Reducing Stockouts and Improving Inventory Performance of Category a Cardiovascular Drugs Through Kraljic Matrix and MMSL in Pharmacy in Indonesia

Cardiovascular medicines require continuous availability because treatment interruptions may compromise chronic disease management. However, community pharmacies often experience stockouts, supply uncertainty, and inefficient inventory investment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating the Kraljic Matrix and Minimum–Maximum Stock Level (MMSL) methods in improving the inventory performance of category A cardiovascular medicines at a community pharmacy in Bandung, Indonesia. A quasi-experimental pre–post design without a control group was applied using retrospective data from August–December 2025 and prospective data from January–May 2026. Thirty category A medicines were classified using the Kraljic Matrix, followed by quadrant-specific procurement strategies and MMSL calculations. Performance was assessed through stockout incidents, stockout duration, stockout losses, average inventory value, and Inventory Turnover Ratio (ITOR), with differences tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Stockout incidents decreased from 31 to 8, while median stockout duration and losses declined from four days and IDR 106,546 to zero. Median ITOR increased from 0.99 to 1.17, although average inventory value increased due to additional safety stock requirements. All indicators showed significant changes with large effect sizes. The integrated approach effectively reduced stockouts and improved inventory utilization, supporting risk-based procurement strategies for cardiovascular medicines in community pharmacies while maintaining treatment continuity and operational resilience.