The Relationship Between Hair Zinc Levels, Feeding Patterns, and Infectious Diseases on The Incidence of Stunting in Children Aged 24-59 Months in The City of North Jakarta, Province of DKI Jakarta
Globally, stunting is a severe public health concern, especially in low- and middle-income nations like Indonesia. It is typified by stunted growth and development due to recurrent infections and chronic malnutrition. North Jakarta has a 19.8% stunting incidence, according to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey. This indicates the critical need for additional research into the factors contributing to stunting, such as hair zinc levels, dietary habits, and infectious infections. This study employs an observational case-control design conducted in North Jakarta in March 2024. Stunting incidence and hair zinc levels are significantly correlated (p=0.000), affecting 87.5% of children with low hair zinc levels. Stunting is also correlated considerably (p=0.000) with incorrect feeding patterns; 75.7% of children who exhibit these patterns are stunted. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant correlation (p=0.806) between the incidence of stunting and a history of infectious illnesses. The mother's level of education, the child's age, gender, and family income did not significantly correlate with stunting.
Aguirre Velasco, A., Cruz, I. S. S., Billings, J., Jimenez, M., & Rowe, S. (2020). What are the barriers, facilitators, and interventions targeting help-seeking behaviors for common mental health problems in adolescents? A systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 20, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02659-0
Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Jakarta Utara. (2023). Kota Jakarta Utara Dalam Angka 2023.
Bevis, L., Kim, K., & Guerena, D. (2023). Soil zinc deficiency and child stunting: Evidence from Nepal. Journal of Health Economics, 87, 102691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102691
Bhutta, Z. A. (2017). Global Child Nutrition and the Sustainable Development Goals. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 1(4), 256–257.
Black, R. E., Victora, C. G., Walker, S. P., Bhutta, Z. A., Christian, P., De Onis, M., & Uauy, R. (2013). Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet, 382(9890), 427–451.
De Onis, M., Borghi, E., Arimond, M., Webb, P., Croft, T., Saha, K., … Flores-Ayala, R. (2019). Prevalence thresholds for wasting, overweight, and stunting in children under 5 years. Public Health Nutrition, 22(1), 175–179. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018002434
Desmond, C., & Casale, D. (2017). Catch-up growth in stunted children: Definitions and predictors. PLoS ONE, 12(12), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189135
Dewi, H., Hartaty, N., & Mulyati, D. (2021). Pengetahuan ibu terkait status gizi balita di gampong Pante Gajah. Idea Nursing Journal, 12(2), 32–36.
Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Provinsi DKI Jakarta. (2019). Dokumen Informasi Kinerja Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta.
Flanagan, A., Bechtold, D. A., Pot, G. K., & Johnston, J. D. (2021). Chrono-nutrition: From molecular and neuronal mechanisms to human epidemiology and timed feeding patterns. Journal of Neurochemistry, 157(1), 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15246
Gibson, R. S. (2024). Principles of Nutritional Assessment (3rd Editio). United States of America: Oxford University Press.
Jaryum, K. H., Okoye, Z. S. C., & Stoecker, B. (2018). Hair zinc: an index for zinc status in under-five children from low-income communities in Kanam Area of North-Central Nigeria. Biological Trace Element Research, 183, 183–191.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2019). Laporan Nasional RISKESDAS Tahun 2018. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan (LPB).
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2023. Jakarta: Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan.
Khan, S. T., Malik, A., Alwarthan, A., & Shaik, M. R. (2022). The enormity of the zinc deficiency problem and available solutions; an overview. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15(3), 103668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103668
Kristiani, R., & Mahmudiono, T. (2020). Stunted Toddlers Had Lower Hair Zinc Level Compared to Their Normal Peers: Result from a Case-Control Study in Nganjuk. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 66(Supplement), S103–S106.
Leroy, J. L., & Frongillo, E. A. (2019). Perspective: What Does Stunting Mean? A Critical Review of the Evidence. Advances in Nutrition, 10(2), 196–204. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy101
Noftalina, E., Mayetti, M., & Afriwardi, A. (2019). Hubungan kadar zinc dan pola asuh ibu dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 2–5 tahun di kecamatan panti kabupaten pasaman. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 19(3), 565–569.
Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta. (2021). Rencana Zonasi Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil (RZWP-3-K) Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Jakarta.
Perumal, N., Bassani, D. G., & Roth, D. E. (2018). Use and misuse of stunting as a measure of child health. Journal of Nutrition, 148(3), 311–315. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxx064
Pujiati, W., Nirnasari, M., & Rozalita, R. (2021). Pola Pemberian Makan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Umur 1-36 Bulan. Jurnal Menara Medika, 4(1), 29–35.
Purwandini, S., & Atmaka, D. R. (2023). The Effect of Adequate Zinc Consumption with the Occurrence of Stunting in Indonesia: Literature Review. Media Gizi Kesmas, 12(1), 509–515.
Raiten, D. J., & Bremer, A. A. (2020). Exploring the nutritional ecology of stunting: New approaches to an old problem. Nutrients, 12(2), 371. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020371
Rani, N., Diffah, H., & Sapja, A. (2017). The correlation between zinc source dietary intake and hair's zinc level on stunting incidence at Malang regency primary school students. IEESE International Journal of Science and Technology, 6(2), 1–5.
Scheffler, C., Hermanussen, M., Bogin, B., Liana, D. S., Taolin, F., Cempaka, P. M. V. P., … Pulungan, A. (2020). Stunting is not a synonym for malnutrition. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(3), 377–386. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-019-0439-4
Setiyawati, M. E., Ardhiyanti, L. P., Hamid, E. N., Muliarta, N. A. T., & Raihanah, Y. J. (2024). Studi Literatur: Keadaan Dan Penanganan Stunting Di Indonesia. Ikraith-Humaniora, 2(8).
Torizellia, C., Prihandini, Y. A., Wafroh, S., Bandawati, B., Riyana, A., Khaira, D. S., & Setia, L. (2023). Pemberdayaan Ibu Hamil Melalui Diversifikasi Pangan Lokal Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Stunting Di Kelurahan Sungai Tiung. Kreativitas Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat., 6(8), 3141–3149.
Van der Horst, K., & Sleddens, E. F. (2017). Parenting styles, feeding styles and food-related parenting practices about toddlers' eating styles: A cluster-analytic approach. PLoS ONE, 12(5), e0178149.
Wati, L., & Musnadi, J. (2022). Hubungan Asupan Gizi Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Di Desa Padang Kecamatan Manggeng Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya. Jurnal Biology Education, 10(1), 44–52.
Copyright (c) 2024 Febriana Ramadhani Fitry, Ani Margawati, Ahmad Syauqy, Muflihatul Muniroh, Apoina Kartini
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
