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Heriziana, Santi Rosalina.(2022). Perception Analysis of Health

Workers' Stress During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal Eduvest. Vol

2(2): 317-323

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Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

Volume 2 Number 2, February 2022

p- ISSN 2775-3735 e-ISSN 2775-3727

PERCEPTION ANALYSIS OF HEALTH WORKERS'

STRESS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Heriziana , Santi Rosalina

Bina Husada High School of Health Sciences, Indonesia

Email: [email protected], [email protected]

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Received:

January, 26

2022

Revised:

February, 17

2022

Approved:

February, 18

2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on all

aspects of society, including mental health and physical

health. WHO and public health authorities around the

world are acting to control the COVID-19 outbreak.

However, this time of crisis creates stress throughout the

population. Fear and anxiety about this new disease, plus

other factors can influence job stress. The type of research

used is correlation research. This research was conducted at

X Hospital in South Sumatra 2021. The population of this

study was all health workers at Hospital X in South Sumatra

2021, totaling 382 people based on staffing data for

Hospital X in South Sumatra as of March 2021. The sample

of this study that will be examined using the slovin formula,

which amounts to 80 health workers at the hospital. Pain X

in South Sumatra. Based on the results and discussion, it

can be concluded that: The company's regulation (X1) has a

significance value of 0.743 > 0.05, which means that the

company's regulation (X1) has no effect on stress symptoms

(Y). Anxiety (X2) has a significance value of 0.461 > 0.05,

which means that worry (X2) has no effect on symptoms of

stress (Y). Workload (X3) a significance value of 0.007

<0.05, it means that there is an effect of workload (X3) on

stress symptoms. Working conditions (X4), a significance

value of 0.023 <0.05, it means that there is an effect of

working conditions (X4) on symptoms of stress.

KEYWORDS

Health Workers, Stress, Mental Health, Pandemic Covid-

Heriziana, Santi Rosalina

Perception Analysis of Health Workers' Stress During the Covid-19 Pandemic 318

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

INTRODUCTION

Currently, all parts of the world are facing the Covid-19 pandemic. Until the

beginning of June, 6.28 million people from 188 countries in the world were infected

with the Covid-19 virus, while in Indonesia alone, 26,940 people were infected with the

Covid-19 virus (Covid et al., 2021). Covid-19 is a tremendous challenge to the health of

workers. Workers in many occupations face a high risk of infection especially in jobs that

involve direct contact with the public and physical proximity to others. The level of

concern of workers increases with the number of infected people, as a result, companies

not only play a role in preventing the transmission of the virus but also have to deal with

the psychosocial and psychological consequences of the current Covid-19 outbreak

(Burdorf, Porru, & Rugulies, 2020)

Increased fear and anxiety of workers due to the uncertainty of this disease

coupled with measures to prevent the spread of disturbing viruses such as lockdowns,

quarantines, use of personal protective equipment, and so on can cause significant

psychological and psychological disorders such as stress disorders (Kumar, n.d.). The

COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has resulted in a very heavy burden on the health care

system in the country, including health workers. The most visible risk is the safety aspect

of health workers, especially those on the front lines, who are very vulnerable to being

exposed to COVID-19 and are at risk of life threatening.

It has been recorded that more than 100 doctors and hundreds of other medical

personnel have died from being infected with COVID-19 while carrying out health

service duties. Apart from the aspect of safety and protection from infection, another risk

that has the potential to affect the quality of life and productivity of our medical services

is the mental health aspect, including the risk of burnout syndrome or mental fatigue.

Health workers are potentially exposed to very high levels of stress, but there are no rules

or policies that can protect them from a mental health perspective (Meidina et al., 2020)

Research conducted by a research team from the Master of Occupational

Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia (MKK FKUI)

shows the fact that as many as 83% of health workers in Indonesia have experienced

moderate and severe burnout syndrome, which is psychologically at risk of disrupting

quality of life and work productivity in services. health.

According to the Head of the Research Team, Dr. dr. Dewi Soemarko, MS,

SpOK, this study also found the fact that General Practitioners in Indonesia who carry out

medical service duties at the forefront during the COVID-19 Pandemic have a 2 times

greater risk of experiencing burnout syndrome.

"The high risk of suffering from burnout syndrome due to exposure to unusually

severe stress in health facilities during this pandemic can have long-term effects on the

quality of medical services because these health workers can feel depressed, extreme

fatigue and even feel less competent in carrying out their duties, and this is certainly have

an unfavorable impact on our efforts to combat COVID-19," (Tresnaherdiarti, 2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on all aspects of society,

including mental health and physical health. WHO and public health authorities around

the world are acting to control the COVID-19 outbreak. However, this time of crisis

creates stress throughout the population. Fear and anxiety about this new disease, plus

other factors can influence job stress (Organization, 2021)”.

Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

Volume 2 Number 2, February 2022

319 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id

RESEARCH METHOD

The type of research used is correlation research. This research was conducted at X

Hospital in South Sumatra 2021. The population of this study was all health workers at

Hospital X in South Sumatra 2021, totaling 382 people based on staffing data for

Hospital X in South Sumatra as of March 2021. The sample of this study that will be

examined using the slovin formula, which amounts to 80 health workers at the hospital.

Pain X in South Sumatra. The steps of data processing in this study are as follows:

1. The weighting of each variable

Calculation of the weight value of each variable is carried out using the following

formula:

Weight value = (Amount of Strongly Agree x 5) + (Number of Agree x 4) +

(Number of Disagree x 3) + (Number of Disagree x 2) + (Number of Disagree x 1)

2. Multiple linear regression test

Multiple linear regression test was used to find out how much influence the

variables of Company Regulation (X1), Concerns (X2), Workload (X3), Working

Conditions (X4) had with the dependent variable stress symptoms (Y).

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Univariate Results

Univariate analysis was carried out to obtain an overview of the frequency

distribution of respondents based on the stress symptom variables collected in tables and

texts as below:

Table 1 Distribution of Respondents Frequency Based on Symptoms of Stress

at X Hospital in South Sumatra 2021

Stress Symptoms

Frekuency

Percentage (%)

There are Symptoms of Stress

53.8

No Stress Symptoms

46.3

Total

Based on Table 1, the number of respondents who experienced stress symptoms

was 43 respondents (53.8%) from 80 respondents, more than respondents who did not

experience stress symptoms, namely 37 respondents (46.3%).

B. Multiple Linear Regression Test on Health Workers at Hospital X in South

Sumatra

The results of the multiple linear regression test data processing for health

workers can be seen as follows.

1. Partial Test (t Test) on Each Variable

.Table 2. Partial Test Results (t Test) on Each Variable

Coefficients

Heriziana, Santi Rosalina

Perception Analysis of Health Workers' Stress During the Covid-19 Pandemic 320

Dependent Variable: Gejala Stres

Based on table 2, the results of the partial test (t test) on each variable. The basis

for making decisions based on the significance value is as follows:

1. Company regulation (X1) significance value 0.743 > 0.05 which means company

regulation (X1) has no effect on stress symptoms (Y)

2. Concern (X2) significance value 0.461 > 0.05, which means worry (X2) has no

effect on stress symptoms (Y)

3. Workload (X3) a significance value of 0.007 <0.05, which means that there is an

effect of workload (X3) on stress symptoms.

4. Working conditions (X4), a significance value of 0.023 <0.05, it means that there is

an effect of working conditions (X4) on stress symptoms.

2. Simultaneous Test (Test f) on Each Variable

Table 3. Simultaneous F Test Results (Multiple Linear Regression)

ANOVA

Model

Sum of Squares

Mean Square

Sig.

Regression

4302.733

1075.683

5.027

.001

Residual

16049.067

213.988

Total

20351.800

a. Dependent Variable: Y(Gejala Stres)

b. Predictors: (Constant), X4 (Working Conditions), X2 (Worries), X3 (Workload), X1

(Company Regulations)

Based on table 4.1 Simultaneous multiple linear regression f test results. The

basis for decision making based on the significance value is company regulation (X1),

worries (X2), workload (X3), and working conditions (X4) simultaneously affect stress

symptoms (Y) seen of the significance value is 0.001 <0.05.

Table 3 Results of the Coefficient of Determination (R2)

Model Summary

Model

R Square

Adjusted R

Square

Std. Error of the

Estimate

Durbin-Watson

.460

.211

.169

14.628

1.425

a. Predictors: (Constant), TotalKK, TotalK, TotalBK, TOTALRP

Model

Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

Sig.

Std. Error

Beta

(Constant)

11.332

6.500

1.743

.085

X1 (Company Regulation)

-.050

.152

-.042

-.330

.743

X2 (Worries)

.289

.390

.083

.742

.461

X3 (Workload)

.352

.128

.299

2.759

.007

X4 (Working Condition)

.726

.313

.288

2.322

.023

Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

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321 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id

b. Dependent Variable: TOTALGS

Based on table 4.4 the results of the coefficient of determination, namely the

magnitude of the effect given by variable X partially and simultaneously on variable Y, is

21.1%.

Discussion

1 Stress Analysis of Health Workers at Hospital X in South Sumatra

Based on the processing results, it was found that the variables of workload and

working conditions had an influence on stress symptoms in health workers.(Ogińska-

Bulik, Gurowiec, Michalska, & Kędra, 2021) This can be caused by differences in duties

and responsibilities as health workers and for different working conditions. Where with

the current pandemic conditions there must be anxiety felt by health workers at work so

that it adds to the burden and pressure at work.(Søvold et al., 2021) In addition, working

conditions require health workers to continue to work even in pandemic conditions

because they are the frontline who must be ready to serve patients with any condition.

Based on the theory (Gawron, 2008) Workload is defined as the effort expended

by the operator to achieve a certain level of performance or can also be defined as a

response (emotional, cognitive, and physical) to the demands of work. A high workload

can be a challenge for workers and motivate them to try harder to meet the demands of

the job. On the other hand, a high workload can also lead to negative emotional reactions

and physical exhaustion associated with overwork. Thus, workers' cognitive and

emotional resources can be depleted by stressors, resulting in impaired performance

(Elfering et al., 2018).

According to the theory (Iridiastadi 2014) excessive workload can also have a

negative impact on work quality and performance.(Mélan & Cascino, 2022) That the

workload is physiologically excessive will have an impact on health and work

productivity. In the context of ergonomics, the goal to be achieved is to ensure that the

work system is designed in such a way that the best productivity and quality of work can

be obtained, which can be achieved if the load is within the limits of physical capabilities.

Workload evaluation is an important point in research and development of the

relationship between humans and machines, seeking a better level of comfort,

satisfaction, efficiency and safety in the workplace, as well as the targets for achieving

ergonomics implementation.

Based on the theory (AGASTIA, 2014) Working conditions are conditions that

are around work that have an impact on workers in carrying out their duties. Workers will

feel satisfaction at work if it is supported by good working conditions or environment, so

that the company's performance and output can increase.(Badrianto & Ekhsan, 2020) On

the other hand, unsupportive working conditions can cause discomfort at work and

contribute to work stress.(Cramer & Hunter, 2019)

This study is in line with the study (Luceño-Moreno et al., n.d.) that analyzed

cross-sectional data on 1422 health workers. A total of 56.6% of health workers showed

symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, 58.6% of anxiety disorders, 46% of

depressive disorders, and 41.1% felt emotionally drained.(d’Ettorre et al., 2021) The

profile of the health worker with greater symptoms of post-traumatic stress is one who

works in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, in a hospital, is a woman, is worried

that the person living with her may be infected, and thinks that she/he is very likely to be

Heriziana, Santi Rosalina

Perception Analysis of Health Workers' Stress During the Covid-19 Pandemic 322

infected. The risk variables for anxiety and depression were people who were female,

worked 12 or 24 hour shifts, and were worried that family members could be infected.

High scores on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are mental health risk factors,

with resilience and personal fulfillment being protective variables. Data is provided to

improve preventive measures for occupational health workers.(Luceño-Moreno,

Talavera-Velasco, García-Albuerne, & Martín-García, 2020)

This research is in line with Ayu Lestari's research (2020), entitled Analysis of

Worker Stress Perceptions in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period, that there is an influence of

the Independent Variable X3 (Workload).(Nawir, Maulana, & Singkeruang, 2021) The

tcount value is 0.7180 where the ttable value is 2.0211, the ttable value > tcount and the

p-value in the sig column is 0.477 > 0.05, meaning that the workload has no significant

effect on the symptoms of service industry workers' stress. Independent Variable X4

(Working Conditions) The tcount value is 2.8450 where the ttable value is 2.0211, the t-

table value < tcount and the p-value in the sig column is 0.007 <0.05, meaning that

working conditions have a significant effect on the stress symptoms of service industry

workers.

Based on the results of research, theory, and related research, the researchers

assume that the workload and working conditions affect the symptoms of stress in health

workers because excessive workloads cause stress and that can cause stress, coupled with

pandemic conditions that can increase anxiety and stress. On the one hand, as health

workers, they must continue to provide services to patients, on the other hand, the fear of

being infected and being able to transmit it to their families is also a burden. In addition,

comfortable and safe working conditions are also a factor that can cause stress, because

when working conditions are safe and comfortable will make health workers can work

well and not cause stress.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that: The company's

regulation (X1) has a significance value of 0.743 > 0.05, which means that the company's

regulation (X1) has no effect on stress symptoms (Y). Anxiety (X2) has a significance

value of 0.461 > 0.05, which means that worry (X2) has no effect on symptoms of stress

(Y). Workload (X3) a significance value of 0.007 <0.05, it means that there is an effect of

workload (X3) on stress symptoms. Working conditions (X4), a significance value of

0.023 <0.05, it means that there is an effect of working conditions (X4) on symptoms of

stress.

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