A Study on the Effectiveness of Cinnamon Bark Extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) in Inhibiting the Growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Vitro
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Infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae represent a significant health concern due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance. One potential natural antibacterial agent is cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii), which contains various bioactive compounds. This study aimed to identify the secondary metabolites present in cinnamon bark extract and evaluate the effectiveness of cinnamon bark ethanol extract in inhibiting the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro. The study employed a true experimental method with a post-test-only control group design. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton Agar (MHA) with five treatment groups: a negative control (sterile distilled water), a positive control (ciprofloxacin), and cinnamon bark ethanol extract at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%, with three repetitions for each treatment. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene’s test, and one-way ANOVA. Phytochemical screening showed that cinnamon bark extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, and terpenoids. The mean inhibition zone diameters at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75% were 8.93 mm, 10.57 mm, and 10.99 mm, respectively. Based on the Davis and Stout criteria, the 25% concentration was categorized as moderate, while the 50% and 75% concentrations were categorized as strong. However, the one-way ANOVA results showed a significance value of 0.296 (p > 0.05), indicating no statistically significant differences among concentrations. Therefore, cinnamon bark ethanol extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) demonstrated antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae; however, increasing the extract concentration from 25% to 75% did not produce a statistically significant improvement in antibacterial effectiveness.
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