ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SME’S : A SCOPING REVIEW

The purpose of this scoping review is to verify the evidence that is already available regarding the entrepreneurial orientation and internationalization of SMEs. Researchers used the model from Arskey and O'Malley to perform the scoping review method and the PRISMA flowchart to identify the literature found. Researchers found 13 relevant articles related to entrepreneurial orientation and the internationalization of SMEs. Risk-taking, inventiveness, and proactiveness are all important components of an entrepreneurial mindset, and they are all important contributors to effective internationalization. This shows that an entrepreneurial orientation is needed by SMEs to move towards internationalization.


INTRODUCTION
Due to beneficial to economic growth, small business internationalization is an important component of economic development and firm expansion (Ngoma, Ernest, Nangoli, & Christopher, 2017). In developing economies, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are responsible for the majority of jobs, welfare, tax revenues, products, and poverty alleviation (Ahimbisibwe, Nkundabanyanga, Nkurunziza, & Nyamuyonjo, 2016). They ensure that the economy has access to the ideas, skills, and innovations it needs to encourage competitiveness and effective resource allocation (Ahmed & Nwankwo, Entrepreneurial Orientation and Internationalization of SME's: A Scoping Review 939 2013). As a result, it's not unexpected that many studies are still being undertaken in order to identify techniques for improving SME performance (Lussier, Bandara, & Marom, 2016). The (OECD, 2009), underlines the importance of internationalization of entrepreneurship among SMEs, given to the observed growth consequences of cross-border ventures and their shown ability to drive economic development at national, regional, and global levels. Internalization of SMEs has been recognized as a means of increasing the economic and social development of emerging countries in this regard (Ngoma et al., 2017).
Internationalization is defined as "the process through which a company expands its operations beyond its native market" (Javalgi & Todd, 2011). The process of expanding involvement in international business is known as internationalization (Kim, 2017). The growth of SME internationalization has sparked interest in theoretical frameworks that may describe and analyze SME internationalization processes throughout the last few decades (Ngoma et al., 2017). Research on internationalization has mainly focused on large firms, particularly Multinational Companies (MNCs) (Ngoma et al., 2017). As a result, it's crucial to grasp the entrepreneurial dynamics that influence SMEs' internationalization from a behavioral standpoint.
Entrepreneurial orientation (EO), or a company's willingness to become an entrepreneur , is an important factor in the internationalization process (Andersén, 2010). (Javalgi & Todd, 2011;Ripollés-Meliá, Menguzzato-Boulard, & Sánchez-Peinado, 2007). Entrepreneurial orientation in the international environment is a research issue that has been carefully researched within studies on international entrepreneurship, which has helped to consolidate entrepreneurship and international business notions. (Wach, Glodowska, & Maciejewski, 2018). The entrepreneurial dynamics are examined through the lens of the firm's Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), which reflects the firm's willingness and ability to engage in entrepreneurship (Ngoma et al., 2017).
Numerous empirical studies have found a beneficial relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and the internationalization process (Etemad, 2015;Swoboda & Olejnik, 2016;Yiu, Lau, & Bruton, 2007;Yoon, Kim, & Dedahanov, 2018). Only a few studies have shown no link between entrepreneurial approach and internationalization or have found a negative link between the two factors (Zahra & Garvis, 2000). This study aims to emphasize the importance of entrepreneurial orientation for SME globalization. The purpose of this study is to show that if SME's want to access the international market, the empowerment of entrepreneurial orientation in the SME sector can help them do so.

RESEARCH METHOD
The study used a scoping review method developed by (Arksey & O'Malley, 2005) and (O'Brien, 2010). The Scoping Review allows examination of all relevant evidence on a particular issue without considering the design of individual studies, but remains systematic and with rigorous processes (O'Brien, 2010

Bounded between EO and Internationalization
This research question is important to identify because it will guide the search strategies built by researchers (Arksey & O'Malley, 2005). The research question is as follows: What are the relations between entrepreneurial orientation and the internationalization of SME?

Literature Selection
At this stage the researcher selects the literature obtained based on criteria that the researcher has determined in accordance with the purpose of the study (Arksey & O'Malley, 2005;O'Brien, 2010). Researchers used PRISMA flowcharts to document the literature selection process in this study (Liberati et al., 2009). Here is the PRISMA flow diagram from this study:

Preparation and Reporting of Results
Researchers summarize and compile the selected literature and then report the results in the results and discussions. The original searc conducted in March 2022 yielded 406 potentially relevant citations. After deduplication and relevance screening, 13 citations met the eligibility criteria based on title and abstract and the corresponding full-text articles were procured for review.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This scoping review presented evidence on the role of entrepreneurial orientation on internationalizion of SME from studies published between January 2017 to December 2021. The review showed that a total of 13 studies were published within the period from developing country. Most of the studies were conducted in South Korea (28%) and other country such as Spanyol, Portugal, Polandia, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, Uganda, Swiss, Oman, dan New Zealand only 8% or one article each country. Moreover, the majority of the studies were quantitative and only one aticle used qualitative approach. The review further revealed that the entrepreneurial orientation positively related to the internationalization of SME.
The first article hypotesis about the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on the level of internationalization of a firm positively verified, especially in relation to innovativeness and risk-taking. The researcher found that risk-taking and innovativeness have positive impacts on the level of internationalization (Wach et al., 2018). Greater entrepreneurial orientation increases the number of foreign markets in which a given firm operates.
The second article, the international orientation of entrepreneur is also positively related to the degree of internationalization of SMEs in Korea (Kim, 2017). Entrepreneur or managers of SMEs who implement programs to foster positive attitude towards expanding internationally among employees and demonstrate the importance of thinking outside the domestic market will improve the probability of success and create a competitive advantage of a firm. The next article stated entrepreneurial Orientation influences how firms operate, make decisions and use innovation activities to influence export performance (Ribau, Moreira, & Raposo, 2017). The remain article also has same empirical finding with the other articles.

CONCLUSION
The scoping review framework that researchers present has five stages, namely identifying research questions, searching for relevant literature, selecting literature, mapping and collecting literature and compiling and reporting results. Our study findings indicate all of the article has positive related between entrepreneurial orientation and internationalization.
Nowadays, one of the most hotly debated topics in internationalization research is entrepreneurial orientation. The major components of entrepreneurial orientation include risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness, all of which are important causal elements in successful internationalization. Incorporating the concept of knowledge into discussions about entrepreneurial orientation and internationalization appears to be a natural fit based on theoretical concepts; nevertheless, empirical research has mostly ignored this topic.
Understanding the fundamental principles and characteristics of firm managers' entrepreneurial attitude can be a huge help for SMEs looking to chart a clear path to international enterprise. Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) had a significant impact on the development of the organizational capabilities required for internationalization, according to a study of SMEs.