How to cite:
Fald erika , Bahtiar. (2022). Analysis of Laston Ac-Wc Mixed With
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Adding Styrofoam Based on
Marshall Parameters. Journal of Eduvest. Vol (Number): Page 1668-
1675
E-ISSN:
2775-3727
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Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2 Number 9, September, 2022
p- ISSN 2775-3735 - e-ISSN 2775-3727
ANALYSIS OF LASTON AC-WC MIXED WITH RECLAIMED
ASPHALT PAVEMENT (RAP) AND ADDING STYROFOAM
BASED ON MARSHALL PARAMETERS
Falderika
1
, Bahtiar
2
Civil Engineering Study Program, UNIKOM, Indonesia
1
, Civil Engineering
Study Program, UNCEN, Indonesia
2
Email: [email protected]
1
, [email protected]
2
A RTICLE INFO A BSTRACT
One option that has the potential to be applied to road
roughness is the reuse of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP)
material. RAP material can be reused by adding new asphalt
and aggregate in accordance with the composition of the
mixture so that it is expected to obtain the quality as planned.
One of the efforts made to improve the quality of the RAP
asphalt mixture is to use modified asphalt with additional
material in the form of styrofoam. The use of styrofoam in
asphalt is expected to improve the technical properties of a
mixture. This research was conducted with variations in
asphalt content of 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, and 7%. bitumen
content obtained from extraction is 6.28%, and the use of
RAP is 30%. Next, make specimens for the standard marshall
test at variations in Styrofoam levels of 0%, 6.5%, 6.75% and
7% on each KAA and the KAO value is 6.75% of the weight of
the test object. The results of the Marshall test showed the
optimum stability value for adding that the effective
percentage of Styrofoam was found in a mixture of 7%
Styrofoam, which was 4181 kg with an increase of 4,700 from
a mixture of laston without Styrofoam addition. The flow
value is 2.76 mm, while the Marshall Quotient (MQ) value has
increased compared to without the use of Styrofoam with a
value of 1.513. From the results of mixed analysis using RAP
with the addition of optimum Styrofoam, it can improve the
performance of the laston AC-WC mixture
KEYWORDS
Asphalt Pen. 60/70, AC-WC, Styrofoam, RAP, Marshall
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2, Number 9 , September, 2022
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INTRODUCTION
Civil buildings that use asphalt as the main material are roads. The role of
roads is very important in everyday life, namely connecting one place to another ,
increasing travel time and facilitating traffic flow. Pavement that uses asphalt as
the main component is flexible pavement (Sulianti, Ibrahim, Subrianto, Monita, &
Medici, 2019) (Listiani, Sembiring, & Rahman, 2015)(Motlagh, Kiasat, Mirzaei,
& Birgani, 2012).
Flexible pavement is a type of pavement other than rigid and composite
pavements. Flexible pavement consists of several layers of subgrade, subbase
layer, top foundation layer and surface layer (Adly, 2016). The surface layer is a
mixture of asphalt, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate, in the process of mixing
and compacting it is carried out at a predetermined hot temperature with a ratio of
asphalt, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate that has been determined through
mix design planning (Nono, n.d.). One of the efforts to improve the performance
of the surface layer flexible pavement is to add additional materials to the
pavement mixture (Abinaya, Clement, & Shanmugam, 2016).
For periodic road maintenance, in the implementation process using a
Cold Milling Machine (CMM) by dredging/peeling uneven roads is a way of
handling road damage, but the results of stripping the asphalt surface layer,
namely Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) are not used properly (Al-Haydari &
Masued, 2017). The advantages that can be obtained from the application of this
recycling technology are material savings, maintaining road elevation, not adding
dead loads to the road (Arianto, Saleh, & Anggraini, 2019).
In some countries, styrofoam has been applied as an additive to asphalt
mixtures. For example in Baghdad, Iraq, styrofoam has been used in several roads
and can reduce cracking and rutting, reduce aging, increase skid resistance.
Bitumen is an adhesive material (viscous cementitious material), black or
dark in color, in solid or semi-solid form, which can be obtained in nature or as a
result of production. Bitumen can be asphalt, tar, or pitch (Arianto et al., 2019).
Asphalt can be obtained in nature or residue from petroleum refining, tar is the
result of condensate in the destructive distillation of coal, petroleum, wood, or
other organic materials, while pitch is obtained as residue from fractional
distillation of tar (Noris & Mahardi, 2017) (Officials, 1993). Tar and pitch are not
obtained in nature, but are chemical products. Of the three types of bitumen
mentioned above, only asphalt is commonly used as a pavement-forming material,
so bitumen is often referred to as asphalt (Baker, Abendeh, Abu-Salem, &
Khedaywi, 2016) (PERDANA, Kurnia, & Pataras, 2022).
AC-WC Wearing Course or wear layer is a layer above the foundation.
AC-WC functions as a surface layer that is resistant to weather, shear forces and
wheel pressure and provides a waterproof layer that can protect the layer
underneath from water seepage (Falderika, 2021).
RAP is a pavement material containing asphalt and aggregate that has
been dismantled and is no longer used (Institue, 1997). To save materials and
Fald erika , Bahtiar
1670
energy, recycling is an attractive option to rehabilitate pavements (Arianto et al.,
2019).
Aggregate is a mixture of gravel, crushed stone and other materials
derived from natural minerals or rocks (Putrowijoyo, 2006). In the road pavement
structure, the aggregate component is the main component with a percentage
value of 90-95% based on weight percentage, or 75-85% aggregate based on
volume percentage (Falderika, 2021)(Putrowijoyo, 2006) .
Styrofoam or its general name thermoplastic is a type of plastic commonly
used for food and beverage packaging. Styrofoam is divided into 2 parts, namely
foamed Styrofoam (FS), and Expanded Styrofoam (EPS), or also known as
Styrofoam foam, which is colloquially known as Styrofoam. Styrofoam or also
known as expanded polystyrene is produced from styrene (C6H5CH9CH2), which
has a phenyl group (six carbon rings) arranged irregularly along the carbon line of
the molecule (Noris & Mahardi, 2017).
RESEARCH METHOD
The method used in this research is the experimental method. The research was
conducted in a laboratory laboratory, with the research material in the form of RAP
(Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement) with the addition of Styrofoam as much as 0%, 6.5%,
6.75% and 7% of the asphalt weight. The test results based on Marshall characteristics
obtained results in the form of stability values, flow, voids in the mixture (VIM), voids
filled with asphalt (VFA), voids in aggregate (VMA) and then the Marshall Quotient can
be calculated. All stages can be seen in the chart below (Farhan, 2019) (Rao,
Parameshwaran, & Ram, 2018).
The research planning stage so that research runs smoothly, can be carried out
properly, it is necessary to have a well-planned implementation stage.
Stage of preparation of tools and materials.
Material Inspection Phase (Asphalt, Styrofoam, RAP and other Aggregates).
Mix Planning Phase (Styrofoam).
Marshall Testing Phase to determine the optimum asphalt content (KAO).
Stage of Making Test Objects on KAO for Analysis of the Effect of Styrofoam
mixture on Marshall Properties.
Testing Phase of Test Objects on KAO for Analysis of the Effect of Styrofoam
mixture on Marshall Properties.
Conclusion
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The data obtained from the research and testing of the test object A that has been
carried out in the laboratory and = data = is processed to determine the value of Marshall
properties.
A. Material Test
The results of the aggregate test are in accordance with the predetermined __-test
method and use the required specifications.
Table 1 Aggregate Test Results
No
Test Type
Coarse Aggregate
Fine aggregate
1
West Type Bulk
2.3
2.53
2
SSD Density
2.52
2.82
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
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3
Apparent Density
2.95
3.58
4
Effective Specific Gravity
2.62
5
Flatness No.1/2
3.365810452
6
Flatness No.3/8
14,67889908
7
Oval No 1/2
12.70949721
8
No. 3/8
29886364
9
Abrasion
99.9%
10
Sand Equivalent
77.58%
Here are the results of the Maspal test in the laboratory
No
Sample
Sample Weight After
Extraction
Asphalt Level
1
West Sample Extraction 1
690
1.42%
2
West Sample Extraction 2
670
4.28%
3
West Sample Extraction 3
656
6.28%
B. Determination of Optimum Asphalt Content (KAO)
From the Marshall test that has been carried out, it is obtained = result = -
Optimum Asphalt Content (KAO) of 6.75 % and 12 test objects are made again.
Table 5 Determination of Optimum Asphalt Content
Specification
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
Stability
Min 800
Flow(mm)
2-4
MQ (Kg/mm)
250
VIM (%)
3-5
VMA (%)
Min 14
VFA (%)
Min 65
C. Analysis of the Effect of Adding Styrofoam to KAO on Marshall . Parameters
The following are tables and graphs that state the relationship of Marshall
parameters with asphalt content and plastic content.
1. The Relationship of Adding Styrofoam to KAO to VIM
Figure 2 The relationship between the addition of Styrofoam on KAO to VIM
3.505
3.797
4.492
3.898
0
1
2
3
4
5
0.0% 6.5% 6.8% 7.0%
Styrofoam content
VIM (%)
Fald erika , Bahtiar
1672
The VIM (Void In Mix) value in the asphalt mixture without styrofoam
meets the specifications, as well as the asphalt mixture with the addition of styrofoam
. The highest value of the cavity in the mixture was found at 6.75 % styrofoam with a
VIM value of 4.492.
2. The Relationship of Adding PP Plastic to KAO to VMA
Figure 3. The relationship between the addition of Styrofoam in KAO to VMA
The VMA (Void Mineral Aggregate) value of the asphalt mixture without
Styrofoam and with the addition of Styrofoam, all meet the specifications of Bina
Marga, which is a minimum of 14mm. Graded aggregates provide small voids
between aggregate grains. This is because the Styrofoam layer has covered and
partially closed the cavity between the grains. Directly proportional to the value of
VIM, for the highest value there is a styrofoam content of 6.75% with a value of
18.691 .
3. Relationship of Addition of Styrofoam to KAO to VFA
Figure 4 Relationship of Addition of Styrofame to KAO to VFA
The value of VFA ( Void Filled Asphalt) of asphalt mixture without
Styrofoam and mixture with Styrofoam addition fully meets the specifications, at 0%
Styrofoam content 80.378 and at 6.75% Styrofoam 75.981. The higher the VFA
value, the higher the cavity in the mixture filled with asphalt, so that the asphalt
mixture is impermeable to water and air.
17.851
18.100
18.691
18.186
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
0.0% 6.5% 6.8% 7.0%
Styrofoam
VMA (%)
80.378
79.150
75.981
78.601
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.0% 6.5% 6.8% 7.0%
Styrofoam
VFA (%)
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4. The Relationship of Adding Styrofame to KAO to Flow
Figure 5 Relationship of Addition of Styrofoam to KAO to Flow
The flow value of the asphalt mixture without and with the addition of
Styrofoam mixture , all meet the specifications. The higher the addition of the
Styrofoam mixture, the lower the flow value obtained. In addition to the data
obtained a decrease in the value of flow in the use of a mixture of styrofoam .
5. Relationship of Addition of Styrofoam to KAO to Stability
Figure 6 Relationship of Addition of Styrofoam to KAO to Stability
Stability values in asphalt mixtures without and by using the addition of
Styrofoam content all meet the specifications. The addition of Styrofoam to the
asphalt mixture causes an increase in the stability value, meaning an increase in the
bonding power between asphalt and aggregate. In the graph beside, we can see that
the more use of Styrofoam , the higher the stability value obtained.
3.407
2.850
2.783
2.763
0
1
2
3
4
5
0.0% 6.5% 6.8% 7.0%
Styrofoam
Flow (mm)
1,825
2,049
3,234
4,181
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
0.0% 6.5% 6.8% 7.0%
Styrofoam
Stabilitas (Kg)
Fald erika , Bahtiar
1674
6. The Relationship of Addition of Styrofoam to KAO to Marshall Quotient
Figure 7 The relationship between the addition of Styrofoam in KAO to the
Marshall Quotient
The MQ value of the asphalt mixture without or with the addition of
Styrofoam all met the specifications. The increasing value of MQ indicates the
asphalt mixture has a high stability value. The high value of MQ indicates the value
of the mixture will be more rigid.
CONCLUSION
The asphalt used meets the requirements of all types of material inspection.
The asphalt used is asphalt with a penetration of 60/70 with KAA values used are 5%,
5.5%, 6%, 6.5% and 7%. For the level of determination of KAO itself, the value is
6.75 % of the weight of the test object. And this study uses RAP So the final
conclusions of this study are: The influence of the RAP material used in the Laston
AC-WC mixture for the values of Stability, Flow, VMA, VIM, VFA and also MQ is
partly still above the Bina Marga standard at 6.5% and 7% asphalt content and gets an
KAO value of 6 ,75%. The use of Styrofoam also has an effect on the mixture, as
seen from the graph which shows that the more the percentage of Styrofoam is used ,
the greater the stability value and vice versa for the flow value to decrease. The
effective percentage of Styrofoam found in the mixture of Laston AC-WC and RAP
is at 7% and 7% Styrofoam content with asphalt content of 6.5% and 7%, because the
value of Stability Value is higher, the value of Flow, VMA, VIM, VFA and also MQ
is still within the standards of Bina Marga (2018).
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Volume 2, Number 9 , September, 2022
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