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population mobility is seen as an alternative effort to improve the standard of living of the

population. Therefore, many people in their productive age tend to choose to leave their

home area to another country that is considered better in terms of economy. This reality

applies in all developing countries, one of which is Indonesia. Rapid labor growth is not

can be matched by efforts in terms of creating job opportunities, which results in open

unemployment which recurs every year (Adebayo, 2013). Therefore, it is not surprising

that Indonesia has a higher unemployment rate every year. Malaysia is one of the

countries that has many immigrants from Indonesia, including the Minang, Javanese,

Acehnese and Bugis people (Carruthers, 2018). The Javanese people are the majority

people who want to improve their fate in this country. One of the countries in Malaysia

Indonesia also has many similarities, such as the same ethnic angle, as well as the same

culture and religion. Therefore, it is not surprising that the country of Malaysia is in great

demand by immigrants from Indonesia, especially the Javanese (Teh Cheng Guan, 2018).

The 19th century was an era of world economic change in Southeast Asia, especially the

Malay Archipelago, it was the main supply area for raw materials to European countries.

Therefore, the colonialists have started to carry out their economic development plan. At

the beginning of this century, the Malay lands were colonized by the British.

At that time, the British experienced the problem of labor shortages, due to the

small number of local residents, and the lack of interest of the locals to work as laborers

for the western and royal capitalists (Brankamp & Daley, 2020). Thus, to solve this

emigrants who came from Indonesia. At that time, the Javanese were the most crowded

opportunities to work as laborers and clear forests (Dib, Krishna, Alamsyah, & Qaim,

immigrants for the advancement of the kingdom of Johor (Wan & Weerasena, 2018).

There are various news related to better conditions and surroundings in Tanah Melayu.

This is one of the pull factors for immigrants to emigrate. The news was spread by Bugis

people who owned boats or sailboat captains who transported workers from Java to

Malaya. Instead of those who get a lot of news from family members in Sulawesi. Much

is said about the fertility of the Malay lands, especially Johor."As the descendants of

Bugis immigrants put it: "it is difficult there, happy here, there is more difficult work,

here the profit is more, there is no opportunity to increase wealth, here we can become

emigrated before Malaysia became independent will be easier to assimilate because they

have not brought their respective identities with them. This is different from post-

Independence immigrants. “For example, the Madurese ethnic group emigrated to

Malaysia in the early 1980s. Based on historical and political factors of the time, the

Madurese not only have brought Indonesian national identity, but have firmly established

their ethnic identity”.

Before Malaysia's independence, understanding citizenship from the Javanese in

Johor was more akin to close relations between Malaysia and Indonesia and emphasized

anti-colonialism (Ali, 2018). This citizenship issue was born since the Dutch oppression

against the Javanese in Indonesia and continued into the Japanese era. “Between 1955

Although Malaysia and Indonesia went through difficult times in confrontation,

and relations between the two countries were cut off for about three years, relations

between Malaysia and Indonesia were able to resume working well. At 31 in August

1967, the Malaysian Transport Officer based in Jakarta and the Indonesian Transportation

Officer in Kuala Lumpur carried out all diplomatic missions from these two countries.

With the Restoration of Friendship Agreement sealed, he embodied a new paradigm,

namely "thinking about the need for closer two-way relations and translated into a wider

context, namely working together to realize foreign relations between countries in

Southeast Asia".

The arrival of TKI (Indonesian Workers) or Indonesian Migrant Workers to

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openness of the local Malays who accept their presence. Regardless of their origins and

who they are, Javanese, Bugis or Banjarese, their cultural integration and socialization

with the local community takes place through marriage and daily conversations.

Association in the form of kinship causes them to be easily influenced by the structure

local community.

In addition, those who migrate are also seen as more memorable in their lives

because of the diligent factor and filling the available space. The identity of the Javanese

immigrants in Johor has been integrated with Malay culture and contributed to the change

in local culture in Johor. This is because the high tolerance and adaptability of immigrants

from Java in Johor have contributed to social acceptance and harmony with ethnic groups

way of life and religion of the Javanese, which in this belief emphasizes peace, harmony

and inner balance, an attitude of acceptance (acceptance) of all events that occur by

placing individuals under society, and society under the universe. This view of Javanese

life has taught the Javanese society to place a harmonious relationship between the

individual and himself, the individual with other individuals, between the individual and

the universe and between the individual and his God. The majority of Javanese are

Muslims. Although they embrace Islam, they cannot abandon their Javanese traditions

and culture, even though sometimes these traditions and cultures are contrary to the

teachings of Islam. There are some Javanese traditions and cultures that can be adapted

and also continue to be preserved without having to contradict the teachings of Islam, but

provided many facilities for the Javanese community to come to Malaya, namely facilities

in obtaining loans, flexible taxes, and also moral support for land applications.

The Javanese community who have moved to Batu Pahat have explored the

village and opened gardens in this area and named the villages that have been explored

with the prefix "Parit" then followed by the name of the settlers of the village. But, there

are also villages that have the prefix Parit but are opened by a Malay group. The

exploration of villages and the opening of villages by the Javanese community is a major

contribution to economic development in the state of Johor, especially Batu Pahat. They

were not only much-needed manpower at the time, but they were also pioneers who had

opened a large number of villages that had existed in Batu Pahat, other than that, they

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The Development of The Imigrant Community from Java In Batu Pahat, 1957-1966 446

maintain their survival in the new place. Unbeknownst to them, the local community also

language, in addition to understanding the Javanese speech, they also begin to speak the

Javanese language. As in the Chinese community in Batu Pahat, many understand and are

able to use the Javanese language. Later, Mbah Miskon also has a son -in -law who is of

Malay descent and understands the Javanese language, this is because he is in the circle

with the majority of the Javanese community.

making the local community accept their presence. They live in peace with their

D. The Challenge of Preserving Javanese Customs and Culture in Batu Pahat

modified according to the culture of the local community in Batu Pahat. This is not only

ceremonies and some involve the presence of villagers. Therefore, with the grouping of

villagers, their relationship will grow closer.

community from Java also have a strong role, this is because the musical instruments are

used to help explore the villages in the Batu Pahat area, and ultimately have benefited the

local community as well. In addition, the process of assimilation that occurs through

peaceful interaction over a long period of time has given birth to a unique society and can

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relationship on the development of the Javanese community in Batu Pahat. The results of

this study explain that the tidal relationship between Malaysia and Indonesia in that year

affected the development of the Javanese community in Batu Pahat. For example, in 1957

to 1962, Malaysia and Indonesia relations were close and friendly. This made the

Javanese community in Batu Pahat began to enter the political, economic, and cultural

fields. Because of that, the Javanese community in Batu Pahat has given an important role

in helping economic development in Johor, especially Batu Pahat. Other than that, the

Javanese community is also beginning to be aware and enthusiastic about their children's

learning needs.

In 1957 to 1962, the relationship between Malaysia and Indonesia was close and

and harmonious), but suddenly able to glide quickly down and be in a tense state.

The Javanese community in Batu Pahat can be well received by the local

community. This is because in Javanese culture, they are taught to respect each other and

maintain harmony among human beings. The adaptations made by the Javanese

immigrant community have succeeded in making the local community accept their

presence. They live in peace with their neighbors and the local community. If there is a

difference, they will adjust it to get acceptance from the local community.

However, from 1963 to 1966, relations between Indonesia and Malaysia began to

strain. This is because Indonesia confronted Malaysia and indirectly disrupted the

development of the Javanese community in Batu Pahat. This year has been a difficult year

between Malaysia and Indonesia. Relations between the two countries became severed

volunteer, then because it was too extreme, Soekarno finally stopped accepting

volunteers, and only accepted 21 million volunteers. Indonesia does not want its

neighbors to be supporters of colonial and imperialist states. Indonesia considers that If a

country in Southeast Asia can be ruled by colonial and imperialist powers, it will be the

basis for the spread of their influence as well as their control over the surrounding

countries and countries. Moreover, Malaya is a country located close to Indonesia. The

formation of the Federation of Malaysia was seen as a siege against Indonesia, which was

trying to unite the new power (Nefos) against the old power. The Indonesian government

wants East Kalimantan to be a new country that is the embodiment or desire of the people

of Sarawak and Sabah to get out of British occupation and domination. In addition to

policy. For example, at that time Indonesia declared its withdrawal from membership in

the United Nations. Indonesia was disappointed with the UN for not being able to block

plans to establish a Federation of Malaysia and then Malaysia was accepted as a non -

permanent member of the security council. Thus, beginning January 1, 1965, Indonesia

declared its withdrawal from the United Nations and stated that it would adhere to the

principles of international cooperation as stated in the UN charter. And after that there

was the notion that Indonesia was excluded from international associations. It is

In addition, the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation was used by the PKI to bring Indonesia

closer to communist countries such as the USSR, North Korea and the PRC.