How to cite:

Siti Lia Amaliah. Iman Permana (2022). The Relationship of Parents'

Parenting Patterns with Online Game Addiction During The Covid-19

Pandemic at SMK Mekanika Cirebon. Journal Eduvest. Vol 2(8):

1.552-1.562

E-ISSN:

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Eduvest –Journal of Universal Studies

Volume 2 Number 8, August, 2022

p-ISSN 2775-3735-e-ISSN 2775-3727

THE RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTS' PARENTING

PATTERNS WITH ONLINE GAME ADDICTION DURING THE

COVID-19 PANDEMIC AT SMK MECHANIKA CIREBON

Siti Lia Amaliah, Iman Permana

Postgraduate Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Since the outbreak of Covid-19, the activities of parents and

children have changed, many parents who experience stress

due to their business experiencing a decrease in income and

even going out of business, while some have to work at home

using the WFH (Work from Home) system set by other

companies and institutions. Stress conditions experienced by

parents have a relationship with the parenting style given by

parents to their children, there is a statistically significant

relationship between the stress conditions of parents and the

parenting style of parents for their children The purpose of this

study was to analyze the relationship between parenting and

online game addiction at SMK Mekanika Cirebon. The method

used is descriptive quantitative with survey research. Data

collection by questionnaire. 220 Participants were taken by

proportional random sampling. Data analysis with simple

regression test method with the help of SPSS. Based on the

values obtained, it shows that the percentage of the influence

of the parenting style variable on online game addiction is 22,

28%, while the remaining 7.72% is influenced by other

variables not examined in this study. This study concludes that

the characteristics of respondents consist of the work of

parents of private employees, students in class XII are male

with a duration of playing games more than 3 hours/day. The

parenting pattern used by parents for students at SMK

Mekanika Cirebon is democratic parenting, the level of

addiction game online on students at SMK Mekanika Cirebon

Siti Lia Amaliah, Iman Permana

The Relationship of Parents' Parenting Patterns with Online Game Addiction During

The Covid-19 Pandemic at SMK Mekanika Cirebon 1.553

is relatively low. There is a relationship between parenting

patterns and online game addiction in Cirebon. Cirebon

Mechanics Vocational School.

KEYWORDS

Parenting, Addiction, Online Games, Teenagers

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

INTRODUCTION

Since the outbreak of Covid-19, the activities of parents and children have changed,

many parents who experience stress due to their business experiencing a decrease in income

and even going out of business, while some have to work at home using the WFH (Work

From Home) system set by other companies and institutions. Stress conditions experienced

by parents have a relationship with the parenting style given by parents to their children,

this is in accordance with research conducted by Wardani and Sudyasih (2017) which states

that there is a statistically significant relationship between parental stress conditions and

parenting patterns. parents to their children.

While on the other hand, the condition of parents who are stressed and the lack of

parental control since the cessation of face-to-face learning activities, children, especially

teenagers, have also experienced quite drastic changes. They only learn through

telecommunication connections in the form of cellphones, this is because since the Covid-

19 outbreak, the government has implemented a Distance Learning policy for each

educational institution. (Budiarti, 2022), actually Distance learning only takes a few

minutes, while the rest they use to play with their cellphones, and one of the games they

like is online games. This is in accordance with the opinion of Smart (2010), which states

that aspects that can cause addiction to online games are lack of attention from the closest

people, experiencing stress, lack of parental control, lack of activity, lack of environment,

and inappropriate parenting.

Referring to research conducted in the United States, it is known that 70% of

adolescents play online personal computer games, of which 65% are permanent online

personal game players. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, the largest online game enthusiasts are

also teenagers, with 64.45% males and 47.85% females, with an average age of 12-22.

There has been no research on how many teenagers in Cirebon are interested in playing

online games, but the national picture shows that at a young age, children tend to like online

games. As a result of online game addiction, teenagers can ignore and leave various aspects

of communication with their family members because of their busy playing online games.

In addition, teenagers began to lie to family members, especially to their fathers and

mothers about their internet use. Cases that arise from online game addiction require family

intervention to avoid internet and online game addiction. This is in accordance with the

opinion of Adwitiya and Suminar (2015), which stated that teenagers, especially those who

are still in school, cannot be separated from their parents' environment. Therefore,

parenting patterns in fact directly or indirectly affect the attitude of playing online games.

Online game addiction destroys people's lives every day, be it online games or compulsive

PCs. When playing online games continuously, it will interfere with daily activities and

make people addicted to online games so that children do not have enough free time to

study. The characteristics of online game addiction are someone who overplays the game

and seems helpless. Playing this game is his life and has a negative impact on players. It

can be said that people who spend more than 3.5 hours a day engaged in online games and

activities related to online games will be addicted to playing online games.

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One of the triggers of online game addiction is due to the parenting provided by

different parents to their children, there are parents who always supervise their children,

supervise every child's behavior and there are also parents who don't really care about their

children. In the family in particular, parents play an important role in shaping the behavior

and attitudes of their children. Various situations can affect a child's ability to focus and

explore learning activities at school. Teenagers who are addicted to online games cannot

live without certain aspects. Aspects that can cause addiction to online games are lack of

attention from those closest to you, stressful experiences, lack of parental control, lack of

activity, lack of environment, and inappropriate parenting.

RESEARCH METHOD

This research uses a cross sectional study design. Meanwhile, the research method

used in this research is descriptive quantitative with survey research. Participants in this

study were 220 consisting of 70 students in class X, 65 students in class XI, and 85 in class

XII. The inclusion criteria for students of SMK Mekanika Cirebon, and students who are

addicted to online games. The research was conducted at the Cirebon Mechanics

Vocational School in December 2021.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

a. By class

The description of the distribution by class at SMK Mekanik Cirebon is as follows:

Table 1 Respondents by Class

Class

Amount

31,82

29,55

XII

38,64

Total

220

100

Based on the explanation above, it can be seen that most of the 38.64% respondents are in

class XII of SMK Mekanika Cirebon, aged between approximately 17 years.

b.Gender

Table 2 Respondents by Gender

Class

Amount

Male

127

57,73

Female

42,27

Total

220

100

Based on the table above, it can be seen that most of the respondents 57.73% are male.

Siti Lia Amaliah, Iman Permana

The Relationship of Parents' Parenting Patterns with Online Game Addiction During

The Covid-19 Pandemic at SMK Mekanika Cirebon 1.555

c. Work

Table 3 Respondents Based on Respondents' Parents' Occupation

Class

Amount

civil servant

10,45

Factory workers

24,09

Private employees

37,73

Driver

9,55

Trader

18,18

Total

220

100

Based on the table above, it can be seen that 37.73% of parents work as private employees

and 9.55% of parents work as drivers.

Description of Research Variables

Description of Parenting

From 220 respondents, it is known that all have scores between 73-108, so it can be

concluded that 100% of respondents have democratic parenting.

Table 4 Distribution of parenting patterns

Parenting

Frequency

Percentage

Otoriter

Permisif

Democratis

220

100%

Total

220

100

Description of Online Game Addiction

Distribution of the frequency of online game addiction in Cirebon Vocational School,

obtained 99% of respondents in the category of moderate online game addiction and 1% in

the category of severe online game addiction. The distribution of online game addiction

can be seen below:

Table 5 Distribution of Online Game Addiction

Online Game Addiction

Frequency

Percentage

Medium

198

99%

Weight

Total

220

100

Simple Regression Test Analysis Results

Regression test in this study is used to test the magnitude of the effect of variable X on

variable Y. The results of the simple regression test analysis with the help of SPSS are as

follows:

a. Gender Against Online Game Addiction

Table 6 Effect of Gender on Online Game Addiction

Model Summary

Predictors: (Constant), Gender

Model

R Square

Adjusted R Square

Std. Error of the Estimate

.139

.019

.015

2.489

Eduvest –Journal of Universal Studies

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1.556 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id

Coefficients

Model

Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

Sig.

Std. Error

Beta

(Constant)

20.064

.514

.139

39.027

.000

Gender

.703

.338

2.077

.039

a. Dependent Variable: Online Game Addiction

Based on the values in the table above, it shows that the results of the regression analysis

in the Summary Model are known that the adjusted R square value is 0.015, so Gender has

an effect on Online Game Addiction by 1.5%. And in the Coefficient table, the significance

value is 0.039 < 0.05, which means that gender has a significant effect on Online Game

Addiction.

Parents' Work Against Online Game Addiction

Table 7 The Effect of Parents' Work on Online Game Addiction

Model Summary

Model

R Square

Adjusted R Square

Std. Error of the Estimate

.147

.022

.017

2.486

Predictors: (Constant), Parent’s Work

Coefficients

Model

Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

Sig.

Std. Error

Beta

(Constant)

20.243

.413

.147

49.032

.000

Parent’s Work

.290

.132

2.200

.029

a. Dependent Variable: Online Game Addiction

Based on the values in the table above, it shows that the results of the regression

analysis in the Summary Model are known that the adjusted R square value is 0.017, so the

work of parents has an effect on Online Game Addiction by 1.7%. And in the Coefficient

table, the significance value is 0.029 < 0.05, which means that the work of parents has a

significant effect on Online Game Addiction.

The Effect of Parenting Parenting on Online Game Addiction

Table 8 of the Influence of Parenting Parenting on Online Game Addiction

Model Summary

Model

R Square

Adjusted R Square

Std. Error of the Estimate

.472

.223

.220

2.215

i. Predictors: (Constant), Pola Asuh Orang Tua

Siti Lia Amaliah, Iman Permana

The Relationship of Parents' Parenting Patterns with Online Game Addiction During

The Covid-19 Pandemic at SMK Mekanika Cirebon 1.557

Coefficients

Model

Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

Sig.

Std. Error

Beta

(Constant)

53.533

4.104

-.472

13.043

.000

Parenting

-.322

.041

-7.914

.000

a. Dependent Variable: Online Game Addiction

Based on the values in the table above, it shows that the results of the regression

analysis in the Summary Model are known that the adjusted R square value is 0.220, so

Parental Parenting has an effect on Online Game Addiction by 22%. And in the Coefficient

table, the significance value is 0.000 <0.05, which means that Parenting has a significant

effect on Online Game Addiction.

Regression test in this study was used to examine the magnitude of the effect of

variable X (parental parenting) on variable Y (online game addiction). The results of the

simple regression test analysis with the help of SPSS are as follows:

Based on the table above, it is known that the results of the regression analysis in

the Summary Model are known that the R value is 0.223. Furthermore, based on the output

of the summary model above, the adjusted R square value of 0.472 maa The Coefficient of

Determination (KD) will be known when calculated by the following KD formula:

KD = r2 x 100%

KD = 0.4722 x 100%

KD = 22.28%

Based on the value obtained, it shows that the percentage of the influence of

parenting style variables on online game addiction is 22, 28%, while the remaining 77,72%

is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.

Discussion

Characteristics of Respondents

Characteristics of respondents consist of students in class XII as many as male, in

the work of parents the most parenting is as private employees and students who are

addicted to online games playing games for more than 3 hours.

Findings related to male sex characteristics have a relationship with online game

addiction. This study is in line with (Mais et al., 2020) showing that men tend to be more

interested and addicted to playing online games compared to women. (Tiara Setia Hastuti,

Duma L.Tobing, 2020) men spend more time playing online games, causing addiction to

online games because they can relieve boredom, while the female gender spends more time

chatting, social media, youtube and browsing. (Tiwa et al., 2019) Teenage boys like online

games because they have various levels of difficulty and there are elements of violence in

the game and lead to addiction to playing online games. (Rondo, Wungouw, & Onibala,

2019). Gender can influence a person to become addicted to online games where boys

prefer to play online games with types that have variations in playing with levels of

difficulty and elements of violence (Rifki, 2020).

The finding of characteristics related to the work of parents of students, namely

private employees who have a relationship with online game addiction. This is in

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accordance  with  research  conducted  by  (Kristiawan,  Adi,  2021)  which  says  that 
socioeconomic levels with parents' jobs as private employees affect students with online 
game  addiction.  Related  to  online  games,  socioeconomic  status  affects  internet 
connections, computer specifications, and so on (Halawa, 2018) that one of the factors that 
influence  learning  achievement  is  family,  namely  parents.  Parents  with  jobs  as  private 
employees, are bound by various rules that exist in the company where the parents work 
have a relationship related to addiction to children who play online games.  (Permana & 
Tobing,  2019).  so  that  this  causes  children  to  feel  less  cared  for  (Yanti,  Marjohan,  & 
Sarfika, 2019). 
Findings with the characteristics of the duration of playing games that are more 
than 3 hours. According to (Arianto & Bahfiarti, 2020) research results that adolescents 
tend  to  spend  more  time  playing  games  more  than  3  hours  /  day  due  to  online  game 
addiction, or more than 14 hours / week (Nita, 2018) The results of the study indicate that 
teenagers spend a lot of time playing games, namely 55 hours a week or an average of 20-
25 hours who are addicted to playing online games. (Damanik & Ricky, 2020) the duration 
of playing online games is 8 hours / day, one third of a day is spent just playing online 
games, often using breaks to play online games so that it makes sleep time irregular or often 
stay up late, forget to do daily activities such as eating only once a day. 
Parenting Patterns of Cirebon Mechanics Vocational School Students 
The results of the research conducted showed that out of 220 respondents, most of 
the foster parents used democratic parenting. There are many kinds of parenting patterns, 
such  as  democratic  parenting.  According  to  (Sumandar,  2017)  aspects  of  democratic 
parenting of parents, namely affection, communication, control, demands for maturity. 
Meanwhile, the factors that influence democratic parenting according to (Bibelia, 
Hidayati, & Somantri, 2021) are the value factors adopted by parents, personality factors, 
socio-economic factors,  and  education  levels. Meanwhile  (Tiwa  et al., 2019) argue that 
democratic  parenting  is  the  best  type  of  parenting  from  other  types  of  parenting. 
Democratic parenting is a form of parenting that pays attention to and respects children's 
freedom, but that freedom is not absolute and with understanding guidance between parents 
and children. 
Overall,  each  dimension  of  democratic  parenting  on  the  value  factor  held  by 
parents  and  socio-economic  with  online  game  addiction  tendencies  has  a  significant 
relationship and has a positive correlation value (Yosephine & Lesmana, 2020). 
(Budiarti, Sustrami, & Febriani, 2022) Based on the results of the study, it can be 
concluded  that  there  is  a  significant  relationship  between  democratic  parenting  and 
smartphone  addiction  in  students  and  there  are  several  influencing  factors  such  as 
socioeconomic and beliefs held by parents. To overcome the bad effects of playing smart 
phones,  parents  need  to  control  the  use  of  smartphones  by  their  children.  Parents  are 
advised  to  tell  their  children  about  how  to  use  gadgets  positively  and  explain  adverse 
effects. (Azizah et al., 2019) From the results of this study, most parents apply democratic 
parenting because it is influenced by the trust factor held by parents, socioeconomic and 
educational  level.  It  is  recommended  that  teenage  students  can  schedule  their  daily 
activities by making a priority scale, so that time can be used as best as possible. 
 
Addiction to Online Games for Mechanics Vocational High School Cirebon 
The  results showed that most of  the  respondents were addicted to games in the 
moderate category. Online game addiction is using a computer or smartphone excessively 
and continuously which will cause problems in social, emotional aspects and players cannot 
control excessive game play. This research is in line with (M. Awin Arja Sirait, Ramadhan 
Bestari,  2019)  that  there  is  a  significant  relationship between  the  level  of  online  game 

 
 
Siti Lia Amaliah, Iman Permana 
The Relationship of Parents' Parenting Patterns with Online Game Addiction During 
The Covid-19 Pandemic at SMK Mekanika Cirebon  1.559 
addiction in the moderate category, so it is hoped that the school will cooperate with parents 
to  provide  guidance  on  the  impact  of  online  game  games  in  order  to  improve  student 
achievement. 
(Novrialdy,  Nirwana,  &  Ahmad,  2019)  Based  on  the  results  of  the  study,  the 
understanding  of  high school students about the risk of online  game  addiction  is in the 
moderate category. Online  gaming addiction needs to take firm action as a preventative 
measure. One  of the preventive steps that can be taken is to try to increase adolescents' 
understanding of the risks of online game addiction. (Rahayu, Karana, Hardiansyah, Dewi, 
& Elihami, 2021) Based on research, it was found that there was a relationship between 
addiction  to  playing  online  games  which  were  categorized  as  moderate  with  learning 
motivation in school-age children during the COVID-19 pandemic. 
(Manuputty et al., 2019) Saying online game addiction is in the moderate category, 
someone who is addicted to online games will continue to play and will not stop until their 
curiosity about the game is fulfilled so that the time that should be sleeping is used to play 
games. 
(Anwar & Winingsih, 2021) Stated that there is a relationship between online game 
addiction in the moderate category with academic achievement caused by students who are 
accustomed to dynamic stimuli rich in colors and the impression of addictive online games 
when playing them. So they assume that learning at school feels monotonous like books 
and writings seem boring, especially when the teacher explains learning without innovation 
such  as  games  or  just  ice  breaking  before  learning  begins  which  makes  children  more 
enthusiastic when carrying out learning. 
According to (Juniarto, Apriliyani, & Rahmawati, 2021) it shows that they have an 
addiction to playing online games, mostly in the moderate category. (Khaerullah, Widianti, 
& Sumarni, 2020) that students who experience online game addiction are at a moderate 
level. 
4. Relationship Pattern  Upbringing with Addiction Game Online Students of SMK 
Mekanika Cirebon 
Students  from  parents  who  adopt  democratic  parenting  are  more  effective  in 
helping children to avoid addiction to playing online games (Lee et al., 2021). Teenagers' 
parenting style which is more dominant is authoritative or democratic which is related to 
online  game  addiction  in teenagers,  which is  more  dominant  in the  moderate category. 
Parents can increase control and warmth to teenagers. In order to prevent teenagers from 
becoming addicted to online games. 
(Ulah & Muslimin,  2020) It can be  concluded that parenting with a democratic 
style and the intensity of playing online games can have an effect. Likewise, teenagers who 
were cared for by parents who applied authoritarian and permissive parenting can become 
teenagers  who  tend  to  behave  aggressively  than  other  teenagers  who  are  cared  for  by 
parents who apply democratic parenting. 
The most dominant parenting pattern applied by parents of students is democratic 
parenting with a moderate level of online games addiction. There is no guarantee that in 
the future children who are in the  medium level category of online game addiction will 
become low or even become a high category of online game addiction (Azizah et al., 2019). 
(Zhang et al., 2018) These findings suggest that academic involvement and parenting with 
democratic  style  may  be  the  main  and  feasible  factors  to  effectively  protect  students' 
academic achievement from the damage of online game addiction. 
Therefore,  it  is  recommended  to  use  a  democratic  style  of  parenting  to  reduce 
students' addiction  to playing these  online games and to identify the damage caused  by 
excessive games (Esrafili & Basharpoor, 2019). 

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According to (Welly, 2018) there is a relationship with democratic parenting styles 
(social  and  economic)  towards  online  game  addiction,  which  can  be  categorized  as 
moderate  addiction  (Öner  &  Arslantaş,  2018)  The  parenting  style  found  the  The  most 
widely applied is parenting with a democratic style, while online game addiction is mostly 
still in the moderate category. (Rochmayanti, Azizah, Bintang, & Pradana, 2021) show that 
online game addiction and parenting with democratic parenting affect the level of addiction 
in  the  moderate  category,  so  it  can  be  recommended  for  parents  to  apply  democratic 
parenting and limit the intensity of playing games for children. their students so that they 
are not addicted to the heavy level of online games. (Sert Agir, 2019) Addiction to online 
games with democratic parenting in students is very significant to the level of addiction to 
online games, where students are addicted to online games at a moderate level. 
From the results of the research conducted, researchers have limitations because 
they only conduct research on the type of democratic parenting. It  is  hoped that further 
research can be carried out using qualitative research methods so that the results can be 
combined/compared with quantitative research. 
 
CONCLUSION 
 
Based on the results of the research and discussion that have been described in the 
previous  discussion,  the  conclusion  in  this  study  is  that  the  characteristics  of  the 
respondents consist of the work of parents of private employees, students in class XII are 
male with a duration of playing games more than 3 hours/day. The parenting pattern used 
by parents for students at SMK Mekanika Cirebon is a democratic parenting style. The 
level of.addiction game  online in students at SMK Mekanika Cirebon is relatively low. 
There is a relationship between democratic parenting of parents and online game addiction 
at SMK Mekanika Cirebon. 
 
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