How to cite:
Aryaning Arya Kresna (2021). Flashcard Games as a Learning
Tool : Internalizing the Practical Values of Pancasila. Journal
Eduvest. 1(12): 1488-1998
E-ISSN:
2775-3727
Published by:
https://greenpublisher.id/
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 1 Number 12, December 2021
p- ISSN 2775-3735 e-ISSN 2775-3727
FLASHCARD GAMES AS A LEARNING TOOL : INTERNALIZING
THE PRACTICAL VALUES OF PANCASILA
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Received:
November, 26
th
2021
Revised:
December, 17
th
2021
Approved:
December, 19
th
2021
This paper discusses new possible efforts to internalize the
values of Pancasila through a flashcard game. This is
because these values can be taught in a fun way through
games. Internalization of these values can be done
explicitly or implicitly in several aspects of the game,
namely the rules of the game, the characters, and the
narrative. The discussion begins with a hermeneutic
analysis of Pancasila values that will be internalized to the
game participants. The method used was hermeneutics as
a tool of philosophical analysis to obtain a practical
concept of the philosophical values of Pancasila.
Furthermore, these practical values will be used in the
effort to internalize values through flashcards games. The
results of the analysis were simplified so that they can be
used as a narrative and reference for the game, as well as
a reference for game rules. The conclusion is that the
flashcards game can be used as a means of internalizing
the values of Pancasila if these values can be
comprehensively expressed in the narrative, flow, and
rules of the game.
KEYWORDS
Games, Flashcards, Internalization, Pancasila, Values
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Aryaning Arya Kresna
Flashcard Games as a Learning Tool : Internalizing the Practical Values of Pancasila
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INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a nation-state that was build after World War II. As a new nation
with so many aspects of diversity, Indonesia needed ―common reason‖ which could be
used as a common paradigm to unite tribes, languages, and religious belief. Luckily,
Indonesia’s founding fathers came up with a new discourse called Pancasila. Since the
beginning of its independence from imperialism and colonialism, Pancasila has been a
binding force within this young and has become the philosophy of the nation.
However nowadays, Pancasila seems to be increasingly abandoned by its
adherents, and therefore new efforts are needed to revive it. The revival of Pancasila can
be done through different media. The results of the Strategis Nasional Unggulan
Multitahun (Multi-year National Excellent Strategic) research conducted by the Center
for Pancasila Studies UGM, which was funded by DIKTI in 2012-2013, have provided a
new understanding that it is easier to cultivate Pancasila as a way of life and national
ideology through multimedia and games rather than classroom citation.
The most important factor is that in internalizing these values, the paradigm for
publicizing Pancasila must abandon the New Order-style indoctrination method and use a
new way, namely through the method of play.The game to be used as a learning tool and
value internalization must be specially designed from all aspects to be effective.
RESEARCH METHOD
The method used is hermeneutics as a tool of philosophical analysis in order to
obtain a practical concept of the philosophical values of Pancasila. Furthermore, these
practical values will be used in the effort to internalize values through flashcards games.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Pancasila as a Method and Philosophical System
Since the beginning, Pancasila has always been claimed as a crystallization of the
noble values of the Indonesian. However, reality does not seem to align with the values..
These words are less important so please delete them deviations from Pancasila values in
political, economic, socio-cultural, and religious practices must be immediately
addressed. The problems faced by this nation is the level of relevance of Pancasila values
in everyday life. An understanding of the values of Pancasila must be practical and freely
interpreted logically (Aryaning Arya Kresna, 2013).
Pursuing the Philosophy of Pancasila leaves the understanding that Pancasila can
be understood as a system of beliefs and, at the same time, as a method of thinking. By
getting deeper into Pancasila through philosophy, it is found that the linkage between
Pancasila as a system of thought and as a method for conducting assessments is too
complicated, although it needs to be taught to all Indonesians as its main constituent,
Pancasila needs to be simplified. The question that arises is, which parts of Pancasila can
be simplified so that it can be more easily understood, especially by future generations at
the primary school level?
Understanding Pancasila as an ideology will be easier than if trying to understand
Pancasila a philosophical system. As a philosophical system, Pancasila is often trapped in
different philosophical concepts, which is also a source of values and it is often
ambiguous in its basic terms, for example, regarding the metaphysical, anthropological
concept of Pancasila, namely Monopluralist Man.
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Particularly, this concept needs to be taught to all Indonesians. However, It is only
taught formally and usually at the higher education level because Pancasila, as a
philosophical system, must be understood holistically. However, as a method of
assessment, teaching about what’s good or bad that refers to the values of Pancasila, must
be started early, given the importance of the position of Pancasila. Therefore, the choice
to simplify Pancasila leads to the interpretation of these values in real life (Aryaning Arya
Kresna, 2016)
B. Values of Pancasila
The points of Pancasila are a practical understanding that provides guidelines for a
person's behavior, but the sentences that appear are still too abstract, too normative which
makes it difficult to understand and internalize for learners. Pancasila values that can be
used as guidelines are those that can be implemented and are easy to understand, such as
honesty, equality, mutual coperation, mutual assistance. These positive values have active
consequences, meaning that their activities can be implemented in real life (Darmaputera,
1988). The practical values of Pancasila can be internalized through games because they
are psychomotoric. Students can learn together and build understanding with other
participants To validate the understanding. The aspects that need to be considered in the
game to be used in value internalization are 1). Game rules, 2). The narrative that appears,
and 3). Character in the game figure (Hirumi, Appelman, Rieber, & van Eck, 2010).
These 4 aspects must be formulated and designed in such a way that when it is played, all
players can enjoy the game, apply game rules, amused, and in the end will exemplify
Pancasila values in the game.
C. Character, Narrative, and Rules of the Game
Character is an absolute factor in education because learning activities are actually
an extension of the human mimetic concept (Lugmayr et al., 2017). Like every form of
self-expression, humans try to understand themselves by imitating (mimesis) and
symbolizing all human behavior (Graeber, 2013). In an effort to understand himself,
humans create a gap between their consciousness and phenomena in order to understand
themselves more fully. So that through this narrative, he is able to see himself more
clearly. If we look closely, this is a reflection of human life, a kind of the theme of
reflection and abstraction of human life, which is understood as a human way of
interacting with environmental situations, fellow humans, and themselves.
(Aristotle, 2006) argued that humans are mimesis about their nature. In chapter 4 of
Aristotle's Poetics, he wrote that the essential pleasure that every human being achieves
when mimesis is "learning and thinking." Aristotle argues that literary mimesis is to
represent a complete and continuous action from the beginning, the content, and the
conclusion. All three are connected by necessity and possibility.
According to (Broadie, 1991), the emotions that appear in observing a person's
character are human attempts to understand himself. For example, a teenager who
watched the coverage of the E-KTP corruption case that dragged the names of DPR
members from certain commissions. The teenager feels angry watching these events in
the coverage, but he will understand that one of the fastest ways to get wealth is to
become representatives of the people, get involved in corruption cases, and still be able to
continue to dodge, arguing loudly, and insisting that he is innocent. Furthermore, it was
up to him whether he would imitate the corrupt behavior or instead save it as a despicable
event that he would not replicate.
Aryaning Arya Kresna
Flashcard Games as a Learning Tool : Internalizing the Practical Values of Pancasila
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Since childhood, humans learn to imitate what they see, and this sense of experience creates
pleasure and enjoyment of their own. Through mimetics, people personify themselves, and at the
same time, they can become themselves more fully. Through mimetics, humans can better position
themselves in social relations between individuals, as well as gain the ability to perform
abstraction through reflection on self-awareness and their position as a social being as well as an
individual.
This mimetic process in the understanding of the Javanese view of the world is
called "introspection" and "tepo seliro". When among society there is someone with a
good character and qualifications similar to their daily lives, they are mistreated by other
people or institutions, experience lousy luck, suffer and suffer, society no longer just
stares, but they internalize the character into their lives and begin to be influenced and
carried away the narrative and plot contained in the coverage (Brian Kresna, 2011).
This stage of gratification and release is what Aristotle called katharsis. However,
this term has always been a topic of debate among philosophers and art experts. There are
at least three kinds of analysis on the concept of catharsis, namely medically, morally,
and cognitively, but so far, only cognitive analysis is considered important enough to be
observed.
This mimetic human condition requires a strong character to become a role model and benchmark.
Learning for children aged 8-10 years requires role models for their character building. The past of
the Indonesian people, especially the Javanese people, used the epics of Ramayana and
Mahabarata along with Rahwana, Rama, Shinta, Kumbakarna, Pandawa, Kurawa, Resi Drona,
Sengkuni, and other figures to interpret their lives and educate the character of future generations.
This is also needed in current conditions, especially to carry out character education based on
Pancasila values. Children aged 8-10 years need an example from a character with Pancasila
values. If the values are not found in the real world, it is appropriate to create a fictional character
who has the character and behaves according to the Pancasila.
Once characters have been defined, a narrative must be structured to show the
characters' best performance. A narrative is discourse that tries to tell an event as if the
reader saw or experienced the event himself. Therefore, the most crucial element in a
narrative is the element of action or action. What happens is none other than the actions
people do over a period. The narrative tells more about a dynamic life in a time series
(Takrifin, 2017).
The narrative's ability to shape values lies in its freedom. As a fictional narrative, a
story can amaze viewers and inspire how humans should act when they experience the
same life story as a character. Human ability to empathize can be triggered by a narrative
that provokes compassion, and a character always hit by a disaster. At the same time,
optimism can be transmitted through the narrative of courage and intelligence and
ingenious and robust character. However, the narrative and the characters are only able to
tell and inspire. When character building through value cultivation must be carried out,
students must be directly involved in the praxis (Dickey, 2006). Therefore, cultivating
values through games needs to be equipped with appropriate game rules and support for
the character-building process.
The rules of the game play a big part in the character's educational efforts through
the game. Rules give you the shape and flow of the game. In these rules, the purpose of a
game can be determined from the beginning. Rules give direction to the narrative and the
steps a character takes, in order to make the game meaningful. A game can be used as a
way of shaping the character of its players if the goal is to inspire and educate players to
adhere to the values of kindness that apply in society. Honesty, and integrity, discipline
and obedience, can be taught when the rules of the game are indeed made for such
purpose (Salen, 2004). Therefore, rules, along with narrative and character are the most
important aspects here.
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D. Flashcards Game
The flashcards game is considered quite capable of being a means of internalizing
the practical values of Pancasila because, in addition to inviting players to play in groups,
the advantages of picture cards lie precisely in the image they carry. Good pictures and
images, and strong character depiction, will make it easier for players' imagination to
develop together. Because they are visual in nature, picture cards simultaneously make it
easier for players to narrate the game and compromise the narrative. This shows the
advantages of the flashcardsgame compared to other games. In addition to the character
and narrative skills, the flashcardsgame includes the advantages of storytelling, but at the
same time lets the players create their own narrative. (Turner & Martinek, 1999)
Flash card games are very likely to be a means of character building. As in online
video games, Gee explains six reasons why someone plays 1). the satisfaction of
completing the task, 2). overcome obstacles and challenges. 3). daily entertainment, 4).
new fantasy, 5). interaction with friends and family, and 6). curiosity. So the conclusion
put forward is to play both for mental health, humanity, and learning. Although many
studies show a low influence on learning performance, the good side of play, especially
as a means of learning, turns out to be very significant. (Gee, 2008).
This pictorial card game that is deliberately designed to internalize the practical
values of Pancasila is called "Pancasila, The Card Game." This flashcardsgame is
designed to be as simple as possible so that it can be played and understood easily by
players, as shown in the image below.
Image: III.1.
Title: Pancasila The Card Game
Source: Author
The card game is very important because it allows the players to think, talk, act,
and even live in the game. The players can role-play and become any character in the
game. This extraordinary virtual world is what makes card games a great place to learn.
So it can be concluded that by creating a virtual world of its own, card games combine
knowing and doing, caring, as well as being. The card game brings players to create self-
identity and environment and make sense of their lives because learning about values and
assessments is carried out simultaneously and effectively. (Shaffer et al, 2004)
E. Card Making Scheme
Pancasila values that have been taught from elementary to high school. + Pancasila
values from everyday life.
Brainstorm game rules, sketches.
Aryaning Arya Kresna
Flashcard Games as a Learning Tool : Internalizing the Practical Values of Pancasila
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The finished product is a picture card.
The first step is to imagine a figure/character which is suitable and in accordance
with the points of Pancasila (in the example of the fourth principle, democracy led by
wisdom in deliberation/representation). The 4th principle is depicted as a bull in the
shield of the Garuda Pancasila. This bull will be used as a character in the card game.
Next is to select appropriate values to illustrate. It is at this time that the Pancasila
values that must be simplified can be included in the card game. The character that
appears in the figure of a bull is wisdom, because when living in a group, the bull does
not form a group hierarchy based on power, but on its function in the group.
Next, the bull figure is illustrated to make it more interesting. The name of this bull
figure is Adhaka, chosen from the Sanskrit word Adaka which means bull. The addition
of the letter H is given to become a new name that has an element of myth in it. The
ability of this Adhaka card is Equality. In accordance with the value of the 4th principle,
there is the value of wisdom and wisdom. It is hoped that the ability of this card can
stimulate wisdom in players. Equality is meant so that players understand that everything
has consequences, and that is without exception. The process of forming a character in a
bull figure can be seen in the image below:
Image : III.2. Initial sketch Image :III.3. Digital Sketch
Source : the author Source : the author
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Image : III.4 Final (front) Image : III.5. Final (back)
Source : the author Source : the author
F. Game Rules
Equipment:
One set of Pancasila The Card Game consists of 75 picture cards (15-star series
cards, 15 bull series cards, 15 banyan series cards, 15 chain series cards, and 15 rice and
cotton series cards).
The number of players:
2 - 5 people. (aged 6 years and over and required a game supervisor such as a
teacher/parent)
Preparation:
Each player gets 5 cards randomly at the beginning of the game. The remaining
cards are arranged to face down like a deck.
How to play:
Each round, the player takes 1 card from the deck and discards 1 card from the
hand. The maximum card in hand is 5 cards. Alternatively, use the card abilities as
written on the card.
Take cards for each round until a player collects 1 set of Pancasila colors.
Game Objectives:
Introducing and instilling the basic state of Pancasila to the community by playing
cards.
The score of the Game:
The unity and integrity of Pancasila. The Pancasila system, which is a unity,
consists of principles that do not contradict each other.
The unity of Pancasila is organic. The existing principles cannot be partially
remembered, cannot be eliminated.
Principles of Pancasila:
Aryaning Arya Kresna
Flashcard Games as a Learning Tool : Internalizing the Practical Values of Pancasila
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o The One and Only Godhead (Star)
o Just and civilized humanity (Chain)
o Indonesian Unity (Banyan)
o Population led by wisdom in deliberation/representation (Bull)
o Social justice for all Indonesian people (Rice and Cotton)
Victory
The player who first collects 5 cards from the 5 Pancasila principles of the same
color.
Figures and Characters in Picture Cards
The first principle: Belief in Supreme God
The star symbol in the First Principles is represented by a female figure named
Kajoraras, derived from the name Kajor, Kejora, which refers to the Star. The characters
that appear are harmony, tolerance, piety, and so forth.
Image : III.6 Star
Source : The author
Second principle: A Just and Civilized Humanity
The chain symbol in the Second Precept is represented by a pair of humans as the
embodiment of two chain forms, namely squares and oblongs. The two children are
named Saba and Sabi. The characters that appear are harmony, helping, fair and civilized
Image : III.6 Chain
Source : The author
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Third principle: Unity of Indonesia
A living Banyan tree represents the Banyan symbol in the third principle. This tree
is called Benyamin F, which is the Latin name Banyan. The character that is carried is
solid, nurturing, and the source of life.
Image : III.6 Banyan Tree
Source : The author
The fourth principle: Democracy led by the inner wisdom in Deliberation /
Representation
The bull, in the fourth principle, is represented by the figure of Adhaka, taken from
the Sanskrit language with the same meaning. The characters that appear are equality and
society.
Image: III.9. Bull.
Source: Author
The fifth principle: Social justice for the entire people of Indonesia
The symbol for rice and cotton in the fifth principle is represented by a pair of little
fairies, named Adlay and Alana; their names are taken from the Latin words rice and
cotton. The characters that appear are mutual need, share, and give in to win.
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Flashcard Games as a Learning Tool : Internalizing the Practical Values of Pancasila
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Image : III.8. Rice-Cotton.
Source : the author
CONCLUSION
Flash card game can be a means of internalizing the practical values of Pancasila,
because of its visual nature, it can stimulate players to create a narrative in playing so that
players can enjoy the game. At the same time, obeying the rules of the game and all the
sanctions can train the players' sportsmanship and honesty. All of these predicates can be
excellent triggers in an effort to internalize the practical values of Pancasila in a fun way.
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