How to cite:
Reswita, Zozy Aneloi Noli, Resti Rahayu. (2022). Effect of Giving
Frass Hermetia Illucen L. on Soil Physical Chemical Properties,
Chlorophyll Content and Yield of Upland Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) On
Ultisol Soil. Journal Eduvest. Vol 2(2): 335-346
E-ISSN:
2775-3727
Published by:
https://greenpublisher.id/
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2 Number 2, February, 2022
p- ISSN 2775-3735- e-ISSN 2775-3727
EFFECT OF GIVING
FRASS HERMETIA ILLUCEN L
. ON
SOIL PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES,
CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT AND YIELD OF UPLAND RICE
(
ORYZA SATIVA L
.) ON ULTISOL SOIL
Reswita, Zozy Aneloi Noli, Resti Rahayu
University of Andalas, Mathematical and Natural Science Faculty, Biology
Department, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
,
[email protected]
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Received:
January, 26
th
2022
Revised:
February, 17
th
2022
Approved:
February, 18
th
2022
Ultisol soils is a kind that experiences problems due to high
acidity and Al saturation, low nutrient, and organic matter
content, and are sensitive to erosion. Therefore, alternative
efforts need to be made to overcome this, one of which is
using Frass fertilizer from Black Soldier Fly fly larvae. Frass
is the result of bioconversion as a by-product of rearing BSF
larvae which contains a large number of nutrients that are
useful for plants and also to overcome the problem of
Ultisol soil. The purpose of this research knowing the effect
of giving BSF Frass and the extent to which Frass fertilizer
can replace the need for NPK fertilizer for upland rice (Oryza
sativa L.) on Ultisol soil. The experiment was arranged in a
factorial completely randomized design consisting of 2
factors and 3 replications Factor A as the total dose;
control, 10% Frass, 20%, and 30% Frass, and Factor B as the
dose of NPK fertilizer: 100% positive control (according to
recommendations), 75%, 50%, and 25%. The results showed
that the application of Frass can improve the physical and
chemical properties of Ultisol soil, and increase the grain
weight of 100 seeds. The combination of giving Frass 30%
with 25% NPK had a significant effect on increasing the
total chlorophyll content of upland rice leaves when
compared to giving Frass with doses of 20% and 10% with
Reswita, Zozy Aneloi Noli, Resti Rahayu
Effect of Giving Frass Hermetia Illucen L. on Soil Physical Chemical Properties,
Chlorophyll Content and Yield of Upland Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) On Ultisol Soil 336
all combinations of NPK. However, it was not significantly
different when compared to the control combination which
received treatment with NPK as much as 100% and 75%.It
was concluded that the application of 30% Frass combined
with 25% NPK fertilizer had a significant effect on the
chlorophyll content of upland rice and had the potential to
reduce the use of chemical fertilizers by 25%.
KEYWORDS
Black Soldier Fly, Bioconversion, Frass, NPK, Ultisol
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
INTRODUCTION
Rice production in Indonesia is generally managed as lowland rice and non-
paddy rice production (Fried et al., 2021). Lowland rice is rice that is produced from
paddy fields while non-paddy rice is the result of upland rice grown on dry land. Until
2015 it was known that upland rice production only contributed about 5% of the total
national rice production (Pujawati, Suryanegara, & Rudiastuti, 2020). Meanwhile, the dry
land area in Indonesia reaches 108.8 million hectares, of which around 62.6 million
hectares are suitable for agricultural cultivation areas (Rochayati, 2018).
One of the acid drylands that are widespread in Indonesia and have the potential
as land for upland rice farming is Ultisol soil (Pujawati et al., 2020). Problems with
Ultisol soil in its utilization are high acidity and Al saturation, low nutrient, and organic
matter content, and sensitivity to erosion (HUTAHAEAN, 2022). These obstacles can be
overcome by the application of technology such as liming, fertilization, and organic
matter management (Gurmessa, 2021). However, giving lime if it is given in excess can
be toxic to plants, while the application of inorganic fertilizers causes various negative
impacts such as increased plant production costs, reduced soil fertility, and environmental
problems (Prabowo & Subantoro, 2018). Therefore, alternative efforts need to be made to
reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers and replace them with organic fertilizers that are
more environmentally friendly. One of them is using Frass fertilizer from Black Soldier
Fly/BSF (Hermetia illucens L.) fly larvae.
Frass is the result of bioconversion as a by-product of rearing BSF larvae which
contains a large number of nutrients that are useful for plants. Among the nutritional
content of the Frass are total nitrogen of 2.1%, total phosphorus of 1.16%, total potassium
of 0.17%, total Ca of 0.19%, and total Mg of 0.16% (Gurmessa, 2021). The use of BSF
Frass as organic fertilizer is relatively a new concept in the agricultural system so it
requires information about its performance related to the growth and development of
agricultural crops, one of which can be observed through the chlorophyll content in
plants. Because chlorophyll is part of the photosystem that functions to capture sunlight
for the photosynthesis process (Porcar-Castell et al., 2021).
As for research related to testing the ability of BSF Frass as organic fertilizer,
such as the research on Vigna unguiculata L. (Saputra et al., 2021), maize (Zea mays)
(Alattar et al., 2016 and Beesigamukama et al., 2020), scallion (Zahn, 2017), ryegrass
(Menino et al., 2021). However, research related to the effect of BSF Frass on upland rice
chlorophyll levels is still limited.
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2 Number 2, February 2022
337 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id
Based on the information above, it is necessary to do research on the effect of
giving Frass Hermetia illucen L. on the physical and chemical properties of soil,
chlorophyll content, and yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Ultisol soil.
RESEARCH METHOD
This research was carried out from April to August 2021 at the Parak Karakah
experimental garden, Padang City and the Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of
Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang. The
study used an experimental method arranged in a Factorial Completely Randomized
Design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors and 3 replications.(Mukhlisah, Abustam, &
Maruddin, 2020) The first factor is the dose of Frass (0, 10%, 20%, and 30%), while the
second factor is the dose of NPK fertilizer (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%).
Frass obtained from the State-Owned Enterprises (BUMNAG) Lubuk Alung
Padang and West Java Maggot Manager. Meanwhile, the NPK fertilizer to be applied to
the growing media was adjusted to the recommended dosage for upland rice, namely
Urea 150 kg/ha, SP-36 75 kg/ha, and KCl 50 kg/ha. Furthermore, analysis of
macronutrient content in Frass and soil that has received additional Frass treatment was
carried out.
The measurement of chlorophyll content was carried out in the vegetative phase,
namely less than 60 days after planting using the Arnon method (1949). An analysis of
chlorophyll content was carried out by grinding 0.5 g of young leaves with 50 ml of 80%
acetone in mortal for 5 minutes or until the leaf sample was smooth. Furthermore, the
extract was centrifuged for 15 minutes at a speed of 3500 rpm to separate the natant and
supernatant. Then, the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll)
were analyzed using the spectrophotometer method. Optical Density (OD) of the extract
was measured at wavelengths of 663 and 645 nm. Chlorophyll content (mg/g) can be
calculated by the following formula:
a. Chlorophyll a = [12.7 (OD 663) - 2.69 (OD 645)] x V/(1000)(w)
b. Chlorophyll b = [22.9 (OD 645) - 4.68 (OD 663)] x V/(1000)(w)
c. Total chlorophyll = [20.2 (OD 645) + 8.02 (OD 633)] x V/(1000)(w)
Description:
OD : Optical Density of Spectrophotometer
V : Volume of acetone used
W : Fresh weight of leaf sample used
Meanwhile, the observation of the weight of 100 grains of rice was carried out by
weighing 100 grains of rice from each treatment.
Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS Statistics 24 IMB program on the
content of chlorophyll a, b and total as well as grain weight of 100 seeds using analysis of
variance (ANOVA). If the effect of the treatment is significantly different, it will be
continued with the Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) further test at the 5%
level.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
1. Analysis of Frass content and soil nutrient content
The results of the analysis of Frass content and soil content that received Frass
Reswita, Zozy Aneloi Noli, Resti Rahayu
Effect of Giving Frass Hermetia Illucen L. on Soil Physical Chemical Properties,
Chlorophyll Content and Yield of Upland Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) On Ultisol Soil 338
treatment are shown in Tables 1 and 2. The Nutrient analysis of Frass showed the
presence of macroelements N, P, K that met the compost specification standard from
domestic organic waste (SNI 19-7030-2004). While the results of the analysis of soil
nutrients that received treatment with Frass showed that the treatment with Frass as much
as 30% had a higher soil nutrient content than other dose treatments.
Table 1: Frass Content Analysis
NO
Parameter
Unit
1
pH
%
2
N-Total
%
3
P-Total
%
4
K-Total
%
5
Na-Total
%
6
Ca-Total
%
7
Mg-Total
%
8
S(Sulfur)
%
9
C-Organic
%
10
C/n
%
11
Aluminum
ppm
Table 2: The results of the analysis of soil content after giving Frass
2. Chlorophyll Content Analysis
Based on the results of statistical analysis of the chlorophyll a, b and total
chlorophyll content of upland rice plants, it is known that the dose of Frass and the
combination of the dose of Frass with NPK fertilizer has a significantly different effect on
the chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content of upland rice plants. The chlorophyll
content of upland rice applied with Frass and NPK fertilizer is shown in Tables 3, 4 and
5.
No
Elements of
Analysis
Unit
Frass Dosage on Ultisol Soil (%)
0
10
20
30
1
KA
%
18.85
23.87
28,30
27.38
KKA
%
1.18
1.23
1.28
1.27
2
pH
5.56
5.63
5.66
5.68
3
N-Total
%
0.133
0.277
0.467
0.535
4
P-Available
ppm
3,212
34,151
60,369
61,035
5
K,dd
me/100g
0.269
0.392
0.379
0.370
6
Na, dd
me/100g
0.255
0.575
0.414
0.412
7
Ca,dd
me/100g
1.242
0.694
0.581
0.672
8
Mg, dd
me/100g
0.749
0.857
1.047
1,201
9
Al,dd
me/100g
8,038
14,227
13.0009
15.555
10
C-Organic
%
0.566
5,898
10,396
10,531
11
B-Organic
%
0.977
10,168
17,924
18,155
12
S(Sulfur)
ppm
24,631
25,688
40,768
26,950
13
Porosity
62.13
63.12
68.59
68.91
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
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339 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id
Table 3. Content of chlorophyll a (mg/g) Upland rice plants applied with Frass and NPK
Fertilizer Vegetative Phase
Treatment
NPK Dose*
Average
Factor A
Frass Dose
(%)
100%
75%
50%
25%
0
0.70±0.01 h
0.65±0.02 gh
0.61±0.03
efgh
0.55±0.02
cdefg
0.63±0.02
C
10
0.42±0.04 ab
0.46±0.03 bcd
0.43±0.05
abc
0.51±0.03
bcdef
0.45±0.04
A
20
0.49±0.01
bcde
0.59±0.04
efgh
0.46±0.07
bcd
0.33±0.03 a
0.47±0.03
A
30
0.43±0.04 ab
0.50±0.02
bcdef
0.57±0.02
defg
0.61±0.01 fgh
0.53±0.09
B
Average
factor B
0.51±0.02A
0.55±0.03 A
0.52±0.04 A
0.50±0.02 A
Descripti
on:
Factor A and Factor A*B were significantly different.
The numbers in each row and column followed by the same uppercase and
lowercase letters showed results that were not significantly different for
each single factor and combination factor at the 5% level of the DNMRT
test.
* = From the recommended dose
Table 4. Chlorophyll b content (mg/g) Upland rice plants applied with Frass and
Vegetative Phase NPK Fertilizer
Treatme
nt
NPK Dose*
Average
Factor A
Frass
Dose
(%)
100%
75%
50%
25%
0
1.78±0.06 g
1.53±0.08 fg
1.38±0.15
def
1.23±0.09 cdef
1.48±0.09
C
10
0.87±0.11 ab
0.96±0.10
abc
0.90±0.12
abc
1.12±0.06 bcd
0.96±0.09
A
20
1.05±0.04
bcd
1.35±0.09
def
1.04±0.19
bcd
0.68±0.08 a
1.03±0.10
A
30
0.95±0.13
abc
1.16±0.05
bcd
1.32±0.05
def
1.48±0.04 efg
1.23±0.06
B
Average
factor B
1.16±0.08 A
1.25±0.08 A
1.16±0.12 A
1.13±0.06 A
Descriptio
n:
Factor A and Factor A*B are significantly different, Factor B is not
significantly different
The numbers in each row and column followed by the same uppercase and
lowercase letters showed results that were not significantly different for
each single factor and interaction factor at the 5% level of the DNMRT test.
* = From the recommended dose
Reswita, Zozy Aneloi Noli, Resti Rahayu
Effect of Giving Frass Hermetia Illucen L. on Soil Physical Chemical Properties,
Chlorophyll Content and Yield of Upland Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) On Ultisol Soil 340
Table 5. Total chlorophyll content (mg/g) vegetative phase Upland rice plants applied
with Frass and NPK Fertilizer Vegetative Phase
Treatme
nt
NPK Dose*
Average
Factor A
Frass
Dose
(%)
100%
75%
50%
25%
0
2.48±0.07
h
2.18±0.10 gh
1.99±0.18 efg
1.78±0.12
cdefg
2.11±0.11
C
10
1.29±0.15
ab
1.42±0.13 abc
1.34±0.17 abc
1.63±0.09
bcde
1.42±0.13
A
20
1.54±0.05
bcde
1.95±0.13
defg
1.51±0.07 bcd
1.02±0.12 a
1.50±0.09
A
30
1.38±0.17
abc
1.67±0.08
bcdef
1.89±0.07 defg
2.10±0.04 fgh
1.76±0.09
B
Average
factor B
1.67±0.11
A
1.80±0.11 A
1.68±0.12 A
1.63±0.09 A
Descripti
on:
Factor A and Factor A*B were significantly different, Factor B was not
significantly different.
The numbers in each row and column followed by the same uppercase and
lowercase letters showed results that were not significantly different for
every single factor and combination factor at the 5% level of the DNMRT
test.
* = From the recommended dose
Based on Tables 3, 4, and 5, it is known that the treatment with Frass showed a
significantly different effect on the chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content of
upland rice plants in Ultisol soil. The higher the dose of Frass, the chlorophyll content of
upland rice plants also increased but was not higher than the control. While the treatment
with NPK fertilizer showed no significant effect for all treatment doses. While the
combination treatment of Frass with NPK fertilizer showed that the combination
treatment of 30% Frass with 25% NPK was not significantly different from the control
treatment with 100% and 75% NPK but was significantly different from other dose
treatments.
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
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Table 6. Grain Weight of 100 Seeds (g) Upland rice plants applied with Frass and NPK
Fertilizer
Treatment
NPK Dose*
Average
Factor A
Frass
Dose
(%)
100%
75%
50%
25%
0
2.43±0.04
abcd
2.34±0.04 ab
2.37±0.05
abc
2.35±0.04
abc
2.37±0.04
A
10
2.31±0.06 a
2.34±0.03 ab
2.33±0.02 ab
2.35±0.03
abc
2.33±0.03
A
20
2.33±0.07
ab
2.40±0.03
abcd
2.43±0.05
abcd
2.34±0.05 ab
2.37±0.05
A
30
2.53±0.02
cd
2.44±0.02
abcd
2.51±0.08
bcd
2.57±0.09 d
2.51±0.05
B
Average
factor B
2.40±0.048
A
2.38±0.03 A
2.41±0.05 A
2.40±0.05 A
Description
:
Factor A and Factor A*B are significantly different, Factor B is not
significantly different
The numbers in each row and column followed by the same uppercase
and lowercase letters showed results that were not significantly different
for every single factor and interaction factor at the 5% level of the
DNMRT test.
* = From the recommended dose
Discussion
1. The results of the analysis of the Frass content and soil content
The results of the analysis of the content of BSF fertilizer with several parameters
including test results that meet the compost specifications from domestic organic waste,
namely pH, N-Total, P-Total, K-Total, Mg-Total, and C-Organic. Based on this, it can be
seen that Frass (BSF fertilizer) has a high nutrient content and can support plant growth.
Based on the soil content before and after administration of Frass, the pH
increased towards a neutral pH along with the increase in the dose of Frass. It is suspected
that Frass is included in the category of humic acid. Humic acid contains hydroxyl and
carboxyl functional groups with activities that can reduce the hydrolysis of hydrogen ions
so as to increase soil pH (Winarso, et al., 2009). With the increasing content of humic
acid, it will be able to increase the pH and availability of P in the soil (Ifansyah, Himmah,
& Pertiwi, 2021). Then the macronutrient content which includes N-Total, P-Total, K-
Total, Mg-Total, and S increased along with the addition of Frass dose and the highest
dose of 30% Frass was given.SNI 19-7030-2004.
Based on research conducted by Yuniarti et al., (2019), organic fertilizer
application has a significant effect on increasing levels of C-Organic, N-Total, C/N, N
uptake, and yield of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L. indica). on Inceptisol from Jatinangor. It
is known that the element N is an essential nutrient which is included in the macro
nutrient which is needed in large quantities.(Sofyan, Sara, & Machfud, 2019) The
function of nitrogen is to improve plant vegetative growth and protein formation. The
element N has an important role in the growth and development of all living tissues. In
Reswita, Zozy Aneloi Noli, Resti Rahayu
Effect of Giving Frass Hermetia Illucen L. on Soil Physical Chemical Properties,
Chlorophyll Content and Yield of Upland Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) On Ultisol Soil 342
addition, organic fertilizers are also known to be able to improve soil structure by
mineralizing organic matter which has an impact on the availability of macro and micro
nutrients.
2. Response chlorophyll content against gift giving
In the treatment with Frass, there were differences in chlorophyll content,
presumably due to the presence of different nutrients between the control and Frass
treatment. Nutrients including N, P, K, Mg, and S play a role in the formation of plant
chlorophyll. Based on Table 2, it can be seen that the presence of elements N, P, K, Mg
and S in Frass is 30% higher than other treatments. This is thought to be a factor that
supports the increase in chlorophyll levels in the treatment with 30% Frass, which is
higher than the 20% and 10% Frass treatment. However, the chlorophyll content in the
30% treatment was not higher than the control.(Sofyan et al., 2019) This is thought to be
due to the presence of a higher aluminum element in Frass which is one of the factors that
affect the chlorophyll content.(da Silva, de Mello Prado, Soares, de Almeida, & dos
Santos, 2021) The aluminum element in the Frass treatment was 30% higher, namely 15,
555 me/100 g while the control is around 8.038 me/100 g. The higher presence of the
aluminum element is thought to affect the chlorophyll content of upland rice plants
because the aluminum element can fix phosphorus so that phosphorus becomes insoluble
and is not available in the soil (Bohn, et al., 2001). This is in line with the research by
Karimaei and Poozesh (2016) which states that the presence of high Al elements can
reduce the total chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b) in spinach plants in
acid soils.
The chlorophyll content of plants is not only affected by the presence of N, P and
K elements, but also by the presence of Mg elements.(Chrysargyris, Papakyriakou,
Petropoulos, & Tzortzakis, 2019) Magnesium is a component of chlorophyll which is
needed for photosynthesis and protein synthesis. Magnesium as the central atom of the
chlorophyll molecule acts in collecting photons in photosystem I (PS I) and photosystem
II (PS II).(Sirohiwal, Neese, & Pantazis, 2021) Mg deficiency can cause chlorosis and
even necrosis as a form of decreased chlorophyll content, CO2 fixation, decreased carbon
metabolism and electron transfer in photosynthesis. Because the element Mg plays a key
role in utilizing light energy in the photosynthesis process (Marschner, 2002;Chaudhry et
al., 2021; Farhat et al.,2014). From the results of soil nutrient analysis, in the treatment
with 30% Frass the magnesium content was higher (1,201 me/100 g) compared to other
treatments and controls (0.749 me/100 g). So it is suspected that although the Al content
affects the availability of phosphorus in the growing media, the presence of higher Mg
encourages the formation of chlorophyll in the 30% treatment with Frass to increase
compared to the 20% and 10% doses.
3. Response chlorophyll content against giving combination Frass with NPK
Based on Table 3 for the combination treatment using NPK fertilizer, the highest
chlorophyll a content of upland rice plants was obtained, namely the 30% Frass treatment
with 25% NPK and treatment without Frass with 100%, 75% and 50% NPK. This is
related to the presence of nitrogen in the Frass used, which shows that the nitrogen
content of the Frass is quite high and is in accordance with the compost specifications
from domestic organic waste. Supported by Wenno and Sinay's research (2019) on
pakcoy plants treated with the addition of manure containing high nitrogen content
combined with tofu waste was proven to increase chlorophyll a levels by 2.007 mg/L.
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2 Number 2, February 2022
343 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id
This shows that the nitrogen content plays an important role in increasing the levels of
chlorophyll a.
Table 4 shows the effect of the combination of Frass and NPK on the content of
chlorophyll b. The combination of treatment giving 30% Frass with 25% NPK showed no
significant effect with the combination of control treatment with 100% and 75% NPK.
Chlorophyll b is in charge of capturing light waves with a wider range than chlorophyll a,
which is limited in capturing light waves, but chlorophyll b functions as an antenna that
collects light to be transferred to the reaction center. The formation of chlorophyll b also
requires sufficient nitrogen elements. Research conducted by Wenno & Sinay (2019)
which proved that Brassica chinensis L. plants which were treated with manure with a
higher nitrogen content,
4. Response grain weight 100 seeds against giving combination Frass with NPK
Giving Frass as much as 30% showed a significantly different effect on grain
weight of 100 upland rice seeds compared to lower doses and controls.(Momesso et al.,
2020) This is because the addition of Frass to Ultisol soil can increase nutrient uptake, as
can the use of organic fertilizers which can also increase nutrient uptake of N, P and K in
rice plants in Yang et al., (2004) research. The use of organic fertilizers significantly
increases the uptake of N, P and K and facilitates the allocation and transfer of nutrients,
especially P to the rice grains. This resulted in a significant increase in the weight of 1000
grains and grain yields. Based on the results of soil analysis (Table 2), 30% Frass contains
higher P nutrients, which is 61.035 ppm higher than the 20% dose of Frass, 10% or
without Frass. According to Nugroho (2016), increasing the phosphorus content in the
soil can increase the weight of 1000 plant seeds. It is also supported by the results of
research by Beesigamukama et al., (2021) which prove that in addition to having high N,
P and K content, Frass fertilizer has the ability to increase the mineralization rate by 3-10
times and nitrification 2-4 times compared to ordinary fertilizers. and without fertilizer. In
addition, giving Frass has the potential to increase the population of fungi and bacteria in
the soil and reduce soil acidity. Siregar's research (2013) stated that the application of
organic material in the form of straw compost and cow manure had a significant effect
with treatment without organic matter on the dry weight of 1000 grains of rice. by
increasing the phosphorus content in the soil, it can increase the weight of 1000 plant
seeds. It is also supported by the research results of Beesigamukama et al., (2021) which
prove that in addition to having high N, P and K content, Frass fertilizer has the ability to
increase the mineralization rate by 3-10 times and nitrification 2-4 times compared to
ordinary fertilizers. and without fertilizer. In addition, giving Frass has the potential to
increase the population of fungi and bacteria in the soil and reduce soil acidity. Siregar's
research (2013) stated that the application of organic material in the form of straw
compost and cow manure had a significant effect with treatment without organic matter
on the dry weight of 1000 grains of rice. by increasing the phosphorus content in the soil,
it can increase the weight of 1000 plant seeds. It is also supported by the research results
of Beesigamukama et al., (2021) which prove that in addition to having high N, P and K
content, Frass fertilizer has the ability to increase the mineralization rate by 3-10 times
and nitrification 2-4 times compared to ordinary fertilizers. and without fertilizer. In
addition, giving Frass has the potential to increase the population of fungi and bacteria in
the soil and reduce soil acidity. Siregar's research (2013) stated that the application of
organic material in the form of straw compost and cow manure had a significant effect
Reswita, Zozy Aneloi Noli, Resti Rahayu
Effect of Giving Frass Hermetia Illucen L. on Soil Physical Chemical Properties,
Chlorophyll Content and Yield of Upland Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) On Ultisol Soil 344
with treatment without organic matter on the dry weight of 1000 grains of rice. It is also
supported by the research results of Beesigamukama et al., (2021) which prove that in
addition to having high N, P and K content, Frass fertilizer has the ability to increase the
mineralization rate by 3-10 times and nitrification 2-4 times compared to ordinary
fertilizers. and without fertilizer. In addition, giving Frass has the potential to increase the
population of fungi and bacteria in the soil and reduce soil acidity. Siregar's research
(2013) stated that the application of organic material in the form of straw compost and
cow manure had a significant effect with treatment without organic matter on the dry
weight of 1000 grains of rice. It is also supported by the research results of
Beesigamukama et al., (2021) which prove that in addition to having high N, P and K
content, Frass fertilizer has the ability to increase the mineralization rate by 3-10 times
and nitrification 2-4 times compared to ordinary fertilizers. and without fertilizer. In
addition, giving Frass has the potential to increase the population of fungi and bacteria in
the soil and reduce soil acidity. Siregar's research (2013) stated that the application of
organic material in the form of straw compost and cow manure had a significant effect
with treatment without organic matter on the dry weight of 1000 grains of rice. Frass
fertilizer has the ability to increase the mineralization rate by 3-10 times and nitrification
2-4 times compared to the application of ordinary fertilizer and without fertilizer. In
addition, giving Frass has the potential to increase the population of fungi and bacteria in
the soil and reduce soil acidity. Siregar's research (2013) stated that the application of
organic material in the form of straw compost and cow manure had a significant effect
with treatment without organic matter on the dry weight of 1000 grains of rice. Frass
fertilizer has the ability to increase the mineralization rate by 3-10 times and nitrification
2-4 times compared to the application of ordinary fertilizer and without fertilizer. In
addition, giving Frass has the potential to increase the population of fungi and bacteria in
the soil and reduce soil acidity. Siregar's research (2013) stated that the application of
organic material in the form of straw compost and cow manure had a significant effect
with treatment without organic matter on the dry weight of 1000 grains of rice.
In the combination of using Frass with NPK fertilizer, the highest grain weight of
100 upland rice seeds was obtained, namely at 30% Frass with 25% NPK dose. At a dose
of 30% Frass with a combination of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% NPK, the results were not
significantly different. So it can be stated that Frass plays a role in increasing the weight
of 100 seeds of grain. This is thought to be due to the provision of Frass which plays a
role in increasing soil fertility. Frass as a bioconversion product from BSF flies contains
beneficial bacteria to complement the nutrient needs of the soil and provide a good supply
and availability of nutrients to plants. In line with the opinion of Sarpong et al, (2019)
that the high nitrogen content in Frass is a form of biochemical activity of BSF larvae and
nitrifying bacteria secreted from the intestines of BSF larvae. It is supported by the
research of Menino et al., (2020) that Frass fertilizer is able to increase dehydrogenase
activity due to its higher N content. Dehydrogenase is an intracellular enzyme produced
by microorganism cells. Dehydrogenase activity can be used as a parameter to determine
general soil microbial activity. Dehydrogenase is considered a good measure of oxidative
microbial metabolism in soil. The increasing number of Frass used is in line with the
increase in soil microbial activity and dehydrogenase activity which affects plant
productivity. Dehydrogenase activity can be used as a parameter to determine general soil
microbial activity. Dehydrogenase is considered a good measure of oxidative microbial
metabolism in soil. The increasing number of Frass used is in line with the increase in soil
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 2 Number 2, February 2022
345 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id
microbial activity and dehydrogenase activity which affects plant productivity.
Dehydrogenase activity can be used as a parameter to determine general soil microbial
activity. Dehydrogenase is considered a good measure of oxidative microbial metabolism
in soil. The increasing number of Frass used is in line with the increase in soil microbial
activity and dehydrogenase activity which affects plant productivity
CONCLUSION
Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that Giving Frass as much as
30% combined with 25% NPK fertilizer has a significant effect on the chlorophyll
content of upland rice and has the potential to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers by
25%.
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