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Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies Volume 4 Number 10, October,
2024 p-
ISSN 2775-3735- e-ISSN 2775-3727 |
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STRATEGIES
FOR UTILIZING VILLAGE FUNDS FOR ECONOMIC RECOVERY OF COMMUNITIES
POST-COVID-19 PANDEMIC |
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Ni Putu Sukrini Universitas Pendidikan Nasional, Bali, Indonesia |
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ABSTRACT |
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The end of the Covid-19 pandemic
does not immediately change the economic situation of the community. Various
efforts have been made by the government, including enhancing economic
conditions at the village level. Since 2015, village funds have been directed
toward equitable development, and during the pandemic, their use was
prioritized for Covid-19 prevention. To support economic recovery, the
government established priority policies for utilizing village funds. This
study aims to identify the village government’s strategies in using these
funds for economic recovery, as well as the obstacles and supporting factors
in implementation, and the impacts felt by the community and the village
government. The research was conducted in Taro Village, Tegallalang
District, Gianyar Regency, using a qualitative descriptive approach through
interviews, observations, and documentation. Informants were selected through
purposive sampling. The findings indicate that Taro Village Government’s
strategies include food security programs, infrastructure development for
agriculture, tourism village development, BLT programs, and labor-intensive
programs. Challenges faced include limitations in managing village funds
according to community needs and inadequate human resources. Supporting
factors include community participation, cooperation between village services
and customary institutions, and local natural potential. Positive impacts for
the community include job creation and business opportunities, while the
village government benefits from CSR assistance from companies to support
village programs. |
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KEYWORDS |
Village Funds, Economic Recovery,
Strategies, Community, Post-Covid-19 Pandemic. |
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This work is
licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike
4.0 International |
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INTRODUCTION
Villages have a very large opportunity to regulate and
manage their own government and carry out development to improve the welfare
and quality of life of village communities since the enactment of Law Number 6
of 2014 concerning Villages
The Village Government has received direct funding
from the Central Government which is transferred directly to the Village Cash
Account in the context of implementing community development and empowerment
since 2015.
Based on the data obtained, the number of ceilings for
the Village Fund continues to increase from year to year. This reflects the
government's seriousness in advancing and prospering the community from the
smallest element, namely the village
The existence of Corona Virus Disease 2019
(COVID-19), which was first discovered in Wuhan, China, shocked the world
towards the end of 2019. This virus soon
spread to all parts of the world, including Indonesia. Until the initial
priority of the Village Fund planned for development shifted and could not be
realized due to regulations that mandated a refocus of the Village Fund budget
for BLT
Since
2022, the use of Village Funds has been prioritized based on a percentage
allocation to support the national economic recovery program, reflecting the
impacts of the global pandemic that began affecting Indonesia in 2021. This
allocation is governed by Presidential Regulation Number 104 of 2021, which
outlines the National Revenue and Expenditure Budget for Fiscal Year 2022.
According to Article 5, the Village Funds must be utilized as follows: at least
40% for social protection programs, including direct cash assistance to
villages; at least 20% for food and animal security programs; at least 8% for
COVID-19 handling support programs; and the remaining funds for other priority
programs as stipulated by relevant laws and regulations.
The existence of the
COVID-19 pandemic greatly affects development in all fields, so the government
takes policies for national economic recovery for development
National priority programs, according to village
authority, include: a). Village data collection,
mapping of potential and resources, and management of information and
communication technology as an effort to expand partnerships for village
development; b). Development of tourism villages for equitable village economic
growth, c). Strengthening vegetable and animal food security to realize a
hunger-free village, d). Prevention of stunting to realize a healthy and
prosperous village and e). Inclusive village development to increase overall
community involvement in village development.
The use of village funds for natural and
non-natural disaster mitigation includes: a).
mitigation and handling of natural disasters, b) mitigation and handling of
non-natural disasters, c). realizing a poverty-free village through Direct Cash
Assistance from Village Funds.
Based on the data obtained, the amount of
Village Funds received by each in Gianyar Regency in 2022 is Rp. 704,411,000 to
Rp. 1,360,908,000. Where the village that received the lowest funding was Tegal Tugu Village, and Taro
Village obtained the highest by paying attention to the basic allocation,
formula allocation, and performance allocation. Performance allocation is an
indicator of calculating the distribution of village funds based on the
performance of the village government in managing village funds. In Gianyar
Regency, there are 10 (ten) villages that received performance allocations,
including Kemenuh Village, Singapadu
Kaler Village, Batuan Kaler Village, Saba Village, Pering
Village, Lodtunduh Village, Singakerta
Village, Kedewatan Village, Taro Village and Puhu Village.
Based on the data
obtained, Taro Village, as the recipient of the most performance allocations
and Village Funds in Gianyar Regency, prioritizes village funds for the
provision of BLT, which is Rp.594,000,000 for 165 KPM (Beneficiary Families),
while other villages that receive performance allocations allocate village
funds for BLT between 115 KPM – 138 KPM. Judging from the data above in Taro
Village, it still prioritizes the provision of direct cash assistance to the
community as one of the efforts in the economic recovery of the community.
In accordance with the provisions contained in
Article 33 of the Regulation of the Minister of Planning of the Republic of
Indonesia Number 190/PMK.07/2021 concerning the Management of Village Funds,
the criteria for recipients of Village Fund Direct Cash Stones are as follows:
1). poor or indigent families domiciled in the village concerned and
prioritized for poor families who are included in the category of extreme
poverty, 2). loss of livelihood, 3) having family members who are vulnerable to
chronic/chronic illness,
3) poor families who receive other social safety nets that have
stopped either from the APBD and/or from the APBN, 5) poor families who are
affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and have not received assistance, and 6)
households with elderly single household members.
Based on previous research, in the
implementation of policies on BLT Village Funds, obstacles are still found,
including the limited capacity of the village government apparatus itself, so
that in the preparation and determination of community data on BLT Fund
recipients are still outside the provisions, lack of socialization to the
community, so that there are differences of opinion in the community about the
criteria for BLT Village Fund recipients
Based on the background and results of previous
research, more in-depth research is necessary to determine the Strategy for the
Utilization of Village Funds for community economic recovery after the COVID-19
pandemic.
RESEARCH
METHOD
This study uses a qualitative descriptive method that
aims to describe in depth the use of village funds for community economic
recovery in Taro Village, Gianyar Regency. The researcher chose this location
because Taro Village is one of the largest recipients of village funds in
Gianyar Regency and has won various awards even during the pandemic. The data
used in this study was obtained from two main sources, namely primary data
through interviews with key informants, such as village heads, village officials,
and beneficiary communities, and secondary data in the form of related
documents such as APBDes and village fund realization
reports.
The data collection techniques used include
semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations, and documentation.
The data obtained were analyzed using data reduction techniques, data
presentation, and drawing conclusions in accordance with the analysis methods
from Miles and Huberman. The data collected is then verified through
triangulation to ensure its validity. The results of this study are expected to
provide a comprehensive understanding of how village funds are used to support
the economic recovery of the community in Taro Village, as well as the impact
felt by the community and the village government from the implementation of the
policy.
RESULT
AND DISCUSSION
Village Government
Strategy in Utilizing Village Funds for Community Economic Recovery
The Village Government, in planning village
development in accordance with its authority, follows the direction of the
district/city development plan. The Village Development Plan includes the
Village RPJM and Village RKP which are prepared within a certain period of time and decided through Village Regulations. The
Village RPJM plans development within a period of 6 years, while the Village
RKP or Village Government Work Plan regulates the development program in a
year.
In determining the planning of the annual
program of the Taro Village government, it carried out village deliberations
involving BPD, Village Government, Village Community Institutions,
representatives of community groups, and community leaders organized by BPD. In
this village deliberation, the village government absorbs the aspirations
conveyed by the participants of the deliberations, which will later be
determined in the minutes of the village planning deliberations. In accordance
with the regulations, after the village development planning proposal is
determined, the village government will formulate a Village Government Work
Plan (RKP) prepared by a team formed by the Village Head. The Village RKP
Preparation Team scrutinizes the Village RPJM, Programs and Policies issued by
the Central Government, Provincial Regional Governments, and Regency Regional
Governments, and proposals from the community in accordance with the authority
of the village.
In accordance with regulations, the Village
Government, in determining the programs that will be implemented every year,
has been in accordance with the provisions, namely having carried out village
deliberations to accommodate the aspirations of the community in village
development planning; this is in accordance with the principle of village
financial management, namely participatory village development planning. Of
course, the matters discussed in development planning must not be separated
from the Village RPJM, program synergy from the Central Government, Provincial
Regional Governments, and Regency Regional Governments.
In accordance with the priority program for the
use of village funds regulated by the Regulation of the Minister of Villages,
Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration, where there are
programs that have been determined for the amount of
use of funds since 2022, namely Village BLT and Food Security. Meanwhile, other
programs are in accordance with the priority of using village funds, namely
national economic recovery in accordance with village authority, national
priority programs in accordance with village authority, and natural and
non-natural disaster mitigation and handling programs in accordance with
village authority adjusted to village needs.
In accordance with the mandated provisions,
especially in the use of village funds that have been discussed through village
deliberations, proposed village development planning, which is stipulated in
the Village RKP and has been budgeted in the APBDes,
for the national economic recovery program based on the authority of the
village, the Taro Village Government has determined the Village Fund direct
cash assistance program (BLT) in accordance with the provisions, the
village-level food security program and the tourism village development program
as an effort to revive the economy of the community in Taro Village.
The draft Village Revenue and Expenditure
Budget that has been discussed with the Village Government and BPD before being
submitted to the Regent through the Sub-district Head for approval is
stipulated as a Village Regulation on the Village Revenue and Expenditure
Budget. This is based on the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number
20 of 2018 concerning Village Financial Management.
The Draft Village
Regulation regarding the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APB Desa) must be accompanied by at least the following
documents:
a. A letter of introduction explaining the
purpose and purpose of the Draft Village Regulation on the Village Budget.
b. Draft Village Regulations prepared by Perbekel regarding the detailed elaboration of the Village
Budget.
c. Village Regulation containing the Village
Government Work Plan (RKP Desa) for the year
concerned.
d. Village Regulations that regulate authority
based on the right of origin and local authority applicable at the Village level.
e. Village Regulation explaining the
establishment of reserve funds, if there are reserve funds available.
f. Village Regulations regulating capital
participation, if the Village has a plan to include capital in certain
projects.
g. Minutes of the results of the deliberations
of the Village Consultative Body (BPD), which includes agreements and results
of discussions related to the Draft Village Regulation on the Village Budget.
These documents are an
important foundation in the preparation and submission of the Draft Village
Regulation on the Village Budget, as well as ensuring transparency and
participation in the decision-making process at the village level.
The implementation of
verification at the sub-district level is carried out based on the Gianyar
Regent Regulation Number 68 of 2020 concerning the Delegation of Evaluation of
the Draft Village Regulation on the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget and
the Perbekel Regulation on the Elaboration of the
Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget to the Sub-district. In carrying out the
verification task, a RAPBDes Verification Team was
formed, which was determined by the Sub-district Decree. The task of the team
that has been formed is to report on documents related to the preparation of
Village Regulations on Village Revenue and Expenditure Budgets.
The Taro Village Government, in determining and
developing an activity program based on the conditions that exist in the
community and the potential possessed by the village and to implement the
program later, of course, must also receive support and involve all levels of
society to realize its vision and mission. All policy programs set in the APBDes, in addition to being conveyed in the musdes, are published through the village website and with
billboards installed in strategic places.
Source:
Taro Village
Figure 1. Taro Village
APB Billboard
To get support in the implementation of
programs set by the Village Government, transparency is very important. So that
what is carried out in the village can run according to the plan that has been
determined. The policy strategy set by the Taro Village Government in an effort to recover the community's economy is through
the following programs:
1.
Village-level Food Security Program
The
National Priority Program that is the focus of the use of Village funds for the
2022 fiscal year is to strengthen food security, both in terms of plants
(plants) and animals (livestock), with the aim of realizing a village that is
free from hunger. The definition of food in this context includes all
agricultural, plantation, forestry, fishery, livestock, aquatic, and water
products used as food or beverages by humans. This includes additives, raw
materials, and other materials used in the process of preparation, processing,
or manufacturing of food or beverages. Food security is a condition in which
food needs from the national to individual levels are met, which is reflected
in the availability of sufficient, quality food both in terms of quantity and
quality, safe, varied, nutritious, equitable, and affordable. In addition, the
food available must also be in accordance with the religious values, beliefs,
and culture of the community so that it can support a healthy, active, and
productive life in a sustainable manner.
The food
security program in Gianyar Regency has been started since 2019; where on April
4, 2019, the Regent of Gianyar launched the program under the name Puspa Aman.
Puspa Aman includes the efforts of each household to produce fresh food using
its own yard land, as well as building a network between households. This
program is characterized by the existence of a joint seed house that functions
optimally so that the provision of fresh food on a diverse, nutritious,
balanced, and safe regional scale can be created with the support of all
related parties.
The Puspa Aman program
itself focuses on the use of environmentally friendly yards and is aimed at
strengthening food security and independence by developing a variety of foods
based on local resources, caring for food genetic diversity such as plants, livestock,
and fish, maintaining sustainability through the village nursery program, and
increasing community income and welfare. This Regent's policy is increasingly gaining support after,
in 2021, the Central Government, through the Ministry of Villages and the
Ministry of Finance, issued a regulation requiring a minimum allocation of 20%
of the 2022 Village Fund to support the Food Security program.
The Permendes policy that regulates
the use of Village Funds for food security 20 percent has been implemented well
in Gianyar Regency, which was able to exceed the target with an allocation of
22 percent. This achievement shows the commitment and seriousness of the village
government in supporting food security programs to help the economic recovery
of the community in their respective villages.
In accordance with the policy issued by the Government
regarding the priority of the use of village funds and also the synergy of
local government programs, namely the Puspa Aman program in Gianyar Regency,
the Taro Village Government has allocated a budget for food security in the
form of activities based on the results of the Village Development Planning
Deliberation that has been set out in the Taro Village Revenue and Expenditure
Budget as follows:
Table 1. Budget Allocation to
Support Food Security Activities
Taro Village in 2022
|
It |
Activity Description |
Budget (Rp) |
Labor
Absorption (HOK) |
Amount
of HOK (Rp) |
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RTM
(HOK in Rp) |
Non RTM HOK in Rp) |
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1 |
Safe Puspa |
50.000.000 |
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2. |
Production and
production management for food security |
213.551.600 |
87.850.000 |
22.700.000 |
110.550.000 |
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3 |
Construction of
Agricultural Production Facilities Storage Building |
72.768.400 |
21.650.000 |
14.740.000 |
36.390.000 |
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Source: Taro APBDes
Document (processed)
Based on Table 1 above, food security
program development activities are carried out with production management
activities and food security production results with a budget of Rp. 213,551,600, where funds of
Rp.110,550,000 are used for the payment of working wages. This illustrates that
food security activities are carried out involving a lot of labor with the
Village Cash Labor Intensive pattern to cultivate an area of 2.3 hectares. The
workers come from poor households in local villages and communities that have lost
their livelihoods due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Apart from being farmers, many
people in Taro village who work in the tourism sector complain about their fate
outside the village. Because of this pandemic, they returned to the village to
start surviving by taking odd jobs. This work is carried out with PKTD with
daily or weekly wage payments so that it can be used by the community to meet
daily living needs so that economic turnover can occur in the village.
Puspa Aman in Taro Village uses an organic farming
system, where its management and planting system uses organic
materials/fertilizers. Not only in Puspa Aman, agricultural processing owned by
individuals has also led to an organic farming system. The organic
materials/fertilizers themselves come from waste processing in the village.
Organic waste processing in Taro Village has been managed independently at
TPS3R, which produces organic fertilizer and has been able to meet the
fertilizer needs of farmers in the village. In addition to organic waste
management, Taro Village also produces liquid organic fertilizer obtained from
the processing of cow manure, which is a protected and sacred animal in Taro
Village. With this effort, it is hoped that the economic turnaround can increase and the welfare of the community can be more evenly
distributed.
In addition to the development of Puspa Aman, which
uses the PKTD pattern, in 2022, there are also development activities that
support the food security program, namely the construction of a storage
building for agricultural production facilities with a budget of Rp.
72,768,400, where Rp. 36,390,000 is used for the payment of labor wages with
the PKTD pattern. Activities involving a large number of
workers through the PKTD pattern continue to be carried out in Taro Village to
help the economic recovery of the community. This can be seen from the
follow-up activities of the food security program budgeted in 2023.
Table 2. Budget Allocation to
Support Food Security Activities
Taro Village in 2023
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No. |
Activity Description |
Budget (Rp) |
Labor
Absorption (HOK) |
Amount
of HOK (Rp) |
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RTM
(HOK in Rp) |
Non RTM HOK in Rp) |
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1 |
Safe Puspa |
25.970.000 |
52.350.000 |
19.125.000 |
71.475.000 |
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2. |
Safe Puspa Management
Operations |
29.320.000 |
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3. |
Construction of
Farming Roads in Banjar Pakuseba |
177.996.220 |
72.150.000 |
18.750.000 |
90.900.000 |
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Source: Taro Village APB in 2023 (data
processed)
From the table above, it
can be seen that the Village Government is very committed to the
implementation of food security programs in a sustainable manner. This can be
seen from the funds budgeted for safe puspa
activities, which are supported by its operational budget. To maintain the
sustainability of Puspa Aman, which was built so that it does not seem to be
only noticed at the time of initial construction but is not well maintained so
that this program will fail in the future so that a very large budget is
wasted, the village government employs 2 (two) people to manage the Puspa Aman
owned including the sustainability of the Puspa Aman program by providing plant
seeds in a sustainable manner. They are given the flexibility to take care of
Puspa Aman by continuing to coordinate with the village regarding what they
will do in their management efforts.
In the 2.3 Ha area, there are several
plants planted, including citrus plants, red ginger, elephant ginger, taro,
papaya, eggplant, sweet potato, and kitchen spices such as turmeric, kencur, galangal, chili, sere, and so on. Because the
purpose of the development of Puspa Aman is not just to meet daily needs but
can provide additional income for the community, the Taro village government
carries out training on processing the results of this nursery garden. This
post-harvest processing is carried out by a group of women farmers (KWT) formed
by the village. Each KWT has one processed product developed from Puspa Aman or
Puspa Aman.
Figure 2. Processed Products of Puspa Aman Taro by the Group
Women's Singles Dual Farmer
Source: Taro Village
Documentation
Various plantation products developed in
Puspa Aman are processed by women's groups formed in each banjar/hamlet.
They were given training organized by the village government. Processed
products produced include processed eggplant in the form of eggplant chips and
moringa leaves, which are processed into moringa chili sauce with additional
seasoning ingredients that are also produced at Puspa Aman. Candied tomatoes and also candied ginger, which are no less famous in Taro
Village, look veteran made from recycled tar. The Dwi Tunggal Putri Farmer
Women Group produces all of this. Meanwhile, other groups, such as the Giri
Lestari Taro Farmer Women's Group, make processed cassava and taro ingredients.
The Banjar Tebuana Farmers Group makes processed
ginger, which is made into ginger powder. Their processing is in the form of
powdered white ginger, powdered red ginger, and dried red ginger. The Warna Lestari Farmers Women group processes raw materials
in the form of turmeric, which is made into turmeric powder, namely powdered
yellow turmeric and powdered white turmeric. There is also a group that makes
tea from red ginger. The production of the groups is marketed through BUMDes, and
is also often facilitated to participate in MSME exhibitions.
Taro Village, where most of the people
make a living as farmers, of course, must also pay attention to what is needed
by the community. Based on the results of village deliberations has also been
stipulated in the APBDes, in addition to supporting
food security programs through Puspa Aman and Puspa Aman development
activities, the Village Government is also distracting for farming road
construction activities.
1.
Village-level Tourism Development
Taro
Village, which is known as one of the oldest villages with its unique art,
customs, and culture, is currently continuing to grow along with the changes in
civilization and the progress of the times. The Taro Village Government is
actively integrating various potentials and involving actors and tourism
volunteers to build the Taro Tourism Village. This initiative aims to create a
strong economic foundation through local productive businesses and activities
that can improve the welfare of the local community.
For the
development and construction of tourist attractions in 2022 and 2023, the
budget for tourism object structuring activities will be allocated in the
Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget, which is sourced from the Village Fund.
The amount of each budget can be seen in the following table:
Table 3. Village
Fund Budget Allocation for Tourism Village Development
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No. |
Year
2022 |
Year
2023 |
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Activity Description |
Budget |
Activity Description |
Budget |
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1 |
Arrangement of tourist attractions |
Rp.
89.914.900 |
Arrangement of tourist attractions |
Rp.
294.714.000 |
Source: Taro Regional Budget
In 2022, the Taro Village Government has
budgeted for the development of tourist objects in the form of arranging
tourist objects sourced from village funds, which can only be in one tourist
object, namely for the arrangement and construction of a homestay barrier wall
at the White Lembu Tourism Object. This development
work also uses a labor-intensive pattern of village cash where the budget for
workers' wages is Rp. 34,145,000 from Rp. 89,914,900 of the allocated budget
ceiling. This, of course, also aims to increase community income with economic
turnaround in the village.
The budget allocation for the development of
tourist villages this year is very small because there are still priorities
that must be met in the use of village funds in accordance with the priority
regulations on the use of village funds. In addition to the arrangement of
white cow tourism, in 2023, there will also be a budget for the arrangement of Semara Ratih tourism objects, he continued. Judging from
Table 3. above, the budget allocation for tourism development in 2023 has
increased from the previous year. Where in 2023, the budget allocation for
tourism development will be used for camp arrangement activities in Lembu Putih and the procurement
of furniture and equipment, concrete rebates in Lembu
Putih and concrete rebates for camps and restaurants,
and also for finishing floors at Semara
Ratih tourist attractions. Taro Village has several tourist attractions managed
by the Taro Village Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis)
under the auspices of the Taro Village Sarwada Amertha BUMDes, including Semara Ratih tourism objects, white cow tourism objects,
village garden tourism objects, and firefly park tourism objects.
The use of Village Land for the development of
village potential in the form of the use of natural resources owned to be
managed or developed into tourist attractions is one of the priorities set by
the government in efforts to recover the community's economy, but the amount of
budget used is not determined. So that the allocated budget is adjusted to the
village's financial capabilities, however, even though the support from the
village budget cannot be maximized as needed, the community participation in this
program is so large that what is planned can run well. The existence of this
tourist village provides job opportunities to the community, especially those
who lost their livelihoods during the COVID-19 pandemic, and until now, from
this program, handicraft businesses developed by the local community have begun
to emerge, such as silver craft businesses. The silver craft business that was
once extinct is now starting to rise again among the people of Taro Village
because it is starting to be visited by tourists both locally, outside the
region, and even abroad.
2.
Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) Announcement
In addition to food security and village-level
tourism development, the Taro Village Government also runs a program to provide
Village Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) to the community in accordance with the
specified criteria. This Village BLT is a priority program for the use of
village funds in addition to the food security program, whose budget allocation
is determined in accordance with Presidential Regulation Number 4 of 2022. All
villages are required to allocate a minimum of 40% of the village fund budget.
BLT is given to beneficiaries in the amount of Rp. 300,000 every month for 12
months. The criteria for people to be able to get Village Direct Cash
Assistance (BLT) are as follows:
a.
Poor
Families in Villages: Families who live in villages and are classified as poor,
especially those in extreme poverty.
b.
Loss of
Source of Income: Families who have lost their livelihood or main source of
income.
c.
Family
Members with Chronic Illnesses: Families with members who are susceptible to
long-term or chronic illnesses.
d.
Stopped
Social Assistance Recipients: Poor families who previously received social
assistance from the APBD (Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget) or APBN
(State Revenue and Expenditure Budget), but their assistance has been
discontinued.
e.
Affected by
the COVID-19 Pandemic: Poor families affected by the COVID-19 pandemic have not
received social assistance.
f.
Households
with Single Elderly: Households consisting of only one elderly member.
Based on these criteria, the Taro Village
Government allocates a Village Fund budget of Rp. 594,000,000 in 2022, around
42%. This assistance is given to 165 KPM BLT for 12 months with a monthly
amount of Rp. 300,000. The number of KPM BLT is determined based on special
village deliberations that discuss the Determination of Beneficiaries of Direct
Assistance for the Village Tuna.
The provision of assistance in the form of BLT
is felt to be very helpful for them in meeting their daily needs. This was
conveyed by one of the recipients of assistance that the researcher met at the
village office when receiving assistance from Mrs. Ni Wayan Sriyani,
who works as a construction worker. He has received BLT assistance since 2020
until now. Mr. Wayan Sudibya also conveyed the same
thing, he hopes that this program will continue because it is very helpful to
increase income to meet daily needs. According to the Head of Kesra of Taro Village, Mr. I Wayan Ardika, the distribution
of BLT to KPM went smoothly, because the funds distributed from the Central
Government were on time so that village funds could be distributed every month.
All policy programs implemented in the village
are inseparable from the role of the village apparatus in accordance with their
duties and functions. The Village Apparatus and the existing village staff have
carried out their duties optimally in supporting the policy programs that have
been set.
One of the parties of the tourist attraction
manager, Mr. I Komang Suparsa,
also conveyed the same thing, "at the Samara Ratih tourist attraction.
Currently, we find it difficult to find employees, young people who used to
work here after being given training and feel that they can go out to find work
experience".
Discussion
Village Government
Strategy in Utilizing Village Funds for Community Economic Recovery
The
government has established a policy that requires villages to allocate part of
village funds for the community's economic recovery after COVID-19. In
addition, to improve the welfare of village communities affected by COVID-19,
the government distributes assistance through the Village Fund, where part of
the village funds must be used for Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) and Animal and
Vegetable Food Security. The use of village funds is in accordance with the
policies and priorities set, aiming to accelerate the recovery of the health
and economic conditions of the village community. It is hoped that the
condition of villages throughout Indonesia will soon recover from the impact of
COVID-19. To achieve this goal, a commitment is needed in the use of village
funds effectively, efficiently, and in accordance with applicable regulatory
guidelines. In order for the allocation of village
funds and priority programs that have been set to produce the expected results,
villages must follow and comply with the guidelines for the management of
village funds set by the government for the relevant fiscal year. Following up
on these provisions, the Taro Village Government has set a policy strategy in an effort to recover the community's economy guided by
the priority use of village funds. The policy strategies set and implemented
are as follows:
1.
Food Security
Implementing government
policies related to the food security program, the Taro Village Government
synergizes the resilience program determined by the central government and the
program from the Gianyar Regency government in the form of the Puspa Aman Program.
In collaboration with Traditional Villages, vacant land will be cleared to
build a sustainable Puspa Aman in accordance with the central program. In
addition to providing plant seeds for daily needs needed by the community with
the aim of increasing family food security and reducing the burden of expenses
to meet daily food needs, the Village Government also built a village garden
with an area of 2.3 hectares for the implementation of a sustainable food
security program with the aim of opening up business opportunities for the
community to process the products of village gardens.
2.
Village-level Tourism Development
The development of tourism
at the village level or tourist village cannot be separated from the natural
potential factor owned by Taro Village, whose scenery and beauty are so
beautiful. By utilizing village funds and supported by the active role of the community,
the Taro Village Government is able to develop its
natural potential into a tourism village potential. This is also inseparable
from the synergy between Traditional Villages and Village Villages who are very
committed in their efforts to prosper the community. From the development of
this tourism potential, efforts made by the community to seize existing
economic opportunities emerged. However, this program does not include programs
that are determined to use the budget from village funds, so the development
program is carried out in stages according to the village's financial
capabilities. In terms of resources, the management of tourist attractions is
still inadequate in terms of the ability to manage them.
3.
Provision of BLT
To prevent an increase in
the poverty rate as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic,
the government in 2022 took steps by determining the use of village funds to
secure social networks in the form of providing BLT from village funds by 40%.
This is done because there are still many people who do not have permanent jobs
due to the loss of livelihoods, especially those who work in the tourism
sector. This has been followed up by the Taro Village Government by allocating
BLT funds of 42% of the budget received. Apart from being farmers, many people
in Taro Village also work in the city as tourism workers.
4.
Village Cash Labor-Intensive Program (PKTD)
The Village Fund's Cash Intensive Program (PKT)
aims to create jobs through development activities that are carried out in a
self-managed and cash-intensive manner. This program also seeks to foster a
sense of togetherness, mutual cooperation, and
participation in the village community. In addition, this program aims to
improve the quality and quantity of empowerment of rural communities, expand
access for the poor, women, children, and marginalized groups to basic
services, and reduce unemployment, semi-unemployed, and poverty. Through a
community empowerment approach, this program is also expected to generate
social and economic activities in the village. In Taro Village, the PKTD
program has been implemented through various development activities carried out
in order to support food security programs and the
development of tourist villages. These activities include the construction of
Puspa Aman, the Construction of Farming Roads, and the Development or
arrangement of tourist attractions. The recruited workforce comes from the poor
and people who have lost their livelihoods.
The implementation of a
policy or strategy set by the village government in the use of village funds
for community economic recovery, according to Edwards in
1.
Communication
is the process of delivering policy information from policymakers to policy
implementers so that policy actors can know and understand the content,
objectives, directions, and target groups of policies. Thus, policy goals and
objectives can be achieved effectively and efficiently. From the results of the
research, it was found that communication that has been running in Taro Village
in determining and implementing policies or strategies for the use of village
funds for community economic recovery has been going well. This can be seen
from the process of planning and determining policies carried out through
village deliberations involving all stakeholders in the village, including the
Village Government, BPD, Village Community Institutions, institutions in the
village such as Customary Institutions, representatives of women's groups,
2.
Resources and strategies in the form of
policy programs will be able to run well if supported by adequate resources.
The form of resource support is not only human resources but can also be in the
form of material and natural resources. The food security program and the
development of village-level tourism villages implemented in Taro Village as an
effort or strategy in the economic recovery of the community by utilizing
village funds is made a priority program because the Village Government is
confident that it can be implemented sustainably because Taro Village has a
very supportive natural resource potential. The geographical location and
existing weather greatly support the development of the Puspa Aman program, and
the very beautiful natural potential, if managed properly, greatly supports the
implementation of the natural tourism village program in Taro Village.
3.
The attitude of the Implementer is the commitment of the policy
implementer to carry out the policies that have been set. The Taro Village
Government has followed up on policies from the Central Government, Regional
Governments, and Provincial and Regency in prioritizing using village funds for
community economic recovery. Before being outlined and stipulated in the
Village Government Budget, village deliberations were carried out by
representatives of organizations/institutions in the village and community
leaders. Each institution in the village has carried out its respective duties
and functions in implementing the programs that have been set. BPD has carried
out its duties in carrying out village deliberations to discuss village
development planning. The Village Government has carried out development
activities in accordance with what has been stipulated in the APBDes by involving village officials as Activity
Implementers by forming an Activity Implementation Team from regional heads,
village community institutions, and also communities
who are competent in their fields.
4.
Organizational Structure is an attachment in an organization in
accordance with the authority it has. The organizational structure of the Taro
Village Government is determined based on...... Where there, it regulates the
main duties and functions of the village head and village apparatus in carrying
out government affairs, development, coaching, and community empowerment. In
addition, to carry out the activities contained in the APBDes,
Perbekel every fiscal year establishes a decision on
the Implementation of Village Financial Management (PPKD), which regulates the
task of dividing the tasks of village apparatus based on the activities in the APBDes in accordance with their respective duties. So that
all village officials who carry out their duties as PPKD have clear duties.
Discussion
of Obstacles and Supporting Factors in Utilizing Village Funds for Community
Economic Recovery
1.
Obstacles
in the use of village funds for community economic recovery.
a.
Human
resources
Taro Village does not yet own human resources
who can manage what the village government has built. Young people who are
expected to be able to manage and develop the village government's efforts
prefer to seek work experience in the city. The limited number of village
officials and their limited abilities are also obstacles to the development of
village efforts.
b.
Budget
Availability
After the COVID-19 pandemic, the budget owned
by the village is very limited because the village's sources of income have not
been maximized. Villages can only rely on sources of funds from village funds,
while for other sources of income, the realization has not been ascertained.
For the use of village funds, there are already provisions for the amount used
in each priority, so the village cannot do much in allocating the budget to
activities that are considered a priority by the village itself
2.
Supporting
factors in the use of village funds for community economic recovery.
a.
Natural
Potential
The rural potential that
includes natural scenery, historical and cultural relics, and folk crafts has
so far succeeded in attracting tourists. The existence of this natural
potential provides great support for the development of nature-based tourism.
With the management of natural resources that are still beautiful, it is able to make this village a tourist village that has
attracted a lot of attention and tourist visits both from within and outside
the country.
b.
Synergy of
Traditional Villages and Official Villages
The
strategy or policy program implemented by the Taro Village Government in the
economic recovery of the community can run well because of the cooperation
between the Service Village and the Customary Village. The two institutions in
the village support each other in implementing programs in the village,
especially those that concern the interests of the community in general. Like
Puspa Aman activities carried out in the village, it will not be able to
succeed without the cooperation between these two institutions, as well as the
development of tourism because those who have land to be used as the object of
activity are customary villages.
c.
Community
Participation
The community
is very involved in efforts to recover its economy in Taro Village. This can be
seen from the community's participation in planning, implementing, and
supervising policy programs, which are the village's strategy to improve the
welfare of its community. Almost all levels of society from various fields of
expertise or work are involved in this program.
Discussion of the Impact of the Village Fund
Utilization Strategy for the Community
Employment
The community can use the funds provided to meet their daily
needs by providing BLT. This assistance greatly helps people who do not have a
fixed income. Implementing development that involves many communities with the
Village cash-intensive pattern with a daily or weekly wage payment system
provides a huge opportunity for economic turnover in the community. People who
have lost their livelihoods can get involved and earn income from this program
even though it is not permanent.
The development of the tourist village and the construction
of Puspa Aman, which was carried out in Taro Village in an
effort to recover the economy, created many jobs that absorbed labor
from the local community. There are several tourist attractions built in Taro
Village, including the White Cow Tourism Object, Semara
Ratih Tourism Object, Firefly Park Tourism Object, and Puspa Aman, which is
also used as an educational tourism object by the Taro Village Government. All
of these use local labor. So that people who have
expertise in the fields needed in this place can work here. Until now, the
workforce that has been absorbed is as follows:
Table 4. Tourism Objects and Number of Workers
|
No. |
Name of Tourist Object |
Number of Workers |
|
1. |
Semara Ratih |
6 people |
|
2. |
White Bull |
10 people |
|
3. |
Firefly Garden |
2 people |
|
4. |
Safe Puspa |
2 people |
|
5. |
PKTD |
67 people |
Source: Taro Village Office
Business opportunities
The
development of village tourism and Puspa Aman attracts tourists to visit the
village. This provides a breath of fresh air for people to open their own
businesses, especially for people who have lost their jobs in the tourism
sector. The community began to build lodgings for the accommodation of tourists
in collaboration with food stalls or culinary businesses, opening handicraft
businesses such as carving and silver crafts; in addition to processed products
from Puspa Aman, people also made production from garden products or their own
agricultural products.
Village Government
For the
village government itself, their success in managing tourism potential to be
used as an effort to recover the community's economy has received appreciation
and awards from both the local and central governments. The various awards won
have attracted interest from private parties to provide
assistance in the form of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) for its
sustainability. The companies or private parties that provide CSR include
Indonesia Power; this company assists villages in the development of Bio Gas,
provides assistance in the form of building toilets in tourist attractions and
also various types of plants; Pertamina Hulu Mahakam provides assistance in the
form of Gasebo buildings, and also Bio Gas
development; Bank BCA assistance in the form of toilet buildings and name
signs; Bank Sinar Mas, the development of bio taro is
the processing of white cow dung into organic fertilizer.
In conclusion, the Taro Village Government's strategy for
utilizing village funds for economic recovery focuses on several key programs:
the Food Security Program through Puspa Aman to enhance family food security,
the development of village-level tourism leveraging local natural potential,
the Social Safety Net Program with Direct Cash Assistance (BLT), and
labor-intensive projects prioritizing local workers from disadvantaged
backgrounds. These initiatives are guided by the Ministry of Villages' priority
provisions and village deliberations. However, challenges such as limited human
resource capacity and budget constraints hinder optimal program management, as
funds are also needed for other essential services. Supporting factors include
the village's attractive natural resources, strong cooperation between the
Service Village and Customary Village, and active community participation,
which is crucial for successful implementation. Overall, these strategies
positively impact both the community by creating jobs and entrepreneurial
opportunities and the village government, which benefits from increased CSR
assistance for program support.
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