Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP 2023) and the 2025 Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP 2025) marks a fundamental paradigm shift in Indonesia’s criminal justice system. These reforms require a consistent application of law to prevent fragmented judicial practices and sentencing disparities. In this context, the Supreme Court issued Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 1 of 2026 as a guideline for the implementation of the new Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure Code. This article aims to analyze the position and function of Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 1 of 2026 as a form of judicial policy, as well as its implications for judicial independence and court governance. This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and judicial policy approaches. The findings indicate that Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 1 of 2026 constitutes a strategic and transitional judicial policy instrument to maintain the unity of criminal justice practices. Nevertheless, its implementation must be positioned proportionately as an interpretative guideline to prevent it from evolving into a form of quasi-legislation that may unduly restrict judicial discretion. Accordingly, future judicial policy of the Supreme Court should be strengthened through an adaptive, reflective, and continuously evaluated approach.

Litigation Against Clients and Audit Report Lag Effect: The Moderating Role of State Ownership and Audit Committees with Legal Expertise in Indonesia

Muhammad Jordan Bastomi, Herera Deviana Pratiwi — Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to examine the effect of litigation against clients on audit report lag (ARL) and analyze the role of state ownership and audit committees with legal expertise as moderating variables. This study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data sourced from the Directory of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia and audited financial reports of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The research population includes all companies listed on the IDX during the 2021–2023 period, with a final sample of 628 companies obtained through purposive sampling after the outlier elimination process. Hypothesis testing was conducted using Tobit regression, considering the variables of litigation delay, number of litigation claims, and monetary amount of litigation claims, as well as including the moderating variables of state ownership and audit committees with legal expertise. The results show that litigation delays and the monetary amount of litigation claims have a positive effect on audit report lag, while the number of litigation claims has no effect on audit report lag. Furthermore, the existence of an audit committee with legal expertise has been shown to weaken the effect of litigation delays on audit report lag, while state ownership does not weaken the effect of litigation delays on audit report lag. These findings provide empirical contributions to expanding the audit literature related to litigation risk and emphasize the importance of corporate governance mechanisms in mitigating audit reporting delays, particularly in Indonesian companies post-COVID-19 pandemic.

Marketing Strategy and the Role of Public Relations in the Fintech Lending User Acquisition Process: A Case Study of Bantusaku in Indonesia

Arnoldyth Rodes Medo, Kartika Singarimbun — Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The rapid growth of the financial technology (fintech) industry in Indonesia has led to the emergence of various lending platforms that provide easy access to financing. However, public trust dynamics, strict regulations, consumerist behaviors, and increasing competition require companies to implement integrated and ethical communication strategies. This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies and public relations (PR) roles in the user acquisition process of the BantuSaku fintech lending platform in Indonesia, as well as to identify the challenges encountered. Employing a qualitative approach with a constructivist paradigm, data were collected through in-depth interviews with BantuSaku internal teams, active users, and industry observers, supported by secondary data including company documents, OJK regulations, and digital content. Analysis was conducted using Miles & Huberman’s (2014) interactive model, covering data reduction, data display, and verification. Findings indicate that marketing strategies emphasizing financial education and transparency, combined with PR efforts focused on building a positive image and managing reputation, significantly contribute to user acquisition and retention. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these strategies is influenced by low financial literacy, competition with illegal lending services, and default risks. This study highlights the importance of integrating education-based and ethical marketing and PR strategies as a key factor for sustainable growth in fintech lending.

The Role of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style in Enhancing Employee Performance, with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable, at PT XYZ

Ayu Permata Sari — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The existence and sustainability of a business entity is fundamentally based on the quality of human resources which is the main driving force in every organizational activity. This study aims to determine the role of organizational culture and leadership style in improving employee performance, with job satisfaction as an intervening variable at PT XYZ. The research objective is the fashion footwear division of PT XYZ. Empirical data collection was conducted using a non-probability purposive sampling method with 300 respondents. Empirical data processing used SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) analysis techniques operated through the AMOS program. This study proposed seven (7) hypotheses, of which seven (7) were accepted. The findings of this study confirm that job satisfaction acts as a mediating bridge between organizational culture and leadership style in influencing staff performance. Statistically, both cultural factors and leadership have a significant impact on job satisfaction and employee output. Furthermore, the level of job satisfaction was found to contribute substantially and independently to the improvement of performance within the company.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Mannich Base Derivatives of Hexyl Ferulate as Antibacterial and Antioxidant Agents

Kadek Devi Arum Savitri, Hayun Hayun, Herman Suryadi — Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a critical global health issue, particularly in developing countries where bacterial infections remain prevalent and treatment options are increasingly limited. The rising resistance of pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli highlights the urgent need for new antibacterial agents with improved efficacy. In addition, oxidative stress contributes to cellular damage, making compounds with dual antioxidant and antibacterial properties highly valuable. This study aims to synthesize and evaluate Mannich base derivatives of hexyl ferulate as potential antibacterial and antioxidant agents. The research employed an experimental laboratory approach, including the synthesis of ferulic acid derivatives through esterification and Mannich reactions, followed by structural characterization using spectroscopic methods. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and FRAP assays, while antibacterial activity was evaluated through agar diffusion and dilution methods. The results showed that Mannich base derivatives exhibited significantly enhanced antioxidant activity, with lower IC₅₀ and EC₅₀ values compared to ferulic acid and hexyl ferulate. In antibacterial testing, the derivatives demonstrated stronger inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with certain compounds showing superior activity. These findings indicate that structural modification through Mannich substitution effectively improves biological activity. In conclusion, Mannich base derivatives of hexyl ferulate have strong potential as lead compounds for developing new antibacterial and antioxidant agents to address AMR challenges.

The Effect of Transformational Leadership and School Climate on Job Satisfaction of Non-ASN Teachers at Public Elementary Schools in the Education Office Sub-Department I of West Jakarta Administrative City

Rafi Taris Mafazi — Thu, 07 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The background of this study is to examine how transformational leadership and school climate influence teacher job satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the influence of transformational leadership and school climate variables on job satisfaction and analyze the influence of transformational leadership on school climate. The method in this study is a quantitative research type with an explanatory approach with data sources used in the form of numbers from survey results given to a number of samples. The results of this study are that there is a positive and significant influence between transformational leadership on job satisfaction, then there is a positive and significant influence between school climate on teacher job satisfaction, meaning that a mutually supportive school environment, and a principal who provides motivation can increase teacher job satisfaction. The results of descriptive analysis with a normality test on the transformational leadership variables of school principals using the one sample Kolmogorov Smirnov test, were obtained by Asymp.

Discounted Cash Flow Analysis and Real Options Valuation: A Case Study of Downstream Nickel Processing Investments in Indonesia

Nur Alim Kadir, Dzikri Firmansyah Hakam — Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research evaluates the feasibility of processing nickel ore and refining it into nickel sulfate, while also assessing the potential for expansion into the production of battery precursor materials. The objective of this research is to provide a more comprehensive investment assessment framework by combining DCF and ROV for nickel down streaming projects, so that the results not only evaluate basic feasibility but also highlight the strategic value of managerial flexibility in dealing with uncertainty. The analysis employed a Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) approach for the base scenario, followed by Real Option Valuation (ROV) to capture the option value of the expansion. The DCF analysis results show a positive Net Present Value (NPV) of USD 1,164 million with an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 16.41%. Sensitivity analysis identifies nickel price, capital expenditure (CAPEX), and total resource availability as the most critical parameters affecting the project’s value. The novelty of this study lies in the application of ROV in the context of nickel mineral down streaming in Indonesia, which remains rarely explored in the literature compared to other energy sectors such as geothermal or hydropower. The contribution of this research is expanding the literature on the use of real options in the mining industry academically and offers a reference for investors, companies, and regulators to understand the strategic opportunities and risks of investing in nickel processing amid the growing global demand for electric vehicles practically.

The Implications of Supreme Court Circular Letter No. 3 of 2023 on the Application of the Paritas Creditorium Principle in the Bankruptcy of Apartment Developers

Seto Wahyudi, Anita Afriana, Rai Mantili — Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the implications of the Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) No. 3 of 2023 on the application of the paritas creditorium principle in bankruptcy cases involving apartment developers in Indonesia. The regulation has created a normative tension between the universal nature of bankruptcy law under Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligation and the judicial restriction imposed by SEMA, which states that bankruptcy petitions against apartment developers do not fulfill the requirement of simple proof. Using a normative juridical methodology with descriptive-analytical specifications, this research is grounded in literature studies of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources, supported by case analysis and expert interviews. The findings reveal that SEMA No. 3 of 2023 substantially degrades the implementation of the paritas creditorium principle, limits creditors’ access to collective debt resolution mechanisms, and creates legal uncertainty through dualism of norms between statutory provisions and judicial circulars. As a result, creditors—particularly consumer creditors—are compelled to seek alternative legal remedies through civil litigation, including class action lawsuits accompanied by conservatoir beslag and execution mechanisms. This study contributes to the development of bankruptcy law discourse and offers practical recommendations to restore fairness, certainty, and effectiveness in resolving debt disputes involving apartment developers.

Nurses' Perception of Career Development and Organizational Commitment and Its Components in Private Hospitals in Indonesia

Theodorius Amelwatin — Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Career development and organizational commitment are critical factors in improving nurses’ performance and retention in private hospitals. However, understanding how nurses perceive career growth and its influence on their commitment remains essential, particularly in the Indonesian healthcare context where workforce stability is a key concern. This study aims to explore nurses’ perceptions of career development and organizational commitment, as well as to examine how demographic factors influence these relationships in private hospitals in Indonesia. The study employs a mixed-method approach with an explanatory sequential design. It begins with quantitative analysis identifying career growth and demographic factors (age, gender, work experience, and work location) as predictors of organizational commitment. This is followed by a qualitative phase using virtual focus group discussions (FGDs) with 30 purposively selected nurses from private hospitals in North Sulawesi. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. The findings reveal three main themes: a positive work environment, emotional involvement at work, and challenges faced in the hospital. These results confirm that career development significantly influences nurses’ organizational commitment, supported by both quantitative and qualitative evidence. Career development plays a vital role in strengthening nurses’ commitment to their organizations. Hospitals are recommended to design structured career development and counseling programs to enhance employee engagement and long-term retention.

Adoption Intention of Digital Gold Investment: An Integrated Model of UTAUT, Price Value, Perceived Risk, and Attitude as a Mediator in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia

Edwin, Aswin Widyastama Sugianto , Henry Ronald Siahaya , Asnan Furinto — Sat, 23 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Gold has traditionally been a store of value and a financial hedge in both developed and emerging markets, including Indonesia. Recent rupiah depreciation and global economic uncertainty have prompted investors to seek safer assets and digital alternatives. This study investigates the factors influencing digital gold investment adoption among Gen X, Millennials, and Gen Z in Greater Jakarta, using an extended UTAUT framework that incorporates price value, perceived risk, and attitude as mediators. A cross-sectional survey and PLS-SEM analysis of 51 respondents assess both direct and indirect effects of UTAUT constructs, economic and psychological factors, and behavioral intention. Results show that performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, and perceived risk significantly affect behavioral intention, while price value strongly influences attitude but not intention directly. The mediating effect of attitude is not supported. These findings suggest that cognitive evaluations, such as utility, readiness, and risk, outweigh affective responses in digital gold adoption among urban Indonesian youth. The study offers theoretical insights for fintech adoption models and practical guidance for digital gold providers, emphasizing platform features, infrastructure, and risk management. Limitations include a small sample size and potential validity concerns, indicating areas for future research.

Information Management Behavior Related to the Self-Diagnosis of Mental Health Disorders by the Generation

Ivanna Clarissavitri, Mohamad Syahriar Sugandi — Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The rapid growth of social media, particularly TikTok, has significantly influenced how Generation Z accesses and manages mental health information, leading to an increasing trend of self-diagnosis. However, previous studies have primarily focused on the impacts of self-diagnosis rather than the underlying information management process, creating a research gap. This study aims to explore how Generation Z manages mental health information on TikTok and how this process contributes to self-diagnosis behavior. Using an interpretive paradigm with a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with Generation Z TikTok users and an expert informant, selected through purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis supported by NVivo 12. The findings reveal that information exposure initially occurs passively through TikTok’s algorithmic For You Page, which later develops into active information seeking. The interpretation and selection of information are largely influenced by emotional validation rather than scientific reasoning, while social interaction reinforces perceived credibility. This process leads to the formation of self-perception and self-diagnosis decisions. The study concludes that self-diagnosis is a subjective and gradual outcome of information management driven by media dependency. Theoretically, this research extends information behavior and media dependency frameworks, while practically emphasizing the need for improved digital mental health literacy and professional guidance.

Implementation of a Material-Driven Design Approach on Sandwich Sacks for the Development of Ealsmor Brand Bags

Denys Nurhaliza, Arini Arumsari, Muchlis Muchlis — Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the role of genius loci in architectural planning and revitalization of the Old City of Surabaya (Kota Lama Surabaya), with particular attention to its symbolic elements, cultural identity, and historical meaning. As an intangible and non-physical dimension, the symbolic element of the area is strongly associated with Surabaya’s identity as the “City of Heroes,” rooted in significant historical events such as the Battle of Surabaya on 10 November 1945, especially around the Jembatan Merah area. The research analyzes the application of genius loci through three main aspects: placemaking, identity and sustainability, and conservation and revitalization. Placemaking strategies emphasize the creation of a strong sense of place through historical narratives, adaptive reuse of heritage buildings, and the reorganization of public spaces. The aspect of identity and sustainability highlights the importance of maintaining collective identity while integrating sustainable architecture, community involvement, and contextual design. Meanwhile, conservation and revitalization focus on reactivating heritage buildings through value-based restoration without freezing their development. The study also identifies challenges in preserving genius loci, including development pressure, degradation of authenticity, and limited community participation, alongside opportunities such as sustainable heritage tourism, adaptive reuse, bottom-up conservation approaches, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. The findings suggest that integrating genius loci into planning and design can strengthen cultural continuity, enhance social sustainability, and ensure meaningful revitalization of Kota Lama Surabaya

Design Thinking in Menu Development with A Focus on Food Visual Aesthetics: Influence on Consumer Foodstagramming Behavior

Melissa Adriana Susanto, Bambang Iskandriawan — Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The rapid growth of the Food and Beverage (F&B) industry in Surabaya has cultivated a highly competitive landscape, where business success is no longer determined solely by taste but also by visual aesthetics capable of triggering digital interaction. This study aims to identify the food visual aesthetic elements most relevant to Generation Z and Millennials and analyze their influence on foodstagramming behavior on Instagram. Employing a mixed-methods approach with a sequential exploratory strategy, the first phase utilized the Design Thinking framework from Empathize to Prototype to explore visual preferences through in- depth interviews with 24 respondents. Qualitative findings identified five key elements: contrasting colors, highlighted textures, strategic tableware selection, functional garnishing, and compositional balance. These elements were then manifested into three innovative menu prototypes as visual stimuli. In the second phase, quantitative testing was conducted on 139 respondents using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis. The results demonstrate that visual aesthetic perception has a positive and significant influence on sharing intentions (foodstagramming), with a path coefficient of 0.676. Furthermore, a ceiling effect phenomenon (zero variance) was observed in responses to the innovative prototypes, empirically confirming that the human- centered design intervention achieved a maximum consensus of satisfaction. This study concludes that visual aesthetics are not merely supplementary but serve as a strategic trigger for generating organic promotion through User Generated Content (UGC).

He Effect of Bajakah Wood (Spatholobus Littoralis Hassk.) Extract on Carboxymethyllysine (CML) Glycation Product in Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) and its Review from an Islamic Perspective

Agfy Laila Fadhilah — Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study addresses the growing concern of skin aging associated with glycation processes, particularly the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) such as Carboxymethyllysine (CML), which contribute to oxidative stress and tissue damage. The research aims to evaluate the effect of bajakah wood (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) extract on CML levels in D-galactose-induced aging model rats and to examine its relevance from an Islamic perspective. An experimental quantitative design was employed using 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into six groups, including control and treatment groups receiving varying doses of bajakah wood extract. CML levels were measured using the ELISA method after treatment. The results showed that although there were variations in mean CML levels across groups, statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA indicated no significant effect of bajakah wood extract on reducing CML levels (p > 0.05). The positive control group treated with vitamin C exhibited the lowest CML levels, while treatment groups showed fluctuating results. In conclusion, bajakah wood extract demonstrated limited in vivo antiglycation effects under the experimental conditions. However, its bioactive compounds indicate potential for further investigation, particularly with improved dosage, duration, and methodological approaches, while aligning with Islamic principles of halal and beneficial use.

Analysis of the Implementation of E-Purchasing for Construction Services on Efficiency and Transparency in the Bina Marga Division of the Public Works and Spatial Planning Department (PUP)

Rika Yuanita, Bambang Endro Yuwono — Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Government procurement of goods and services is driven towards efficient, transparent, and accountable governance through digitalization, one of which is with an e-catalog-based e-purchasing system developed by LKPP to standardize and document transactions electronically. Analyze the implementation of e-purchasing construction services on the efficiency and transparency of procurement in the Highway Division of the PUPR Office of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, including the effectiveness of its implementation, benefits, and implementation constraints. Analysis of the implementation of e-purchasing construction services by reviewing the effectiveness of the system, the benefits produced, and the obstacles in implementation practice. E-purchasing speeds up the procurement process, increases the disclosure of price and specification information, and reduces the potential for non-transparent practices. However, there are obstacles in the form of limited human resource competence, incompatibility with e-catalog specifications with field conditions, and not optimal updating of provider data. E-purchasing contributes to the efficiency and transparency of the procurement of construction services, but requires strengthening managerial, technical, and supervisory aspects so that its implementation is more optimal and sustainable.

A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for Rigless Job Scope Prioritization: Framework for Strategic Rigless Well Candidate Selection

Harry Kurniawan, Pri Hermawan — Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Rigless well intervention is essential for restoring production and maintaining well integrity in upstream oil and gas operations. However, companies often face dynamic environments where multiple intervention candidates arise simultaneously, while execution capacity is limited by budget, resources, or financial constraints. Without a structured prioritization framework, Rigless execution decisions tend to be inconsistent and heavily reliant on judgment, especially under financial pressure or overly aggressive strategies. This research aims to develop a systematic decision‑support framework for prioritizing Rigless well intervention programs by applying the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The framework integrates multiple technical, operational, economic, and risk‑related criteria to determine the relative priority of Rigless program objectives. Expert judgments are collected and synthesized to establish a clear priority hierarchy among these alternatives including Lost Production Opportunity (LPO) Reduction, Integrity Restoration, Well Development and Stimulation. The results indicate that LPO Reduction emerges as the highest priority due to its direct and immediate impact on production recovery, followed by Integrity Restoration as a critical prerequisite for safe and sustainable operations. Based on these results, a Rigless Prioritization Guideline is also proposed as the primary business solution which translating analytical rankings into practical execution and deferral rules applicable under concurrent candidate conditions and financial or operational constraints. The main contribution of this study is translating analytical prioritization into a practical business decision framework that supports consistent, transparent, and defensible Rigless execution. This framework enables companies to adapt their execution strategy under aggressive targets or financial constraints without adding operational complexity.

Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Active Compounds in Moringa Leaves (Moringa Oleifera) Against Osteoarthritis Through in Silico Methods

William Braven Jaurie, Youla Annatje Assa, Diana Shintawati Purwanto — Thu, 07 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with a high global burden. Available therapies remain palliative, and selective COX-2 inhibition risks shifting arachidonic acid metabolism to the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway, which increases proinflammatory leukotrienes. Furthermore, no approved 5-LOX inhibitors exist for OA. This study aims to analyze the anti-inflammatory potential of active metabolites in moringa leaves as 5-LOX inhibitors in osteoarthritis using in silico methods. This study was conducted using in silico methods, including preparation of ligand and target protein structures, identification of binding sites, docking validation, molecular docking, and visualization of molecular interactions. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina software via PyRx to evaluate binding energy (ΔG). All moringa leaf metabolites bound stably to both the orthosteric and allosteric pockets of 5-LOX, with binding affinities competitive with those of the reference ligands particularly ellagic acid (ΔG = −7.7 kcal/mol) at the orthosteric site and isorhamnetin (ΔG = −8.3 kcal/mol) at the allosteric site. Docking validation confirmed the reliability of the method, supporting the feasibility of active metabolite compounds from moringa leaves as potential 5-LOX inhibitor candidates in osteoarthritis. Active metabolites of moringa leaves show potential as 5-LOX inhibitors with competitive affinity at orthosteric and allosteric sites, and may thus be developed as complementary anti-inflammatory agent candidates in osteoarthritis. However, further validation through in vitro and in vivo testing is required.

Juridical Analysis of Online Gambling Crimes from the Perspective of the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the ITE Law: A Study of Decision No. 36/Pid.Sus/2025/PN MJY

Idris Wasahua, Iqbal Hidayatullah — Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The development of information technology has expanded the forms and modes of gambling conducted through electronic systems, thereby requiring adjustments in the framework of regulation and the application of criminal law. This research aims to analyze the regulation of gambling offenses from the perspectives of the KUHP and the UU ITE, as well as to examine the application of Article 45 paragraph (3) in conjunction with Article 27 paragraph (2) of the UU ITE to the defendant in the said decision based on the prevailing legal normative construction. The research method used was normative legal research with a statutory approach and a case approach, conducted through the examination of statutory regulations, criminal law doctrines, and legal considerations contained in court decisions. The results of the research show that the KUHP as lex generalis regulates gambling by emphasizing acts of providing, giving opportunities, as well as participating in gambling activities as regulated in Article 303 and Article 303 bis of the KUHP. Meanwhile, the UU ITE as lex specialis contains regulations concerning acts of distributing, transmitting, or making accessible electronic information containing gambling content as regulated in Article 27 paragraph (2), which conceptually are directed at parties who act as providers, operators, or facilitators of online gambling. This research affirms that the differences in regulatory character between the KUHP and the UU ITE require a systematic legal interpretation of the function and purpose of each norm.

The Effect of Cephalic Arch Stenosis Location on Angioplasty Success and Patency at 3 and 6 Months in Patients with Brachiocephalic Fistula

Peri Handayani, Patrianef Patrianef, Wawan Mulyawan — Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Failure of maturation and stenosis are major obstacles to arteriovenous fistula patency in hemodialysis patients. The cephalic arch commonly develops vascular dysfunction and can be divided into four domains. However, no study in Indonesia has evaluated the effect of cephalic arch stenosis location on angioplasty outcomes. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the location of cephalic arch stenosis and angioplasty success, as well as 3- and 6-month patency in patients with brachiocephalic fistulas, and to identify influencing factors. This retrospective cohort study included 68 patients with cephalic arch stenosis and brachiocephalic fistulas treated in outpatient clinics or inpatient wards at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) from January 2022 to December 2024. Data were obtained from medical records. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, and multivariate analysis was conducted using Firth logistic regression. The angioplasty success rate was 91.2%, with 3-month patency of 87.1% and 6-month patency of 66.7%. Multivariate analysis showed that stent use was significantly associated with reduced 3-month patency after angioplasty (OR 0.12; 95% CI 0.02–0.93; p = 0.042), and a cephalic arch insertion angle ≥60° was associated with decreased 6-month patency after angioplasty (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.06–0.77; p = 0.017). Stenosis location, age, sex, degree and length of stenosis, cephalic arch insertion angle, number of balloons, balloon size, balloon pressure, balloon type, stent use, hypertension, and diabetes were not associated with residual stenosis or with 3- and 6-month patency after angioplasty.

The Role of Logistics Service Quality in Mediating the Influence of Air Cargo Packaging, Digital Information, and Air Cargo Tariff on Logistics Customer Retention at Silkargo Cikarang

Rahmad Ali Umar Dalimunthe, Melia Eka Lestiani, Agus Purnomo — Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to analyze the influence of air cargo packaging, digital information, and air cargo tariffs on logistics customer retention through logistics service quality at SIL Kargo Cikarang. The background of this research is based on the decline in air cargo revenue from 2021 to 2025, the increasing rate of goods damage, digital misinformation, and relatively higher shipping rates compared to competitors. The research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method involving 125 customers of SIL Kargo Cikarang. The data analysis technique used was Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results of the study show that air cargo packaging, digital information, and air cargo tariffs have a positive and significant effect on logistics service quality. Logistics service quality also has a positive and significant effect on logistics customer retention and is able to mediate the influence of the three exogenous variables on logistics customer retention. These findings confirm that improving logistics service quality is a key strategy in retaining customers in the competitive air cargo industry.

Evaluation of Hypertension Treatment in Patients Who Have Received mRNA-based Covid-19 Vaccines

apt Ainur Rizkiya — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Hypertension remains one of the leading global public health problems and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The widespread implementation of COVID-19 vaccination, particularly mRNA-based vaccines, has raised concerns regarding potential cardiovascular effects, including transient blood pressure changes. This study aimed to evaluate hypertension treatment outcomes in patients who had received mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic factors on clinical outcomes. A quantitative analytic study with a retrospective cross-sectional design was conducted using electronic medical records from 400 adult hypertensive patients who received Pfizer or Moderna vaccines. Data included blood pressure measurements before and after vaccination, number of antihypertensive medications, comorbidities, and sociodemographic characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests. The results showed no statistically significant difference in the number of antihypertensive drugs before and after vaccination (median 2.00; p = 0.451). There were also no significant associations between sociodemographic variables and post-vaccination blood pressure, except a limited association with systolic blood pressure in patients with comorbidities. Overall, mRNA COVID-19 vaccination did not significantly affect antihypertensive therapy requirements or blood pressure control. These findings support the safety of mRNA vaccination in hypertensive patients, although continued monitoring, particularly of systolic blood pressure in patients with comorbid conditions, remains recommended.

The Influence of Economic Patronage on Interfaith Relations in Pusong Lama, Lhokseumawe

Rahmatul Ulya — Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Indonesia faces increasing cases of intolerance despite its tradition of religious diversity. While cities in Aceh consistently rank low on the Tolerant City Index, Pusong Lama Village demonstrates successful management of religious tolerance. This study aims to explore how the people of Pusong Lama understand and practice tolerance in daily social activities and identify the social and institutional factors maintaining harmonious relationships. This research used a phenomenological approach to reveal the deep meaning and essential characteristics of life experiences related to religious tolerance. The subjects of the study are the head of Pusong Lama village, the youth leader, the chairman of the Tirta Lhokseumawe Buddhist Temple, FKUB, and several Muslim and non-Muslim Pusong residents. The data analysis techniques used are inductive/qualitative, data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that religious diversity in Pusong Lama Village used to have a port and became a center of trade. The influx of immigrants from various religions and regions has caused a variety of religious umar Pusong Village has several houses of worship, namely the Batak Protestant Christian Huria Church (HKBP), the Indonesian Methodist Church (GMI), the Tirta Buddha Lhokseumawe Buddhist Temple, and the Al-Azhar Pusong Mosque. The Socio-religious relations are manifested in religious holiday celebrations, child adoption, orphan donations, social services, disaster response, and patron-client relationships, particularly trade patronage between ethnic Chinese (Buddhist and Christian) patrons and Acehnese Muslim clients.

Implementation of Narcotics Eradication Policy to Reduce Narcotics Circulation at Class IIA Tanjung Raja Correctional Facility

Raafi Hidayat, Prof Al Fitri, Abdul Najib, Raniasa Putra — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the narcotics eradication policy at the Tanjung Raja Class IIA Correctional Facility (Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIA Tanjung Raja) and to identify the factors influencing the effectiveness of its rehabilitation program. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews with inmates and correctional officers, participant observation, and document analysis as data collection methods. The findings indicate that although positive steps have been undertaken such as the establishment of a dedicated task force and the implementation of a rehabilitation program the outcomes achieved have not been satisfactory. A reduction in narcotics circulation from 30% to 25% following one year of implementation does not reflect significant progress. Inhibiting factors, including budget constraints, human resource shortages, social stigma, and insufficient inter-agency coordination, contributed to weaknesses in policy implementation. These findings underscore the importance of improving rehabilitation facilities, providing capacity-building training for correctional officers, and strengthening collaboration among relevant agencies. Consequently, achieving effective narcotics eradication requires a more holistic and integrated approach involving all relevant stakeholders, including the government, the community, and the families of inmates. This study is expected to provide actionable recommendations for future policy improvement.

The Role of Teachers in Implementing the Problem Based Learning Model Comic Education in Reading of Elementary School Students

Mita Ernawati, Retno Winarni, Peduk Rintayati — Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study addresses the persistent issue of low reading comprehension among elementary school students, which remains a critical challenge in achieving effective literacy learning. In many classrooms, reading instruction is still dominated by teacher-cantered approaches, resulting in limited student engagement and superficial understanding of texts. To overcome this problem, innovative learning strategies that integrate interactive models and engaging media are needed. This research aims to examine the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by educational comic media and its impact on students’ reading comprehension. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach supported by simple quantitative data. The subjects were 26 fourth-grade students of an elementary school. Data were collected through observation, reading comprehension tests, and documentation. The implementation followed PBL stages, including problem presentation, group discussion, exploration, and reflection, using educational comics as learning media. The results indicate that the integration of PBL and educational comics significantly improved students’ reading comprehension and engagement. The percentage of students achieving the minimum competency standard increased from 65% in the pre-implementation phase to 84% after the intervention. Students demonstrated better ability to identify characters, interpret text, analyze content, and draw conclusions. In conclusion, the PBL model assisted by educational comic media is effective in enhancing reading comprehension and fostering active learning. This approach can serve as an alternative strategy to improve literacy instruction in elementary schools.

Form Over Substance as Governance Technology: A Mixed-Method Exploration of Performativity in Indonesian Teacher Education

Anita Deka, Dasim Budimansyah, Mupid Hidayat, Momod Abdul Somad — Tue, 26 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research investigates the phenomenon of Form Over Substance (FOS) in Indonesian pre-service teacher education. Drawing on survey data from 347 students and focus group discussions with 15 participants, we inductively developed the Perceived Form Over Substance (PFOS) instrument, an exploratory scale with three dimensions: formalism, image management, and outcome preoccupation. Regression analyses show that systemic pressure for procedural certainty is the strongest predictor of PFOS orientations, outweighing dispositional traits such as the need for social validation. Qualitative findings deepen this picture: students describe ritualized learning, emotional labor in sustaining compliant identities, and grades functioning as social currency under familial surveillance. These patterns suggest that FOS is less a failure of motivation than a systemic outcome of governance regimes that operate through metrics, mimicry, and outsourced compliance. The PFOS instrument offers a preliminary, context-grounded tool for capturing the subjective experience of performative governance. PFOS is not a failure of will but a rational adaptation to systemic pressure, where compliance is not chosen but compelled. Reform requires reconfiguring performative policy technologies, preserving accountability while reducing reliance on forms and metrics, and re-centering teacher education on reflection, substantive evaluation, and meaningful pedagogy.

Developing a Fuzzy Logic and Sensitivity Analysis Model to Estimate Financial Loss from Social Conflict and Natural Disaster Risks in Hillside Construction Project

Siswanto Pribadi, I Gusti Agung Adnyana Putera, Anak Agung Diah Parami Dewi — Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Hillside construction projects face external risks from community issues and slope problems such as landslides, which often cause cost overruns. However, current tools like risk matrices do not provide accurate cost estimates. This study develops a model that converts expert judgments on social conflict (RS) and natural-disaster risks (RB) into expected financial loss as a percentage cost overrun. The model used frequency and consequence ratings from 30 stakeholders, validated by six experts (I-CVI: 0.83–1.00; S-CVI/Ave: 0.90–0.92). Internal consistency was confirmed (Cronbach's α: 0.759–0.873). Scores were combined using weighted geometric mean (ω_F = 0.318; ω_C = 0.682) and processed by a Mamdani fuzzy inference system with triangular/trapezoidal membership functions and a 3×3 rule base. Tested on a hillside villa project in Lombok, Indonesia, the model estimated loss at 12.75%, close to the actual overrun of 11.65% (MAPE = 9.42%). Sensitivity analysis shows RB dominates near baseline, while RS exhibits threshold effects at higher levels. Cost-benefit analysis reveals mitigation value depends on how much KF can be reduced per mitigation cost. This framework enables integration of qualitative risk assessment into early contingency planning for hillside construction projects.

Development of Gluten-Free Dried Noodles with the Addition of Anchovy Protein (Stolephorus insularis)

Evan Michael Ariyanto, Yuyun Yuniati, Adhania Andhika Prayudanti — Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Manufacturer of protein-enriched gluten-free dry noodles This research aims to develop the formulation and manufacture of protein-enriched gluten-free noodles using rice flour as the main base ingredient with the addition of anchovy protein (Stolephorus insularis) in flour. The demand for high-quality, high-protein gluten-free products is increasing rapidly. This is mainly due to the emergence of public awareness about the importance of maintaining health. The anchovies used in this study have been identified as one of the high-quality and economical sources of animal protein. The method includes the characterization of anchovy proteins, and the evaluation of the final product. Using a hedonic test, the results of the study are expected to show the optimal formulation of gluten-free dry noodles that have a significant increase in protein content without sacrificing texture quality and public acceptance. Based on the effectiveness test of the De Garmo method, the A2 treatment was selected as the best treatment with a total result value of 0.642.

The Effectiveness of Shaping Techniques in Improving Independence in Genital Hygiene Among Students with Moderate Intellectual Disabilities

Galih Gustiana Wijaya, Budi Susetyo, Iding Tarsidi — Mon, 25 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Health in the reproductive organs is important for adolescents, including children with disabilities. Although disabled children have shortcomings and limitations in terms of their intellect, they require independence in taking care of personal needs, especially in terms of maintaining the cleanliness of the reproductive organs. Interventions are needed that can encourage the independence of personal hygiene skills of genitalia of children with disabilities. One of the alternative behavior modifications that can be applied to increase the independence of children with disabilities is shaping. This study aims to increase the independence of personal hygiene genitalia of students with moderate disabilities at SLB Satria Galdin. The method used was Single Subject Research with an A-B-A design. Data is collected through performance tests using test instruments. The data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and displayed in simple line graphs. The results of this study showed an increase in independence in students in genitalia personal hygiene skills, evidenced by an increase in the mean level in conditions at baseline 1 (A-1) by 54.10%, intervention (B) by 62.70% and baseline 2 (A-2) by 78.70%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the shaping technique is effective in increasing the independence of genitalia personal hygiene in students with moderate intellectual disabilities, as demonstrated by the progressive improvement across all phases with zero percentage overlap between baseline and intervention phases, indicating that the intervention had a positive and meaningful impact on the target behavior.

Student Perceptions of LDKK (Latihan Dasar Kepemimpinan dan Kedisiplinan) Viewed from the Perspective of Psychological Capital at UNJANI

Endah Andriani Pratiwi, Yoga Hardianto — Thu, 07 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to examine students' perceptions of the Basic Discipline and Leadership Training Program (Latihan Dasar Kedisiplinan dan Kepemimpinan/LDKK) from the perspective of Psychological Capital among students of Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani (UNJANI). A quantitative explanatory research design was employed. The sample consisted of 240 undergraduate students who had participated in the LDKK program, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Psychological Capital questionnaire encompassing four dimensions self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience as well as a scale measuring students' perceptions of LDKK. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with SPSS. The results indicate that Psychological Capital has a significant simultaneous effect on students' perceptions of LDKK (R² = 0.42; p < 0.001). Partially, self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience each exerted a positive and significant effect on students' perceptions of LDKK (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that students with higher levels of Psychological Capital tend to perceive the LDKK program more positively. This study highlights the importance of positive psychological resources in shaping students' perceptions of leadership and discipline training in higher education. Practically, the findings suggest that integrating Psychological Capital development into the design and implementation of LDKK may enhance program effectiveness and students' overall learning experience.

Cost Aspect in the Stability Analysis of an Earthfill Dam with Respect to Variations in Embankment Materials and Water Levels (Case Study: Cibeet Dam Project, Bogor Regency)

Muhammad Faizal, Muhammad Zaki — Thu, 07 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Stability analysis was carried out using PLAXIS 2D based on the Finite Element Method with the Shear Strength Reduction (SSR) approach. Two design alternatives were evaluated: Model 1 with a complete material zoning system consisting of sand–gravel, sandstone, and coarse filter layers, and Model 2 with a simplified configuration dominated by sandstone material. The evaluation was performed under Low Water Level (LWL), Normal Water Level (NWL), and Flood Water Level (FWL) conditions, as well as under static loading, Operating Basis Earthquake (OBE), and a design earthquake with a magnitude of 7.5. The results indicate that increasing reservoir water levels and seismic loading lead to a reduction in the Safety Factor (SF); however, all analyzed conditions still satisfy the required stability criteria. Model 2 exhibits higher SF values under static conditions, while Model 1 demonstrates superior stability performance under strong earthquake loading and long-duration seismic events. Cost analysis shows that the total construction cost of Model 1 is IDR 566.85 billion, whereas Model 2 requires IDR 558.86 billion, resulting in a cost saving of 1.41% for Model 2. The integrated analysis reveals a clear trade-off between stability and cost, where Model 1 provides higher technical safety, while Model 2 offers greater economic efficiency.

The Relationship Between Pain Intensity and Stress Level on Sleep Quality Among Junior High School Girls with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Literature Review

Cyndi Yuliana, Sri Novia Fauza — Tue, 26 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Early adolescence, especially at junior high school age, is a critical period of neurobiological and hormonal development. Primary dysmenorrhea, characterized by cramping pain in the lower abdomen without pelvic pathology, is the most common gynecological complaint in this population. This condition is often underestimated despite having significant systemic impacts, including severe sleep disturbances and increased psychological stress. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively analyze the relationship between menstrual pain intensity and psychological stress levels and sleep quality in adolescent girls with primary dysmenorrhea, with a special focus on the implications for adolescent health in the school environment. This study used a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) design with the PRISMA 2020 protocol. Ten studies that met the inclusion criteria, involving a total of more than 6,000 participants from different countries, including Indonesia, South Korea, China, the United States, India, Turkey, and Brazil, were qualitatively analyzed. Data synthesis showed a strong linear relationship in which high pain intensity (NRS ≥ 7) significantly predicted poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5) and impaired sleep efficiency. Adolescents with severe dysmenorrhea reported shorter sleep duration, prolonged sleep latency, and sleep fragmentation. On the other hand, psychological stress was identified as an independent variable and a crucial mediator; high stress levels, measured by DASS-21 or PSS, correlated with increased pain perception and decreased sleep quality. Longitudinal studies show that the transition to menarche at an early age exacerbates circadian rhythm disorders, including social jetlag, which are further worsened by menstrual pain.

Evaluation and Prediction of Land Cover Changes in the Jangkok Watershed Using the Approach Ca-Ann

Muamar Kadafin, Nining Puspaningsih, Budi Kuncahyo — Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study addresses the increasing concern over deforestation and land cover changes in watershed areas, particularly in the Jangkok Watershed, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Rapid land conversion driven by population growth, agricultural expansion, and accessibility has contributed to forest degradation, potentially disrupting hydrological functions and ecosystem stability. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate land cover changes from 2019 to 2024 and to predict future changes until 2039 using an integrated modeling approach. The study employs remote sensing data derived from Landsat-8 OLI (2019) and Landsat-9 OLI-2 (2022 and 2024), processed through image pre-processing, classification, and accuracy assessment using ground checks, error matrix, and Kappa statistics. Furthermore, land cover change analysis is conducted using transition matrices, while the direction of change is evaluated using Curve Number (CN) and Soil Hydrology Group (KHT). Future predictions are generated using the Cellular Automata–Artificial Neural Network (CA–ANN) model based on driving factors such as distance to roads, rivers, and slope. The results indicate a significant decrease in primary and secondary dryland forests, accompanied by a substantial increase in mixed garden areas. Negative land cover changes dominate, leading to increased surface runoff and reduced infiltration capacity. The CA–ANN model demonstrates good predictive performance (Kappa = 0.78), projecting continued forest decline until 2039. In conclusion, land cover changes in the Jangkok Watershed are predominantly driven by human activities and pose risks to environmental sustainability. Strategic land management and conservation policies are essential to mitigate further degradation and preserve watershed functions.

Analysis of Project Performance and the Selection of Mitigation Strategies for Fiscal Disruptions Due to Government Budget Relaxation Policies

Aristo Yonghy Robertus, Bambang Endro Yuwono — Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Changes in budget allocation mechanisms and delays in fund disbursement have adversely affected project schedules, cost efficiency, and cash flow stability. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the impact of fiscal disruption on project performance using Earned Value Management (EVM) indicators—namely the Schedule Performance Index (SPI) and Cost Performance Index (CPI)—and to identify the most feasible managerial mitigation strategy under constrained fiscal conditions. The research adopts a quantitative-dominant mixed-methods approach utilizing secondary data derived from official project documents, including S-curves, progress reports, cash flow statements, and government fiscal policy regulations. Project performance is assessed through EVM, while financial conditions are evaluated using Net Cash Flow (NCF) and Net Profit (NP) analysis. Several alternative funding strategies are analyzed using Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) techniques such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Discounted Payback Period (DPP), and Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR). The alternatives are subsequently ranked using a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach based on a Weighted Scoring Model (WSM). The results indicate that fiscal adjustment policies significantly deteriorated project performance, as reflected by an SPI of 0.669 and a CPI of 0.957 as of June 2025. Among the evaluated mitigation strategies—internal funding, external funding, partial PPP, and a combination of internal–external funding—the combined strategy yields the most balanced technical and financial performance. Although it does not generate the highest profit, this strategy demonstrates superior overall feasibility and resilience under fiscal pressure.

Structural Market Distortions in Indonesia's Aviation Industry: Evidence of Monopolistic Practices, Price Discrimination, and Cartel Activities by the Lion Air Group

Seselia Ongso, Sugeng Santoso PN — Mon, 25 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

There is an indication of market dominance through a cooperation agreement that has the potential to limit the access of other business actors and cause discriminatory treatment. One of the cases of monopoly practices is market control through a cooperation agreement by Lion Air Group in ICC Decision Number 07/ICC-I/2020 and Cassation Decision Number 1811K/Pdt.Sus-ICC/2022. The research method employed is doctrinal legal research using a library research and statute approach, by examining legal regulations on monopoly, discrimination, and cartel practices, which are then analyzed alongside material facts and judicial ratio decidendi. The results of the study show that the monopoly practice in ICC Decision Number 07/ICC-I/2020 is reflected in the granting of exclusive rights to use cargo capacity to PT Lion Express which has an impact on limited access for other business actors and fulfills the elements of violation of Article 19 letter d of Law No.5/1999. In addition, indications of cartel pricing and practices were also found through the uniformity of flight fare policies by the Lion Air Group in Cassation Decision Number 1811K/Pdt.Sus-KPPU/2022. Although, the evidence of alleged cartel practices was not met, the Panel of Judges still affirmed the existence of cartel violations as intended in Article 5 of Law No. 5/1999. Therefore, this study emphasizes that monopoly practices can trigger unfair business competition, so strict supervision by ICC is needed to ensure the achievement of healthy, fair, and efficient business competition in the aviation industry.

Management of Kapuas River Water as a Sustainable Raw Water Source for Drinking Water Supply in Pontianak City

Syahirah Citra Andini, Dwi Nowo Martono, Haruki Agustina — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The Kapuas River in Pontianak City plays a vital role as a source of raw water for drinking water supply and various other needs. However, the quality of the river water is under increasing pressure due to the activities of surrounding communities. A sustainable management strategy is therefore necessary to maintain both water quality and availability, for human consumption as well as ecosystem sustainability. This study employed a mixed-methods approach encompassing descriptive analysis, regression analysis, and a SWOT framework. The findings indicate that the water quality of the Kapuas River is generally still within the applicable quality standards. Communities residing along the river generally collect and treat water prior to use, representing a form of adaptive response to prevailing water quality conditions. The analysis further reveals that fluctuations in basic drinking water tariffs are influenced by the rate of water loss, or Non-Revenue Water (NRW), which constitutes one of the primary challenges in the provision of clean water services. Based on the SWOT analysis, the recommended sustainable management strategy falls within the WO (Weakness–Opportunity) quadrant, signaling the need for increased funding, enhanced resource capacity, and stronger policy support to reinforce the water management system. Furthermore, regular water quality monitoring and consistent follow-up measures are essential steps to ensure that the Kapuas River remains a safe and reliable source of water for the population of Pontianak City.

Designing Policies for the Empowerment of Older Adults Through Used Cooking Oil Management Within the Social Protection Framework

Suratna Suratna — Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The increasing number of the elderly population in Indonesia demands a transformation of social protection policies that are not only protective, but also productive and sustainable. This research aims to formulate a policy design for the empowerment of the elderly through the management of used cooking oil in the framework of social protection based on collaborative governance. The research uses a qualitative approach with literature study methods and conceptual analysis of circular economy-based empowerment policies and practices. The results of the study show that the social protection policy of the elderly in Indonesia is still dominated by a charitable approach, so it has not been able to optimize the potential of the elderly as economic actors. On the other hand, used cooking oil management has significant economic and ecological potential, but has not been systematically integrated into policy design. The integration of these three dimensions allows for effective cross-sectoral collaboration between government, society, and the private sector. Therefore, this study recommends the transformation of the role of the government, especially the Ministry of Social Affairs, as a metagovernor who is able to orchestrate collaboration between actors in developing policies for the empowerment of the elderly based on the circular economy. This policy design is expected to improve the welfare of the elderly, strengthen social inclusion, and support sustainable development.

An Overview of Psychological Stress as a Cause of Tinnitus in Students of the Medical Education Program, Faculty of Medicine, Yarsi University, Class of 2023 and its Review from an Islamic Perspective

Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Tinnitus, defined as the perception of sound without external auditory stimuli, is often associated with psychological stress, particularly among students facing high academic demands. This study aims to describe psychological distress as a contributing factor to tinnitus among medical students and to provide an overview from an Islamic perspective. A descriptive quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. The sample consisted of 84 students from the Medical Education Program, Faculty of Medicine, YARSI University, Class of 2023, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) to measure psychological distress and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) to assess tinnitus severity. Data analysis was conducted using univariate descriptive statistics with SPSS. The results show that the majority of respondents experienced positive psychological distress (89.3%), indicating relatively stable mental conditions, while 10.7% experienced negative distress. Regarding tinnitus, most respondents were in the none or very mild category (86.9%), with minimal impact on daily activities. These findings suggest that although psychological distress is present, tinnitus incidence remains generally low among students. In conclusion, psychological stress may contribute to tinnitus occurrence, but its severity is mostly mild, emphasizing the importance of stress management and maintaining psychological well-being

Risk Management in Redesigning Main Dam for the Tiu Suntuk Dam Implementation

Aisyah Nur Amalina Lestari, Endah Kurniyaningrum, Silia Yuslim — Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The redesign of the Tiu Spara Dam main dam was carried out in response to changes in technical conditions and operational needs of the project, but this process has the potential to pose various risks that can affect the stability, safety, and performance of the dam. This study aims to identify risk indicators, analyze risk levels and priorities, and formulate risk control strategies in the redesign of the Tiu Suntuk Dam main dam. The method used is a descriptive quantitative approach based on ISO 31000:2018 risk management, with data collection through field observations, interviews, literature studies, and questionnaire dissemination to experienced respondents. Risk analysis was conducted using the Severity Index method to assess the probability and impact of the risk, which was subsequently mapped into a risk matrix. The results showed that the highest risk came from the technical aspects, namely changes in soil carrying capacity, availability of materials for new designs, and suitability of dam design with actual slope conditions, all of which fall under the category of extreme risk. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen technical investigations, design adjustments, improve work quality control, and implement systematic and integrated risk management. This research is expected to be a reference in risk management in similar dam projects to improve structural safety and the sustainability of dam functions.

Bacterial Patterns, Causes, and Antibiotic Resistance in Neonatal Sepsis Cases at Yarsi Hospital and its Review from an Islamic Perspective

Amelia Fernanda, Elsye Souvriyanti , Endah Purnamasari , Siti Nur Riani — Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of newborn morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. This systemic bacterial infection can progress rapidly and become fatal without early and appropriate treatment. Effective empirical antibiotic therapy depends critically on the local pattern of causative bacteria and the level of antibiotic resistance within each hospital. This research aims to identify the pattern of bacteria causing neonatal sepsis and analyze bacterial resistance to certain antibiotics based on medical record data, culture results, and antibiotic resistance tests from blood specimens of neonates suspected of having sepsis who were treated at YARSI Hospital during the period 2022-2024. Data was collected by observing and recording medical records of neonatal sepsis patients treated at YARSI Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024. Data analysis was performed in stages using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The results showed that neonatal sepsis most often occurred in male neonates, was born prematurely, and was dominated by Gram-negative bacteria, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae. Gram-negative bacteria exhibited widespread resistance to first-line antibiotics, while sensitivity to certain antibiotics such as amikacin, tigecycline, and carbapenems was still found. Most cases fell into the multidrug-resistant (MDR) category, indicating a significant challenge in empirical therapy, although no statistically significant association was found between bacterial type and MDR levels. These findings underscore the importance of blood culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing as the basis for appropriate therapy, in line with Islamic values of preserving life, the continuation of generations, and the rational use of antibiotics.

Factors Affecting Speech Delay in Children Under 5 Years Old at YARSI Hospital and Its Review from an Islamic Perspective

Muhammad Farabi Izka, Elsye Souvriyanti, Tuty Herawaty, Fazlurrahman Anshar — Thu, 07 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Speech delay is one of the most common developmental issues in early childhood, affecting 5-10% of preschool children in Indonesia with an increasing trend annually. This study aims to identify internal and external factors influencing speech delay in children under 5 years old at YARSI Hospital. Using a quantitative observational analytic approach with a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 102 children diagnosed with speech delay through total sampling over a 6-month period. Results showed that speech delay was more prevalent in boys (69.6%) and children aged 49-59 months (31.4%). Internal factors identified include genetic and family history (29.4%), intelligence level, physical disability (15.7%), and prematurity (6.9%). External factors include parental education, parenting style with permissive pattern being dominant (44.1%), socioeconomic status with most families in low to medium categories (46.1% and 44.1%), gadget use, parental employment, and foreign language exposure (29.4%). This study concludes that speech delay is a multifactorial condition influenced by the interaction between internal biological factors and external environmental factors. From an Islamic perspective, children are an amanah from Allah SWT, and speech delay should be addressed through comprehensive efforts involving medical, educational, social, and spiritual approaches with patience and consistent stimulation.

The Effect of n-Butanol Extract of Dewandaru Fruit (Eugenia uniflora L.) on the Leukocyte Count in Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Puguh Santoso, Ni Putu Febi Andani — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) is a medicinal plant that has been widely used in traditional medicine. Cigarettes are addictive substances that pose a significant threat to health and life sustainability. The principal toxic constituents of cigarettes are nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide (CO). Long-term smoking can increase the total leukocyte count, particularly the number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in the peripheral blood circulation, due to free radical generation and inflammatory reactions. Dewandaru fruit (Eugenia uniflora L.) contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds that may inhibit leukocyte activation induced by oxidative stress associated with cigarette smoke exposure, thereby contributing to a reduction in the total leukocyte count. This study employed an experimental design with a posttest-only control group, using a sample of 30 male mice (Mus musculus) divided into three groups. Group I served as the negative control and received cigarette smoke exposure and distilled water. Groups II and III were designated as treatment groups and received 30 minutes of cigarette smoke exposure per day for 30 days, along with oral administration of n-butanol extract of dewandaru fruit at doses of 100 mg/kgBW and 200 mg/kgBW, respectively. On day 31, peripheral blood samples were collected from all subjects. The findings of this study indicate that administration of n-butanol extract of dewandaru fruit (Eugenia uniflora L.) resulted in a reduction in the total leukocyte count in male mice receiving the extract compared to the control group.

Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) Based Learning to Improve Student Learning Achievement at SDN Pekojan 03 and SDN Pekojan 05 Tambora, West Jakarta

Jujur Purba, Waska Warta — Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK)-based learning is a strategic agenda for improving the quality of education in primary schools. Teachers, as the main implementers of instruction, require systematic management support to effectively integrate technology, pedagogy, and content. This study aims to describe the management of TPACK-based learning through the POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling) framework in enhancing student achievement at SDN Pekojan 03 and SDN Pekojan 05 Jakarta Barat. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design through observations, interviews, and document analysis involving principals, teachers, and students. The findings reveal that planning for TPACK-based learning has been incorporated into instructional documents, yet its implementation remains inconsistent; organizing is still simple with limited ICT management teams; actuating involves the use of digital applications and interactive media, though not evenly across all classrooms; and controlling tends to focus more on administrative compliance rather than in-depth reflection on TPACK effectiveness. Limited facilities, teachers’ digital literacy, and unstable internet connectivity emerge as the main challenges, although both principals and teachers demonstrate strong commitment to sustaining digital learning innovation. The study concludes that applying POAC in TPACK-based learning has the potential to enhance teacher creativity, student engagement, and learning achievement, provided that it is supported by needs-based planning, structured team organization, collaborative implementation, and reflective as well as continuous supervision. It is expected that this study contributes to the development of adaptive, innovative, and sustainable TPACK-based learning policies and practices in primary schools.

The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Speech Delay in Children Under 5 Years Old at YARSI Hospital and Its Review in Islam

Naufal Nayaka Rahman — Thu, 07 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to determine the relationship between child parenting styles and the incidence of speech delay in children under 5 years old at YARSI Hospital. A quantitative analytical cross-sectional design was used with total sampling of 102 children diagnosed with speech delay over 6 months. Parenting styles were assessed for seven caregiver types (father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, uncle, aunt, domestic assistant/ART). Speech delay was classified as functional (environmentally-driven) or non-functional (biologically-linked). For fathers, permissive indulgent parenting was dominant (35.3%). For mothers, authoritarian parenting was dominant (39.2%). Functional speech delay occurred in 72 children (70.6%), while non-functional speech delay occurred in 30 children (29.4%). Bivariate analysis using Chi-Square showed a significant relationship between maternal parenting style and speech delay (p = 0.027). Notably, all non-functional speech delay cases occurred in the authoritarian parenting group, while authoritative parenting had zero non-functional cases. Domestic assistant (ART) parenting also showed a significant relationship with speech delay (p = 0.046). These findings underscore the importance of verbal stimulation in parenting settings, including from domestic assistants, in supporting children's language development. From an Islamic perspective, children are a trust (amanah), and parents bear responsibility for responsive, communicative child-rearing.

Strengthening Social Education in the Development of Caregivers for the Elderly for the Global Market: A Collaborative Model for Poverty Alleviation

Supomo Supomo — Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The increase in the elderly population globally and nationally encourages the need for professional caregivers while opening up strategic opportunities in poverty alleviation. This research aims to formulate a model for strengthening social counselling in the development of elderly caregivers that is integrated with the needs of the global market through a collaborative approach. This study used a qualitative approach with literature study and policy analysis methods, with reference to the theoretical framework of Ansell and Gash as well as studies related to the long-term care workforce. The results of the study show that strengthening social counselling needs to be built through four main pillars, namely the identification of vulnerable human resources, mindset transformation, the internalization of empathy values, and the strengthening of social readiness. Social counselling does not only function as a knowledge transfer, but as a transformative instrument in building social and professional competence. The successful implementation of the model is highly dependent on collaborative governance involving the Ministry of Social Affairs, the Ministry of Manpower, certification bodies, the private sector, non-governmental organizations, and liaison actors. The integration of social counselling with the caregiver development system and collaboration was able to produce two main findings, namely meeting the needs of global caregivers and overcoming national poverty through the creation of jobs based on social competence.

Police–Government Collaboration in MSME Empowerment: Evidence from Bangka Belitung

Bahar Buasan, Vita Mayastinasari, Sari Wahyuni, Riani Rachmawati — Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study discusses the economic growth paradox without security in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, where reported crimes have increased by 37.6 (1,566 to 2,155 cases) over the period between 2021 to 2023, despite the 12.8 growth in MSMEs amid an economic transition not based on tin mining. The study dwells on the police-local government cooperation in the empowerment of MSMEs as a Crime Prevention Through Social Development (CPSD) measure. Using qualitative case study research approach and interviewing the stakeholders of ABCGM (Academy, Business, Community, Government, Military/Police) by using in-depth interviews and focus groups, this study develops the Community-Based Empowerment Model (Model BBM). The results illustrate the multidimensional aspect of MSMEs in security, which constitutes surveillance networks, economic stabilization, social capital formation, and situational crime prevention. The BBM Model works out Bhabinkamtibmas (community police officers) as ecosystem orchestrators in five functions: assessment, bridging, capacity-building, governance, and monitoring. The paper is an addition to the theoretical synthesis of procedural justice developed by Tyler, community policing developed by Bayley and economic criminology, as it provides a practical road map of the 17,000 Indonesian island communities shifting to extractive ones.

ICD Coding Automation Model of Retinal Detachment Case Using Support Vector Machine and Random Forest

Dyah Kurniawati, Mieke Nurmalasari, Hosizah Markam, Dewi Krismawati — Thu, 07 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Health Information Management (HIM) professionals are responsible for maintaining the consistency of ICD-based clinical codes for the health reimbursement and health analytics through the review of medical documentation. The complexity of coding rules and clinical pathways increases the risk of miscoding, but the implementation of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) opens opportunities for the development of automation of ICD coding. This study aims to build an ICD code automation model for retinal detachment cases from eye referral hospital using artificial intelligence through clinical text classification with Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. The dataset includes disease resumes, physical examinations, diagnoses, medical procedures, surgical records, and therapies from 300 inpatients. Text preprocessing uses the NLTK library through sentence splitting, abbreviation expansion, case folding, stop word removal, and tokenization functions. Data preparation involves splitting data (80:20 ratio), feature extraction with TF-IDF Vectorizer, and 5-fold cross validation. Classification modeling uses Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF). Evaluation of the SVM model showed an accuracy of 0.82 (precision 0.84; recall 0.82; F1-Score 0.82), while the RF model achieved an accuracy of 0.87 (precision 0.88; recall 0.87; F1-Score 0.87). Based on confusion metrics, the correct predictions for classes H33.0, H33.2, and H33.4 on SVM are 79, 87, and 80, while RF reaches 83, 88, and 91. The development of this automation requires HIM professional’s role in ensuring the quality of EMR data and accuracy of ICD code as well as intensive model training to handle the complexity of clinical data.

The Effect of Investment Decisions on Firm Value with CSR and Profitability as Moderating Variables

Tedrick Soetedjo, Elsa Imelda — Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the effect of investment decisions on firm value, with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and profitability serving as moderating variables. The research sample consists of energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2022–2024 period, selected through purposive sampling based on predetermined criteria. The data used are secondary data derived from annual financial statements and sustainability reports obtained from the official IDX website. Data analysis is conducted using panel data regression with EViews software, and the best estimation model employed is the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results indicate that investment decisions proxied by the Price-to-Earnings Ratio (PER) do not have a significant effect on firm value proxied by Tobin's Q, suggesting that investment decisions have not become a primary indicator in assessing firm value in the energy sector. Furthermore, CSR measured using the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) disclosure index does not significantly strengthen the relationship between investment decisions and firm value, indicating that CSR disclosure is not yet perceived as a strong signal by investors. In contrast, profitability proxied by Return on Equity (ROE) is found to significantly strengthen the effect of investment decisions on firm value, highlighting the role of profitability in reinforcing investment decision signals amid high earnings volatility in the energy sector.

The Effect of Tempe Flour Substitution on the Chemical and Organoleptic Quality of Mud Cake Based on Wheat Flour

Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study addresses the need to enhance the nutritional quality of traditional Indonesian foods, particularly kue lumpur, which is widely consumed but generally low in protein due to its reliance on wheat flour. As a locally available and protein-rich ingredient, tempeh flour offers potential as a functional substitute to improve both nutritional value and food diversification. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the effect of tempeh flour substitution on the chemical and organoleptic quality of wheat-based kue lumpur. The study employed an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor, namely the level of tempeh flour substitution (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), with three replications. Chemical properties were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), while organoleptic data were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The effectiveness of each formulation was determined using the De Garmo index. The results indicate that tempeh flour substitution significantly increases protein and fat content while reducing carbohydrate levels. However, it shows no significant effect on moisture content, color, taste, and texture, but significantly affects aroma. The optimal formulation was identified at 75% substitution, achieving a balanced improvement in both nutritional and sensory qualities. In conclusion, tempeh flour is a viable alternative ingredient to enhance the nutritional value of traditional kue lumpur while maintaining acceptable consumer preferences.

Carbon Footprint Reduction Strategy at Kompas Gramedia

Asnil Bambani Amri, Eliana Sari, Ahman Sya, Dian Alfia Purwandari — Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Studies related to carbon emission reduction in business entities have been mostly conducted in the manufacturing, transportation, and energy sectors. Internal strategies for reducing carbon footprints in the media industry are still relatively limited, particularly in developing countries, including Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the carbon footprint reduction strategies formulated and implemented by Kompas Gramedia (KG) Media, an integrated media company, which positions media as a business focus that simultaneously acts as an emissions producer and an agent for shaping public awareness. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with strategic company actors, followed by analysis of policy documents and observations of operational practices. The analysis was conducted thematically, referring to Fred R. David's strategic management framework (strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation) and linked to the concept of corporate sustainability and carbon footprint management based on the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. The results of this study indicate that the carbon footprint reduction strategy implemented at KG Media is not only oriented towards operational technical efficiency, but is integrated with the transformation of the media business model through digitalization, sustainability governance, and the formation of a low-carbon organizational culture. The novelty of this study lies in mapping carbon reduction strategies in the media industry as a non-manufacturing sector, as well as in the finding that the integration of internal strategies and media educational functions strengthens the effectiveness of corporate sustainability.

Academic Supervision by School Supervisors in the Merdeka Belajar Paradigm to Achieve High School Students' Learning Achievements in East Manggarai Regency, NTT

Leonardus Jafar, Achmad Ridwan, Mahdiyah — Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study explores the role of academic supervision conducted by school supervisors within the Merdeka Belajar paradigm and its contribution to improving high school students’ learning achievement in East Manggarai Regency, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Using a mixed-method approach with the CIPP evaluation model, this research combines quantitative and qualitative data to obtain comprehensive insights regarding the implementation, impact, and challenges of academic supervision. The findings reveal that academic supervision has been carried out systematically and contextually, beginning with needs analysis, collaborative planning, and implementation through coaching, mentoring, observation, and reflective dialogue. Supervision contributes to improving the quality of teaching practices, classroom management, teacher professionalism, student engagement, and the tendency of improved learning outcomes. Teachers also perceive academic supervision positively, acknowledging its role in strengthening planning, instructional strategies, and formative assessment. However, the study also identifies several constraints, including varied teacher understanding of Merdeka Belajar, limited facilities, administrative burden, uneven implementation, and insufficient follow-up support, resulting in learning achievements that have not yet been evenly improved across schools. Overall, academic supervision remains a strategic instrument to support the implementation of Merdeka Belajar and enhance student learning achievement, but it requires more consistent, contextual, and sustainable strengthening through improved mentoring, capacity building, and policy support.

Hedging Energy Security through Infrastructure Diplomacy: The Pursuit of Economic Sovereignty in Azerbaijan-Indonesia Energy Cooperation Post-COP29

Nadila Putri Shenindita, Shiskha Prabawaningtyas — Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

In the wake of COP29 in Baku, the geopolitical landscape of energy has transitioned toward a "hybrid" cooperation model that balances fossil fuel reliability with green innovation. This study analyzes the strategic partnership between Azerbaijan and Indonesia (2024–2026), examining how infrastructure diplomacy serves as a mechanism for economic sovereignty. Amidst a 2026 global oil surplus and a 2.5 mb/d supply increase buffer, the research identifies a significant pivot toward sustainable infrastructure. The findings highlight the "Baku Legacy": a Joint Task Force on Green Energy acting as a "special vehicle" to bypass bureaucratic hurdles in the Waste-to-Energy (WtE) sector. Data validates that while the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline remains a critical artery for Indonesia’s oil stability—mitigating the $6/bbl price spikes seen in early 2026—the cooperation has expanded into "Pragmatic-Progressive" ESG standards. By integrating Neorealist and Constructivist frameworks, the paper concludes that this bilateral synergy allows both nations to hedge against global volatility and supply chain shocks. This "Middle-Power Standard" offers a balanced alternative to stringent Western mandates, securing strategic autonomy within the South-South green transition.

Investment Project Analysis of Pt ABC External Power Electricity Interconnection With Utilities Power Generation System Pt Kilang Pt XYZ Internasional Refinery Unit III Plaju

Ardhi Septian — Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

PT Kilang PT XYZ Internasional is a company engaged in the business of refining petroleum into high-value products. The Plaju Refinery is a production facility in Palembang, with three (3) gas turbine generators in the utility section for electricity generation. The utility section of Refinery Unit III Plaju operates two gas turbines while one gas turbine is on standby, with a distributed load of 14 MW for the UA/UB GT and 10 MW for the UC GT. Both gas turbine generators operate below their design capacity (partial load), resulting in inefficiencies. High maintenance costs and the rising price of natural gas used in the gas turbine have resulted in high operating costs. This paper proposes improvements by implementing an external electricity interconnection project between PT ABC and the RU III Plaju utility. A SWOT analysis is used to evaluate internal and external factors influencing feasibility. Technical analysis aims to assess the feasibility of this project. Financial analysis is required to assess long-term profitability through projections of investment costs, operating costs, and potential cost savings. The financial feasibility analysis uses Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PBP). Furthermore, the technical risk analysis refers to ISO 3100:2018 risk assessment procedures, and the financial analysis uses Monte Carlo simulations. The technical analysis results indicate that this project can be implemented with an operational integration configuration: one 12 MW gas turbine-generator and 12 MW of external PT ABC electricity.