ANALYSIS OF LABOR ABSORPTION IN EAST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE 2016-2020 PERIOD

Novi T. Kiak, Marselina Ratu, Maria I. H. Tiwu, Olivia Louise Eunike Tomasowa Nusa Cendana, University, Indonesia Email: novi.kiak@staf.undana.ac.id, marselinaratu@staf.undana.ac.id, Indrianitiwu@staf.undana.ac.id, olivia.tomasowa@staf.undana.ac.id ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: December, 26th 2021 Revised: January, 17th 2022 Approved: January, 18th 2022 This study analyzes the absorption of labor in East Nusa Tenggara Province for the 2016-2020 period. The research aims to identify sectors that have the power to absorb labor and the ability to compete in the 2016-2020 period; and find out how the effect of economic growth on employment in East Nusa Tenggara Province for the 2016-2020 period. The type of secondary data was obtained during the 2016-2020 observation period. These data include GRDP based on constant prices in East Nusa Tenggara Province for the 2016-2020 period and population data for those aged 15 years and over (labor data). The analytical tools used are Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share (SS), Kindergarten Productivity, TK Elasticity, MRP, Klassen and Typology. The results of the LQ analysis show that the agricultural, forestry and fisheries sectors are sectors that are not the leading sectors in absorbing labor during that period, the study because it has an LQ value below 1. The results of the analysis that the shift-share analysis shows during the analysis period 2016 to by 2020. In the province of East Nusa Tenggara, the largest information and communication sector has the largest competitive advantage, which is indicated by having a higher nij value compared to other provinces sector and has the largest number of employees.


INTRODUCTION
One of the economic problems that always arises in the region is the problem of the availability of jobs that can absorb labor. This problem usually arises when the rate of population growth is greater than the rate of economic growth. The large number and growth of the labor force accompanied by this limited capacity will lead to unemployment. Ideally, high economic growth is followed by high employment absorption. One form of population participation is through employment opportunities which are opportunities for residents to carry out their functions as economic resources in the production process. The large number and growth of the labor force accompanied by this limited capacity will lead to unemployment.
Regional economic development efforts have a goal in addition to economic growth as well as efforts to reduce the number of unemployed, because otherwise the number of unemployed will continue to increase and disrupt the process of further regional development. Development in the field of manpower is an integral part of national development, so that labor problems that arise are also the impact of problems of national economic development. Discussions on employment cannot be separated from the population and the workforce. The number of working age population (15 years and over) in an area continues to grow along with the increase in population. The total population in East Nusa Tenggara Province in 2016 was 5,203,514 people and in 2020 it was 5,541,394 people, thus during that period there was an increase in the number of residents of 337,880 people. The working age population in East Nusa Tenggara Province in 2016 was 2,277,068 people and in 2020 it was 2,458,232 people, so there was an increase in the population of 181,164 people or 1.49%. Large population growth which is usually followed by a growth in the labor force (Toossi, 2012). There will be serious problems with the absorption of labor if the increase in the labor force is not matched by the increase in labor absorption (Brückner & Pappa, 2012). (Tomasowa & Pudjihardjo, 2011) suggests about the theory of economic basis that regional economic growth is highly dependent on external demand from outside the region. According to (Fiń, 2017), the growth of some basic sectors will determine overall regional development, while the non-base sectors are only the consequences of regional development. Goods and services from the exported base sector will generate income for the region and increase consumption and investment (Banerjee, Cicowiez, & Gachot, 2015). An increase in income will not only lead to an increase in demand for the basic sector, but will also increase demand for the non-base sector, which in turn will also encourage an increase in investment in the non-basic sector.
According to the Harrod-Domar theory in (Boianovsky, 2018), in order for an economy to continue to experience full use of its capital tools and achieve full employment opportunities from time to time (steady growth), a rate of increase in capital equipment and labor must be created equal to the desired growth rate (warranted). rate of growth). Therefore, in relation to regional economic development, the opening of the economy of a region is very important because it will facilitate the movement of capital and labor equipment from one region to another so that full use of capital tools and employment opportunities can occur from time to time.
Neo-classical theory suggests that the factors that will determine the growth rate of a country's economic growth are the increase in capital accumulation which includes investment in land, physical infrastructure and human capital, population and labor force growth, as well as technological progress technological progress) which is the most important source of economic growth (Eisner & Nadiri, 1968). Technological progress can be in the form of saving workers or saving capital (Todaro & Smith, 2000).
Therefore, this study seeks to systematically describe the absorption of labor in the province of East Nusa Tenggara so that it can be taken into consideration for local governments, especially in the preparation of economic and manpower planning and policies.

RESEARCH METHOD
To answer the research objectives proposed, namely to obtain an overview and understanding of regional economic conditions in employment, the following analytical methods can be used: 1. Analysis of Labor Elasticity is used to determine how much influence economic growth has on employment in TTS Regency -East Nusa Tenggara Province.

Analysis (1). Location Quotient (LQ), (2). MRP (overlay), (3). Klassen
typology is used to determine the basic and non-basic sectors in employment. 3. Analysis of Labor Productivity. This analysis is used to calculate the output produced by labor by sector. To assist the analysis of changes in the structure of the workforce, several additional indicators such as productivity and labor elasticity are needed. Labor productivity is calculated by the formula (see (Hasnah, 2016) EKKi is the elasticity of employment opportunity in sector i of TTS Regency. If the elasticity value: EKK 1 indicates the growth rate of labor absorption is greater than the rate of labor productivity. EKK 1 shows that the growth of labor absorption is smaller than the rate of labor productivity.

EKK = 1 indicates a constant level of productivity
The LQ technique aims to measure the comparative advantage of an area in determining its base sector. In this analysis, LQ is calculated based on the number of workers by comparing the workforce in an area (district/city) with workers in the comparison area (province). The formula used is (Arsyad, 1999): Eij is a sector i worker in district/city j Ej is the total workforce in the district/city j Ein is a provincial sector worker. En is the total workforce of the province. The Growth Ratio Model (MRP) is used to obtain the reference area growth ratio (RPr) and study area growth ratio (RPs) with the formula: Where : EiR is the change in the workforce of sector i in the reference area, EiR(t) is the workforce of sector i in the reference area of year t, ER is the total workforce change in the reference area, ER(t) is the total workforce in the reference area year (t), Eij is the change in the workforce of sector i in the study area, Eij(t) is the workforce of sector i in the study area in year t. Overlay analysis is intended to see a description of potential economic activities based on growth criteria (MRP) and contribution criteria (Location Quotient) which are further classified into 4 (four) possibilities in the Overlay analysis related to the description of the economic structure. The four possibilities are (MT, 1999). 1. Growth (+) and contribution (+), shows a very dominant sector, both growth and contribution; 2. Growth (+) and contribution (-), indicating a sector with dominant growth but a small contribution; 3. Growth (-) and contribution (+), indicating a sector with small growth but large contribution; 4. Growth (-) and contribution (-), indicate a sector that has no potential, both in terms of growth criteria and contribution. In this case, Klassen's Typology analysis uses labor data. This aims to see the position of the economic sectors that have the potential to absorb labor in Kupang City.
In Klassen's Typology analysis, the observed sector is also divided into four classifications, namely the fast-growing and fast-growing sector (high growth and low income), the advanced but depressed sector (high income but low growth), the fastgrowing sector (high growth but low income). ), and relatively lagging sectors (low growth and low income).

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The results of the analysis of the Location Quotient of Labor since 2016 -2020 are in full in Table 1. From the LQ value in Table 1, it can be seen that the agricultural sector; forestry, and fisheries are not among the sectors that excel in absorbing labor in East Nusa Tenggara Province with an LQ value < 1 for the 2016 -2020 research period. the transportation and warehousing sector, and for other sectors it is also a superior sector for employment.
The use of the Growth Ratio Model (MPR) is divided into 2 (two), namely the reference area growth ratio (RPr) and the study area growth ratio (RPs). Based on the results of the MRP analysis, it shows that the growth rate of labor and the contribution of labor generated by the sector in East Nusa Tenggara Province has a small growth rate, the growth rate of the same sector at the national level, indicates that most of the sectors in East Nusa Tenggara Province have low growth rates. small growth but big contribution; Based on the analysis of the Klassen Typology of East Nusa Tenggara Province with a sectoral workforce approach, it can be seen that the Manufacturing Industry sector; the electricity and gas procurement sector; wholesale and retail trade, car and motorcycle repair sector; The transportation and warehousing sector is classified as a developed sector and is growing rapidly. For the Mining and Quarrying sector, the Water Supply sector, Waste Management, Waste and Recycling, the construction sector, the Accommodation and Food and Drink Provision sector And the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries sectors are relatively lagging sectors. The data is then grouped according to the Klassen Typology classification as presented in the following table: In this case, labor is one of the factors of production that plays an important role in the formation of added value of an economic activity. so to see a picture of how much added value is provided by each worker in an economic activity, it can be seen by calculating labor productivity. The results of the calculation of labor productivity in East Nusa Tenggara Province from 2016 to 2020 are explained below. Source: Data Processed The table above shows that the highest average productivity during the study period was achieved by the Finance, Insurance, Leasing and Building, Land, and Corporate Services business fields. The lowest productivity is in the sector/business field of Agriculture, Forestry, Plantation, Fisheries. The average productivity for all sectors is 942.5. This means that each worker on average produces an output or contribution to GRDP of Rp. 942.5 million. The sectors/ business fields of Finance, Insurance, Rental and Building Business, Land, and Corporate Services in East Nusa Tenggara Province showed the highest productivity with 297.74.
Economic growth has an influence on the workforce in the area concerned, namely in the form of growth in labor productivity and labor absorption (Cai & Wang, 2010). The effect of economic growth on employment is carried out by analyzing the elasticity of labor. From table above it can be seen that in East Nusa Tenggara Province the highest average elasticity during the study period was achieved by the Finance, Insurance, Rental and Building Businesses, Land, and Corporate Services sectors/business fields, while the electricity, gas and electricity sector/business fields http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id company water shows the lowest elasticity. The elastic (sensitive) sectors in the absorption of labor are the mining and quarrying sector; processing industry sector; building sector; the trading, wholesale and retail sector of Restaurants; and the financial, insurance, rental and building business, land and corporate services sectors. The sector that has the highest elasticity is the Finance, Insurance, Rental and Building Business, Land, and Corporate Services sector at 4.8, this means that if the economy in this sector grows by 1 (one)% per year it can cause an increase in employment in the sector. The average is 4.8% per year. According to the Harrod-Domar theory, in order for an economy to continue to experience full use of its capital tools and achieve full employment opportunities from time to time (steady growth), a rate of increase in capital equipment and labor must be created equal to the desired growth rate (warranted). rate of growth). Therefore, in relation to regional economic development, the opening of the economy of a region is very important because it will facilitate the movement of capital and labor equipment from one region to another so that full use of capital tools and employment opportunities can occur from time to time. (Kuncoro, 1919) says that the new paradigm of regional economic development for job opportunities is that jobs must develop jobs that are suitable for local residents.
Various theories of economic growth that have been described are able to explain the state of the economy in TTS Regency (Sanam, Nugraha, & Rero, 2021). The importance of finding the base/leading sector to increase the distribution of income from outside the region, observing the components that affect employment absorption, observing production growth associated with labor productivity and labor elasticity..