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Eduvest –
Journal of Universal Studies Volume 3 Number 4, April, 2023 p- ISSN 2775-3735-
e-ISSN 2775-3727 |
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VARIETY TYPES OF NATURAL FOOD FISH USAGE
IN THE GROWTH OF SUPER RED AROWANA FISH (SCLEROPAGES FORMOSUS) |
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Amyda Suryati Panjaitan, Fitriska Hapsari, Margono, Himmah Al-Qoyyimah Politeknik Ahli Usaha Perikanan Jakarta, Indonesia Email: [email protected], [email protected], |
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ABSTRACT |
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This study aims to determine the effect of
giving several types of natural feed and evaluate the best type of feed for thebody length of super red arowana
fish (Scleropages formosus).
This study used the Complete Randomized Design (RAL) method with 3 treatments
and 3 repeats with 3 types of natural feed, namely crickets (A), Hong Kong
caterpillars (B), and white shrimp (C). The maintenance of super red arowana fish is carried out for 70 days with a frequency
of feeding three times a day and given satiation (ad satiation). The
results showed that the feeding of crickets for super red arowana
fish gave the highest length of 0.84±0.08 cm, the highest specific growth
rate of 6.00±0.59%, and the survival
rate (SR) at the end of the study was 100%. The results of measuring
water quality parameters, namely temperatures of 28.7° C -30.4 °C, pH
7.97-8.14, and dissolved oxygen 4.6-5.4 mg.l⁻¹, are in the optimal range for the maintenance of super red arowana fish. |
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KEYWORDS |
super
red arowana fish (scleropages
formosus); natural feed; growth; survival |
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This work is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International |
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INTRODUCTION
Uper red arowana
fish (Scleropages formosus)
is a type of freshwater ornamental fish that is excellent and is endemic to
Kalimantan Island. The natural habitat of super red arowana
is in the Kapuas Hulu river and Lake Sentarum. Very
attractive color, bright scales, large mouth jaws,
and beautiful swimming style, make arowana fish
called the king of the aquarium. Tavip, 1995 in Yue et
al., (2019), said that
although the price is expensive, not a few who like this fish are even believed
to bring luck to their keepers.
The growth of arowana
fish is important in its maintenance, because the selling price of arowana fish is also influenced by the size of the arowana fish. The larger the size of the arowana fish, the more expensive the price (Noviyanti et
al., 2019). Djonu
et al., (2020), said
that feed is a source of nutrition for fish growth and survival. Furthermore, Batu (1982) said in Madinawati et al., (2011), thatutrition is one of
the important factors in the growth of fish used by the body for energy and
metabolism. Super red arowana fish is a carnivorous fish (Yahya et al., 2016) and carnivores require high protein which is
40-55% (Wilson, 2002; NRC, 2011; Oliva-Teles et al., 2015). According to Yue et al., (2019), that
arwana fish requires nutrients that are 46% protein.
Pwill be
given adjusted to arowana fish, where this fish
prefers live feed rather than artificial feed (Medipally et al., 2016). It is said by Ramadlon (2011) in
Pamungkas & Prayogo (2019), that live feed is the main feed for arowana fish as carnivorous fish. According to Apin (2004), the
size of the feed must match the mouth opening of arowana
fish. Arowanas with a size of 20 cm can be fed crickets and
caterpillars (Harianto
& Wibawa, 2009). According to Apin (2004), arowanas with a size of
10-20 cm can be fed, silkworms and frozen bloodworms, then after a size greater
than 20 cm can be given feed for white freshwater shrimp, Hong Kong
caterpillars, crickets, centipedes, cockroaches, and small toads. Based on this
description, the author needs to conduct research on the use
of several types of natural feed that aims to see the influence on the growth of super red arowana
fish (Scleropages formosus)".
This research is expected to be useful as a consideration for choosing the type
of natural feed given as a source of nutrition by arowana
fish farmers or hobbyists. Moreover, this study aims to determine the effect of
giving several types of natural feed and evaluate the best type of feed for thebody length of super red arowana
fish (Scleropages formosus).
RESEARCH
METHOD
The research was carried out from April
9 to June 18, 2022 at the Cultivation Laboratory, Fisheries Business Expert
Polytechnic, South Jakarta. The research method used was a Complete Randomized
Design (RAL) with 3 treatments and 3 repeats, namely feeding A (crickets),
feeding B (Hong Kong caterpillars), and giving pacan
C (shrimp). The test animals used were super red arowana
fish (Scleropages formosus)
measuring between 20.1-21.6 cm as many as 9 heads with a density of stocking 1
head into an aquarium measuring 100 cm x
50 cm x 40 cm, thickness 80 mm, and water level is 25 cm. Measurement of water
quality parameters, namely temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (d isssolved oxygen/ DO) carried out at the time
of preparation or will beflowed into the aquarium is
also carried out periodically during the maintenance period. Water changes are carried out every two days
as much as 20% and once every 2 weeks as much as 50%. The feed given is first cleanedn and dipped with saline at a dosage of 50 g.l⁻¹. Then the feed is given with frequency of giving
three times a day and given as full as possible (ad satiation). Measurements of the length of the body of the
fish are carried out every 2 weeks during the 70-day rearing. The basis for this measurement is in accordance
with the opinion of Said (2005) who states that the parameter for the growth of
ornamental fish is a measure of length and measuringn
is carried out once every two weeks.
Measuring the body length of arowana fish is
done by lowering the aquarium water up to 12 cm and when the arowana fish swims right on the edge of the aquariam, immediately taken pictures, where on the outside
front of the aquarium, a measuring instrument has been installed. The normality test uses the Shapiro-wilk test and youji homogeneity
uses the Homogeneity of Variance Test.
Variance analysis with One-way ANOVA test at 95% confidence
interval. If the ANOVA test results have
a noticeable difference (sig. < 0.05), then continue with the Duncan
test. Then, the data was processed using
Statistical Package and Service Solutions (SPSS) software version 21, to
find out whether there was an influence on each treatment.
RESULT
AND DISCUSSION
Based on the results of length
measurements, it can be seen that superred arowana fish experience long growth. According to Harianto & Wibawa
(2009) which states
that arowana fish at a size of 20 cm can experience
the fastest growth and do not experience changes in anatomy. Thelong growth of
super red arowana fish during the experiment can be
seen in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Length
Grpwth Arowana Fish Super
Red
The highest length pert measurement results are in
treatment A, which is 0.84±0.08 cm. Ptreatment A (0.84±0.0 8 cm), treatment B (0.75±0.09 cm),
and treatment C (0.66±0.08 cm). Cricket feeding shows the highest long pert umbu han, while shrimp feeding showsthe lowest pert umbuh an.
Specific Growth Rate is used to
calculate the increase in length of arowana fish each
day. The graph of the pertumbuhan rate can be seen in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Specific Growth Rate
Based on the results of the calculation
of the specific growth rate of the length of arowana
fish shows that different feedings have a real effect on the growth rate (sig.
<0.05). Growth rate results in treatment A
(6.00±0.59%), treatment B (5.33± 0.65%), and treatment C (4.71±0.59%). The
highest specific growth rate is cricket feeding, namely treatment A, which is
6.00±0.59%. Crickets have a protein
content of 56.02-74.5% (Shilman
et al., 2022), while
according to Wang et al. (2004) in Prastowo et al., (2018),
the value of protein in crickets is 58.3%. So, it can be said that jangkrik
with its high protein can support the growth of arowana
fish better than Hong Kong caterpillars and shrimp. Hong Kong caterpillars have a protein content
of 48% (Haryanto,
2013 in Prastowo et al., 2018). Shrimp has a protein content of 39.59% (Ponnuchamy et al., 1981).
Fat is one source of energy in arowana fish. Arowana requires 5%
fat nutrition (Yue et al., 2019). Carnivorous fish require feed with a fat content
ranging from 4-18% (Hidayat, 2013 in Warsono
et al., 2017). Carnivorous fish have higher
lipase activity than herbivorous and omnivorous fish (Furné et al., 2005).
Higher lipase activity due to food available in its natural habitat. In their
natural habitat, arowanas eat foods with high fat, such as live insects and
smaller fish (Natalia et al., 2004). Crickets
have fat content that suits the nutritional needs of arowana
fish as carnivorous fish. Cricket feed
contains 10.3% fat (Wang et al., 2004 in Prastowo et al., 2018). The fat content of crickets is in accordance
with the fat needs of arowana fish from Hong Kong
caterpillars and shrimp. Hong Kong caterpillars have a fat content of 40% (Haryanto, 2013 in Prastowo et al., 2018). Shrimp has fat of 47.40% (Ponnuchamy et al., 1981).
The eating habits of arowana fish have an effect on the appetite of fish. This
is because arowana fish like feed that is on the
surface of the water becausearowana is a surface feeder fish (Yue et al., 2004). Furthermore, it is said by (Apin, 2004), the shape of the mouth that looks up. Fish interest in feed is important in feeding
(Khasani,
2013). Hong Kong
crickets and caterpillars are live feed that floats or floats, while shrimp immediately sink or
like to be at the bottom of the maintenance container. Types of natural feed crickets, Hong Kong
caterpillars and white shrimp can be seen in Figure 3.
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A |
B |
C |
Figure 3. Feed (A) crickets, (B) Hong Kong
caterpillars, and (C) white shrimp
The survival rate (SR) obtained at the
end of maintenance in treatments A, B, and C is 100%. In addition to feed,
survival is influenced by the quality of water used as a maintenance
medium. Water quality affects the
survival and growth of fish (Effendi et al.,
2006 in Jumaidi et al., 2017). The factor that influences growth is the
tolerance ability of the fish body, where if the habitat is not suitable it willinterfere with growth (Saparinto and Rini,
2011 in Siegers et al., 2019). The survival graph is
presented in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Shack
Treatment
The results ofwater
quality measurements during the study, namely temperature, pH and DO, can be
seen in Table 1.
Table 1.
Water Quality Parameter Measurement
Results
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Parameters |
Treatment |
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A |
B |
C |
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Temperature |
28.7°C -30.4°C |
28.7°C -30.3°C |
28.7°C -30.4°C |
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Ph |
7,97-8,14 |
7,97-8,14 |
7,97-8,13 |
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DO |
4.6-5.4 mg.l⁻¹ |
4.6-5.4 mg.l⁻¹ |
4.6-5.4 mg.l⁻¹ |
The temperature obtained is
28.7°C-30.4°C is at the ideal temperature. This is in accordance with the
opinion of Apin (2004), that the ideal
temperature for arowana fish maintenance is
27°C-30°C. At ideal temperatures, the
growth of arowana fish is not inhibited. Conversely,
fish will lose their appetite and be susceptible to disease at low water
temperatures (Suriansyah,
2014 in Yanuar, 2016). Temperatures that exceed the optimum temperature cause
the metabolic rate to increase so that the energy originally for growth is
diverted to the metabolic rate (Stickney, 1979
in Sihombing &; Usman, 2018).
The pH
measurement results during the study ranged from 7.97-8.14. The pH value is
still at the appropriate pH for arowana fish, which
is 6.5-8.5 (Wardoyo,
1975 in Apriyandi et al., 2021). Inappropriate pH will affect the growth and
survival of arowana fish. But at a low pH that can
still be tolerated, fish will use their energy to survive (Hasanah
et al., 2019). While at high
pH, ammonia formed is not ionized and is toxic (toxic) to fish (Diansari et al.
, 2013) .
The results of
dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements duringthe study
ranged from 4.6-5.4 mg.l⁻¹. The DO value is in the optimal range. According to Apin
(2004), that dissolved oxygen for the maintenance of arowana
fish is at least 3 mg.l⁻¹. The dissolved oxygen content affects the
appetite and growth and continuity of fish.
If dissolved content that is insufficient for fish needs will result in
a decrease in fish activity, one of which is growth (Madinawati et
al., 2011). Appetite is triggered by high dissolved
oxygen (Islami et al.,
2017).
CONCLUSION
Based on the research results, the conclusions
are; (1) the use of different types of natural feed has a
significant effect on the increase in length and specific growth rate. Crickets
in treatment A gave the highest pert umb uhan length (0.84±0.08
cm) and also gave the highest
specific growth rate (6.00±0.59%), (2) the
survival rate (SR) of super red arowana fish (Scleropages formosus)
obtained at the end of the study was 100% in treatment A, B and C, and (3) the
results of water quality measurements during the study were in the optimal
range for the maintenance of super red arowana fish,
namely temperatures of 28.7 ° C -30.4 ° C, pH 7.97-8.14, and dissolved oxygen
4.6-5.4 mg.l⁻¹.
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