Assessing Rice Food Availability Resilience Under Paddy Field Land Use Change in Sukabumi Regency
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Rice food availability is increasingly challenged by paddy field conversion driven by socioeconomic development and land-use transformation. However, reductions in paddy field extent do not necessarily indicate decreased food availability, as agricultural systems may respond through intensification and productivity improvement. This study evaluated rice food availability resilience under paddy field land-use change in Sukabumi Regency, West Java, Indonesia, during 2000–2020 by integrating Landsat-based spatial analysis with agricultural production indicators. Paddy field dynamics were analyzed using multi-temporal Landsat imagery through Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) and Random Forest classification. Agricultural responses were assessed using harvested area, cropping intensity, productivity, rice production, and the Production Efficiency Index (PEI).The results showed that paddy field area declined from 71,641.44 ha in 2000 to 65,982.15 ha in 2020, representing a 7.9% reduction, with the largest decline occurring in rainfed paddy fields. Despite this reduction, rice production increased from 622,189 tons to 931,328 tons, supported by increases in harvested area, cropping intensity, and productivity, particularly within irrigated paddy field systems. The PEI increased from 8.68 to 14.12 ton ha⁻¹, indicating improved production efficiency relative to available land resources. These findings indicated that rice food availability resilience in Sukabumi Regency was supported by agricultural adaptation strategies, particularly through intensification and productivity enhancement rather than land expansion.Nevertheless, productivity improvements may not indefinitely compensate for continued paddy field conversion due to ecological and biophysical limitations. Integrating remote sensing-based land-use change analysis with agricultural performance indicators provides a useful framework for evaluating food availability resilience and supporting sustainable paddy field management.
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