An Analysis of the Gap Between Targets and Achievements in the Implementation of Renewable Energy Policy in Indonesia
Downloads
Indonesia has set a target for the New and Renewable Energy (NRE) mix of 23% as part of the national energy transition strategy, but its realization is still far below the target. This study aims to analyze the gap between the targets and achievements of the NRE mix in Indonesia using the Implementation Gap Theory from Pressman and Wildavsky. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The results of the study show that the gap between NRE achievements and targets due to the failure of policy implementation is structural and systemic, which is reflected in the disparity in fiscal incentives that still favor fossil energy, limited administrative capacity, policy design that is insufficiently operational, and a high administrative burden in the implementation process. The gap in the NRE mix is the result of accumulated implementation failures at various points in the policy chain, so strengthening implementation capacity and the alignment of policy incentives is the key to narrowing the gap between NRE targets and achievements in Indonesia.
Aditya, I. A., Wijayanto, T., & Hakam, D. F. (2025). Advancing renewable energy in Indonesia: A comprehensive analysis of challenges, opportunities, and strategic solutions. Sustainability, 17(5), 2216.
Araujo, K. (2014). The emerging field of energy transitions: Progress, challenges, and opportunities. Energy Research & Social Science, 1, 112–121.
Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia. (2023). Overview of the results of the examination for the first semester of 2023. BPK RI.
BPPT. (2022). Handbook of energy and economic statistics of Indonesia. Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology.
Dinh, L. Q., Oanh, T. T. K., & Ha, N. T. H. (2025). Financial stability and sustainable development: Perspectives from fiscal and monetary policy. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 30(2), 1724–1741.
Dutu, R. (2016). Challenges and policies in Indonesia’s energy sector. Energy Policy, 98, 513–519.
Fahmi, Y. (2025). Renewable energy development towards Indonesia’s energy transition: Technological innovations for a sustainable future. Journal of Innovation Materials, Energy, and Sustainable Engineering, 2(2), 95–109.
Howlett, M., & Ramesh, M. (2015). Studying public policy: Policy cycles and policy subsystems (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
IEA. (2022). World energy outlook 2022. International Energy Agency.
Imran, H., Iftikhar, H., Gul, A., Ozturk, M., & Altay, V. (2026). Nexus and connections of waste management, energy conservation, and economic development. In Climate change impacts on the water-energy-food nexus (pp. 269–288). Elsevier.
IRENA. (2021). Renewable energy prospects: Southeast Asia. International Renewable Energy Agency.
Maulidia, M., Dargusch, P., Ashworth, P., & Ardiansyah, F. (2019). Rethinking renewable energy targets and electricity sector reform in Indonesia: A private sector perspective. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 101, 231–247.
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia. (2023). Handbook of energy and economic statistics of Indonesia. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources.
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia. (2024). Performance report of the Directorate General of EBTKE in 2024. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources.
OECD. (2020). Regulatory policy outlook 2020. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Olaoye, R. W., Akintaye, I. R., & Ogbebor, I. P. (2025). Financing renewable energy for sustainable development in Nigeria. International Journal of Finance, 38(5), 99–124.
Pressman, J. L., & Wildavsky, A. (1973). Implementation: How great expectations in Washington are dashed in Oakland. University of California Press.
Santika, W. G., Anisuzzaman, M., Simsek, Y., Bahri, P. A., Shafiullah, G. M., & Urmee, T. (2020). Implications of the Sustainable Development Goals on national energy demand: The case of Indonesia. Energy, 196, 117100.
Satrianto, A., Ikhsan, A., Safela, R. A., Gusti, M. A., & Reza, M. (2025). Energy consumption and economic growth: Empirical perspective Asian development countries. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 15.
Shanta, N. A. A., & Adedokun, M. W. (2025). Assessing the influence of economic and environmental transformation drivers on social sustainability in ten major coal-consuming economies. Sustainability, 17(17), 7849.
Sugiyono. (2022). Metode penelitian kualitatif, kuantitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adityo Sumaryadi, Amy Yayuk Sri Rahayu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
