How to cite:
Azwaldi, Muliyadi, Rahmat Aswin Juliansyah. (2022). Public
Perception Of The Security Of Public Service Facilities In The Era Of
The Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Eduvest. Vol 2(9): Page
E-ISSN:
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Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2 Number 9, September, 2022
p- ISSN 2775-3735 - e-ISSN 2775-3727
PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF THE SECURITY OF PUBLIC
SERVICE FACILITIES IN THE ERA OF THE COVID-19
PANDEMIC
Azwaldi
1
, Muliyadi
2
, Rahmat Aswin Juliansyah
3
Undergraduate Study Program in Applied Nursing Department of Nursing Health
Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Palembang, Palembang, South Sumatra
123
Email: azwaldi03@gmail.com
1
, muliyadi@poltekkespalembang.ac.id
2
,
rahmad.aswin@gmail.com
3
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 is a relatively new disease where the cause, origin
of this virus is not known with certainty. This virus is very
dangerous, very easily transmitted to fellow humans. This
study aims to analyze Public Perceptions of the Security of
Public Facilities Services in the Era of the Covid 19
Pandemic. This research is an analytical survey research with
a cross-sectional study approach, which was carried out in
2020. The research respondents were people who were
parents of students majoring in nursing, collecting The data
was carried out using a google form questionnaire. The
analysis was carried out through univariate and bivariate
methods. From this research, it is known that respondents
with the average age of respondents are 34.75 years, 85.7% of
respondents are female, 90 respondents work as housewives,
99.1% are Muslim, and 125 respondents are rural people.
While the bivariate results of this study stated that there was
no correlation between age and public perception, there was
no significant difference in the average community perception
between men and women (p-Value 0.059), there was no
difference in public perception regarding the safety of health
care facilities. During the COVID-19 pandemic with the
respondent's occupation, there was no difference in
perception with religion (p-Value 0.362), and there was no
significant difference in the average perception of the type of
society (p-Value = 0.334).
KEYWORDS
Covid-19, Perception, Public Service, Security
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Azwaldi, Muliyadi, Rahmat Aswin Juliansyah
Public Perception Of The Security Of Public Service Facilities In The Era Of The
Covid-19 Pandemic
1906
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
INTRODUCTION
COVID-19 is a relatively new disease where the cause, origin of this virus
is not known with certainty (Chana, Yip, & To, 2020). This virus is very
dangerous, very easily transmitted to fellow humans. Transmission (transmission)
of this virus occurs through close contact between individuals where one of the
individuals has been previously infected, then expels or injects respiratory
droplets from coughing and sneezing (Ghinai et al., n.d.). This virus resistance is
quite strong, able to survive for three days with plastic or stainless steel and in
aerosol for three hours. It was even later found in feces, but it is not yet known
whether transmission through feces can occur (Ministry of Home Affairs Working
Team, 2020). The current incidence of COVID-19 infection worldwide has
reached 26.2 million with more than 867,000 deaths. In Indonesia alone until
September 4, 2020, COVID 19 had infected 184,000 with 7,750 deaths (4.2%),
while in South Sumatra 4,583 were infected and 262 people died (Arfan, Mayarni,
& Nasution, 2021). The COVID-19 infection has a broad impact on all aspects of
people's lives, not only the health aspect, the impact of this pandemic has also had
an impact on economic, social, political and community life. The government is
faced with various impacts that affect the life of the nation so that, after the
implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions in Several Regions (PSBB).
The implementation of the New Normal Adaptation Order (IMR) or New Normal
is carried out in several regions (Fajri, 2017). The implementation of the New
Habit Adaptation, it is possible to revive the socio-economic community which
has been hampered due to the Covid 19 pandemic with strict health protocol
restrictions, so that the community remains safe and productive. The
implementation of strict health protocols needs to be implemented, for tat
understanding, awareness and willingness of the community to behave positively
needs to be strengthened (Hastono, 2006). The easing of the PSBB has been able
to increase economic activity, however, it turns out that the easing of the PSBB
and the increase in social and economic activities of the community have an
impact on the spread of infection (Nasution, 2016). A number of infection clusters
related to socio-economic activities are increasingly evident, such as the
emergence of clusters of infections in companies, offices, markets, education,
Islamic boarding schools and clusters of restaurants, malls, mosques including
hospital service facilities that cause COVID infections which are increasing until
now (Fauziya & Wage, 2016). The health protocol that should be maintained is
not fully implemented by the community, as the community is even indifferent to
the spread of infection. The increasing violation of health protocols has resulted in
the spread of infection being uncontrolled (Mufidati, 2016). Through the family,
each individual is built on his knowledge, understanding and the formation of
behavior in accordance with health protocols. Therefore, the family as the smallest
structure of society needs to get the right understanding, so that the
implementation of a productive and healthy life can be implemented through the
adaptation of new habits in the community (Ghinai et al., n.d.).
The high incidence of COVID infections in the world, South Sumatra has
a detrimental impact on the community. A number of public services as infection
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2, Number 9 , September, 2022
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clusters began to be found such as market clusters, education, offices, places of
worship. Implementation of health protocols, especially in the public area, must
be carried out strictly. Positive public perceptions of the safety of public areas as a
basis for positive behavior to comply with health protocols need to be developed.
On this basis, the formulation of the problem in this research is how is the public's
perception of the security of public services in the Pandemic Era, as well as an
analysis of the characteristics of the community towards perceptions.
RESEARCH METHOD
This research is an analytic survey research with cross sectional design. The
independent variables include respondent characteristics age, gender, occupation,
type of society and religion, while the dependent variable is public perception of
the security of public service facilities in the era of the covid 19 pandemic.
This research was conducted in 2020 with a sample of parents of students
majoring in Nursing who were determined based on accidental sampling. The
measuring instrument in this study was a questionnaire in the form of a google
form where all samples were given 20 minutes to answer. Bivariate analysis in
this study used the Chi Square test.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1. Univariate Analysis
Table 1. Characteristics of Respondents (Age, Gender, Occupation, Religion,
Type of Society and Public Perception)
Characteristics
n
Percentage (%)
Age
< 35 years old
94
40,9
≥ 35 years old
136
59,1
Gender
Male
33
14,3
Female
197
85,7
Occupation
working
61
26,5
Unworking
169
73,5
Religion
muslim
228
99,1
Non-muslim
2
0,9
Type of Society
Urban
105
45,7
Rural
125
54,3
Public Perception
Good
126
54,8
Bad
104
45,2
Based on table 1. it is known that most of the respondents are the same age
or more than the mean with a percentage of 59.1% and a total of 136.
Azwaldi, Muliyadi, Rahmat Aswin Juliansyah
Public Perception Of The Security Of Public Service Facilities In The Era Of The
Covid-19 Pandemic
1908
Table 2. Characteristics of Respondents Based on Perceptions of Public
Service Security in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Public Perception
Public Service
Goo
d
Bad
n
Percentage
(%)
n
Percentage
(%)
Shopping center
76
33
154
67
Government Offices
77
33,5
153
66,5
Health services
112
48,7
118
51,3
Educational
institutions
73
31,7
157
68,3
Public transportation
140
60,9
90
39,1
Worship Center
78
33,9
152
66,1
Community
Activities
61
26,5
169
73,5
Based on table 2. it can be seen that the community has the highest good
perception of the safety of public transportation facilities with a total of 140
respondents (60.9%) and the highest bad perception of the security of public
services in community activities (wedding events) with 169 respondents (73).
,5%).
Characteristics of respondents with the average age of respondents is 34.75
years where this age is the age of the adult category (WHO, 2020). Perception
itself in terminology is a direct response from an absorption or process of
someone knowing some things through sensing. The perception of each individual
cannot be equalized so that there will be a lot of differences in perception between
individuals. One of them is the perception of perceived benefit which describes a
person's perception of the value or usefulness of a new behavior in reducing the
risk of getting a disease (Susanti & Apriyanti, 2016).
adopt a behavior that is considered good when they believe the new
behavior will reduce their risk for developing a disease. The results of statistical
tests between the age variable and public perception in this study using the
Pearson correlation test, it was concluded that there was no correlation between
age and public perception. Nursalam, (2014) states that age is an internal factor of
perception, where the older you are, the maturity and strength of a person will be
more mature in thinking and working. This study is in line with research
conducted by Mufidati, (2016) where the results of the study concluded that there
was no age difference on public perception with a p-Value of 0.409. In addition,
in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, with continuous news and education
provided by the government, it will certainly provide information on the dangers
of Covid-19 to people of various age groups, so that in this study, age does not
have a correlation or relationship with public perception. regarding the safety of
public service facilities in the Covid-19 pandemic (Supriatna, 2020).
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2, Number 9 , September, 2022
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According to Nursalam, (2014) regarding perception states that one of the
internal factors that support a person's perception is gender. According to (Eko &
Sinaga, 2018) states that there are differences in perceptions and expectations
between men and women. Women look more at appearance in detail, while men
pay less attention to it, men pay less attention and don't think too much about
something if it doesn't harm it, while women pay attention to small things
(Nursalam, 2014). The results of this study are not in line with the research
conducted by Eko regarding gender and perceptions of healthy living in 200
students of AkperYatnaYuanaLebak where from the research obtained a p-Value
of 0.041 which means that there is an influence and difference in the proportion of
perceptions between respondents of gender. male and female gender. However,
this study is in line with research conducted by (Mufidati, 2016) in his research
where a p-Value of 0.608 was obtained which also means there is no relationship
between gender and public perception.
The results of univariate research based on the type of work in this study
can be concluded that almost half of the respondents are not working or
equivalent to 73.5% with 169 respondents. From the results of statistical tests, it
can also be seen that the respondents who work and have a good perception are 40
respondents, while the respondents who do not work and have good perceptions
are 86 respondents.
2. Bivariate Analysis
Table 3. Relationship of Independent Variables (Age, Gender, Occupation,
Religion and Type of Society) with Public Perceptions of the Security of Public
Service Facilities in the Era of the Covid19 Pandemic.
Characteristics
Public Perception
P-Value
Good
Bad
Age
< 35 years old
49
52,1%
45
47.9%
0,591
≥ 35 years old
77
56,6%
59
43,4%
Gender
Male
22
66,7%
11
33,3%
0,196
Female
104
52,8%
93
47,8%
Occupation
working
40
65,6%
21
34,4%
0,068
Unworking
86
50,9%
83
49,1%
Religion
Muslim
125
54,8%
103
45,2%
1,000
Non-Muslim
1
50%
1
50%
Type of Society
Urban
57
54,3%
48
45,7%
0,995
Rural
69
55,2%
56
44,8%
Table 3. regarding the relationship of independent variables (age, gender,
occupation, religion and type of society) with public perceptions of the security of
public service facilities in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, it can be concluded
that there is no difference in public perception.
Azwaldi, Muliyadi, Rahmat Aswin Juliansyah
Public Perception Of The Security Of Public Service Facilities In The Era Of The
Covid-19 Pandemic
1910
Table 4. The Relationship between Age Independent Variables and Public
Perceptions of the Security of Public Service Facilities in the Era of the Covid-19
Pandemic
Public
Services
A
ge
Public Perception
P-
Value
Good
Bad
Shopping center
< 35 years old
37
39,4%
57
60,6%
0,121
≥ 35 years old
39
28,7%
97
71,3%
Government
Offices
< 35 years old
37
39,4%
57
60,6%
0,153
≥ 35 years old
29,4%
96
70,6%
Health services
< 35 years old
46
48,9%
48
51,1%
1,000
≥ 35 years old
66
48,5%
70
51,5%
Educational
institutions
< 35 years old
35
37,2%
59
62,8%
0,179
≥ 35 years old
38
27,9%
98
72,1%
Public
transportation
< 35 years old
58
61,7%
36
38,3%
0,938
Worship Center
≥ 35 years old
82
60,3%
54
39,7%
< 35 years old
35
37,2%
59
62,8%
0,548
≥ 35 years old
43
31,6%
93
68,4%
Community
Activities
< 35 years old
35
37,2%
59
62,8%
0,009
≥ 35 years old
43
31,6%
93
68,4%
Table 4. Explaining the relationship of the independent variable Age with
public perception of the security of public service facilities in the era of the covid
19 pandemic, it can be concluded that there is no difference in perception between
respondents aged more than 35 years and respondents aged less than 35 years.
Table 5. The Relationship between Gender and Public Perception of Public
Security Services in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Gender
Public Perception
P-Value
Good
Bad
Shopping center
Male
13
39,4
20
60,6
0,523
Female
63
32,0
134
68,0
Government Offices
Male
15
45,5
18
54,5
0,169
Female
62
31,5
135
68,5
Health services
Male
19
57,6
14
42,4
0,360
Female
93
47,2
104
52,8
Educational
institutions
Male
10
30,3
23
69,7
1,000
Female
63
32,0
134
68,0
Public transportation
Male
20
60,6
13
39,4
1,000
Female
120
60,9
77
39,1
Worship Center
Male
13
39,4
20
60,6
0,603
Female
65
33,0
132
67,0
Community
Activities
Male
13
39,4
20
60,6
1,000
Female
65
33,0
132
67,0
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
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Based on table 5. it can be concluded that most of the respondents, both
male, 20 respondents (60.6%) and 134 female respondents (68.0%) have a bad
perception and it means that there is no difference in perception between male
respondents. with women on the safety of shopping centers in the era of the Covid
19 pandemic.
Table 6. The Relationship between Work and Public Perception of
Public Service Security in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Public Services
Occupation
Public Perception
P-
Val
ue
Good
Bad
Shopping center
working
20
32,8
41
67,2
1,000
Unworking
56
33,1
113
66,9
Government
Offices
working
19
31,1
42
68,9
0,770
Unworking
58
34,3
111
65,7
Health services
working
33
54,1
28
45,9
0,403
Unworking
79
46,7
90
53,3
Educational
institutions
working
18
29,5
43
70,5
0,782
Unworking
55
32,5
114
67,5
Public
transportation
working
36
59,0
25
41,0
0,847
Unworking
104
61,5
65
38,5
Worship Center
working
23
37,7
38
62,3
0,567
Unworking
55
32,5
114
67,5
Community
Activities
working
12
19,7
49
80,3
0,213
Unworking
49
29,0
120
71,0
Based on table 6. it is known that 41 respondents who work and 113
respondents who do not work have a bad perception.
Table 7. The Relationship between Religion and Public Perception of
Public Services in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Public Services
Religion
Public Perception
P-Value
Good
Bad
Shopping center
Muslim
76
33,3
152
66,7
1,000
Non-Muslim
0
0
2
100
Government Offices
Muslim
77
33,8
151
66,2
0,553
Non-Muslim
0
0
2
100
Health services
Muslim
112
49,1
116
50,9
0,498
Non-Muslim
0
0
2
100
Educational institutions
Muslim
73
32,0
155
68,0
1,000
Non-Muslim
0
0
2
100
Public transportation
Muslim
139
61,0
89
39,0
1,000
Azwaldi, Muliyadi, Rahmat Aswin Juliansyah
Public Perception Of The Security Of Public Service Facilities In The Era Of The
Covid-19 Pandemic
1912
Non-Muslim
1
50,0
1
50
,0
Worship Center
Muslim
77
33,8
1
5
1
66
,2
1,000
Non-Muslim
1
50,0
1
50
,0
Community Activities
Muslim
61
26,8
1
6
7
73
,2
1,000
Non-Muslim
0
0
2
10
0
Based on table 7. it is known that there are 155 respondents who are Muslim
and have a bad perception of the security of educational institutions and 1
respondent is non-Muslim and has a bad perception of the security of educational
institutions, it is concluded that there is no relationship between religion and
public perception.
Table 8. The Relationship between Types of Society and Public Perceptions
in Public Services on Shopping Center Security in the Era of the Covid-19
Pandemic
Public Services
Type
of Society
Public Perception
P-Value
Good
Bad
Shopping center
Urban
43
41,0
62
59,0
0,028
Rural
33
26,4
92
73,6
Government Offices
Urban
39
37,1
66
62,9
0,348
Rural
38
30,4
87
69,6
Health services
Urban
55
52,4
50
47,6
0,372
Rural
57
45,6
68
54,4
Educational institutions
Urban
36
34,3
69
65,7
0,536
Rural
37
29,6
88
70,4
Public transportation
Urban
36
34,3
69
65,7
0,667
Rural
37
29,6
88
70,4
Worship Center
Urban
40
38,1
65
61,9
0,277
Rural
38
30,4
87
69,6
Community Activities
Urban
33
31,4
72
68,6
0,163
Rural
28
22,4
97
77,6
Based on table 8. it is known that respondents with the type of urban
community are 62 respondents and the type of rural community is 92 respondents
have a bad perception with p-Value = 0.28 (α = 0.05), which means that there is a
difference in perception between respondents with the type of urban society and
respondents with the type of rural community towards the safety of shopping
centers in the Covid 19 pandemic era. bad perception.
The results of the chi square test also concluded that the p-Value (0.068) or
greater than the alpha value so that it can be concluded that there is no difference
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2, Number 9 , September, 2022
http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id
in public perception regarding the safety of public health services during the
COVID-19 pandemic in respondents who work or do not work. The results of this
study are in line with research conducted by (Akhmad, 2015) where in their
research it can be concluded that there is no significant effect between work and
public perception. This is contrary to the theory put forward by (Akhmad, Satibi,
& Puspandari, 2015) which states that by working someone can do something
useful, gain good knowledge about something so that they understand better and
finally perceive something positive. However, during the Covid-19 pandemic, all
types of work felt how the impact started, starting from work from home (WFH),
not being able to work because of the PSBB, to ending in layoffs as a continuation
of the declining economy, this will certainly have an impact on the economy
Respondent (Chana et al., 2020).
Where all work will see the impact of Covid-19 so that they will give the
same perception of service and security to public service facilities, compliance
with health protocols, and also the efforts being made by the government, so this
theory also supports that there is no difference in public perception with the type
of work of the respondent..
Based on the univariate results regarding the respondent's religion, it can be
seen that almost all respondents are Muslim with 99.1% (228 respondents), and a
small proportion of respondents are Non-Muslim, namely 0.9% (2 respondents).
The meaning of religion itself can be different because it has several factors
including the opinion of Mukti Ali quoted by Adon Nasrullah Jamaluddin in his
book Religion and Social Conflict. These factors are first, experience in religion is
very subjective and individualistic, therefore sometimes everyone has a different
definition of religion. Second, in the discussion of Religion, it always involves the
strong emotions of each individual. The three conceptions of a person to define
religion are influenced by the goals and methods of his approach. Generally
everyone has a belief or belief in religion. A person's actions, behavior, and
perspective towards himself and others are influenced by the teachings of the
religion he adheres to. The importance of religion in a person's life is largely
determined by how he perceives the religion he believes or adheres to. In the
dictionary: Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary) perception is defined as
(1) consciousness: awarenees, (2) the awareness of objects on other data through
the medium of the senses, (3) the process or faculty of perceiving, (4) the result of
this: knowledge; etc, gained by perceiving, and (5) insight or intuition, as of as
abstract quality.
The understanding above explains that perception is a process of awareness,
namely awareness of an object that leads to an understanding, process or ability to
feel, the results of knowledge and so on which are obtained with feelings and
understanding or impulses that are abstract. Therefore, perception will lead
someone to understanding or giving meaning about something. In an article
written by (Chana et al., 2020) regarding the integrity of science and religion, he
stated that the integration of science (modern science) and religion in responding
to all humanitarian problems, including the Covid-19 pandemic, is expected to be
a solution, and both can play the same role. in ending this Corona epidemic. This
shows that any religion will view the COVID-19 pandemic as an epidemic whose
problems must be resolved immediately with various efforts that have been
implemented, such as 3M, and knowing other health protocols. However,
Azwaldi, Muliyadi, Rahmat Aswin Juliansyah
Public Perception Of The Security Of Public Service Facilities In The Era Of The
Covid-19 Pandemic
1914
Puspensos (2020) states that currently through various social media, we are
presented with various kinds of religious narratives that ignore, reduce, and even
"against" the Covid-19 preventive medical protocol. Among the religious
narratives that are quite popular in the community are concerning the theology of
death as God's prerogative, the Covid-19 pandemic as God's punishment for
human sins, there is no need to fear anyone, including Covid-19, except only God.
Social distancing is a strategy to shallow faith, and so on.
Based on the univariate results of this study, it can be seen that most of the
respondents belong to the category of rural community type where the rural type
community is 125 respondents (54.3%), while the remaining 105 respondents
(45.7%) are urban communities from the results of the Chi square test it is also
known that 57 respondents from urban communities have a good perception of
security services in general, and 69 respondents from rural communities have a
good perception of the security of public services. From this test, a p-value of
0.995 was also obtained, which means that there is no difference in the perception
of urban and rural communities on the perception of service security in the Covid-
19 pandemic era. Urban communities are people who live in urban areas where in
this study it means that people who live in the city of Palembang, in urban
communities the people tend to live with an individualistic attitude, but the
thoughts and insights of urban people are more open in accepting outside
influences or information. While rural communities are people who live outside
the city of Palembang, where rural communities themselves are defined as people
who live in rural areas with the characteristics of the community still being able to
interact intensively, having high solidarity and being a small group where they
will get information from of the group. This will affect the perception of rural
communities where this type of community trusts more what information is
provided
CONCLUSION
The results of the study regarding the relationship between the
characteristics of the variables of age, gender, occupation, religion and type of
society with public perception concluded that the p-Value is greater than the alpha
value so that there is no difference in public perception between age, gender,
occupation, religion, and type of society regarding security of public service
facilities in the era of the Covid 19 pandemic. The results of the research on the
relationship between the characteristics of the independent variables (age, gender,
occupation, religion, and type of society) on perceptions in each public service
(shopping centers, government offices, health services, educational institutions,
public transportation facilities, worship centers, and community activities)
concluded that there are differences in perceptions between adults and minors
regarding the safety of community activity facilities in the Covid 19 pandemic era
(p-Value = 0.009) and there are also differences in perceptions between urban and
rural communities regarding the safety of shopping center facilities in the Covid
19 pandemic era. (p-Value=0.028).
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2, Number 9 , September, 2022
http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id
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