How to cite:
Sartono, Djoko Suhardjanto, Agung Nur Probohudono, Djuminah.
(2022). Mandatory Disclosure of SAK ETAP in Mimetic and
Normative Isomorphism Perspective on Real Sector Cooperatives in
Indonesia. Journal Eduvest. Vol 2(8): 1.527-1.535
E-ISSN:
2775-3727
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Eduvest –Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2 Number 8, August, 2022
p-ISSN 2775-3735-e-ISSN 2775-3727
MANDATORY DISCLOSURE OF SAK ETAP IN MIMETIC
AND NORMATIVE ISOMORPHISM PERSPECTIVE ON REAL
SECTOR COOPERATIVES IN INDONESIA
Sartono
1
, Djoko Suhardjanto
2
, Agung Nur Probohudono
3
, Djuminah
4
1
Sebelas Maret University, Panca Bhakti University, Department of
Accounting, Pontianak, Indonesia
2,3,4
Sebelas Maret University, Accounting Department, Surakarta, Indonesia
Email: ak.sartono@gmail.com, djoko.suhardjanto@yahoo.com,
[email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the effect of Institutional
Isomorphism on mandatory disclosure with Financial
Accounting Standards for Entities Without Public
Accountability (SAK ETAP). The level of mandatory disclosures,
measured by an unweighted of 88 disclosure items. The results
of the study on 195 real sector cooperatives showed that the
level of mandatory disclosure is 31.4%, the highest is 59.4%,
and the lowest is 7.5%. Multiple regression analysis shows that
information technology, audit types, and entity size, have a
significant effect on Mandatory Disclosure of SAK ETAP, while
industry types have an moderat significant effect. The
theoretical contribution is to provide insight into the use of
mimetic and normative isomorphism in explaining mandatory
disclosures, while stakeholders can provide input for
considering policy and decision making regarding the
implementation of financial reporting based on SAK ETAP.
KEYWORDS
Mandatory Disclosures, Real Sector Cooperatives, mimetic
isomorphism, normative isomorphism
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Sartono, Djoko Suhardjanto, Agung Nur Probohudono, Djuminah
Mandatory Disclosure of SAK ETAP in Mimetic and Normative Isomorphism
Perspective on Real Sector Cooperatives in
Indonesia 1.528
INTRODUCTION
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the largest business units in Indonesia, which
is around 98.8%, absorbs 97.0% of the national workforce (Prima, 2018), and contributes to Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) of 57.8% (Kompas, 2018).
Cooperatives have a strategic role in the economy in Indonesia, improving the welfare of the
lower middle class people, however, most cooperatives in Indonesia are still in the SME category,
the development of the last five years according to the Ministry of Cooperatives, Small and Medium
Enterprises (Kemenkop UKM) is shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Development of Cooperative Business Entities in Indonesia 2014-2018
Year
2015
2016
Number of cooperatives
212.135
213.779
Number of active
cooperatives
150.223
152.981
Number of RAT
cooperatives
58.107
60.146
Number of members
(000)
37.783
38.644
GDP Contribution
4,0%
Source: Kemenkop UKM, data processed.
The number of cooperatives in Indonesia from 2014 to 2018 experienced a relatively low
growth, which was around 0.2% per year, while the number of active cooperatives in Indonesia
tended to decrease, although it had increased in 2015 and 2016, which decreased by around 14.2%.
per year. The number of active cooperatives in 2018 was only around 60.2% compared to all
cooperatives in Indonesia, this is the lowest in the last five years.
The number of cooperatives that have conducted RAT over the last five years is 35.9% of
active cooperatives, or 24.8% of all cooperatives in Indonesia. Cooperatives that held the lowest
annual member meeting in 2017 were 24,941 or 16.4% of active cooperatives. This condition is very
concerning, even though every cooperative is required to hold a member meeting at least once a
year, as has been stipulated in the Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs Number
19/PER/M.KUKM/IX/2015 concerning the Organization of Cooperative Member Meetings.
The contribution of cooperatives to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is always increasing,
namely in 2016 by 4.0%, an increase compared to 2014 at 1.7%, and in 2018 increasing to 4.5%.
However, it is still lower than cooperatives in countries that are members of the Asean Cooperative
Organization (ACO), such as: Malaysia 5.0%, Thailand 7.0%, and Singapore 10.0% (Azzura, 2018).
The cause of cooperatives not doing RAT is due to the lack of awareness of management and
supervisors on the importance of RAT and lack of understanding in preparing financial reports
(Faisal, 2018). According to (Sumarwan, 2018), financial statements are a key part of the RAT and
not only financial reports but also sufficient disclosures to increase transparency and accountability.
The problem of financial reporting for Cooperatives and SMEs is actually an international
issue, several countries and international organizations have simplified financial reporting
requirements as a solution to these problems (Ploybut, 2012). The International Accounting
Standards Board (IASB) responded to this and published the International Financial Reporting
Standards for Small and Medium-size Entities (IFRS for SMEs) in 2009. The Indonesian Institute
of Accountants (IAI) responded by establishing an Accounting Standards Board for the Indonesian
Institute of Accountants (DSAK-IAI) to develop accounting standards for SMEs, in 2009 has
succeeded in issuing Financial Accounting Standards for Entities Without Public Accountability
(SAK ETAP), as an adoption of IFRS for SMES.
In 2011 IAI issued Statement of Revocation of Financial Accounting Standards (PPSAK)
Number 8 concerning Revocation of PSAK 27: Cooperative Accounting (IAI, 2014). In response to
this, the government through the ministry of cooperatives and SMEs issued Minister of Cooperatives
and SMEs Regulation Number 4 of 2012 which was updated Number 12 of 2015 concerning General
Guidelines for Accounting for Real Sector Cooperatives, which requires real sector cooperatives
(not having significant public accountability) in Indonesia to prepare financial statements refer to
SAK ETAP.
Eduvest –Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2 Number 8, August 2022
1.529 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id
(Albu, Fekete, Mohl, & Pasekova, 2013) argues that the application of IFRS for SMEs in
developing countries facilitates access to external capital, increases the attractiveness of foreign
investors, and contributes opportunities for the accounting profession to increase economic
development. The results of the study (Albu et al., 2013) also provide strong support across all
stakeholder groups for the implementation of IFRS for SMEs. IFRS for SMEs can be analogous to
SAK ETAP, especially for entities without public accountability in Indonesia, because SAK ETAP
is an adoption of IFRS for SMEs that is adapted to the conditions of entities without public
accountability in Indonesia, as stated in the Post Implementation Review of the Indonesian Institute
of Accountants (PIR IAI) about the difference between SAK ETAP and IFRS for SMEs (Divisi
Teknis IAI, 2015).
The required accounting standards include four elements, namely recognition, measurement,
presentation, and disclosure (Menteri Koperasi dan UKM, 2015a). SAK ETAP states that recognition
is the process of establishing accounts in the balance sheet and remaining operating results, while
measurement is the process of determining the amount of money to assess assets, liabilities, income,
and expenses to be presented in the financial statements (IAI, 2009). Presentation is a placement the
accounts in the financial statements are structured and consistent, while the disclosure is an
explanation of the accounts to meet the fairness criteria (Menteri Koperasi dan UKM, 2015a).
Transparency and strategic accountability can be done by making mandatory disclosures and
additional disclosures if needed (Al-Shammari, Brown, & Tarca, 2008a). Sufficient disclosure can
reduce the risk of uncertainty for stakeholders, especially investors and creditors (Elliott & Jacobson,
1994).
The results of research on mandatory disclosure of SAK ETAP in Indonesia are still limited,
research (Yanto, Yulianto, Sebayang, & Mulyaga, 2017) found that the level of compliance with SAK
ETAP is still low. Research on mandatory disclosure for SMEs in developing countries also proves
that the level of disclosure is still low (Dang-Duc, 2011)). This provides an opportunity to conduct
further research on the mandatory disclosure of SAK ETAP.
Disclosure in the entity's annual report is very important because it provides an explanation
of the entity's policies, additional information as an explanation of the accounts in the financial
statements (Menteri Koperasi dan UKM, 2015a). Sufficient disclosure will ensure fair financial
statements of the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows (IAI, 2009). The
full disclosure principle requires the entity to inform all material and relevant facts regarding
financial performance, so that the information presented is of high quality and ensures sustainability.
Several theories were used in previous research on mandatory disclosure, such as: agency
theory by Owusu-Ansah (1998); Hassan, Giorgioni, & Romilly (2006); Al-Shammari et al. (2008);
Hassan, Giorgioni, & Romilly, 2006; Owusu-Ansah, 1998) and legitimacy theory by (Mobus, 2005).
Institutional isomorphism theory has been used in research on mandatory disclosure in public sector
institutions ((Arifin, 2014)), voluntary disclosure ((Abreu, Albuquerque, & Oliveira, 2016); (Iliya
Nyahas, Munene, Orobia, & Kigongo Kaawaase, 2017), adoption of accounting standards ((Nulla,
2014); (Nurunnabi, 2015)), and sustainability reporting (Fitriasari & Kawahara, 2018).
The theory of institutional isomorphism related to structures or charts (such as mandatory
disclosure) is accepted and legitimized by the environment (Arifin, 2014). The theory of institutional
isomorphism proposes that the adoption of a structure or chart in an organization is carried out by
isomorphic pressure or forces from the institutional environment (Dimaggio & Powell, 1983) (Meyer
& Rowan, 1977). There are three elements of institutional isomorphism, namely: coercive, mimetic,
and normative isomorphism. This study focuses more on mimetic and normative isomorphism as an
effort to find important factors that influence mandatory disclosure.
Mimetic isomorphism is the uniformity of structure by imitating other entities that are more
established or have been legitimized due to uncertainty (Nurunnabi, 2017). The industrial era 4.0,
which has been running and is approaching the 5.0 era, encourages entities to adapt and utilize
information technology in their business activities, including processing business transactions to
produce transparent, accurate, and accountable information.
Sartono, Djoko Suhardjanto, Agung Nur Probohudono, Djuminah
Mandatory Disclosure of SAK ETAP in Mimetic and Normative Isomorphism
Perspective on Real Sector Cooperatives in
Indonesia 1.530
Therefore, this study considers the basis of information technology (hardware and software)
in an effort to adopt information systems, because of the availability and prices of information
technology devices that are relatively affordable at this time. In addition, the guarantee of reliability,
accuracy of the data, and the resulting information is better.
Research (Hai, 2015) proves that accounting infrastructure can facilitate and improve the
implementation of effective accounting practices. The availability of communication facilities and
consideration of cost benefits have an effect on disclosure (Dang-Duc, 2011). Current technological
changes, such as computerized databases and the internet, make financial disclosure of SMEs
potentially cheaper (Arrunada, 2011).
Normative isomorphism is related to professionalism, such as recruitment, professional
certification, and relationships with professional organizations (Dimaggio & Powell, 1983b). The
Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs Regulation Number 20/Per/M.KUKM/IX/2015 concerning the
Implementation of Cooperative Accountability also implements financial accountability in the form
of an external audit. Assurance of the reliability of financial information through audits of financial
statements is carried out by both internal auditors (supervisory bodies) and external auditors,
therefore this type of audit motivates mandatory disclosure.
The results of previous studies provide different evidence between researchers. (Street &
Gray, 2002); (Glaum & Street, 2003); (Owusu-Ansah & Yeoh, 2005) reported a significant effect
between audit type and mandatory disclosure requirements. Meanwhile, (Wallace, Nasser, & Mora,
1994) found a moderate positive effect. (Wallace & Naser, 1995) proved a negative effect between
audit type and mandatory disclosure. (Al-Shammari et al., 2008) provide different evidence, namely
the type of audit has no effect on mandatory disclosure.
Research on mandatory disclosure of SAK ETAP in real sector cooperatives is still limited,
and inconsistent research results provide opportunities for further research. The difference between
this study and previous research is the use of institutional theory based on two aspects, namely
mimetic and normative isomorphism. These two aspects aim to provide a solution to the problem of
mandatory disclosure of SAK ETAP. Based on this description, the research gap in this study is the
preparation of mandatory disclosure items on the disclosure of SAK ETAP.
RESEARCH METHOD
The population in this study is the real sector cooperatives in the Province of West
Kalimantan, Indonesia, as many as 595 cooperatives that have made annual reports and have held
member meetings in 2018. Based on this data, there are 511 real sector cooperatives, the remaining
84 cooperatives are savings and loan cooperatives and service cooperatives. Islamic finance, so the
population is set at 511.
The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with the sample criteria being the 2017
annual report of real sector cooperatives and has been discussed in the 2018 member meeting, as
well as real sector cooperatives that do not have significant public accountability. The sample
obtained is 195 annual reports.
Multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis, with a probability level of 0.05.
If the test results show a significance level less than 0.05, then the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected
or hypothesis a (Ha) is accepted.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Descriptive statistics
Descriptive statistics show that the average mandatory disclosure score is 0.314 or 31.4%,
the lowest disclosure score is 0.075 or 7.5% and the highest disclosure score is 0.594 or 59.4%. The
results show that, there is no cooperative that fully fulfills all of the SAK ETAP Mandatory
Disclosure items. The level of disclosure is still lower than the level of disclosure for SMEs in Italy,
based on the results of research conducted by (Valentinetti, Rea, & Basile, 2016) on the level of
disclosure required in the IFRS for SMEs, which is 35.5%. The same study was conducted by (Bakri,
Mater, & Nour, 2014), with the level of financial information disclosure required for SMEs in Jordan
of 40.0%. mandatory disclosure score of 0.500 or more as many as 15 (7.7%), and mandatory
Eduvest –Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2 Number 8, August 2022
1.531 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id
disclosure score of less than 0.500 as many as 180 (92.3%) cooperatives. This shows that the level
of mandatory disclosure is still low because it has not reached 100%, there is no sample cooperative
that fully complies with all mandatory disclosure items.
Table 2: Descriptive Statistics – Predictor and Dependent Variables
Mandatory
Disclosure
Information
Technology
(Rp000)
Audit Type
Entity Size
(Rp000,000)
Industry
Type
N
195
195
195
195
195
Mean
0.31
12,880.59
0.71
6,912.23
1.64
Median
0.30
6,560.00
1.00
828.09
2.00
Mode
0.24
0.00
1
26,776.08
2
Std. Deviation
0.11
33,770.81
0.517
28,828.19
0.588
Minimum
0.08
0.00
0
14.82
1
Maximum
0.59
329,550.00
2
337,812.55
3
Source: Data Processed
Table 2 shows the average value of information technology assets of Rp12,880,590.00, the lowest
value is Rp. 0.00 and the highest value is Rp329,550,000.00. The data shows that there are
cooperatives that do not have information technology assets, from the sample data of 195 real sector
cooperatives, there are cooperatives that do not have information technology assets as many as 60
cooperatives (31.3%) and 132 (68.8%) cooperatives have technology assets. information.
The audit type variable shows the mode value is 1, meaning that most cooperatives are
audited by internal auditors. Based on the sample cooperatives as many as 195, cooperatives that are
not audited by either external or internal auditors are 62 (31.8%) cooperatives, cooperatives audited
by internal auditors are 127 (65.1%), and cooperatives audited by external auditors are 6 (3.1%).
Most cooperatives are still small and medium enterprises, while audit fees by external auditors are
relatively expensive when compared to the results of operations or the value of cooperative assets,
this is one of the considerations not to be audited by external auditors. When viewed from total
assets, real sector cooperatives audited by external auditors have asset values ranging from
Rp2,689,701,727.00 to Rp177,672,086,627.00.
The regulation does not require that the financial statements of cooperatives be audited by an
external auditor, as stated in Chapter VI, Article 40 of Law Number 25 of 1992 concerning
Cooperatives, namely "cooperatives can request audit services from public accountants". However,
there are other laws and regulations that strengthen cooperatives to be audited by external auditors,
namely the Regulation of the Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs Number
20/per/MKUKM/IX/2015 concerning the Implementation of Cooperative Accountability, Article 9
paragraph (3) Letter d, Article 12 Letter a, and Article 15 Paragraph (2).
Hypothesis Testing Results
Before the multiple regression test was conducted, the assumption test had been carried out.
Overall, diagnostics that explore statistical assumptions include: tests of normality,
multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity provide evidence that the model is valid.
The effect of the predictor variable on the dependent variable, namely Mandatory Disclosure
(MD), was tested using multiple regression analysis. This model determines the level of mandatory
disclosure as a function of Information Technology (IT) and Audit Types (Audit), as well as control
variables Entity Size (Size) and Industry Types (Indust). The specifications of the multiple
regression model are as follows:
MD = β0 + β1.IT + β2.Audit + β3.Size+β4.Indust................................................(1)
Where: MD, is the mandatory disclosure; β0 is the constant; β1-4, isthe regression coefficient; IT is
information technology; Audit is the audit types; Size is the entity size; Indust is the industry types;
and ε is the residual error.
The results of the F test of the predictor variable on mandatory disclosure with a significance
score of 0.00 indicate that the independent variable simultaneously has a significant effect on
explaining mandatory disclosure. The results of this test indicate that the multiple linear regression
model is feasible to use in estimating the effect of the predictor variable on the dependent variable.
The value of adjusted R
2
is 0.13 (12.8%) indicating the magnitude of the independent variable
Sartono, Djoko Suhardjanto, Agung Nur Probohudono, Djuminah
Mandatory Disclosure of SAK ETAP in Mimetic and Normative Isomorphism
Perspective on Real Sector Cooperatives in
Indonesia 1.532
simultaneously in explaining the mandatory disclosure of SAK ETAP, while 0.87 (87.2%) is
influenced by other factors not discussed in this study. When viewed from other similar studies, the
adjusted R2 value obtained in this study is still lower, such as (Al-Shammari et al., 2008) obtaining
an adjusted R2 of 35.6% when examining mandatory disclosures in companies registered in
countries- GCC countries, (Alfaraih, 2009) proved the adjusted R2 value of 59.1% when researching
the mandatory disclosure of companies registered in Kuwait. Glaum and Street (2003) obtained an
adjusted R2 of 29.7% when examining the level of IAS disclosure in New Market companies in
Germany, and (Arifin, 2014), which was 26.0% when examining disclosures in public sector
organizations in Indonesia.
Table 3: Predictor Variable Multiple Regression Test and Mandatory Disclosure
Adjusted R
2
0.128
F statistic
8.125
Significance
0.000
n
195
Model
B
t
Sig
Constant
-0.125
-1.249
0.213
Information Technology (IT)
0.041
2.671
0.008***
Audit Types (Audit)
0.601
2.606
0.010**
Entity Size (Size)
0.040
3.778
0.000***
Industry Types (Indust)
0.024
1.908
0.058*
***Highly significant at 0.01, ** significant at 0.05, *moderate significant at 0.1,
Hypothesis 1 (H1) information technology has a positive effect on mandatory disclosure. The
multiple regression in Table 3 shows that information technology has a significant positive effect
with mandatory disclosure at a significance level of 0.05, thus H1 is accepted. These results support
previous research by (Hai, 2015) which states that information technology encourages improving
the quality of accounting information implementation.
Mimetic isomorphism expresses uniformity of structure or chart through imitating other
similar organizations due to environmental uncertainties such as: mandatory disclosure of SAK
ETAP for real sector cooperatives. Availability of information technology infrastructure and quality
human resources is very important in assisting in processing accounting data and financial reporting
including mandatory disclosures that are fair, transparent, and accountable. Information technology
infrastructure is increasingly affordable and more widely available in the market, which supports
the success of providing information technology infrastructure. The ability of human resources to
operate it is also getting better, with the availability of gadgets that are of increasingly high quality
and affordable prices, so that almost all people of all ages and groups are no longer taboo about
using gadgets. Availability of free and paid software facilities at affordable rates, for example: Bank
Indonesia has provided free android-based financial reporting software named “SIAPIK”,
Kemenkop UKM has also created accounting software for MSMEs, namely “LAMIKRO”.
The availability of information technology infrastructure is important to support the operation
of accounting software and other information technology-based applications. The government as
supervisor and supervisor of cooperatives is highly expected to provide information technology
infrastructure grant support, improve the quality of accounting software that is applicable and based
on SAK ETAP, which is suitable for use, especially cooperative business entities.
Hypothesis 2 (H2) the type of audit has a positive effect on mandatory disclosure. The results
showed that the type of audit was statistically significant (p value 0.01 < 0.050), thus the type of
audit had a significant positive effect on mandatory disclosure, so H2 was accepted.
Most cooperatives are SMEs, the need for an audit of financial statements is something that
still requires careful consideration by cooperative management and owners, especially for micro and
small scale cooperatives, cost considerations will be the main factor in deciding whether to be
audited or not, audited by an auditor internal or external auditors. Since the issuance of Permenkop
UKM Number 12 in 2015, real sector cooperatives are not required to be audited by external
auditors, but are decided through an annual member meeting.
Eduvest –Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2 Number 8, August 2022
1.533 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id
Furthermore, Permenkop UKM Number 20 in 2015 concerning the Implementation of
Cooperative Accountability, requires that cooperative financial statements be audited by an external
auditor as the cooperative's responsibility to its members. Previous research was conducted on
companies registered in both developing and developed countries using the type of audit as an
independent variable, this is because for companies that have been registered, of course auditing is
the obligation of every company as an effort to transparency and accountability in the financial
statements presented. The results of previous studies have shown that the type of audit has a
significant positive effect on disclosure, such as (Street & Gray, 2002), (Glaum & Street, 2003), and
(Owusu-Ansah & Yeoh, 2005). Gillis (2011) proved that Big Four Auditors are accepted as a
normative function in the accounting professional society in China, Big Four KAPs are considered
as one of the many international forces behind the process and development of accounting standards
adoption (Chand, Patel & Patel, 2005), thus also research in Vietnam (Hambrick, Finkelstein, Cho,
& Jackson, 2004).
Firm size, control variable has a significant effect on mandatory disclosure. The larger the
size of the company, the more willing it is to make mandatory disclosures of SAK ETAP, because
the more complex business activities are, demanding the reliability of information to increase the
trust of stakeholders.
Industry type, control variable has a moderately significant effect on mandatory disclosure.
The results of the analysis show that producer cooperatives tend to disclose higher than the types of
consumer cooperatives and service cooperatives.
CONCLUSION
This study aims to examine the effect of mimetic isomorphism and normative isomorphism
on mandatory disclosure of SAK ETAP in real sector cooperative business entities in Indonesia.
Multiple regression analysis was used to test the effect of the predictor variables on the mandatory
disclosure of SAK ETAP. The results showed:
1. The level of mandatory disclosure of SAK ETAP for cooperatives in Indonesia is still below
fifty percent, meaning that many cooperatives have not fully disclosed as required in SAK
ETAP.
2. The results of statistical analysis show that the information technology variable has a
significant positive effect on the mandatory disclosure of SAK ETAP. Information technology
infrastructure in the form of hardware and software, as a means to carry out information
technology-based business processes, is in line with the industrial era 4.0 and welcoming the
5.0 era. Provision of adequate infrastructure is one of the important factors in mandatory
disclosure to ensure transparency and accountability of information needed by stakeholders,
as well as ensure sustainability in running their business.
3. The type of audit has a significant positive effect on mandatory disclosure. The audit of
financial statements encourages professionalism, due to pressure from professional
organizations to disclose information in accordance with SAK ETAP, thereby increasing the
confidence of stakeholders in the information submitted and reliable in the context of making
economic decisions.
4. Firm size and industry type, as control variables, each have a significant and moderately
significant effect on mandatory disclosure. The size of the entity has more disclosure levels,
while the producer cooperative type has more mandatory disclosures.
The results of this study provide theoretical implications by adding insight into the
measurement of the level of mandatory disclosure for entities without public accountability, in the
perspective of institutional theory. The implication for management, members (investors), and
creditors, this research provides evidence on the determinants of mandatory disclosure, as a material
consideration for making policies related to mandatory disclosure practices to ensure accountability
and transparency. Future research is expected to consider the quality of mandatory disclosure of
SAK ETAP, in addition to collecting data a combination of primary and secondary data will be able
to get better results.
Sartono, Djoko Suhardjanto, Agung Nur Probohudono, Djuminah
Mandatory Disclosure of Sak Etap in Mimetic and Normative Isomorphism Perspective
on Real Sector Cooperatives In Indonesia 1.534
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