How to cite:
Hamza Khalifa Ibrahim, Noor-Alhooda Milood Al-Awkally, Abdul
Samad, Hafeez ur Rehman Ali Khera, Waqar Zaib, Muhammad
Hamza. (2022). Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Psychological
Distress, Malignancy and Chronic Diseases: A Scoping Review.
Journal Eduvest. Vol 2(5): 1.017-1.021
E-ISSN:
2775-3727
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https://greenpublisher.id/
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2 Number 5, May, 2022
p- ISSN 2775-3735- e-ISSN 2775-3727
COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND ITS IMPACT ON
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS, MALIGNANCY AND
CHRONIC DISEASES: A SCOPING REVIEW
Hamza Khalifa Ibrahim
1
, Noor-Alhooda Milood Al-Awkally
2
, Abdul Samad³,
Hafeez ur Rehman Ali Khera
4
, Waqar Zaib
5
, Muhammad Hamza
6
1
Department of pharmacy, Higher Institute of medical Technology, Bani Waleed, Libya
2
Medical laboratory Department, High Institute of Science and Technology, Suluq,
Libya
3,4,5,6
Faculty of veterinary and Animal Sciences MNS University of Agriculture 25000,
Multan Pakistan
Email: hamzakhlifa2009@gmail.com, noornoor1973@gamil.com,
buzdarabdulsamad@gmail.com, hafeez.rehman@mnsuam.edu.pk,
waqar.zaib@mnsuam.edu.pk, hamzazulfqar5172@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Received:
April, 26
th
2022
Revised:
May, 14
th
2022
Approved:
May, 16
th
2022
At the end of February 2020, the lifestyles of individuals all over
the globe were drastically altered by the emergence of a new
illness known as COVID-19. This study aims to analyze covid-19
pandemic and its impact on psychological distress, malignancy
and chronic diseases. The research method used in this study
is a qualitative descriptive method. The type of data used in
this study is qualitative data, which is categorized into two
types, namely primary data and secondary data. Sources of
data obtained through library research techniques (library
study) which refers to sources available both online and offline
such as: scientific journals, books and news sourced from
trusted sources. The results of this study indicate that Covid-19
has a negative impact on the QOL of patients suffering from
cancer, distress, and chronic illness. Furthermore, it
exacerbates anaemia and fatigue in cancer patients, as well as
hypertension or diabetes in cardiovascular patients.
KEYWORDS
Psychological Distress, Malignancy, Chronic Diseases
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Hamza Khalifa Ibrahim, Noor-Alhooda Milood Al-Awkally, Abdul Samad,
Hafeez ur Rehman Ali Khera, Waqar Zaib, Muhammad Hamza
Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Psychological Distress, Malignancy and Chronic
Diseases: A Scoping Review
1.018
INTRODUCTION
At the end of February 2020, the lifestyles of individuals all over the globe were
drastically altered by the emergence of a new illness known as COVID-19 (F. M. S.
Muthanna & Samad, 2022) which is linked to avian Corona virus - an illness that invades
the lung of the birds (Samad et al., 2022). In response to the disease outbreak, health
institutions implemented essential amendments in individual’s management to minimise
the chance induced by both urgent and non-urgent people (Kaufman et al., 2020). Even
though the effect of COVID-19 outbreaks in various regions is unclear, delays in
management and therapy due to coronavirus worries, limitations on healthcare centres like
as lowered non-emergency admission to hospital and limited access to doctors can result
in a rise in progression of illness, a worse survival rate, and higher death rates, and
eventually death (Arif et al., 2022; Sharpless, 2020)
RESEARCH METHOD
The research method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The type
of data used in this study is qualitative data, which is categorized into two types, namely
primary data and secondary data. Sources of data obtained through library research
techniques (library study) which refers to sources available both online and offline such as:
scientific journals, books and news sourced from trusted sources. These sources are
collected based on discussion and linked from one information to another. Data collection
techniques used in this study were observation, interviews and research. This data is
analyzed and then conclusions are drawn.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
1. Effect of COVID-19 on Psychological Distress and Malignancies
Antipsychotic medications are widely used in the treatment of mental disorders,
mainly for the treatment of schizophrenia patients (Al-Awkally et al., 2022; F. M. S.
Muthanna et al., 2018). Some antipsychotics' anti-inflammatory characteristics may defend
against extreme COVID-19 by inhibiting the cytokine waves involved in its disease
development, according to growing evidence. According to study results, cancer patients
have elevated incidence of anxiety, nervousness, and distress than the general public, and
the longer the treatment plan, the greater the depression (Slimano et al., 2020; Tsaras et al.,
2018). Actions to prevent the cognitive and emotional anxiety of multiple patients,
extremely sensitive and susceptible cancer treatment patients, have long been made.
Meanwhile, given the extraordinary nature of the issue, exact assessment of the
consequences of outbreaks on the incidence of psychiatric illnesses among people with
cancer is required.
2. COVID-19 and Its Impact Of Immunosuppression Diseases
Immunotherapy is a major trigger for COVID-19 infection. Previous research
suggests that 2 percent of COVID-19 patients have malignancy (Desai et al., 2020), and
3.7 percent of COVID-19 patients have weakened immune systems (Mehta et al., 2020).
Clinical observations indicated that cancer related anaemia, and cancer related fatigue is
initial predictive factors of COVID-19 patients. Haematological and pathological
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2 Number 5, May 2022
1.019 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id
assessments, as well as bone marrow evaluations, may be valuable screening instruments
for people with cancer suffering from anaemia and fatigue (F. M. Muthanna et al., 2022) .
People with acute illness had considerably higher white blood cell (WBC) numbers and
lower lymphoid cells and hematocrit levels. These people also had increased levels of stress
hormones, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal function, and clotting indicators (Henry et al.,
2020). In COVID-19 patients, infections can cause an alteration in metal hematopoiesis
and decreased digestive intake, leading in less iron available for hematopoiesis and red
blood cells creation (Bellmann-Weiler et al., 2020). Further, anemia in patients with
chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently caused by a reduction in erythropoietin supply
by (KHALID, n.d.) and makes CKD patients more susceptible to COVID-19 illness. In this
regard, some research findings examined the connection between anemia, fatigue and the
intensity of the death rates of COVID-19. Numerous analyses performed in China revealed
that anaemic patients or those suffering from fatigue were much more likely to experience
severe illness and a higher risk of death. As a result, such patients' quality of life suffers (F.
M. S. Muthanna et al., 2020; F. M. S. Muthanna, Hassan, et al., 2021; F. M. S. Muthanna,
Karuppannan, et al., 2021) and their social lives too.
3. COVID-19 and Its Impact on Diabetes, Hypertension, and Chronic Kidney
Diseases
High blood glucose was completely liable for 1.6 million deaths, according to prior
studies. Another 2.2 million deaths were caused by hyperglycaemia (SHABIR &
MUTHANNA, n.d.-a). Almost half of all mortalities occur prior to the age of 70 (Feisul &
Azmi, 2013). Numerous troubles can arise due of diabetes, including impairment owing to
diabetic neuropathy, and the knowledge and awareness among such patients should rise
(SHABIR & MUTHANNA, n.d.-b). A recent review of 18 012 COVID-19 patients report that
hyperglycaemia and high blood pressure were mildly connected with COVID-19 intensity
and death rates, whereas the presence of heart disease was frequently linked with both
intensity and morbidity (de Almeida-Pititto et al., 2020; Manzoor, Amin, et al., 2022;
Manzoor, Maqbool, et al., 2022).
CONCLUSION
Covid-19 has a negative impact on the QOL of patients suffering from cancer,
distress, and chronic illness. Furthermore, it exacerbates anaemia and fatigue in cancer
patients, as well as hypertension or diabetes in cardiovascular patients. Future research
should concentrate on COVID-19 and its impact on social life in order to facilitate
interventions and treatments to reduce disease spread.
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Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Psychological Distress, Malignancy and Chronic
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