How to cite:

Tomi Jepisa, Tri Mia Intani, Husni, Wiladi Rasyid, Radian Ilmaskal

(2022). The Effect of Kegel Exercise on Elderly With Urine

Incontinence. Journal Eduvest. Vol 2(3): 610-615

E-ISSN:

2775-3727

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Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

Volume 2 Number 3, March, 2022

p- ISSN 2775-3735- e-ISSN 2775-3727

THE EFFECT OF KEGEL EXERCISE ON ELDERLY WITH

URINE INCONTINENCE

Tomi Jepisa

, Tri Mia Intani

, Husni

, Wiladi Rasyid

, Radian Ilmaskal

1,4

Nursing Study Program, Alifah Padang Health Science College,

2,3

Midwifery Study Program, Alifah Padang Health Science College,

Public Health Study Program, Alifah Padang Health Science College,

Indonesia

Email: [email protected]

, Aira1601[email protected]

[email protected]

, [email protected]

[email protected]

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Received:

Ferbuary, 26

2022

Revised:

March, 16

2022

Approved:

March, 18

2022

Various problems faced by the elderly include incontinence

being the main complaint of the elderly. Urinary

incontinence is the discharge of urine that is not digested by

the elderly. Urinary incontinence will cause complications

that can cause the elderly due to infection. One way to

overcome all of this can be by doing Kegel exercises. The

study used a pre-experimental design in the form of one

group pretest-posttest without control. The results of the

study describe the characteristics of age, gender,

influencing the occurrence of urine iconentis in the elderly.

The results of this study can be used as a reference in

overcoming the problems of the elderly with urinary

incontinence in the elderly. In addition, it is necessary to do

it regularly in the elderly who experience urinary

icontinasia.

KEYWORDS

Kegel Exercises, Elderly, Urine Incontinence

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

INTRODUCTION

Like other countries in the world, Indonesia is currently also in the middle

entering the aging population period (Harapan et al., 2020). This condition is certainly a

Tomi Jepisa, Tri Mia Intani, Husni, Wiladi Rasyid, Radian Ilmaskal

The Effect of Kegel Exercise on Elderly With Urine Incontinence 611

challenge, especially in the management of a country's health programs, in general, it can

be known by looking at the life expectancy of its population (Fothergill-Misbah, Walker,

Kwasa, Hooker, & Hampshire, 2021). Where there is an increase in life expectancy

followed by an increase in the number of elderly people. Indonesia experienced an

increase in the number of elderly people from 18 million people (7.56%) in 2010, to 25.9

million people (9.7%) in 2019, and is expected to continue to increase where in 2035 to

48.2 million people (15.77%) (Center for data and information of the Indonesian Ministry

of Health, 2016).

The impact of the occurrence of an aging population is the increasing proportion

of the elderly to the total population in a country. Indonesia is currently heading towards

an aging population with a percentage of the elderly at 9.7%, while developed countries

have exceeded 10% and even Japan has exceeded 30%. The increase in life expectancy

along with the increase in the number of elderly can also cause various problems health

that can reduce the quality of life of the elderly. One of the health problems that are often

encountered is urinary incontinence, urinary incontinence experienced a lot and need to

get attention along with increasing elderly population. Every man and woman will

experience a decrease in function. In the urinary system, all of this is caused by a

decrease in vaginal muscle tone and the urinary tract (urethra) muscle due to a decrease in

the hormone estrogen so that urine output cannot be controlled (Nian & Dhina, 2017).

The prevalence of incontinence increases during old age, according to data from

the WHO (World Health Organization), it was found as many as 200 million. The world's

population suffers from urinary incontinence, the total number of incontinence sufferers

reaches 13 million with 85% of them being women based on the National Kidney and

Urological Disease Advisory Board in the United States, (NIDDK), 2016, this range is

actually still very small from the actual condition, because there are still many unreported

cases.

Report of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Asian Countrie

including Indonesia, it was found that 5,052 men who suffer from urinary incontinence

problems, ranging from 15 to 30% of individuals who suffer from urinary incontinence

are estimated to be over 60 years old. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in women

elderly by 38% and 19% in men. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in Indonesia has

reached 5.8% of the total population (Alomi, Alghamdi, Alattyh, & Elshenawy, 2018). A

Prevalence Study conducted by (Amelia R, 2020) at PSTW West Sumatra found that the

number of elderly people experiencing urinary incontinence was around 23.73%.

According to (Karjoyo, Pangemanan, & Onibala, 2017). High rates of urinary

incontinence lead to the need for appropriate management, because if not immediately

handle it, the incidence of incontinence can cause various side effects such as urinary

tract infections, genital skin infections, sleep disorders, pressure sores and rash on the

skin.

The incidence of urinary incontinence that continues directly can also lead to a

decrease in the quality of life of the elderly, the social impacts include loss of self-

confidence, avoiding social interactions and depression due to, among others, the elderly

being less confident with their condition, then closing themselves off from the

environment. surrounding areas, this requires socialization and useful activities, helping

to treat urinary incontinence health problems experienced by every elderly by managing

bladder training, such as Kegel exercises (Moa, Muscatello, Turner, & MacIntyre, 2017).

Kegel exercises are gymnastics in the form of exercises to strengthen the pelvic

muscles or exercises that aim to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor especially the

pubococcygeal muscles so that a woman can strengthen these muscles urinary tract

Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

Volume 2 Number 3, March 2022

612 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id

muscles. Kegel exercises can also cure the inability to hold urination (Darmaji,

Kurniawan, Astalini, Lumbantoruan, & Samosir, 2019).

Kegel exercise is an effective non-pharmacological management of urinary

incontinence which was discovered by Arnold Kegel, a gynecologist (Newman, n.d.).

America in 1984. Behavioral activities such as Kegel exercises were proposed by Arnold

Kegel, reported improvement/healing up to 84% with pelvic floor muscle training for

women and men with various types of incontinence.

A research study conducted by (Riphah et al., 2020) in Pakistan concluded that

Kegel exercises are an effective therapy for urinary incontinence in the elderly. The same

research was carried out by Shahida (2018) in Banjarbaru, there was an effect of Kegel

exercises on reducing urinary incontinence symptoms in the elderly. In this study, the

researchers wanted to do Kegel exercises in the elderly who experience urinary

incontinence who live in PSTW Sabai Nan Aluih Sicincin, West Sumatra.

RESEARCH METHOD

The research method used a pre-experimental design in the form of one group

pretest-posttest without control (Ghodela, Singh, Kaushik, & Maheshwari, 2019). As for

the Kegel exercise technique, the initial measurement (pre-test) is carried out, then after

being given treatment, another measurement (post-test) will be carried out to determine

changes in urinary incontinence from the treatment.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

1. Characteristics of the elderly living in West Sumatra Province PSTW

The characteristics of the elderly in this study consisted of: age, gender,

education, frequency of urination before and after exercise.

Table 1. Distribution of the Proportion of Characteristics of Elderly Living in PSTW

Variabel

Kategori

Frekuensi

Persentase (%)

Age

Seniors

at Risk

66.6

seniors

33.4

Gender

Man

Woman

Education

Low

90.6

Tall

9.4

BAK frequency

≥ 8

100

Before Training

BAK frequency

≥ 8

58.4

After

< 8

41.6

Tomi Jepisa, Tri Mia Intani, Husni, Wiladi Rasyid, Radian Ilmaskal

The Effect of Kegel Exercise on Elderly With Urine Incontinence 613

From Table 1, the results of the analysis show that more than half of the elderly

are at risk, (>70 years) (66.6%). Elderly women are dominated by elderly women (75%)

with most of the education levels being low (90.6%). BAK frequency before exercise

more than 8 times (100%). BAK frequency after exercise more than 8 times (58.4%).

2. Overview of urinary incontinence in the elderly before Kegel exercises

Urinary

incontinence in the

elderly

Mean

Median

Standard

Deviation

Min

Max

Before doing Kegel

exercises

10,58

10,00

2,065

Based on the results, the average frequency of urinary incontinence in the

elderly before Kegel exercises had an average value of 10.58 with a standard

deviation of 2.065.

3 . Overview of urinary incontinence in the elderly after Kegel exercises

Urinary

Incontinence in the

Elderly

Mean

Median

Standar

Deviasi

Min

Max

After doing Kegel

exercises

8,00

2,796

Based on the results, the average frequency of urinary incontinence in the

elderly after Kegel exercises has an average value of 8.00 with a standard

deviation of 2.796. So it can be concluded that there is a change in the frequency

of BAK in the elderly after doing Kegel exercises.(Riswanto & Mangngi, 2021)

From the results of various other studies that have been carried out by other

researchers, the results show the same results as the research conducted by

(Karjoyo et al., 2017) in South Minahasa where the results showed that the

frequency of urinary incontinence in the elderly was rare (83.3%). Likewise

research (Amelia, 2017) in Banjarmasin where the results of research after kegel

exercises in the elderly experienced mild incontinence (85.72%). From the various

findings that have been carried out by several researchers, it can be concluded that

this Kegel exercise can change and reduce the frequency of elderly people in

BAK.

4. Effect of Kegel Exercises with Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly

Urinary Incontinence in

the Elderly

Mean

Before kegel exercises

10.56

2.063

After kegel exercises

8.00

2.797

Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

Volume 2 Number 3, March 2022

614 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id

Based on the results of the study, the average value of urinary

incontinence before doing Kegel exercises with a mean of 10.56 with a standard

deviation of 2.063 and the average value of incontinence after being given Kegel

exercises obtained a mean of 8.00 with a standard deviation of 2.797. After the T-

test dependent statistical test was carried out, it was found that the p value (0.00)

0.05. So there is an effect of BAK frequency with urinary incontinence before and

after Kegel exercises in the elderly. The results of the same study were carried out

by (Wilda & Andriani, 2018) in Jombang where there was an effect of Kegel

exercises on the elderly experiencing urinary incontinence. A study was

conducted by (Riphah et al., 2020) in Pakistan where the results obtained were

Kegel exercises were an effective therapy for urinary incontinence in the elderly,

both male and female. In this study, the researchers also obtained significant

results when viewed from a gender perspective, where the elderly, male and

female, had a significant influence.

Kegel exercises have benefits related to PC muscle function. Kegel

exercises not only have many benefits for women, but also for men.(Bø &

Nygaard, 2020) For men, this exercise will improve the ability to control and

overcome premature ejaculation, stronger erections and increase sexual

satisfaction at orgasm (Butcher et al., 2020). In addition, multiple orgasms can

also be experienced by men as a result of regular Kegel exercises. In men, this

exercise will also lift the testicles and tighten the cremaster muscle as well as

tighten the sphincterani. This is because the PC muscle starts from the anus.

Meanwhile, for women, the advantage of doing Kegel exercises is that it

is easier to reach orgasm and better orgasms are achieved because the muscles that

are trained are the muscles used during orgasm.(Dubberley, 2021) Another benefit

is that the vagina will be more sensitive and sensitive to stimuli, making it easier

to increase sexual satisfaction, and the husband will feel a very big change

because the vagina is able to grip the penis more firmly. Facilitate the birth of a

baby without tearing the birth canal too much and for women who have just given

birth, Kegel exercises can speed up the recovery of the vaginal condition after

childbirth and of course can strengthen the skeletal muscles in the pelvic floor so

that it strengthens the function of the external sphincter of the bladder, preventing

uterine prolapse. Based on these findings and various other research results, it can

be said that Kegel exercises are very useful in that they can strengthen the pelvic

muscles, thereby helping to control urine output, preventing small bedwetting that

occurs when coughing or laughing.

CONCLUSION

Based on this study, it can be concluded that there are characteristics of the elderly

in this study, most of the elderly are at risk (> 70) years, male and have low education,

unite with widows/widowers, most of the daily activities of the elderly are independent

and more than half the health conditions of the elderly. not good. More than half had mild

depression, more than half were less comfortable with their physical environment. Most

of the sleep quality is poor. Based on the characteristics of the elderly living in PSTW,

West Sumatra Province, which are related to the quality of sleep in the elderly, namely,

age, gender and health conditions, age is the most dominant factor associated with the

Tomi Jepisa, Tri Mia Intani, Husni, Wiladi Rasyid, Radian Ilmaskal

The Effect of Kegel Exercise on Elderly With Urine Incontinence 615

sleep quality of the elderly in PSTW, West Sumatra Province.

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