How to cite:
Brian Priyangga, Sarwi, Arif Widiyatmoko. (2022). Implementation of
E-Comics to Grow Environmental Literacy ssing Outdoor Learning
Methods in the New Normal Time. Journal of Eduvest. Vol
(Number): Page 1917-1930
E-ISSN:
2775-3727
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https://greenpublisher.id/
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2 Number 9, September, 2022
p- ISSN 2775-3735 - e-ISSN 2775-3727
IMPLEMENTATION OF E-COMICS TO GROW
ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY USING OUTDOOR
LEARNING METHODS IN THE NEW NORMAL TIME
Brian Priyangga
1
, Sarwi
2
, Arif Widiyatmoko
3
Universitas Negeri Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
123
Email: [email protected]
1
,
2
3
ABSTRACT
The implementation of e-comic development is based on the
low level of environmental literacy due to the lack of training
and incomplete material in the textbook, so that students are
not accustomed to being skilled in carrying out environmental
literacy in the surrounding environment, especially during the
COVID-19 pandemic and in inclusive education. The research
method in this article is a systematic literature review. The
purpose of developing e-comic is to produce learning media
used independently by students to foster environmental
literacy in grade 4 Elementary School. This environmental
literacy hopes that students can achieve goals such as: (1)
Awareness (increasing individual awareness, and sensitivity
to the environment), (2) Knowledge (gaining experience in
gaining a basic understanding of the environment), (3)
Attitude (increasing feelings and values of caring for the
environment, as well as motivation to actively participate in
environmental protection), (4) Skills (increasing skills to solve
environmental problems), (5) Participation (actively involved
in the community in efforts to solve environmental problems).
The achievement of problem-solving skill competencies can
also help students to support other skills such as reading and
writing. In addition, it also applies a project-based learning
model. This is because there is a problem that problem
solving abilities are still low, so a Project Based Learning
model is needed.
KEYWORDS
E-comic, Inclusive Education, Environmental Literacy,
Problem Solving Ability, Project Based Learning
Brian Priyangga, Sarwi, Arif Widiyatmoko
Implementation of E-Comics to Grow Environmental Literacy ssing Outdoor
Learning Methods in the New Normal Time
1918
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
INTRODUCTION
Inclusive education has become the highest priority in education policies
of various countries since the UNESCO Salamanca Declaration in 1994. Inclusive
education is implemented to provide opportunities for every student, especially
Children with Special Needs (ABK), who have the potential to be involved in
education in public schools. Children with Special Needs according to
Permendiknas No. 70 of 2009 Article 3 paragraph 2, namely: mentally retarded,
deaf, blind, speech impaired, physical disabilities, slow learners, learning
difficulties, autism, and have motor disorders.
There are many studies that show that children with special needs taught in
inclusive schools show better development of interaction and social skills in order
to integrate into society when they are adults (Wiener & Tardif, 2004) . Other
researchers suggest that children with special needs in inclusive schools get
academic benefits in public schools (Ruijs, Peetsma, & van der Veen, 2010) .
Education is very crucial to face the development of technology and
science (Yao & Guo, 2018) . Education is an important investment in human
resource development (Graham, 2020) . Good education is a way to create quality
human resources (Adi, SS, Kusumawardani, IN, 2018) .
Efforts to increase quality human resources can be through learning
(Kang, Ho, & Marquardt, 2021) . Learning means a stage carried out by teachers
to teach students in the learning process to process and acquire skills, knowledge
and behavior (Cofré et al., 2019) . Conceptually, compulsory learning activities
are close to the environment (Liu, Cheng, & Chen, 2019) . Learning activities
should take advantage of the potential of the environment and local wisdom so
that the teaching and learning process is more meaningful, but in reality this has
not been implemented by the teacher. Learning can be achieved through
experience, learning media, environment, and cognitive strategies (Hu, Gong, Lai,
& Leung, 2018) .
One of the fundamental disciplines is learning science, because science
continues to follow the times (Arneson & Offerdahl, 2018) . Science learning has
a goal based on the Ministry of Education and Culture (2020) which is to increase
intellectual abilities, solve problems, train in expressing ideas, achieve optimal
learning outcomes, and develop the characteristics of students.
Science lessons are not only needed to acquire concepts or knowledge, but
students are also expected to be able to connect and apply them in life. This
implementation mainly responds to environmental conditions that are increasingly
damaged and polluted by human activities. Therefore, it is very appropriate to
integrate environmental literacy skills into science learning, where the reference
criteria for the environmental knowledge component is to measure the degree of
environmental understanding by students and can then be used as a reference for
assessment.
E-comic learning media can be used in learning (Lee, Joh, Yoo, & Oh,
2021) . From research in increasing students' learning motivation using comics
learning media in mathematics, e-comic media is expected to make it easier for
students to understand the material on problem solving abilities (Fadella &
Prabowo, 2018) . Variations of learning media by involving the senses make it
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
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easier for students to absorb and process lesson content; the more senses involved,
the better it can be understood and remembered (Jauhari, 2018) .
E-comic learning media are usually of interest to students aged 6-12 years
because comics are interesting picture books (Rina, Suminar, Damayani, &
Hafiar, 2020) . Comics are picture story books that contain cartoon features to
attract the reader's attention (Stephens Griffin, 2019) . So it can be concluded that
comics can help students in improving practical environmental literacy (Riwanto
& Budiarti, 2020) . This can be shown from the iconic visual illustrations in comic
media (Schreiber & Struminksi, 2018) . So that students do not directly learn to
use concrete learning media but use interesting cartoon images as learning topics
(Hartel & Dunst, 2019) .
One of the interesting themes in learning in elementary school is on theme
9 which is My Country's Rich. This is in line with the problem that there is a lack
of learning that relates to the environment around students in Jepara Regency,
namely the Karimunjawa Islands in the form of utilizing alternative energy
sources, namely Solar Power Plants (PLTS). Students who live in the area should
really understand the material about alternative energy sources. Many types of
energy sources are close to their environment but in fact they think that
environmental material is material that is difficult to understand in learning.
Based on students' interest in comics (Ruch, Heintz, Platt, Wagner, &
Proyer, 2018) . So that e-comic learning media can be used as media to facilitate
students during the teaching and learning process and will have an impact on the
success of students in learning (Mustikasari, Priscylio, Hartati, & Sopandi, 2020) .
Based on this statement, researchers have carried out research aimed at
developing e-comics to foster environmental literacy in alternative energy
sources. Media is designed with the help of the Autodesk application . In the e-
comic media there is an attractive pictorial display and explains the local wisdom
that exists in the Karimunjawa Islands so that students can be motivated and can
improve environmental literacy with this e-comic learning media.
RESEARCH METHOD
This research with the concept of systemic literature review has a technique that
is carried out in five stages, namely: formulating research questions, mapping and finding
articles that are in accordance with the research questions posed, classification and
evaluation of collected articles, summarizing articles, interpreting article findings. The
articles included in this study are all articles on the topic of comics for children with
special needs in inclusive schools, the environmental literacy movement and e-comics.
The search process involves searching computerized data, selecting complete articles, in
English and scientifically peer-reviewed. Articles are searched through the Scopus
database and Google Scholar using Publish or Perish. The search was carried out on
articles published in 2018 to 2022 according to the rate of recency in the last 5 years. A
total of 1300 articles were obtained after reading each article title. The articles were then
selected and analyzed based on: (1) identification of the title, name of the researcher, and
abstract; (2) completeness of information on research objectives, methods and results; (3)
assessment of selected studies; (4) form a decision about which study to choose. After
going through the selection process, there were 16 articles that were considered for
further research.
Brian Priyangga, Sarwi, Arif Widiyatmoko
Implementation of E-Comics to Grow Environmental Literacy ssing Outdoor
Learning Methods in the New Normal Time
1920
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The e-comic book based on local wisdom " Let's Get to Know Alternative Energy
Sources of PLTS in the Karimunjawa Islands and PLTU Jepara" is a learning media for
grade IV elementary school students which is arranged according to the 2013 curriculum.
This e-comic book is designed to increase learning independence, critical thinking and
student problem solving as a learning guide. Local wisdom-based e-comic books can be
accessed online via Google Drive provided by the teacher. This local wisdom-based e-
comic book is used to facilitate the implementation of the learning process. Local
wisdom- based e-comic books are in the form of local wisdom-based learning media
inventions and can be accessed via Google Drive so that they are more practical to use in
learning.
Several research findings indicate the effectiveness of project-based learning ,
among others , Sucilestari's research states that project-based models can improve
students' life skills. Improvement of all aspects of life skills, namely individual skills,
academic skills, and professional skills (Sucilestari et al., 2018) .
The project-based model can be applied to improve the life skills of students in
schools, especially in the learning process both at home and in the school environment
(Vina Serevina et al., 2018) . In line with the results of Uswatun Chasanah's research
which shows that project-based learning is very effective compared to conventional
models, namely increasing learning outcomes in process skills, creative thinking skills
and students' speaking skills (Uswatun Chasanah, Khoiri, & Nuroso, 2016) .
The sixteen articles that have met the criteria are further described in Table 1.
Table 1 Results of Systematic Literature Review
No
Author & Year
Title
Method
Results
1
Uyun Siti
Syarifah
(Sharifah, 2021)
Development
of Comic
Media in
Distance
Learning to
Improve
Understanding
and Learning
Outcomes of
Children with
Intellectual
Requirements
Research
and
Development
(RnD)
method
ADDIE
The results showed
that the development
of comic media in
PJJ could increase
students'
understanding of the
material that had
been delivered.
Especially for
mentally retarded
students, this can be
an alternative key to
improve learning
outcomes.
2
Chi Chi Karlina,
Rosida
Rakhmawati,
Mujib
(Karlina &
Rakhmawati,
2020)
Development
of Mathematics
Comic Model
Teaching
Materials for
Children with
Special Needs
(ABK)
Students
Research
and
Development
(RnD)
method
ADDIE
The results showed
that the question of
teaching
mathematics
learning in the form
of mathematical
comics about
children with special
needs was valid .
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3
Ntobuo, Amali
and Arbie
(Ntobuo, Arbie,
& Amali, 2018)
The
Development
of Gravity
Comic
Learning
Media Based
on Gorontalo
Culture
Research
and
Development
(RnD)
The results of the
study show that the
comic media
developed is very
valid from the
experts, so it is very
suitable for use in
the learning process.
4
Diana
Kusumaningrum
(Kusumaningrum,
2018)
Environmental
Literacy in the
2013
Curriculum
and Science
Learning in
Elementary
School
Systematic
Literature
Review
Environmental
literacy skills are
very important to be
instilled from an
early age into
character, because
character education
in students will be
embedded in the
long term.
5
Tsalitsatul
Maulidah, Ika
Farida Yuliana,
Nur Faizah
Rohmatul Lailia
and Sukiyanto
(Maulidah &
Farida, 2021)
Literacy
Movement in
an Effort to
Increase
Reading
Interest in
Children aged
6-8 Years
during the
Covid-19
Pandemic
My method
is
descriptive
litative
The results of the
research are that
there has been a
change, namely that
students are
enthusiastic about
participating in the
activities held which
indicate that the
community has
begun to be
interested in literacy.
6
Istiqomah,
Rintayati and
Subiyantoro.
(Istiqomah,
Subiyantoro, &
Rintayati, 2020)
The Urgency of
Science Comic
Based on Local
Culture in
Forming
Elementary
School
Character of
Environmental
Care and
Awarness
Qualitative
research
In this study, it was
concluded that
science comics can
strengthen the
concept of
environmental care
and awareness
according to the
developmental stage
of elementary school
students.
7
Dewi, Lintangsari
and
Kusumawardani.
(Dewi,
Local Wisdom
Based Stories
in Conserving
Water
Qualitative
research
The results of his
research revealed
that the Singosari
people still maintain
local culture by
Brian Priyangga, Sarwi, Arif Widiyatmoko
Implementation of E-Comics to Grow Environmental Literacy ssing Outdoor
Learning Methods in the New Normal Time
1922
Kusumawardani,
& Lintangsari,
2020)
Resource
believing in mystical
stories to preserve
nature such as
springs, these stories
can be used as a
medium for learning
English with
narratives that are
turned into
interesting stories.
8
Nurjannah, IF,
Wahyudi, W., &
Setiawan, Y.
(Nurjannah,
Wahyudi, &
Setiawan, 2019)
Development
of Comics with
Discovery
Learning
Model as a
Media to
Increase
Student's
Literacy in
Primary
School
Research
and
Development
(RnD)
The results of the
study that comic-
based learning
media with the sub-
theme of learning
energy and change
developed have been
declared valid by
experts and are
practically used in
learning
9
Kurnia, Utomo
and Sumarti
(Kurnia, Sumarti,
& Utomo, 2020)
Implementation
of Problem
Based
Learning
Assisted with
Science Comic
Books to
Improve
Critical
Thinking Skill
of Elementary
Students
Classroom
action
research
The results showed
that there was an
increase after
applying the PBL
model with the help
of science comics as
a media book.
10
Maryani and
Amalia
(Maryani et al.,
2018)
The
Development
of Science
Comic Book to
Improve
Student's
Understanding
in Elementary
School
Research
and
Development
(RnD)
The results of this
study indicate that
the comics used in
natural science
learning are very
effective in
increasing the
understanding of
elementary school
students and these
comics are suitable
for use in science
learning.
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11
Surya, Sriyanto
and Poerwanti
(Surya,
Poerwanti, &
Sriyanto, 2020)
The
Effectiveness of
the Use of
Digital Based
Educational
Comic Media
in Improving
Reading
Interest in
Elementary
School
Students
Quantitative
Research
The results show
that there is an
effectiveness in
using comics media
and increasing
students' reading
interest in the high
category.
12
Nofa Rina
(Rina et al., 2020)
Character
Education
Based on
Digital Comic
Media
Research
and
Development
(RnD)
This study aims to
producing character-
based comic media
for the development
of character
education .
13
Yunjung Lee,
Suhyeon Yoo
Uran Oh and
Hwayeon Joh
(Lee et al., 2021)
Access
Comics: An
Accessible
Digital Comic
Book Reader
for People with
Visual
Impairments
Research
and
Development
(RnD)
A number of studies
have been carried
out to improve the
accessibility of
various types of
images on the web
(for example, photos
and images)
artwork) for visually
impaired people.
14
Riwanto, Mawan
Akhir, Budiarti,
Wahyu Nuning
(Riwanto &
Budiarti, 2020)
Development
of Digital
Science
Comics for
Elementary
School as a
Support for
Digital
Literacy in
Online
Learning
Research
and
Development
(RnD)
The results of the
study that digital
comic media with
high feasibility,
supports digital
literacy, and can
help learning in
online learning .
15
L Mustikasari, T
Hartati, W
Sopandi and G
Priscylio
(Mustikasari et
al., 2020)
The
Development
of Digital
Comic on
Ecosystem for
Thematic
Learning in
Research
and
Development
(RnD)
This study obtained
the results of the
thematic learning
digital comics that
were suitable for use
on the basis of the
material expert's
Brian Priyangga, Sarwi, Arif Widiyatmoko
Implementation of E-Comics to Grow Environmental Literacy ssing Outdoor
Learning Methods in the New Normal Time
1924
Elementary
Schools
assessment of 3.51
in good category,
media expert 4.01 in
good category,
teacher assessment
3.9 in good category
and student
assessment of 3.93
in good category.
The developed
comic media has an
impact on increasing
motivation, interest
in learning, student
activity and
facilitating the
student learning
process.
16
Megawati, Sri
Latifah, Ridwan
Fitri, Ady
Anugrah, Antomi
Saregar and Nur
Endah Susilowat
(Fitri, Latifah,
Saregar, Anugrah,
& Susilowati,
2021)
Character
Education
Based Digital
Physics Comic
on Newton's
Law: Students
and Teacher
Perception
Qualitative
descriptive
research.
Character education
is important in
learning. For this
reason , character
education is very
important in the
learning process
In this writing, the researcher develops e-comic learning media based on
local wisdom which is a modification of e-comic which is applied to science
learning material alternative energy sources and the relationship between the
media is inserted with local wisdom in the Karimunjawa Islands, Jepara, Central
Java. The e-comic media based on local wisdom in the Karimunjawa Islands
contains material in the form of narrative texts, pictures of tourism potential
where Karimunjawa has been designated as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO, and
comic characters wear traditional clothes according to local environmental
conditions which are multi-ethnic. The material in e-comic media based on local
wisdom in the Karimunjawa Islands contains an explanation of activities in
coastal areas and alternative energy sources of PLTS. In addition to the material
there is a link Google Drive whose comic content can be accessed by students
wherever they are and introduces local potential in Jepara to the wider
community.
In the e-comic media based on local wisdom in the Karimunjawa Islands,
there is character recognition in which the characters have elements of local
wisdom in the Karimunjawa Islands where the community is multiethnic. This e-
comic media based on local wisdom in the Karimunjawa Islands can be accessed
via cellphone/computer by accessing the google drive link . Can maximize the
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
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existing technology in schools. E-comic media based on local wisdom in the
Karimunjawa Islands in the form of a pdf via a whatsapp group or a goggle drive
link , this media can be downloaded so that it can be accessed anywhere at any
time as long as it has internet quota when downloading and can also be printed for
offline learning.
The mechanism for compiling e-comics includes: (1) the stage of
analyzing the needs of electronic comics, (2) the stage of designing electronic
comics, (3) the stage of validation and refinement. The details of the mechanism
for compiling e-comics will be explained as follows: steps to analyze the needs of
electronic comics, e-comic designs are determined according to the learning
implementation plan. At the design stage of electronic comics, the writing of e-
comics is carried out based on a learning implementation plan based on
independent learning activities that integrate environmental literacy.
The e-comic book based on local wisdom "Let's Get to Know Alternative
Energy Sources of PLTS in the Karimunjawa Islands and PLTU Jepara" is used as
a means of assisting the learning process that presents material for alternative
energy sources, changes in energy forms, due to excessive use of fossil fuels and
the process of electrical energy from sunlight. the sun as a supporter of students'
understanding to local wisdom-based problem solving. The development of e-
comic media is used to foster environmental literacy. With this innovation,
students can know and implement environmental literacy. The design of this e-
comic was assisted by the Autodesk application program . Display of e-comic
books based on local wisdom, students can access the google drive link
Figure 1 Cover of E-comic , Picture 2 Introduction of E-comic Characters , Picture 3
Opening of E-comic
Brian Priyangga, Sarwi, Arif Widiyatmoko
Implementation of E-Comics to Grow Environmental Literacy ssing Outdoor
Learning Methods in the New Normal Time
1926
Figure 4 Contents of E-comic
This study aims to develop and implement e-comic learning media based on
local wisdom to foster environmental literacy in fourth grade elementary school.
The type of research used is Research and Development with the ADDIE
development model, namely Analyze , Design , Development , Implementation ,
and Evaluation. This study used a test subject by conducting validity tests on
media experts, material experts, learning experts and the responses of ten fourth
grade elementary school students. Collecting data using a questionnaire
instrument. The research data were analyzed by quantitative descriptive and
qualitative descriptive. The results of the media expert validator get a score of 29,
the percentage of 90.6% is categorized as very valid. The results of the material
expert validator get a score of 37, the percentage of 92.5% is categorized as very
valid. The results of the learning expert validator get a score of 53 percentages of
94.64% categorized as very valid. And the results of the responses of ten fourth
grade elementary school students got a score of 429 with a percentage of 89.375%
categorized as very valid. The overall results of the validator test are categorized
as very valid so that e-comic media based on local wisdom can be used with
alternative energy sources learning in science lessons for grade IV elementary
school.
There is a difference in the increase in environmental literacy in students who
use e-comic based on local wisdom which is higher and significantly higher than
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the class that uses science textbooks, namely in the medium category with the N-
gain value obtained is 0.40 in the environmental knowledge aspect and 0, 37 on
the aspect of environmental competence. The experimental class N-gain value
which is higher and significant than the control class is found in aspects of
knowledge, competence and environmental attitudes and the experimental class
N-gain value which is not higher and significant than the control class is found in
indicators of content knowledge, procedural knowledge, explaining phenomena
scientific research, interpreting scientific data and evidence and reflecting on the
importance of environmental science from a personal perspective.
The application of e-comic based on local wisdom in the distance learning
process will be very useful, because in online learning students are encouraged to
stay happy at home, one of which is a virtual model using the zoom meeting
application . Thus, students will easily understand the material of alternative
energy sources.
Project Based Learning is quite effective in achieving social, spiritual,
product, project behaviors and learning mastery of students (Noor, Hardyanto, &
Wibawanto, 2017) . Based on the various research findings described above,
project-based learning-based e-learning can be a solution to optimize the learning
process, especially during the current pandemic. Online learning based on project-
based learning , students can undergo more meaningful learning so that the
insights and knowledge gained have meaning that can be used to solve the
problems they face.
To grow environmental literacy requires media that can stimulate students to
develop ideas, ideas and feelings so that students can express their ideas well and
can be understood by others. A very effective and efficient media used is the
Development of E-Comic Media Based on Local Wisdom to Grow Environmental
Literacy for class IV with a project based learning model , where students are
asked to do projects, namely making videos telling the activities of students in
environmental literacy in their lives. students are then sent online to the teacher .
If done offline, this e-comic can be printed and ask students to do problem solving
skills after they read the comic, students can grow environmental literacy by
implementing ways to maintain alternative energy sources around the students'
environment that were previously taught by the teacher. teacher.
CONCLUSION
The conclusion from the writing of this article manuscript is the Implementation of
Local Wisdom-Based E-Comics in Inclusive Education to Grow Environmental Literacy
using the Outdoor Learning Method in the New Normal Period on 4th grade science
material at SD KD 3.5 and KD 4.5. Implementation of E-comic Development with a
project-based model that is intended where students are asked to do projects, namely
making videos telling the activities of students in environmental literacy in their lives
with the help of the role of parents or families that are made by students and then sent
online to the teacher. If done offline, this e-comic can be printed and ask students to do
problem solving skills after they read the comic, students can grow environmental literacy
by implementing ways to maintain alternative energy sources around the students'
environment that were previously taught by the teacher. teacher.
Brian Priyangga, Sarwi, Arif Widiyatmoko
Implementation of E-Comics to Grow Environmental Literacy ssing Outdoor
Learning Methods in the New Normal Time
1928
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