Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Glycemic Control In Childhood Type 1 DM Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i3.1117Keywords:
Type-1 DM, Children , HbA1c, COVID-19, Pandemic Covid-19Abstract
There has been an increase in cases of diabetic ketoacidosis in children aged 1-14 years from 73% in 2019 to 83% in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. An increase in acute complications of type-1 DM can occur due to lack of compliance with glycemic control and activity restrictions which have the impact of reducing the level of glycemic control in children with type-1 DM. Based on these findings, researchers wanted to know the impact of restrictions on community activities during pandemic on the glycemic control of children with type 1 DM. The aims of this study is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on glycemic control through HbA1c parameters in children with type 1 DM. Methods of this research is a cross sectional study with a sample size of 26 patients. Results are The average age of respondents was 15.58 years. More than half of respondents were female (73.1%). The average duration of suffering from type 1 DM was 4.77 years. More than half of the respondents had a history of diabetic ketoacidosis, 53.8%, and all respondents were Health Insurance (BPJS) participants (100%). There was a decrease in HbA1c levels during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic, namely 12.17 ± 2.60 to 10.32 ± 2.21. Statistically, this decrease means that there is an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on glycemic control through the HbA1c parameter in children with type 1 DM (p<0.05). There was a decrease in HbA1c levels during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic.
References
Alaqeel, A., Aljuraibah, F., Alsuhaibani, M., Huneif, M., Alsaheel, A., Dubayee, M. Al, Alsaedi, A., Bakkar, A., Alnahari, A., Taha, A., Alharbi, K., Alanazi, Y., Almadhi, S., & Khalifah, R. Al. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on the Incidence of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes and Ketoacidosis Among Saudi Children. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.669302
Arrieta, M. I., Foreman, R. D., Crook, E. D., & Icenogle, M. L. (2008). Insuring continuity of care for chronic disease patients after a disaster: Key preparedness elements. American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 336(2), 128–133. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318180f209
Carballo, J. J., Llorente, C., Kehrmann, L., Flamarique, I., Zuddas, A., Purper-Ouakil, D., Hoekstra, P. J., Coghill, D., Schulze, U. M. E., Dittmann, R. W., Buitelaar, J. K., Castro-Fornieles, J., Lievesley, K., Santosh, P., Arango, C., Sutcliffe, A., Curran, S., Selema, L., Flanagan, R., … Aitchison, K. (2020). Psychosocial risk factors for suicidality in children and adolescents. In European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Vol. 29, Issue 6, pp. 759–776). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-01270-9
Chambers, M. A., Mecham, C., Arreola, E. V., & Sinha, M. (2022). Increase in the Number of Pediatric New-Onset Diabetes and Diabetic Ketoacidosis Cases During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Endocrine Practice, 28(5), 479–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2022.02.005
COVID Live Update: 188,556,234 Cases and 4,064,985 Deaths from the Coronavirus - Worldometer. (2021, July 14). https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
Dewi, R., Kaswandani, N., Karyanti, M. R., Setyanto, D. B., Pudjiadi, A. H., Hendarto, A., Djer, M. M., Prayitno, A., Yuniar, I., Indawati, W., Prawira, Y., Handryastuti, S., Sjakti, H. A., Hidayati, E. L., Muktiarti, D., Soebadi, A., Puspaningtyas, N. W., Muhaimin, R., Rahmadhany, A., … Putri, N. D. (2021). Mortality in children with positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test: Lessons learned from a tertiary referral hospital in Indonesia. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 107, 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.019
Fonseca, V. A., Smith, H., Kuhadiya, N., Leger, S. M., Yau, C. L., Reynolds, K., Shi, L., McDuffie, R. H., Thethi, T., & John-Kalarickal, J. (2009). Impact of a natural disaster on diabetes: Exacerbation of disparities and long-term consequences. Diabetes Care, 32(9), 1632–1638. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-0670
Hashemipour, M., Hovsepian, S., Mozafarian, N., Motaghi, Z., Izadikhah, E., & Maracy, M. R. (2021). Factors related to glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Isfahan, Iran. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, 20(2), 1281–1288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00854-8
Kachru Shriya, & Kaul Dinesh. (2020). COVID-19 manifestations in children. Current Medicine Research and Practice, 186–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100433
Misra, A., Ghosh, A., & Gupta, R. (2021). Heterogeneity in presentation of hyperglycaemia during COVID-19 pandemic: A proposed classification. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 15(1), 403–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.01.018
Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar Dalam Rangka Percepatan Penanganan Corona Wrus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), Pub. L. No. Nomor 21, Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia (2020).
Perpanjangan Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Di Wilayah Provinsi Sumatera Barat Dalam Rangka Penanganan Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), Keputusan Gubernur Sumatera Barat Nomor: 180 - 331- 2020 (2020).
Pulungan, A. B., Annisa, D., & Imada, S. (2019). Diabetes melitus tipe-1 pada anak: situasi di Indonesia dan tata laksana Diabetes Melitus Tipe-1 pada Anak : Situasi di Indonesia dan Tata Laksana. In Sari Pediatri (Vol. 20, Issue 6).
Shah, N., Karguppikar, M., Bhor, S., Ladkat, D., Khadilkar, V., & Khadilkar, A. (2021). Impact of lockdown for COVID-19 pandemic in Indian children and youth with type 1 diabetes from different socio-economic classes. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 34(2), 217–223. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2020-0460
Telford, D. M., Signal, D. M., Hofman, P. L., & Gusso, S. (2021). Physical activity in adolescents with and without type 1 diabetes during the new zealand covid-19 pandemic lockdown of 2020. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094475
Tornese, G., Ceconi, V., Monasta, L., Carletti, C., Faleschini, E., & Barbi, E. (2020). Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During COVID-19 Quarantine and the Role of In-Home Physical Activity. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics, 22(6), 462–467. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2020.0169
Verma, A., Rajput, R., Verma, S., Balania, V. K. B., & Jangra, B. (2020). Impact of lockdown in COVID 19 on glycemic control in patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 14(5), 1213–1216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.016
Zhao, Y. miao, Shang, Y. min, Song, W. bin, Li, Q. quan, Xie, H., Xu, Q. fu, Jia, J. li, Li, L. ming, Mao, H. li, Zhou, X. man, Luo, H., Gao, Y. feng, & Xu, A. guo. (2020). Follow-up study of the pulmonary function and related physiological characteristics of COVID-19 survivors three months after recovery. EClinicalMedicine, 25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100463
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Toni Kurniawan, Eka Agustia Rini, Asrawati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
