Descriptive Analysis of the Incidence of Suicide by Hanging at Bhayangkara Tk. 1 Pusdokkes Polri Hospital: A Review of Data from the Last Five Years and an Islamic Perspective
Downloads
Background: Suicide is a major global public health concern, with its incidence continuing to rise each year. Hanging remains one of the most frequently used methods, including in Indonesia. Forensic examination is crucial for identifying victim characteristics, determining causes and mechanisms of death, supporting legal processes, and contributing to prevention strategies. Objective: The objective of this study is to obtain a comprehensive picture of the characteristics of victims, the instruments used, the cause and mechanism of death, case management efforts, and an Islamic perspective on suicide cases by hanging. Methods: This study used a descriptive method with a cross-sectional design and a qualitative approach. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records of suicide victims by hanging examined at the Forensic Medicine Department of Bhayangkara Hospital Tk. 1 Pusdokkes Polri from 2020 to 2024. The analyzed variables included age, sex, wound characteristics, instruments used, and causes and mechanisms of death. The majority of victims were male and belonged to the productive age group, with rope being the most commonly used ligature. Results: Although several cases lacked detailed information on the mechanism of death, available data indicated that asphyxia due to neck compression was the primary cause. These findings align with forensic theory, which states that death in hanging cases typically results from obstruction of air and blood flow caused by pressure on neck structures. Conclusion: Overall, suicide by hanging predominantly involves males of productive age, with asphyxia being the leading mechanism of death.
Ahmad, M. A., & Rahman, F. (2020). Maqasid al-shariah and the protection of life: Contemporary perspectives on suicide prevention. Journal of Islamic Ethics, 4(2), 201–217. https://doi.org/10.1163/24685542-12340061
Alesha Muslim, M., Rahmawati, N. A., Mu, Z., Billah, T., & Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, U. (2024). Faktor penyebab bunuh diri pada mahasiswa. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 1(2), 261–266. https://doi.org/10.62017/syariah
Arafat, S. M. Y., et al. (2024). Prevalence of suicidal behavior among students in South-East Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Suicide Research, 28(1), 50–70.
Chand, S. (2019). Essentials of forensic medicine and toxicology. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Coombs, A. E., & Ashton-Cleary, D. (2023). Hanging and near-hanging. BJA Education, 23(9), 358–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjae.2023.05.002
Crudele, G. D. L., et al. (2024). Pathological findings in hanging: Is the traditional knowledge correct? Diagnostics, 14(3), 318.
Dewi, A. A. S., Wulan, R. N., & Yulianti, K. (2022). Gantung diri: Pola luka dan livor mortis.
Fadli, F., Mulyadi, A., & Zulfikar, M. (2021). Religious coping and suicidal ideation among Muslim youth: The protective role of Islamic faith. Psychiatry and Religion Journal, 12(3), 45–53.
Ghodake, D., et al. (2023). An autopsy study of ligature mark in cases of hanging. International Journal of Academic Medicine and Pharmacy, 5(5), 1179–1183.
Graziano, E., et al. (2024). An unusual case of homicide-suicide: Overkilling by stabbing and suicide by hanging. Clinica Terapeutica, 175(4), 229–233. https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2024.5123
Hassan, N., Abdullah, M. S., & Rahim, R. (2023). Faith and resilience: Islamic perspectives in preventing self-harm and suicide. International Journal of Islamic Psychology, 5(1), 1–10.
H. Waghmode, A., & H. Waghmode, A. (2020). Pattern of hanging cases brought for autopsy at a tertiary care centre in central India. Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine, 5(3), 190–192. https://doi.org/10.18231/2394-6776.2018.0043
Ibrahim, M. (2019). Contemporary application of maqasid al-shariah in mental health and well-being. Al-Shajarah: Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 24(1), 59–78.
Irfanuddin, T., & Nasution, I. S. (2014). Gambaran tanda kardinal asfiksia pada kasus kematian gantung diri di Departemen Forensik RSU Dr. Muhammad Hoesin Palembang periode tahun 2011–2012.
Jovita, A. W., & Kusumaningrum, A. E. (2022). Tanggung jawab hukum dokter di bidang pelayanan forensik dalam pembuatan visum et repertum (VER) perkara pidana asusila. Jurnal Hukum Kesehatan Indonesia, 2(2), 121–131.
Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. (2024). Al-Qur’anul Karim dan terjemahannya (Edisi terbaru, Cetakan IX). Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an.
Lehner, R., et al. (2025). Injury patterns of suicide attempts in the head and neck area: A retrospective analysis over 15 years. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 282(5), 2571–2580.
Marrone, M., et al. (2023). Diagnostic methods in forensic pathology: A new sign in death from hanging. Diagnostics, 13(3), 510.
Modi, R. B. J. P. (2013). A textbook of medical jurisprudence and toxicology. Elsevier.
Nabil, & Purwaningrum, J. (2023). Penentuan sebab kematian pada kasus gantung diri berdasarkan pemeriksaan luar jenazah. HTMJ, 20(2).
Onie, S., et al. (2024). Indonesia’s first suicide statistics profile: An analysis of suicide and attempt rates, underreporting, geographic distribution, gender, method, and rurality. The Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia, 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100368
Oscar, G., & Yusuf, H. (2024). Gambaran umum dan prevalensi kematian akibat asfiksia. Jurnal Intelek dan Cendikiawan Nusantara, 1(2), 2124–2135.
Ponce-Regalado, M. D., et al. (2025). Comprehensive view of suicide: A neuroimmune-endocrine approach. World Journal of Psychiatry, 15(2), 98484.
Rahayuningsih, A., Hamid, A. Y. S., Ismail, I. R., & Banowo, S. A. (2023). Bunuh diri pada kelompok usia remaja. Penerbit Adab.
Rakasiwi, M. I. D., et al. (2021). Gambaran patologis hasil autopsi pada leher korban homicidal hanging dan suicidal hanging. Indonesian Journal of Legal and Forensic Sciences, 11(2).
Rahman, A., & Qadri, S. (2021). Theological reflections on suicide from an Islamic viewpoint. Journal of Islamic Studies and Thought for Humanity, 8(4), 112–122.
Rao, D. (2022). An autopsy study of ligature mark in 634 cases of suicidal hanging. IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences, 6(4), 147–152. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2021.031
Sahoo, N., et al. (2016). Significance of external findings in hanging cases during autopsy. Red, 2, 2–60.
Sanyasi Rosa De Lima Renita. (2017). Faktor pemicu gantung diri di wilayah Panekan.
Saukko, P., & Knight, B. (2015). Knight’s forensic pathology. CRC Press.
SK, K. (2021). A prospective study of ligature mark in deaths due to hanging. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 15(3).
World Health Organization. (2021). An implementation guide for suicide prevention in countries.
World Health Organization. (2025). Suicide worldwide in 2021: Global health estimates.
Yunus, M. R., Sulaiman, N., & Hamzah, A. (2022). Religious engagement and suicide prevention among Muslims: A qualitative exploration. Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 31(2), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.57008/mjp.v31i2.345
Copyright (c) 2026 Afra Shamila Ambadar, Farah Primadani Kaurow, Siti Marhamah, Liko Maryudhiyanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
