Speech Delay and Excessive Gadget Usage: Understanding Pathophysiology Mechanism and Prevention Target Among Children Population
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i9.1265Keywords:
Gadget Usage, Speech Delay, Children, Pathophysiology, PreventionAbstract
In this state of modern era, usage of electronic gadget has increased excessively with the last ten years. Usage of devices has increased especially among children and adolescent population as a form for information display, education, and entertainment. Problems that arise of electronic gadget usage among children and adolescent population is excessive usage, which defined as usage of gadget over two hours per day. The huge pitfall of this phenomenon is the increasing incident of developmental delay within children population, specifically speech delay. Speech delay development found to be high prevalent in children under five years old, and there are several studies that have discussed correlation between speech delay and excessive usage of gadget. These studies have found that speech delay that led by excessive usage of gadget could occur due to understimulation of certain brain regions that involved in words sensory and recognition, and speech motoric ability, especially during neurodevelopmental period. Understanding of pathophysiology mechanism between speech delay and excessive gadget usage is important for every healthcare provider to educate family and creating preventive strategies from individual, family, and community aspect.
References
Al Hosani, S. S., Darwish, E. A., Ayanikalath, S., AlMazroei, R. S., AlMaashari, R. S., & Wedyan, A. T. (2023). Screen time and speech and language delay in children aged 12–48 months in UAE: a case–control study. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 30(1), 47.
Alamri, M. M., Alrehaili, M. A., Albariqi, W., Alshehri, M. S., Alotaibi, K. B., & Algethami, A. M. (2023). Relationship between speech delay and smart media in children: A systematic review. Cureus, 15(9).
Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, social media & technology 2018.
Brown, C. M., Beck, A. F., Steuerwald, W., Alexander, E., Samaan, Z. M., Kahn, R. S., & Mansour, M. (2016). Narrowing care gaps for early language delay: a quality improvement study. Clinical Pediatrics, 55(2), 137–144.
De las Heras, G., Simón, T., Domínguez, A. B., & González, V. (2022). Reading Strategies for Children with Developmental Language Disorder. Children, 9(11), 1694.
Dewi, P. D. R., Subanada, I. B., Utama, I. M. G. D. L., Artana, I. W. D., Arimbawa, I. M., & Nesa, N. N. M. (2023). The relationship between screen time and speech delay in 1-2-year-old children. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 14(2), 1–6.
Dy, A. B. C., Dy, A. B. C., & Santos, S. K. (2023). Measuring effects of screen time on the development of children in the Philippines: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1261.
Falikman, M. (2021). There and back again: A (reversed) Vygotskian perspective on digital socialization. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 501233.
Feldman, H. M. (2019). How young children learn language and speech. Pediatrics in Review, 40(8), 398–411.
He, X., Hu, J., Yin, M., Zhang, W., & Qiu, B. (2023). Screen media use affects subcortical structures, resting-state functional connectivity, and mental health problems in early adolescence. Brain Sciences, 13(10), 1452.
Houghton, S., Hunter, S. C., Rosenberg, M., Wood, L., Zadow, C., Martin, K., & Shilton, T. (2015). Virtually impossible: limiting Australian children and adolescents daily screen based media use. BMC Public Health, 15, 1–11.
Huber, E., Corrigan, N. M., Yarnykh, V. L., Ramírez, N. F., & Kuhl, P. K. (2023). Language experience during infancy predicts white matter myelination at age 2 years. Journal of Neuroscience, 43(9), 1590–1599.
Huberty, S., O’Reilly, C., Carter Leno, V., Steiman, M., Webb, S., Elsabbagh, M., & Team, B. (2023). Neural mechanisms of language development in infancy. Infancy, 28(4), 754–770.
Hutton, J. S., Dudley, J., Horowitz-Kraus, T., DeWitt, T., & Holland, S. K. (2020). Associations between screen-based media use and brain white matter integrity in preschool-aged children. JAMA Pediatrics, 174(1), e193869–e193869.
Kumar, A., Zubair, M., Gulraiz, A., Kalla, S., Khan, S., Patel, S., Fleming, M. F., Oghomitse-Omene, P. T., Patel, P., & Qavi, M. S. S. (2022). An assessment of risk factors of delayed speech and language in children: a cross-sectional study. Cureus, 14(9).
Liza, M. M., Iktidar, M. A., Roy, S., Jallow, M., Chowdhury, S., Tabassum, M. N., & Mahmud, T. (2023). Gadget addiction among school-going children and its association to cognitive function: a cross-sectional survey from Bangladesh. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 7(1).
Madigan, S., Browne, D., Racine, N., Mori, C., & Tough, S. (2019). Association between screen time and children’s performance on a developmental screening test. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(3), 244–250.
Martins, C. M. de L., Bandeira, P. F. R., Lemos, N. B. A. G., Bezerra, T. A., Clark, C. C. T., Mota, J., & Duncan, M. J. (2020). A network perspective on the relationship between screen time, executive function, and fundamental motor skills among preschoolers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8861.
Morawska, A., Mitchell, A. E., & Tooth, L. R. (2023). Managing screen use in the under-fives: Recommendations for parenting intervention development. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 26(4), 943–956.
Muppalla, S. K., Vuppalapati, S., Pulliahgaru, A. R., & Sreenivasulu, H. (2023). Effects of excessive screen time on child development: an updated review and strategies for management. Cureus, 15(6).
Nathan, T., Muthupalaniappen, L., & Muhammad, N. A. (2022). Prevalence and description of digital device use among preschool children: A cross-sectional study in Kota Setar District, Kedah. Malaysian Family Physician: The Official Journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia, 17(3), 114.
Nugraha, A., Izah, N., Hidayah, S. N., Zulfiana, E., & Qudriani, M. (2019). The effect of gadget on speech development of toddlers. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1175(1), 12203.
Olulade, O. A., Seydell-Greenwald, A., Chambers, C. E., Turkeltaub, P. E., Dromerick, A. W., Berl, M. M., Gaillard, W. D., & Newport, E. L. (2020). The neural basis of language development: Changes in lateralization over age. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(38), 23477–23483.
Ono, Y., Zhang, X., Noah, J. A., Dravida, S., & Hirsch, J. (2022). Bidirectional connectivity between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area during interactive verbal communication. Brain Connectivity, 12(3), 210–222.
Putra, R. A., Ashadi, A., & Aziz, M. F. (2022). Excessive gadget exposure and children speech delay: The case of autism spectrum risk factor. Script Journal: Journal of Linguistics and English Teaching, 7(01), 176–195.
Ramelan, H., Novianti, R., & Kurnia, R. (2019). The effect of gadget use intensity towards the speaking ability of early childhood. Proceedings of the UR International Conference on Educational Sciences, 356–360.
Tsang, S. M. H., Cheing, G. L. Y., Lam, A. K. C., Siu, A. M. H., Pang, P. C. K., Yip, K.-C., Chan, J. W. K., & Jensen, M. P. (2023). Excessive use of electronic devices among children and adolescents is associated with musculoskeletal symptoms, visual symptoms, psychosocial health, and quality of life: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1178769.
Varadarajan, S., Govindarajan Venguidesvarane, A., Ramaswamy, K. N., Rajamohan, M., Krupa, M., & Winfred Christadoss, S. B. (2021). Prevalence of excessive screen time and its association with developmental delay in children aged< 5 years: A population-based cross-sectional study in India. Plos One, 16(7), e0254102.
Vissers, C. T. W. M., Tomas, E., & Law, J. (2020). The emergence of inner speech and its measurement in atypically developing children. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 279.
Voltmer, K., Hormann, O., Pietsch, M., Maehler, C., & Von Salisch, M. (2021). Teaching the teachers about language support strategies: effects on young children’s language development. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 660750.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Jopi Chandra Sindhutomo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.