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Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies Volume 3 Number 4, April, 2023 p- ISSN 2775-3735-
e-ISSN 2775-3727 |
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THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIOR OF
IMPLEMENTING HEALTH PROTOCOLS FOR MOTHERS OF TODDLER DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC |
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Aben BYH Romana,
Fransiskus
Salesius Onggang, Gladur Blasius, Susana Emo Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Indonesia Email:
[email protected], [email protected], |
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ABSTRACT |
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The low awareness of mothers about
implementing health protocols will have an impact on toddlers. The
incidence of COVID-19 at the Wuhan China children's hospital reached 10.6% in
toddlers, in Indonesia it was 2.9%, in East Nusa Tenggara there were 858
toddlers and at the Sikumana Health Center in Kupang City in 2020 6 toddlers,
and in 2021 it increased to 70 toddlers. The study aims to find out relationship between the
level of knowledge and behavior in implementing health protocols for mothers
under five in the working area of the Sikumana Health Center, Kupang City. This type of research method is an analytical quantitative research approachCross sectional study
and using a parametric test, namely the chi-square test. Results of study shows most of the
level of knowledge and behavior in implementing health protocols for mothers
under five is in the good category. Statistical test resultsshows a p value of 0.000
< Alpha 0.05 meaning that there is a significant correlation or
relationship betweenthe level
of knowledge and behavior of mothers with toddlers regarding the
implementation of health protocols at posyandu, Oepura village, Sikumana
health center, Kupang City. There is a relationshipbetweenthe level of knowledge and behavior of mothers
with toddlers about implementing health protocolsin the working area of the Sikumana health
center, Kupang city. It is hoped that the knowledge of mothers under
five about implementing health protocols will be well maintained and those
who still have sufficient and insufficient knowledge need to be increased |
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KEYWORDS |
level of knowledge; mothers
of toddlers;
behavior of implementing health protocols |
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This work is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International |
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INTRODUCTION
Corona
virus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic, because its spread has spread
worldwide and has resulted in a threat to society in terms of health, economy
and society. This is due to the fact that this disease is new, so much
knowledge about this new virus is not available (Siti, 2021). A
continuous increase in COVID-19 cases, because there are still many found in
the community who are less concerned about maintaining health and lack
awareness in implementing health protocols (Hanggara et al.,
2021). The low awareness of parents, in this case mothers, in
implementing health protocols will also have an impact on toddlers. Because the
family is the smallest unit in the order of life. Therefore, the first
education starts from the family and what is applied by the family or mother
will be followed by the toddler. So the role of mothers in protecting children
during the COVID-19 pandemic is very important. The incidence of COVID-19 in
children's hospitals in Wuhan China with severe and critical symptoms is 10.6%
in aged children < 1 year, 1-5 years (7.3%). Half of children with critical
Covid-19 are toddlers who are less than 5 years old (Cynthia et al.,
2022).
The
Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI) in 2020 stated that there were
11,000 Indonesian toddlers who were exposed to the COVID-19 virus, with a
mortality rate of children under 1 month of age (13%), ages up to 1 year (23%),
and children aged 1-5 year (24%) (Giri, 2021). Based on data from the task
force for handling COVID-19 in Indonesia as of 11 August 2021, the total number
of COVID-19 in toddlers aged 0-5 years was 2.9% and 0.5% of them diedworld.
According to data from UNICEF and the Indonesian pediatrician association,
entering the Covid-19 pandemic, real data shows that there has been an increase
in under-five deaths of around 50% (Fredy et al., 2021).
COVID-19 cases in children in NTT are of
particular concern as in other regions in Indonesia where positive confirmed
cases of COVID-19 in NTT totaled 858 toddlers aged 0-5 years (Ministry of Health,
2021).
Data
obtained from the Sikumana health center in Kupang city, namely the total
number of confirmed COVID-19 patients in 2020 was 137 people, and in 2021 there
were 2,359 people with a total of 4 people who died in 2020 and 52 people in
2021. Meanwhile, the number of toddlers who were confirmed positive for the
corona virus in 2020 totaled 6 toddlers and for 2021 70 toddlers (Covid-19 Data
Manager at the Sikumana Health Center, Kupang City)
The low
implementation of health protocols is due to a lack of awareness and
indifference from all elements, according to a study conducted by (Novalia &
Handayani, 2021) that most
people have not implemented health protocols properly and correctly. This is
because many people believe the news spread on the internet but cannot be
justified for its truth.
Based on
the results of interviews with 10 mothers of toddlers at the Posyandu Kasih,
Oepura subdistrict, Sikumana Health Center, Kupang city, that six respondents
said they did not know and did not implement the COVID-19 health protocol. Only
four respondents said they knew and implemented the COVID-19 health protocol.
The key to
success in breaking the chain of transmission of COVID-19 is complying with the
health protocols set by the government. The family, in this case the mother, is
an important pillar in looking after other family members, for example
toddlers, by making various creative and innovative efforts, especially for
children who are in golden age will be very easy to imitate and receive stimulation
(Cynthia et al.,
2022).
Therefore,
mother's knowledge about implementing health protocols is very important in
order to properly implement COVID-19 prevention measures. Because knowledge
will affect the behavior of implementing health protocols, where high knowledge
can produce a positive attitude in protective measures against COVID-19, and
vice versa mothers who do not have knowledge related to implementing health
protocols will have an impact on their behavior in implementing health
protocols (Yunianto et al.,
2020).
So the
role of the family, especially mothers who spend a lot of time with toddlers,
has an important influence in preventing COVID-19. Specifically, the mother's
role in preventing COVID-19 in children is to protect and ensure that all
family members adopt a clean and healthy lifestyle, by implementing health
protocols such as washing hands as often as possible, using masks if they have
to do activities outside the home and maintaining a safe distance or social
distancing, consuming healthy food and getting enough rest (Yunianto et al.,
2020). Another way that can be done by parents in maintaining
the health of their children is by habituating clean and healthy living
behavior in the home environment (Gori, 2022).
Based on
the description above, the study aims to exame the relationship between knowledge level
and behavior in implementing health protocols for mothers under five during the
COVID-19 pandemic in the working area of the Sikumana Health Center, Kupang
City.
RESEARCH
METHOD
This type of research is quantitative analytic research with a
cross-sectional study approach (Creswell & Creswell, 2017). The research instrument used a questionnaire consisting
of a questionnaire on the level of knowledge of toddler mothers and the
behavior of toddler mothers regarding the implementation of health protocols.
The population in this study ismothers of toddlers in posyandu of Oepura
village in the working area of the Sikumana health center, Kupang city with a
total of 181 mothers of toddlers and the sample size used was 125 mothers of
toddlers. Data analysis in this study uses the SPSS application and research
ethics, namely maintaining privacy and anonymity.
RESULT
AND DISCUSSION
General
data
Age
Table 1
Age of Respondents
|
Characteristics |
Frequency |
Percentage (%) |
|
20-30 |
63 |
50 |
|
31-40 |
40 |
32 |
|
41-50 |
21 |
17 |
|
51-60 |
1 |
1 |
|
Total |
125 |
100 |
(Source: Research Primary Data)
Table 1 shows that the age of the
most respondents at the Sikumana health center Posyandu, Kupang, Oepura
village, was at the age of 20-30 years as many as 63 respondents (50%), and the
smallest respondent at the age of 51-60 years was 1 respondent (1%).
Educational
Background
Table
2
Educational
Background of Respondents
|
Characteristics |
Frequency |
Percentage
(%) |
|
Elementary School |
21 |
17 |
|
Junior High
School |
42 |
34 |
|
Senior High
School |
40 |
32 |
|
Bachelor |
21 |
17 |
|
Ungraduated |
1 |
1 |
|
Total |
125 |
100 |
(Source:
Research Primary Data)
Table 2 shows that the last education of the most respondents
was junior high school as many as 42 respondents (34%). And the last education
of the few respondents was that 1 respondent (1%) did not graduate.
Occupation
Table
3
Occupation
of Respondents
|
Characteristics |
Frequency |
Percentage (%) |
|
Housewife |
107 |
86 |
|
Teacher |
15 |
12 |
|
Private sctor |
3 |
2 |
|
Total |
125 |
100 |
(Source: Research Primary Data)
Table 3 shows that the type of work most respondents are IRT
as many as 107 respondents (86%).
Custom data
Knowledge
level
Table
4
Knowledge level
of Respondents
|
Knowledge level |
Frequency |
Percentage (%) |
|
Good |
107 |
86 |
|
Enough |
16 |
13 |
|
Not enough |
2 |
2 |
|
Total |
125 |
100 |
(Source: Research Primary Data)
Shows the level of knowledge
of mothers with toddlers about implementing health protocolsIn the Working
Area of the Sikumana Health Center, Kupang City, in June 2022, 107
respondents were included in the good category
(86%),
sufficient category 16 respondents (13%) and less category 2 respondents (2%).
Table 5
Behavior of
implementing health protocols results
|
Behavior of implementing
health protocols |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
Good |
84 |
66 |
|
Enough |
41 |
33 |
|
Bad |
0 |
0 |
|
Total |
125 |
100 |
(Source: Research Primary Data)
Showing Behavior of Implementing Health Protocols in toddler mothersincluded in the
good category as many as 84 respondents (66%), sufficient category 41
respondents (33%), and no one is categorized as bad
Table 6
level of knowledge and behavior of toddler mother
|
level of knowledge |
behavior |
P value |
||||||
|
|
Good |
Enough |
Bad |
|
||||
|
|
F |
% |
F |
% |
F |
% |
|
|
|
Good |
83 |
100 |
14 |
58.5 |
0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Enough |
0 |
0.0 |
16 |
100.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.000 |
|
|
Bad |
0 |
0.0 |
1 |
50.0 |
2 |
100.0 |
|
|
Statistical test
results using Chi Square analysis obtained a significance value or Sig.
(2-tailed) of (ρ.000) because the value of Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 < smaller
than 0.05 meansthere is a significant correlation or relationship betweenthe level of knowledge and
behavior of mothers with toddlers regarding the implementation of health
protocols at posyandu, Oepura village, Sikumana health center, Kupang City
Discussion
Characteristics
of Toddler Mothers
The results of
his research showed that the age of most respondents was between 20-30 years,In general, the age or age
of the mother can indicate the level of maturity or maturity in solving a
problem at hand, including when determining or making decisions to implement
health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic. Because age can affect one's
comprehension and thinking patterns, this is where, the older you get, the more
one's understanding and thinking patterns will develop (Kartikasari, 2020).
Furthermore, the
latest education shows that mothers of toddlers who are the most respondents
are junior high school as many as 42 respondents.Education can affect the level of
mother's knowledge. This means that one of the factors that influence mother's
knowledge is the level of education, where a higher level of education can
influence a person's perception to make it easier to make decisions and act (Kartikasari, 2020). Education is the main factor determining a person's level
of knowledge where the higher the level of education the better the way of
thinking in the decision-making process. According to the researcher's
assumption that the higher the mother's education, the better it is in
protecting her child, especially the health of toddlers because the health and
illness of toddlers depends on how the mother cares for or protects toddlers.
Data based on
the type of work shows that most of the respondents are housewives.Work is something that is
done by humans for a specific purpose that is done in a good and right way.
Age, level of education and work can have an influence on the level of
knowledge of the mother, because the older you are, the more you develop your
comprehension and mindset (Desi, 2020).
Knowledge Level of Toddler Mothers
The research
results found thatthe highest level of knowledge about
implementing the health protocol for toddler mothers is included in the good
category. The results of this study are supported by previous research by (Munir, et al, 2022) regarding
the relationship between knowledge about COVID-19 and adherence to the
application of visitor health protocols, the results of the study areas many as 83
respondents (35%) the level of knowledge of respondents is good. In addition to
the results of research conducted by (Munir, 2022) results
of research conducted by (Kartikasari, 2020) also
supports this research entitled the relationship between level of knowledge and
adherence to health protocols during the Covid-19 pandemic in pregnant women,
the results of the research are respondents who have good knowledge.
The
first factor influencing knowledge is experience, this can be obtained from
one's own experience or that of others. For example, if a family member has
been exposed to COVID-19, then they will know more about what to do if they are
exposed to COVID-19, as well as a mother when she has been confirmed with
COVID-19, so she will protect and look after her toddler by strictly
implementing the health protocol. Both
levels of education, people who have broad insight then have a good level of
knowledge. Likewise, on the other hand, people who have low knowledge have
minimal or below average levels of knowledge.
According to the assumptions of the researchers interpreted from the
results of this study, it shows that the level of knowledge of mothers under
five is in the category of knowing and understanding which means that mothers
under five know about implementing good health protocols, namely washing hands
with soap for 20 seconds, wearing masks when in public places and conducting
independent isolation if confirmed positive for COVID-19. Why is it categorized
as knowing and understanding because the application of health protocols to
toddlers is still low which is in accordance with the data on an increase in
COVID-19 in toddlers in the Sikumana Health Center Work Area, Kupang City.
Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the knowledge of mothers in
caring for and protecting children or toddlers from corona virus infection, not
only knowing but having to apply it with real action.
Health Protocol Implementation Behavior
The results of the study found
that the behavior of implementing health protocols for toddler mothers was
included in the good category. The results of this study are supported by
previous research conducted by (Teuku, 2022) entitled Knowledge, attitudes and
behavior of the community in implementing the Covid-19 prevention health
protocolshows that most people's behavior in implementing
the COVID-19 prevention health protocol is in the good category.
Behavior is the result of the
interaction between knowledge, attitudes and actions. Mother's behavior in
implementing health protocols greatly affects the health and illness of toddlers.
Because when a toddler gets sick, it is the mother who takes care of everything
because the toddler is sick, it will hinder all activities or work from the
mother, so one way to keep toddlers healthy during the COVID-19 pandemic is the
behavior of implementing the mother's health protocol. Because there has been
an increase in cases of COVID-19 in the last two years in the working area of
the Sikumana Health Center, Kupang City, it requires mothers to be alert in
toddler health. Because, Mother's behavior will influence behavior in carrying
out and implementing health protocols for toddlers. Where Behavior based on knowledge will last longer than behavior that is not
based on knowledge.
The relationship between the level of knowledge of
mothers under five about the behavior of implementing health protocols
Based on the results of statistical tests using the SPSS application
with a ρ value of 0.00 <0.005, it means that there is a significant
relationship between the level of knowledge of mothers under five about the
behavior of implementing health protocols in the Work Area of the Sikumana
Health Center, Kupang City. The results of this study are supported by research
conducted by (Sari & Utami, 2021) entitled the relationship between the level of knowledge and
attitude in implementing health protocols, the results of the study showed that
there was a very strong and unidirectional significant relationship between
knowledge about COVID 19 and the behavior of implementing health protocols with
a significance value or Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000, because the value of Sig.
(2-tailed) 0.000 < smaller than 0.0. that there is a relationship between
the level of knowledge and adherence to health protocols. Research results from (Mulyati
Dini, Tahlil Teuku, 2022) entitled Knowledge,
attitudes and behavior of the community in implementing the health protocol for
preventing Covid-19. The results of his research found that community behavior
in implementing the health protocol for preventing COVID-19 was in the good
category.
Knowledge is the result of human sensing, or the result of knowing
someone about an object through the senses they have either through the eyes,
nose and so on. From the results of this study, most of the knowledge of
mothers with toddlers about implementing health protocols is good, but this is
out of sync with the increase in cases of COVID-19 in toddlers because good knowledge
may not be in line with actions that reflect that mothers can practice
implementing health protocols properly, for example when coming home from
outside the house before touching toddlers should wash hands and change clothes
worn with clean ones.
Furthermore, knowledge of toddler mothers about health is an important
aspect before the occurrence of health behavior. where the better the mother's
knowledge, the behavior is also good. The results of this study indicate that
the behavior of mothers under five in implementing health protocols is mostly
good.The key behavioral
factors are predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs), realization
factors (facilities), and reinforcement factors, namely support from the
surrounding community. Any behavior in the form of concrete actions from a
person is an awareness of its importance to one's health and life (Mulyati,
2022). Behavior is a response or reaction to stimuli or stimuli
from outside. Because of this understanding, it can be concluded that the
occurrence of health behavior is due to open habits related to health
maintenance, health recovery and awareness of the importance of health (Pakpahan, 2021).
The author's assumption is that the behavior of toddler
mothers will be well developed if they have experienced COVID-19 in their own
mothersbut it is also a dilemma for mothers who are affected
by COVID-19 and their babies who are still breastfed, it will also be very
difficult to separate mothers from their babies because many toddlers do not
want to be separated from their mothers during quarantine which is quite long
for approximately 14 days. So mothers must be able to apply health protocols
properly and when they want to touch or give their child breast milk. Because
toddlers who get COVID-19 are usually transmitted from mothers or people who
carry them without good health protocols.
CONCLUSION
The conclusion of study are; (1) characteristics
of mothers under five based on age are mostly at the age of 20-30 years, the
most recent education is junior high school education and the most types of
work are housewives, (2) the level of knowledge of mothers under five about
implementing health protocols in the Sikumana Health Center Work Area, Kupang
City is in the good category, (3) the behavior of implementing health protocols
by mothers under five in the Work Area of the Sikumana Health Center, Kupang
City, is in the good category, and (4) there is a relationship between the
level of knowledge and behavior of mothers with toddlers regarding the
implementation of health protocols at posyandu, Oepura village, Sikumana health
center, Kupang City.
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