A Study on the Effectiveness of Jatropha multifida L. Latex–CMC (Carboxymethyl Chitosan) in the In Vivo Healing of Second-Degree Burns (Expression of FGF, Fibroblasts, and Collagen)
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Burn injuries remain a significant health concern because delayed healing can increase the risk of infection, scarring, disability, and treatment-related costs. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a gel formulation combining 15% Jatropha multifida L. latex and 3% carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) in the healing of second-degree burns. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to six groups: saline, gel base, J. multifida latex, 3% CMC, Bioplacenton, and J. multifida–CMC gel. Second-degree burns were induced using a heated metal probe, and treatments were administered according to group allocation. Skin tissue samples were collected on days 5, 10, and 15. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) expression was examined using immunohistochemical analysis, fibroblast numbers were quantified using hematoxylin–eosin staining, and collagen density was evaluated using Masson’s trichrome staining. Data were analyzed using parametric or nonparametric statistical tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. The combined gel increased FGF expression, particularly on day 15, and produced significant differences in fibroblast numbers across all observation periods. Collagen density also improved significantly on days 10 and 15, indicating enhanced extracellular matrix formation and tissue remodeling. These effects may be attributed to the complementary bioactive properties of J. multifida latex and the moist, biocompatible environment provided by CMC. In conclusion, J. multifida–CMC gel demonstrated potential as an antibiotic-free therapeutic option for second-degree burn healing; however, further toxicity assessments and clinical studies are required to confirm its safety and efficacy.
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