How to cite:

James Thoengsal, Miswar Tumpu. (2022). Ideal Factor Analysis of

Implementation Management Due to Waste Material of Building

Construction Materials on Contractor Projects In Indonesia. Journal

Eduvest. Vol 2(6): 1.081-1.088

E-ISSN:

2775-3727

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Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

Volume 2 Number 6, June, 2022

p- ISSN 2775-3735- e-ISSN 2775-3727

IDEAL FACTOR ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTATION

MANAGEMENT DUE TO WASTE MATERIAL OF BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ON CONTRACTOR

PROJECTS IN INDONESIA

James Thoengsal

, Miswar Tumpu

Assistant Professor Department Civil Engineering, University of

TechnologySulawesi, Indonesia

Assistant Professor Disaster Management Graduate School Hasanuddin

University, Indonesia

Email: Architect_james@yahoo.com, tumpumis[email protected]

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Received:

May, 26

2022

Revised:

June, 8

2022

Approved:

June, 11

2022

The implementation of building construction projects cannot

be separated from the problem of wasting costs, which is one

of the contributing factors due to the emergence of residual

materials during the construction process. The purpose of this

study is to identify and analyze the ideal indicators in the

application of construction material waste management in an

effort to reduce the impact of cost inefficiency due to the of

waste material so far, which in this study is viewed from the

point of view of the parties involved in the building project. The

results obtained from this study are that the ideal factor for

implementing the ideal construction material waste

management. Where at the planning/design stage, the most

priority variable category is the Selection of Low Waste

Materials, then at the procurement stage, namely the

Estimation and Ordering of Material Volume and at the

construction stage, namely the category Management

Commitment category variables. The direction of research

development is in the form of developing the concept of an

ideal building construction material waste management

model that can be applied by the construction operator, in this

case addressed to the contractor, planning consultant and

material supplier in an effort to reduce the impact of

James Thoengsal, Miswar Tumpu

Ideal Factor Analysis of Implementation Management Due to Waste Material of

Building Construction Materials on Contractor Projects In Indonesia 1.082

inefficiency in material costs during the construction process in

Indonesia.

KEYWORDS

Management, waste, materials, building, Contractor

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

INTRODUCTION

The process of increasing construction development activities in Indonesia,

especially in the City of Indonesia, is increasing from year to year, of course, it requires a

lot of resources in the form of money, labor, equipment, methods and, most importantly,

material resources. Seeing the reality of the problems in building projects in the field,

namely the management of waste material management that is not optimal by each

stakeholder which in the end often results in residual material if traced throughout the life

cycle of a building and its impact on environmental, cost and social aspects. The State of

Indonesia is a developing country in recent years, especially in the City of Indonesia which

is located in the eastern part of Indonesia, so that in carrying out economic, trade, business

and government activities it is necessary to provide supporting facilities and infrastructure

such as the construction of buildings. The current construction of the building leads to the

development of vertical and horizontal wide spans, this is due to the need for human

activities that continue to increase so that it requires a lot of building facilities. The increase

in building construction in Indonesia, especially in big cities such as Indonesia, is

increasing from year to year. The reality so far is that most of the implementation of

construction material waste management at the planning stage to implementation is still

low and not optimal, especially for private contractors compared to contractors [5,8].).

Previous studies have generally focused more on the identification phase of construction

material waste, but there are still very few research references in Indonesia that examine

the potential for implementing building material waste management in reducing the impact

of cost inefficiency during construction. The existence of data sources from previous

studies that show the impact of cost inefficiency due to the emergence of residual materials

during the building construction process due to the lack of application of waste

management. The proportion of material costs is around 40-60% of the total project cost

[10,12]. Where the proportion of overuncost contributions due to the emergence of residual

materials during the construction of buildings ranges from 3 to 135) %. The purpose of this

research is to identify the ideal material waste management concept in an effort to reduce

the cost inefficiency of building construction projects [1,3].

Management of waste material management is the responsibility of each

construction operator, starting from planners, implementers, suppliers, supervisors and

building owners. Poor management certainly has an effect on the generation of material

waste. The occurrence of construction material waste can be caused by one or a

combination of several sources and causes. Distinguish sources of construction material

waste into six categories: design-planning; procurement of materials; material handling;

implementation; residuals; others. The results of the research [3,7,8] in the Netherlands,

concluded the sources and causes of construction material waste based on the categories of

causes of waste material that have been made [7], construction waste management

encompasses the collection, transportation, storage, treatment, recovery and disposal of

waste and is defined as a comprehensive, integrated, and rational systems approach to

achieving and maintaining environmental quality and supporting sustainable development

[4,7,8].

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1.083 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id

The European Environment Information and Observation Network (EIONET) [2,6]

defines waste management as 'a strategic document designed to achieve the objectives of

waste management and waste prevention and recovery' in addition to health and

environmental impacts. Some significant effects on stakeholders and the project life cycle

in generating construction material waste according to the European Commission Join

Research Center Institute of Environment and Sustainability. Impact of Residual

Construction Materials The impact of the resulting waste material has an effect on several

aspects. From several literature studies, 3 (three) categories of waste material impacts have

been identified, including environmental, social and cost aspects [1]. Several references to

factors that cause a negative impact on the cost aspect of the results of construction material

waste.

Positive Potential Implementation of Construction Material Waste Management The

implementation of construction material waste management has become a standard that

must be applied by every stakeholder in an effort to reduce the impact. The potential

application of construction material waste management will have a significant positive

impact if it is carried out simultaneously and sustainably, especially in the type of building

project. The positive potential in implementation will certainly have an effect on

environmental, social and cost aspects. Several references to factors that have the potential

to be positive in reducing the impact on the cost spec. Construction Material Waste

Management Lifecycle Management The design and planning phases of planning provide

the best opportunity to prevent the generation of construction material waste [4,11], as

shown in the opportunity curve to minimize the impact of construction waste generation.

Opportunities still exist during the procurement, construction, operational and end-use

stages but the greatest impacts are generally made during the early planning stages. The

level of potential reduction of construction material waste has been investigated by Innes

[9], who suggested that 33% of all material waste on construction sites is due to failure to

implement measures [2, 5,9].

RESEARCH METHOD

Types of research conducted in the form of survey research with a descriptive

method by conducting a study by making a study of the identification of variables from the

ideal/effective model concept so that it can be used in predicting the effect of waste

management management in an effort to reduce the impact of cost inefficiency due to the

emergence of residual material during the process of building construction in Indonesia.

Respondents in this study were contractors as main contractors, planning

consultants/supervisors, sub-contractors, several material suppliers involved in the building

construction process and several academics/associations who are experts in the field of

construction waste.

Time the research was carried out for 3 (three) months after this research was

approved to be carried out) and then the research location was planned to be carried out on

several ongoing building projects and buildings that have been completed and those that

are in progress which in this case is carried out by the contractor and research case studies

were conducted in an Indonesian city.

Data types and sources the types and sources of data used in this study consisted of

primary data and secondary data with the following explanation primary data In this study,

it was obtained in the field through questionnaires, observations, documentation and

interviews with parties who understand the topic under study, including planning

consultants, implementing contractors, material suppliers and academics/associations, as

James Thoengsal, Miswar Tumpu

Ideal Factor Analysis of Implementation Management Due to Waste Material of

Building Construction Materials on Contractor Projects In Indonesia 1.084

well as observation data obtained from periodic independent observations on all project

locations that have been determined during the research survey. Secondary data In this

study, it was obtained through the results of library research in the form of journals,

reference books, journals, internet sites and other supporting documents that were accurate

and relevant to the study material [5,9,11].

Population and sample the type of population in this study is purposive / saturated

population or in other words the number of population is limited consisting of contractors

as main contractors, sub contractors, planning consultants and supervisors as well as several

material suppliers involved in the project. The research sample is architects and engineers

from the planning consultant, implementing supervision, both project managers, quantity

surveyors and quality surveyors at contracting companies who understand the problem

being researched at the project study location that has been determined and several

academics/associations who are experts in the field of construction waste. The sample was

selected using a purposive sampling technique, namely the selection of a sample that was

tailored to the needs. The sample technique used is the Slovin method with the following

equation:

……………………………… (1)

Where:

N: Number of samples

e: 95% precision level sig= 0.05 1.5.

Research Measure Variables The concept of the research model consists of

measuring variables consisting of 20 categorical variables and 133 sub-categories of

measuring variables. Where the main variables consist of the Design Phase consisting of:

Design Process, Modern Design Concepts, Design Standards, Material Selection, Design

Feasibility, Consultant Competence, Procurement Phase consists of: Budget, Purchase of

Materials and Contracts and Construction Phase consists of: Application of reused

materials, Fabrication Materials, Worker Competence, Management, Supervision, Policy,

Storage, Methods, Field Handling and Shipping Handling. Meanwhile, the cost impact

variable consists of construction financial costs and construction material waste

management implementation cost.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Population and Sample From the results of the sample recapitulation in Figure 1. it

is shown that the type of population in this study is purposive / saturated population or in

other words the population is limited consisting of contractors as main contractors, sub-

contractors, planning consultants and supervisors, several material suppliers who involved

in the project as well as several academics/associations who are experts in the field of

construction waste. From the results of the analysis, the minimum number of samples

allowed is ~ 95 samples.

1 Ne





Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

Volume 2 Number 6, June 2022

1.085 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id

Figure 1. Proportion of the number of samples of research respondents

So that based on the type of population that is limited, the number of samples in this

study was taken in total based on the number of research in the field which amounted to

125 samples of respondents. Where in detail can be described as follows, where the total

proportion of contractors is 67%, sub-contractors 16%, consultants 7%, material suppliers

6% and academics 4%:

Analysis of Implementation Level Design Phase From the results of the initial data

processing of the questionnaire results, it was found that the level of participation of

respondents' opinions on the priority/importance level of the implementation of the sub-

variables showed a fairly optimistic level where the average rage ranged from 4.2 to 4.8.

Where the lowest level is 1 = with a scale of very unimportant to apply, a scale of 2 = not

important, a scale of 3 = not too important, a scale of 4 = important and a scale of 5 = very

important.

Figure 2. Level of Implementation of Category Variables – Planning Stage

From the results of data processing in Figure 2. it is obtained that the level of

implementation level on the variables. The research category in the Design Phase includes

the Low Waste Material Selection Category which has an implementation level that is quite

James Thoengsal, Miswar Tumpu

Ideal Factor Analysis of Implementation Management Due to Waste Material of

Building Construction Materials on Contractor Projects In Indonesia 1.086

important to be applied with a level of 4.83 in reducing the impact of cost inefficiency. due

to the emergence of residual building construction materials, then Planner Competence

with level 4.72, Pre-Design with level 4.64, Design & Regulatory Standards with level

4.61, Design Planning with level 4.58 and Sustainable Design Concepts with level 4, 29.

The results of the analysis also provide a fairly logical perspective on the part of planning

practitioners/consultants at the planning stage where with good planner/consultant

competence it can be the main reference in producing optimal and accurate planning

designs in the implementation process later so as to avoid (Preventive) the emergence of

wastage of costs/cost inefficiencies resulting from the emergence of residual materials

during the building construction process.

Analysis of the Implementation Level of the Procurement Phase From the results of

the initial data processing of the questionnaire results, it was found that the level of

participation of respondents' opinions on the priority/importance level of the

implementation of the sub-variables showed a fairly optimistic level where the average rage

ranged from 4.2 to 4.8. Where the lowest level is 1 = with a scale of very unimportant to

apply, a scale of 2 = not important, a scale of 3 = not too important, a scale of 4 = important

and a scale of 5 = very important. From the results of data processing in Figure 3. it is

obtained that the level of implementation level on the variable.

Figure 3. Level of Category Variable Implementation – Procurement Stage

The research category in the Procurement Phase includes the Estimation and

Ordering of Material Volume categories which have an implementation level that is quite

important to be applied with a level of 4.79 in reducing the impact of deficiency. costs due

to the emergence of residual building construction materials, then Supplier Selection with

a level of 4.74, Contract Planning with a level of 4.64, and Budget Planning with a level of

3.9. This shows that in the actual field, the aspects of calculating the volume and ordering

materials at the procurement stage have a significant influence on the emergence of residual

materials in the field during the construction period. Therefore, the construction operator,

in this case specifically the implementing contractor, must pay more attention to the aspect

of calculating the volume of the planned work accurately in order to avoid and reduce the

impact of the emergence of residual materials during construction.

Analysis of Implementation Level Implementation Phase (Construction Phase) From

the results of the initial data processing of the questionnaire results, it was found that the

Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

Volume 2 Number 6, June 2022

1.087 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id

level of participation of respondents' opinions on the priority/importance level of the

implementation of the sub-variables showed a fairly optimistic level where the average rage

ranged from 4.2 to 4.8. Where the lowest level is 1 = with a scale of very unimportant to

apply, a scale of 2 = not important, a scale of 3 = not too important, a scale of 4 = important

and a scale of 5 = very important. From the results of data processing in Figure 4. it is

obtained that the level of implementation priority level is the highest variable in the

research category in the Construction Phase, namely the Management Commitment

Category with level 4.8 in reducing the impact of cost deficiency due to the emergence of

residual building construction materials, then Work Methods and Material Handling in the

Field (On Site Handling) with level 4.76, Material Storage Handling (Storage Handling)

with level 4.74, Delivery Handling with level 4.64, Regulations with level 4, 66,

Supervision with a level of 4.65, Worker Competence with a level of 4.5, Material Reuse

with a level of 4.48 and Application of Fabricated Materials with a level of 4.27. This is

empirically proven in the field where it shows that the implementation of a comprehensive

waste management implementation begins with a management commitment by the

construction operator, especially the contractor, this is because the consistency of

management commitment by the implementer is believed to have been able to reduce the

impact of cost inefficiency due to the emergence of waste material. at the construction stage

and can be a good synergy in other management strategies at the construction stage.

Figure 4. Level of Category Variable Implementation – Implementation Stage

The results of the data analysis test were also carried out using a validity test using

SPSS-22 software, where the r-count level > r-Product Pearson Moment was > 0.176 with

N=125 and the reliability test results were at a level > 0.7 (Cronbach's Aplha). From the

results of the data analysis above, it can be concluded that the data variables from the results

of the research questionnaire can be used for the next research process to determine the

relationship in the model concept to the impact of the cost of building construction

materials. The results of the analysis also resulted in a reduction in the number of sub-

variables from 133 sub-variables to 113 sub-variables through the process of testing the

validity and feasibility tests of research variables.

 
James Thoengsal, Miswar Tumpu 
Ideal Factor Analysis of Implementation Management Due to Waste Material of 
Building Construction Materials on Contractor Projects In Indonesia  1.088 
CONCLUSION 
 
The  results  obtained  from  this  study  are  that  the  ideal/effective  factor  for 
implementing the ideal construction material waste management is 113 sub-variables from 
the initial total of 133 sub-variable factors. Where in the planning/design stage the most 
priority variable category is obtained, namely the Selection of Low Waste Materials with 
a  level  of  4.83,  then  at  the  procurement  stage,  namely  the  Estimation  and  Ordering  of 
Material Volume with a level of 4.79 and at the construction stage, namely the Management 
Commitment  variable  category.  in  the  Field  with  level  4.8.  The  direction  of  the 
development of this research is expected to be in the form of developing the concept of an 
ideal building construction material waste management model that can be applied by the 
construction  operator  in  this  case  addressed  to  the  implementer/contractor,  planning 
consultant and material supplier in an effort to reduce the impact of inefficiency in material 
costs during the process. building construction in Indonesia. 
 
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