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Mega Octamelia. (2022). Determinants and Social Support of

Contraception Use. Journal Eduvest. Vol 2(5): 1.001-1.007

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2775-3727

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Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

Volume 2 Number 5, May, 2022

p- ISSN 2775-3735- e-ISSN 2775-3727

DETERMINANTS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT OF

CONTRACEPTION USE

Mega Octamelia

Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Science, University of Borneo

Tarakan, Indonesia

Email: [email protected]

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Received:

April, 26

2022

Revised:

May, 14

2022

Approved:

May, 16

2022

The population growth rate in Indonesia is still high. Indonesia

ranks 4th in the list of countries with the highest population

after China, India, and the United States. This population

growth rate is caused by several factors, namely birth factors,

death factors and migration factors. Efforts to deal with the

high rate of population growth is the use of contraception. The

purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants (age,

education, number of children, occupation) and social support

(husband support, cadre support) with the use of

contraception in the Mambirdan Timur Village, Tarakan City,

North Kalimantan. This research is a quantitative analytic

study with a cross sectional approach. The sample technique

used simple random sampling technique and obtained as many

as 42 people. Bivariate test in determining the relationship

between determinants and social support with the use of

contraception using chi square. The results showed that age (p

= 0.963), education (p = 0.408), number of children (p = 0.024),

occupation (p = 0.856), husband's support (p = 0.000) and

cadre support (p = 0.002). The conclusion of this study was that

there was a relationship between the number of children and

the use of contraception and there was a relationship between

husband's support and cadre's support with the use of

contraception.

KEYWORDS

Contraceptive, Determinant, Social Support

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

 
 
Mega Octamelia 
Determinants and Social Support of Contraception Use  1.002 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
The population growth rate in Indonesia is still high. According to Worldometers 
(2022) Indonesia ranks 4th in the list of countries with the highest population after China, 
India,  and  the  United  States.  In  2020,  Indonesia's  population  is  273  million  people 
(Worldometers, 2022). According to data from the Central Statistics Agency, in 2020 the 
percentage of the population in Kalimantan has increased compared to that in Java, which 
has decreased (BPS, 2021a). The population growth rate in North Kalimantan in 2020 
reached 4.04 percent even though the average national population growth rate was only 
1.25 percent (BPS, 2021b). 
This population growth rate is caused by several factors, namely birth factors, death 
factors and migration factors (BPS, 2021a). In 2020, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) for 
women of childbearing age (15-49 years) in some provinces including North Kalimantan 
is quite high at 2.64. This shows that this figure is still above the TFR target for 2021 from 
the BKKBN which is only 2.2. This TFR is the average number of children born to women 
of childbearing age (BKKBN, 2021). 
Birth factor is the biggest contributor to population growth rate. Efforts to deal with 
the high rate of population growth is the use of contraception (Nonvignon, 2014). There 
are  about  923  million  women  in  the  world  who  want  to  delay  pregnancy  by  using 
contraception.  However,  there  are  more  than  218  million  women  whose  contraceptive 
needs are not met (USAID, 2021). The high incidence of unmet need can lead to unwanted 
pregnancies,  risky  pregnancies,  and  an  increased  incidence  of  abortion  (Ratnaningsih, 
2018). 
The use of contraception plays a role in regulating the distance between pregnancy 
and birth, and can regulate the number of children desired in the family (Nonvignon, 2014). 
In addition, the use of contraception is also beneficial for reducing high-risk pregnancies, 
reducing the occurrence of abortion cases, increasing opportunities for women in terms of 
education  and  work,  reducing  HIV/AIDS  transmission,  and  improving  family  welfare 
(USAID, 2021). In accordance with the third goal of the Sustainable Development Goals 
(SDGs)  about  guaranteeing  good  health  and  welfare  for  all.  This  is  related  to  the 
empowerment and improvement of women's health status which can be achieved through 
family planning programs (United Nations, 2019). 
The level of contraceptive use in an area is related to the participation of women 
of childbearing age (15-49 years) in the Family Planning Program (KB). According to the 
Ministry of Health (2013) the number of women of childbearing age (WUS) in Indonesia 
is the largest in Southeast Asia. The percentage of women of childbearing age (15-49 years) 
and currently married who are using contraceptives in North Kalimantan is 44.57 percent 
(BPS, 2021). Couples of childbearing age (PUS) in Tarakan City who use contraception 
are 41.36 percent (BPS Kaltara, 2012). Whereas the national target for contraceptive use is 
62.16 percent (BKKBN, 2021). 
The  action  of  a  woman  to  use  contraceptives  is  influenced  by  various  factors 
(Firmansyah, et al, 2020). According to Marquez et al (2018) and characteristics of age, 
number  of  children,  marital  status,  education,  place  of  residence,  occupation,  religion, 
desire to have children again, knowledge, and sources of information on women affect the 
use of contraceptive methods. In addition, the support provided to individuals can also 
affect the use of contraception. This support is support given by family or community 
groups. This kind of support is social support (Putri and Widati, 2020). 
A preliminary study conducted in the East Mambirdan Village, Tarakan City on 10 
Women of Childbearing Age (WUS) found that 5 women did not use contraception because 
they  did  not  get  permission  from  their  husbands,  3  women  did  not  use  contraception 

Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

Volume 2 Number 5, May 2022

1.003 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id

because they were still young, and 2 women did not use contraception because of their

absence. desire to have children again in the near future. Based on this background, a

research was conducted on the determinants and social support of contraceptive use in the

East Mambirdan Village. The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants and social

support with the use of contraception in the East Mambirdan Village, Tarakan City, North

Kalimantan.

RESEARCH METHOD

The research used quantitative analytical research with a cross sectional approach

(Kurniawan and Agustini, 2021). The population in this study were all women of

childbearing age (WUS) in the Mambirdan Timur sub-district. The sample technique used

a simple random sampling technique, namely 42 people. The inclusion criteria in this study

are; willing to be respondents and women who have partners. The measuring instrument

used in this research is a questionnaire. Univariate analysis in this study was made in the

form of a frequency distribution table. Bivariate analysis used to find the relationship is chi

square.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Result

1. Frequency Distribution

Based on the results of the study, the frequency distribution of the dependent and

independent variables was obtained as follows;

Table 1.1. Frequency Distribution of Dependent and Independent Variables

Characteristics

Quantity (n)

Percentage (%)

Age

No Risk

at risk

64.3

35.7

Education

Low

High

54.8

45.2

Number of children

No Risk

at risk

38.1

61.9

Profession

Doesn't work

Working

42.9

57.1

Husband Support

Not supported

Supported

52.4

47.6

Cadre Support

Not supported

Supported

40.5

59.5

Contraceptive Use

Do not use

Use

59.5

40.5

Source : Data Primer, 2021

Based on table 1.1. From 42 respondents, it was found that most of the respondents'

ages were not at risk, namely 27 respondents (64.3%) and 15 respondents (35.7%) at risk.

Most of the respondents' education level was low, namely 23 respondents (54.8%) and

Mega Octamelia

Determinants and Social Support of Contraception Use 1.004

higher education was 19 respondents (45.2%). Most of the number of children included in

the risk category, namely 26 respondents (61.9%) and the number of children not at risk,

namely 16 respondents (38.1%). Most of the respondents worked, namely 24 respondents

(57.1%) and did not work as many as 18 respondents (42.9%). Most of the respondents

were not supported by their husbands, namely 22 respondents (52.4%) and were supported

by husbands totaling 20 respondents (47.6%). Most of the respondents were supported by

cadres, namely 25 respondents (59.5%) and 17 respondents were not supported by cadres

(40.5%). Most of the respondents did not use contraception, namely 25 respondents

(59.5%) and 17 respondents (40.5%) used contraception.

1. Statistical data analysis

Analysis of statistical data on the determinant variables and social support of

contraceptive use using the chi-square correlation test as follows;

Table 1.2. Chisquare Correlation Test

Variable

Contraceptive Use

p-value

Not Use

Use

Age

No Risk

at risk

59.3

40.7

0.963

Education

Low

High

65.2

52.6

34.8

47.4

0.408

Number of

children

No Risk

at risk

81.2

46.2

18.8

53.8

0.024

Profession

Doesn't work

Working

61.1

58.3

38.9

41.7

0.856

Husband Support

Not supported

Supported

86.4

13.6

0.000

Cadre Support

Not supported

Supported

88.2

11.8

0.002

Based on table 1.2. p-value = 0.963 > 0.05 for age, p-value = 0.408 < 0.05 in education,

p-value = 0.856 > 0.05 for work, so it can be concluded that there is no relationship between

age, education and occupation on contraceptive use.

Based on table 1.2. p-value = 0.024 < 0.05 on the number of children, p-value = 0.000

< 0.05 on husband's support, p-value = 0.002 < 0.05 on cadre support, so it can be

concluded that there is a relationship between the number of children, husband's support

and cadre support with the use of contraception in the East Mambirdan Village, Tarakan

City.

B. Discussion

1. Relationship of Number of Children with Contraceptive Use

The results of statistical tests obtained p-value = 0.024 <0.05 so it can be concluded

that there is a relationship between the number of children and the use of contraception.

Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies 
Volume 2 Number 5, May 2022 
 
1.005    http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id 
This is also in accordance with research conducted by Mola (2019) which states that the 
factor most related to the use of contraception is the number of children. Women will be 
more aware of using contraception if they want to adjust the birth spacing and the desired 
number of families is as expected. Research from Firmansyah et al (2020) also states that 
there is a relationship between the number of children and the use of contraception. 
Women of childbearing age who have more than two children, they will prefer to limit 
the  number  of  children  they  will  have  with  their  partners.  Research  conducted  by 
Nonvignon (2014) states that with a smaller number of family members, they will be able 
to prepare for quality education and health compared to a larger number of family members. 
Research from Weni et al (2019) there is a relationship between the number of children and 
the use of contraception. This affects the economic preparation, health needs, and education 
costs that must be met by parents and requires great attention to each child. 
2. Relationship between husband's support and contraceptive use 
Statistical test results obtained p-value = 0.000 <0.05 so it can be concluded that there 
is a relationship between husband's support and contraceptive use. Research from Beson et 
al (2018) states that contraceptive use is also influenced by the permission and support 
factor of the partner. Spouses (husbands) have an important influence in decision-making 
in the family, including the use of contraception and the method or type of contraception 
used. 
Other forms of husband support in terms of contraceptive use can also be in the form 
of providing funds, reminding couples to control, escorting couples to get contraceptive 
services, and granting permission to use the type of contraception that will be used by their 
partners (Weni et al, 2019). Husband's support is very important to maintain the continuity 
of  contraceptive  use.  Especially  if  the  husband  has  extensive  knowledge  about 
contraception (Budiarti et al, 2017). 
Husband's support can also be done by participating in contraception counseling so 
that they can learn about contraceptive methods. In addition, the husband's support can be 
in the form of support for the choice of contraception that his partner will use, showing 
understanding and support if the partner experiences side effects, and using condoms if 
experiencing STI/HIV (Johns Hopkins, 2018). This husband's support is included in social 
support  because  the  husband  provides  emotional  support  and  instrumental  support  by 
accompanying the couple to get contraceptive services (Putri and Widati, 2020). Without 
social support (social support) from the husband, it will result in a decrease in contraceptive 
use and can even lead to drop out of contraceptives. 
3. Relationship between Cadre Support and Contraceptive Use 
The results of statistical tests obtained p-value = 0.002 < 0.05 so that it was concluded 
that there was a relationship between cadre support and contraceptive use. This result is in 
accordance with the research of Widayati, et al (2021) which also stated that there was a 
relationship between cadre support and interest in using contraception. The relationship 
between cadre support and the use of contraception could be due to the role of cadres as 
health motivators, health educators and health service providers. The motivation of these 
cadres can create community empowerment to improve family health, including the use of 
contraception (Susanto, et al., 2017). 
In  addition,  there  are  several  things  that  can  make  it  easier  for  cadres  to  provide 
motivation and advice on the use of contraception in the community in their environment, 
including the attitudes of  cadres, beliefs, traditions, and values in the community itself 
(Pastty, et al., 2022). This cadre support is a form of social support because the cadres 

 
 
Mega Octamelia 
Determinants and Social Support of Contraception Use  1.006 
 
provide information support and appreciation support to the community. This appreciation 
support can be done by providing support when family planning acceptors make decisions 
about the contraceptive method to be used (Putri and Widati, 2020). 
 
CONCLUSION 
 
Determinants of age obtained a value (p = 0.963), education with a value (p = 0.408), 
and  occupation  with  a  value  (p  =  0.856)  so  that  it  can  be  concluded  that  there  is  no 
relationship between age, education and occupation on contraceptive use. The determinant 
in  the  use  of  contraception  which  was  stated  to  have  a  relationship  with  the  use  of 
contraception was the number of children with a value (p= 0.024). Social support which is 
stated to have a relationship with contraceptive use is husband's support value (p= 0.000) 
and value cadre support (p= 0.002). 
 
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