Eduvest � Journal of Universal Studies Volume 2, Number 11, November, 2022 p- ISSN 2775-3735- e-ISSN 2775-3727
DELINEATION OF THE HERITAGE CITY OF SUMBAWA BESAR
Tri Satriawansyah, Rusdi Mahardi Universitas Samawa (UNSA), Sumbawa Besar, Indonesia Email: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Pusaka is a relic from the past that has historical value, contains the quality of thought, and has a very important role in the social dimension of human life. Therefore, heritage has a strong influence on the architectural style that is unique to a city. Heritage City can be interpreted as a city in which there are cultural heritage areas and/or cultural heritage buildings that have important values for the city. So that the city places the implementation of heritage planning and preservation activities as the main strategy for developing the city. The parameters used in preparing the heritage city delineation consist of three, namely heritage assets or buildings, social-economy and patterns of relationships/interactions. Based on the results of the classification of heritage city areas, a Heritage City Delineation Map can be compiled. The heritage city delineation is divided into three zones, namely the Core Zone with an area of 11.13 ha, the Supporting Zone with an area of 29.97 ha, and the Buffer Zone with an area of 16.54 ha. The heritage assets included in the Core Zone are the Dalam Loka Palace, the Sultanate Mosque, Bala Puti, Kokar Dano, the Information Office, and the Mina Mano Restaurant. The heritage assets that are included in the Support Zone are Bala Kuning Palace, Bala Datu Ranga, Ex Public Works Office, Bala Batu Ode, Animal Health Office, Doctor's House, Bala Datu Arong, PO Bus Together, Paksing, Japanese Tangsi, and High Builder (New Bud Shop). While the heritage assets inside the Buffer Zone are the Horse Race Field (Prags Field) and Ai Awak.
KEYWORDS	Heritage; sumbawa besar; social economy
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INTRODUCTION

Heritage City can be interpreted as a city in which there are cultural heritage areas and/or cultural heritage buildings that have important values for the city. (Arlansyah et al., 2021). So that the city places the implementation of heritage planning and preservation activities as the main strategy for developing the city (Pamungkas et al., 2020).

In line with the Cultural Heritage Law, which states that preservation is the protection, development and use of cultural heritage objects, including cultural heritage buildings (Ibrahim & Sutarna, 2018). The paradigm of preserving heritage assets is expected to contribute to the quality of urban space, maintain its superior value, and become a place for city residents' activities as a form of city identity. Economic empowerment in this case is the existence of community initiatives to maintain and utilize heritage assets for economic purposes (Wahyudi et al., 2019).

The dynamics of the growth of cities in Indonesia is motivated by various urban aspects such as population growth, the economy, transportation and communication networks, advances in science and technology (IPTEK) and so on. (Jannah & Safnowandi, 2018). These various aspects will certainly bring changes to the use and use of land as well as environmental functions in urban areas. In addition, these various dynamics will also directly or indirectly affect changes in the architectural characteristics of the city (Kusnayadi et al., 2019). One way to protect or maintain the architectural characteristics of the city is to know in advance the assets in the city in the form of artifacts (historical buildings) that can be used as urban heritage. (Satriawansyah, 2017).

Sumbawa Besar as a city that continues to improve and develop has city heritage assets that need to be preserved and has the potential to be developed as a regional cultural tourism object (Qonitat, 2020). Regency/city governments, in this case as regional development organizers and decision makers, play a key role in the preservation of cultural heritage areas (Andriani, 2019). Preservation of cultural heritage needs to be supported by the development of cities that respect the existence of cultural heritage and make it an important part of decision making (Rayes, 2018). Therefore, in an effort to maintain and optimize the heritage city area, it is necessary to prepare a delineation of the Sumbawa Besar heritage city (Manca, 1984).

The preparation of the Heritage City Delineation is intended as one of the efforts to encourage the realization of heritage cities through increasing the quality and quantity of heritage areas in accordance with the characteristics of Sumbawa Besar heritage cities (Syafikri et al., 2020). �

������������� The purpose of compiling heritage city delineations is compiling delineations or depictions of important things that are poured on a map in the form of lines or symbols. The goals to be achieved in the Delineation of Heritage City, Sumbawa Besar are;

1) Spatial database for heritage cities, Sumbawa Besar;

2) Compilation of Delineation Map of Heritage City, Sumbawa Besar.

RESEARCH METHOD

Method of collecting data

The data collected in the activity of compiling the heritage city delineation was obtained through primary and secondary surveys.

- Primary survey;

Data were obtained through field surveys and direct interviews with witnesses/historical actors and observers of the history of the Sumbawa sultanate.

- Secondary survey;

Data is obtained by collecting or compiling documents related to the projects/activities carried out, area maps, coordinates of heritage assets, as well as maps and documents of the distribution of heritage assets.

Data Processing/Analytic Methods

The stages of data analysis or processing in the implementation of this activity are described in the form of an analytical framework diagram as follows:

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The city of Sumbawa Besar has the potential to be developed as a heritage city. Theoretically, there are many factors that influence the development of heritage cities, but in order to compile the development of heritage cities, it is necessary to determine the delineation and determine the influential factors in determining the direction of heritage city development.

Delineation is a method used to determine the zoning of the Heritage City area. The first stage in carrying out this analysis is to classify the empire's areas into several categories which historically describe the conditions of social and economic life in the periodization of the sultanate era. (Mashabai & Gumelar, 2021).

The description of historical conditions is an elaboration of data obtained through interviews with related parties as well as supporting documents related to the city's heritage. These qualitative data are then spatialized and applied in the form of a map.

The parameters used in the preparation of the delineation of the City of Sumbawa Besar consist of 3 (three), namely heritage assets or buildings, social-economy and patterns of relationships/interactions. Heritage building assets, socio-economic and relationship patterns can be seen in the following table:

Table 1

Periodization of the Sultanate and Independence (Swapraja and Swatantra)

PERIODIZATION	BUILDING	SOCIAL ECONOMY	RELATIONSHIP PATTERNS
Sultan Jalaluddin III (1883 � 1931)	- Inner Palace (1885)	- Pregas/Lap field. Horse racing	- There is no access in the form of an asphalt road, but there is already a bridge made of wood
	- Sultanate Mosque (1885)	- Ball Room/D12Dance or Show Arena (1925)
	- Bala Datu Ranga (1886)
	- Bala Datu Arong	- Traveling Merchant
	- Ai Crew	- Barter
	- Office of the Dutch Controller/ PM Datu Ranga (1905)
	- Bala Batu Ode (1927)
	- Kokar Dano (1885)
	- Perumtel Office (1901)
Sultan Kaharuddin III (1931 � 1958)	- Bala Puti Palace (1932)	- Baitani Church (1957)	- There is no access in the form of an asphalt road, only in the form of earth pavement. There are already two bridges, namely the bridge that is located in front of the PM Office and in front of the BNI Bank Office
	- Yellow Bala Palace (1940)	- Market I (Shop 77)
	- Regent Office (Swapraja)/ Bank NTB (1950)	- Tall Builder (New Sprout Shop)
		- Japanese Tangsi (Old Dormitory)
	- Animal Health Office	- Liong Kun Ice Factory (BNI)
	- Public Works Office	- Thumb Pier/Harbor
		- Regional General Hospital (RSUD)
		- Chinese School (SMPN 2)
		- People's School (SDN 1)
Independence (Swapraja/Swatantra 1950 - 1974)	- Information Office	- Market II (Hj. Mo Shop - Tugu Mas)	- There is already an asphalt road, which is along Jl. Dr. Wahidin - Jl. Kartini
	- PDM (Military Regional Police) / Side of Pelni	- Buginese terminals
		- Doctor's House
	- Pelni Office	- PO bus. Together, Paksing
		- Happy Inn
		- PO bus. Together, Paksing
		- Mina Mano Restaurant
		- Perfect Hotel
		- Kampung Poto Cinde
		- Hand Cut House (Rainbow Nusantara Shop)
		- Perfect Hotel
Source:
- Interview: - M. Natsir (Daeng Ace)
- Interview: Nanang Satriajaya (Born 1950)
- Tri Satriawansyah (Regional Library Archives, 2017)
- LATS (Tana Samawa Customary Institution)
- www.sumbawakab.go.id	- www.sumbawakab.go.id
- ihinsolihin.wordpress.com

Classification of the Sultanate Region

Era of Sultan Muhammad Jalaluddin

Some heritage assets in the form of buildings built during the reign of Sultan Muhammad Jalaluddin are as follows:

� Palace in Loka (1885)

� The Sultanate Mosque (1885)

� Bala Datu Ranga (1886)

� Bala Datu Arong

� Ai Crew

� Office of the Dutch Controller/Office of PM Datu Ranga (1905)

� Bala Batu Ode (1927)

� Kokar Dano (1885)

� Perumtel Office (1901)

Heritage assets in the form of socio-economic buildings built during the reign of Sultan Muhammad Jalaluddin are as follows:

� Horse Race Course/ Pragas Field

� Ball Room/Dance Arena (show arena)

The following patterns:

�Relationship Pattern of Government System in the Era of Sultan Jalaluddin II

Era of Sultan Muhammad Kaharuddin III (1931 - 1959)

Sultan Muhammad Kaharuddin III was the last sultan of the Bantan Dewa Dalam Bawa dynasty (Mas) to replace his father, Sultan Muhammad Jalaluddin III, who died in 1931. After his appointment, Sultan Muhammad Kaharuddin began his duties. The structure of government is as follows:

A. Dewa Masmawa: Sultan Muhammad Kaharuddin III

B. Tana' Samawa:�

1. Datu Ranga Muhammad Saleh DaEng Manessa

2. Datu Dipati Abdul Majid DaEng Matutu

In 1937, both Ministers resigned. Until 1942 the position of Minister of the kingdom became vacant. As a replacement, Haji Abdullah Lalu Tunruang was appointed.

Some heritage assets in the form of buildings built during the reign of Sultan Muhammad Kaharuddin III are as follows:

� Bala Puti Palace (1932)

� Bala Kuning Palace (1940)

� Regent's Office (Swapraja-Swatantra/ Bank NTB) (1950)

� Animal Health Office

� Public Works Office

Heritage assets in the form of socio-economic buildings built during the reign of Sultan Muhammad Kaharuddin III are as follows:

� Baitanian Church

� Market I (Shop 77)

� Tall Builder (New Sprout Shop)

� Japanese barracks (Old Dormitory)

� Liong Kun Ice Factory (BNI)

� Thumb/Port

� Chinese School (SMPN 2)

� People's School (SDN 1)

Relationship Pattern of Government System in the Era of Sultan Kaharuddin III

Periodization of the Era of Independence

In the era of independence (self-governing/swatantra), some of the assets in the form of heritage buildings are as follows:�

� Information Office

� PDM (Military Regional Police)

� PELNI Office

Heritage assets in the form of socio-economic buildings built during the independence period (self-governing/swatantra) are as follows:

� Market II (Tugu Mas Shop and its surroundings)

� Buginese terminals

� Doctor's House

� PO bus. Together/paking

� Mina MAno Restaurant

� Perfect Hotels

� Hand Abattoir (Rainbow Nusantara Shop)

The distribution of heritage and socio-economic building assets during the independence period (self-governing/swatantra) can be seen in the following figure:

Pattern of Relations between the Sultanate Regional System and ethnic areas

Classification of Heritage City Areas into 4 (four) areas�

A. Private Area

It is the core area of the empire. In the era of the sultanate this area was the center of the kingdom.��

B. Semi Private Area

This area is outside the private area with the start of a mix of activities and interactions between the center of the sultanate and socio-economic administration.

C. Public Areas

This area is the center of social and economic activity

D. Semi-Public Area

Besides this area being the center of social activity, this area is also the center of government (Prime Minister/Datu Ranga)

Heritage City Delineation

Based on the results of the classification of heritage city areas, a Heritage City Delineation Map can be compiled. The delineation of heritage cities is only focused on areas within Kokar Dano. The heritage city delineation is divided into three zones, namely the Core Zone, Supporting Zone, and Buffer Zone.

Each area and zone boundaries can be seen in the following table and figure:

Table of area and coordinates of heritage city delineation

Zone	Large (ha)	Heritage Assets	Coordinate
			Lat	Long
Core	11,13	- Inner Palace	�-8.504260�	117.427336�
		- The Sultanate Mosque	�-8.504380�	117.426395�
		- Bala Puti	�-8.502432�	117.425603�
		- Kokar Dano	�-8.500670�	117.425796�
		- Information Office	�-8.501435�	117.424943�
		- Mina Mano Restaurant	�-8.500709�	117.426434�
Supporters	29,97	- Yellow Bala Palace	�-8.501175�	117.426861�
		- Bala Datu Ranga	�-8.506132�	117.427039�
		- Former Public Works Office	�-8.501012�	117.426906�
		- Ode Stone Bala	�-8.500823�	117.426955�
		- Animal Health Office	�-8.501668�	117.426803�
		- Doctor's House	�-8.501872�	117.427241�
		- Bala Datu Arong	�-8.503531�	117.426735�
		- Joint PO Bus, Paksing	�-8.502010�	117.426695�
		- Japanese barracks	�-8.505995�	117.425395�
		- Tall Builder (New Sprout Shop)	�-8.501420�	117.424584�
		�
Buffer	16,54	- Horse Race Course / Pragas Field	�-8.500046�	117.428303�
		- Ai Crew	�-8.504391�	117.430215�
Score	57,64

CONCLUSION

The conclusion obtained from the preparation of the heritage city delineation is that the total area of the heritage city delineation is 57.64 ha. Of this area, there are 6 (six) heritage assets spread across the core zone area with a total core zone area of 11.13 ha. There are 10 (ten) city heritage assets scattered in the supporting zone area with a total supporting zone area of 29.97 ha. In addition, there are 2 (two) heritage assets that are included in the buffer zone with a total area of 16.54 ha;

The City of Sumbawa Besar has urban heritage assets that are physically and historically feasible to be developed and revitalized.

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