Evaluation of Hypertension Treatment in Patients Who Have Received mRNA-based Covid-19 Vaccines
Downloads
Hypertension remains one of the leading global public health problems and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The widespread implementation of COVID-19 vaccination, particularly mRNA-based vaccines, has raised concerns regarding potential cardiovascular effects, including transient blood pressure changes. This study aimed to evaluate hypertension treatment outcomes in patients who had received mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic factors on clinical outcomes. A quantitative analytic study with a retrospective cross-sectional design was conducted using electronic medical records from 400 adult hypertensive patients who received Pfizer or Moderna vaccines. Data included blood pressure measurements before and after vaccination, number of antihypertensive medications, comorbidities, and sociodemographic characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests. The results showed no statistically significant difference in the number of antihypertensive drugs before and after vaccination (median 2.00; p = 0.451). There were also no significant associations between sociodemographic variables and post-vaccination blood pressure, except a limited association with systolic blood pressure in patients with comorbidities. Overall, mRNA COVID-19 vaccination did not significantly affect antihypertensive therapy requirements or blood pressure control. These findings support the safety of mRNA vaccination in hypertensive patients, although continued monitoring, particularly of systolic blood pressure in patients with comorbid conditions, remains recommended.
Abbafati, C. et al. (2020) ‘Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019’, The Lancet, 396(10258), pp. 1223–1249. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2.
AboulFotouh, K., Cui, Z. and Williams, R.O. (2021) ‘Next-generation COVID-19 vaccines should take efficiency of distribution into consideration’, AAPS PharmSciTech, 22(3). doi:10.1208/s12249-021-01974-3.
Alahmad, M., Beiram, R. and Aburuz, S. (2021) ‘Application of the American College of Cardiology (ACC/AHA) 2017 guideline for the management of hypertension in adults and comparison with the 2014 eighth joint national committee guideline’, Journal of the Saudi Heart Association, 33(1), pp. 16–25. doi:10.37616/2212-5043.1233.
Angeli, F. et al. (2022) ‘Blood pressure increase following COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic overview and meta-analysis’, Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 9(5). doi:10.3390/jcdd9050150.
Baden, L.R. et al. (2021) ‘Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine’, New England Journal of Medicine, 384(5), pp. 403–416. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2035389.
Corbett, K.S. et al. (2020) ‘Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates’, New England Journal of Medicine, 383(16), pp. 1544–1555. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2024671.
Dolgin, E. (2021) ‘The tangled history of mRNA vaccines’, Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02483-w.
Efriza (2021) ‘COVID-19’, BRMJ: Baiturrahmah Medical Journal, pp. 60–68.
Ferrara, F. et al. (2022) ‘COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: A retrospective observational pharmacovigilance study’, Clinical Drug Investigation, 42(12), pp. 1065–1074. doi:10.1007/s40261-022-01216-9.
Harrison, D.G., Coffman, T.M. and Wilcox, C.S. (2021) ‘Pathophysiology of hypertension: The mosaic theory and beyond’, Circulation Research, 128(7), pp. 847–863. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318082.
Kisby, T., Yilmazer, A. and Kostarelos, K. (2021) ‘Reasons for success and lessons learnt from nanoscale vaccines against COVID-19’, Nature Nanotechnology, 16(8), pp. 843–850. doi:10.1038/s41565-021-00946-9.
Mevorach, D. et al. (2021) ‘Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 in Israel’, New England Journal of Medicine, 385(23), pp. 2140–2149. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2109730.
Patone, M. et al. (2022) ‘Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection’, Nature Medicine, 28(2), pp. 410–422. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01630-0.
Sahin, U. et al. (2020) ‘COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 elicits human antibody and TH1 T cell responses’, Nature, 586(7830), pp. 594–599. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2814-7.
Touyz, R.M. et al. (2020) ‘Oxidative stress: A unifying paradigm in hypertension’, Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 36(5), pp. 659–670. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2020.02.081.
Uddin, M.N. and Roni, M.A. (2021) ‘Challenges of storage and stability of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines’, Vaccines, 9(9), pp. 1–9. doi:10.3390/vaccines9091033.
World Health Organization (2021) Hypertension. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension.
World Health Organization (2023) Hypertension. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension.
Zuin, M. et al. (2020) ‘Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis’, Journal of Infection, 81(1), pp. e84–e86. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.059.
Copyright (c) 2026 apt Ainur Rizkiya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
