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Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

Volume 2 Number 1, January 2022

p- ISSN 2775-3735 e-ISSN 2775-3727

TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY BASED ON LOCAL

WISDOM IN IMPROVING THE WELFARE OF LOCAL

COMMUNITIES

Herly Methelda Oematan, Maria Elerina Douk Tunti, Siprianus G. Tefa

1,2,3

Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected]

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Received:

December, 26

2021

Revised:

January, 17

2022

Approved:

January, 18

2022

This study aims to formulate a tourism development

strategy based on local wisdom in improving the welfare

of local communities in the Districts of North Mollo,

Central Mollo, South Mollo, and Fatumnasi, South Central

Timor Regency, NTT Province. This research is a

quantitative descriptive study using questionnaires,

observation and documentation as data collection

methods. The analytical tool is a SWOT analysis in order to

find out internal and external factors that will be

strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities and

threats in the development of tourism based on local

wisdom. Research respondents consisted of visitors to

tourism sites, village officials and local residents in the

tourist areas of North Mollo, Central Mollo, South Mollo,

and Fatumnasi. The results show that the sub-districts of

North Mollo, Central Mollo, South Mollo, and Fatumnasi

have internal and external tourism potential, namely local

wisdom in the form of beautiful nature and fresh air as

well as serving local agricultural products and local home

industry products which are processed professionally

through MSMEs. -MSMEs that have local characteristics

Herly Methelda Oematan, Maria Elerina Douk Tunti, Siprianus G. Tefa

Tourism Development Strategy Based On Local Wisdom In Improving The Welfare Of

Local Communities 2

that cannot be obtained by visitors in other areas. This is a

differentiating factor with other tourist sites in NTT.

KEYWORDS

Tourism, Local Wisdom, Welfare improvement, SWOT

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

INTRODUCTION

The tourism sector has an increasingly important role for the Indonesian economy

at the macro level. In 2018 foreign tourists were recorded at 15.81 million people with a

growth rate of 12.58% (BPS, 2019) and foreign exchange contributions of USD 16.1

billion (Kemenpar, 2019). In the same year, domestic tourists recorded 303.4 million trips

with a growth of 12.37% (BPS, 2019) with a total expenditure of IDR 291 trillion and a

growth rate of 17.9% (Kemenpar, 2019). Thus it can be said that tourism somehow has a

role and makes a major contribution in improving the welfare of the people where

tourism objects are developed (Yoeti, 2008). This achievement is in line with the mandate

of Law Number 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism which states that the implementation of

tourism is aimed at increasing national income in order to improve the welfare and

prosperity of the people, expand and equalize business opportunities and employment

opportunities, encourage regional development, introduce and utilize objects and tourist

attraction in Indonesia and foster a sense of love for the homeland and strengthen

friendship between nations and most importantly in accordance with the national research

master plan for 2017-2045, namely preserving local wisdom from local communities for

tourism development in the future.

The Provincial Government of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) under the leadership

of Governor Viktor Laiskodat focuses on 5 (five) main programs, namely 1) tourism, 2)

people's welfare, 3) human resources, 4) infrastructure, and 5) bureaucratic reform. The

University of Nusa Cendana Kupang is also in the strategic plan for 2017-2021 as a

partner of the government and also focuses on developing the tourism economy with the

aim of improving people's welfare. In order to realize the welfare of the people in NTT,

one of the missions of the NTT Regional Government as outlined in the 2018-2023

RPJMD is the development of the tourism economy by encouraging economic actors to

be able to take advantage of local potential. This is because tourism has three aspects of

influence, namely economic aspects (sources of foreign exchange and taxes), social

aspects (job creation) and cultural aspects (Hartono in Hanny Aryunda, 2011). The

existence of the tourism sector should receive support from all parties such as local

governments as managers, communities in tourism objects, private sector participation as

developers and universities as government partners who contribute constructive thinking

in tourism development.

NTT is one of the provinces that has abundant natural resource potential.

Geographical conditions and characteristics of the unspoiled territory and the culture of

the people who are still oriented to local wisdom make NTT has various potential tourist

attractions which, if successfully developed, will improve the welfare of the community

and become a source of income for the region and the state. South Central Timor

Regency (TTS) which has very beautiful natural tourism potential. As one of the

development sectors that can spur economic growth and community welfare, tourism is

considered a strategic asset to encourage development and economic growth in the TTS

Regency area.

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Volume 2 Number 1, January 2022

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Some of the advantages of TTS are: 1) Located at an altitude of 800-1000 meters

above sea level so as to make the air cool, 2) Has a variety of potential and tourist

attractions in the form of mountains, beaches and cultural tourist attractions, 3) Its

strategic location , is in a middle position between the regencies on the mainland of

Timor, which is a transit area that connects the capital city of NTT Province (Kupang

City) with two other district capitals, namely the Regencies of North Central Timor

(TTU) and Belu to the neighboring Democratic State of Timor Leste. which is a gateway

for foreign tourists (TTS Regency Culture and Tourism Office, 2014 in Mellu, et al,

2018).

Table 1 Number of International and Domestic Tourists in NTT 2017-2019

Year

Tourist

Total

Overseas

Domestic

2017

93.455

523.083

616.538

2018

123.686

682.777

806.463

2019

112.806

456.461

569.267

Source: NTT in Figures, 2019

Viewed from Table 1, it can be said that the level of tourist visits in NTT has

fluctuated. However, at the beginning of 2020 the world was hit by the COVID-19

pandemic. This had an impact on the world tourism sector, including in NTT. In May

2020, the number of tourists to NTT did not reach 30,000 people (economy.bisnis.com).

Despite experiencing a decline in PAD from the tourism sector, the regional

government of TTS remains optimistic in increasing revenue from the tourism sector after

the implementation of the new normal, especially since all types of tourism in TTS are

natural tourism that meets the criteria for the Health protocol. The government will

continue to try to maintain tourism conditions because this sector is considered to be a

sector capable of accelerating economic growth in order to reduce poverty in the TTS

district. According to the Regent of TTS, during the Deliberation on the Development

Plan (Musrembang) of the 2019 Regional Development Work Plan (RKPD), many

tourism objects in TTS have not been managed optimally as tourist destinations. So the

problem faced is the low management of tourist destinations which has an impact on the

low PAD of TTS. According to him, if existing tourism objects are managed optimally to

become income for the region, it will have an impact on the economic growth of the

community because other sectors such as small and medium enterprises in the community

are also active (http://ttskab.go.id, March 26, 2019).

In accordance with the strategy and direction of the TTS district development

policy for 2019-2024, it is contained in the 4th mission, namely "Increasing people's

income (Tourism, Agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries, industry, trade, cooperatives,

MSMEs, and BUMDES)". In this 4th mission, the tourism sector becomes a leading

sector with strategies made, namely: 1) increasing the number of tourist destinations, 2)

increasing the number of tourists, and 3) increasing the accessibility of tourist

destinations, increasing the economy for local communities around tourism objects

(Regency RPJMD). TTS 2019-2024).

Departing from the strategy and policy direction of the 2019-2024 TTS district

development, the vision of the TTS Tourism Office, namely the TTS tourism object, must

be a leading destination in the NTT Province. This vision will be pursued by carrying out

four missions, namely 1) developing tourism potential, 2) developing promotion and

marketing, 3) developing the tourism industry, and 4) developing human resources

(http://ttskab.go.id, 11 April 2018) .

Herly Methelda Oematan, Maria Elerina Douk Tunti, Siprianus G. Tefa

Tourism Development Strategy Based On Local Wisdom In Improving The Welfare Of

Local Communities 4

There are several things that have not been managed and developed properly

based on strategic issues of cultural and tourism development in the TTS district in terms

of the description of SKPD services, the medium-term targets in the NTT Strategic Plan

and the 2014-2019 TTS District Spatial Plan (RTRW): (1) not yet known all the potential

objects and tourist attractions, both cultural, natural and special interests, (2) not all areas

of the TTS district have been traversed with adequate access, (3) tourism institutions have

not been organized, including coordinating institutions related to policy making, tourism

actors, including promotion agencies, (4) tourism promotion and tourism marketing are

still being carried out separately, which should be formed by a cooperative body to

promote cultural tourism attractions, tourism packages, and so on, (5) the limited amount

of investment in tourism can show the role of the private sector and the community is not

optimal, (6) the competitiveness of tourism destinations national tourism, among others,

inadequate facilities and infrastructure and less than optimal management of destinations,

(7) public awareness in the tourism object environment in capturing business

opportunities/creative economy is very lacking, (8) limited budget platform in the tourism

sector (Renstra of TTS Regency Tourism Office 2015-2019 in Mellu, et al, 2018). This is

the reason why so many tourist attractions are not well developed especially new tourist

attractions. The various obstacles above are also faced by various tourist objects scattered

in the sub-districts of North Mollo, Central Mollo, South Mollo and Fatumnasi, TTS

Regency.

Local wisdom is a strategy used in attracting tourists to visit a destination or

tourist attraction. This research is expected to be able to provide data and information

related to the potential and recommendations for tourism development strategies that have

local wisdom in the Mollo and Fatumnasi regions. The tourism sector requires a strategy

with a planned or structured pattern of tourism development so that its potential can be

developed optimally (Primadany 2013). With this in mind, this study aims to formulate a

tourism development strategy based on local wisdom in improving the welfare of local

communities in the Mollo and Fatumnasi areas, TTS NTT Regency.

RESEARCH METHOD

This study uses a descriptive approach. The population of this research is users of

tourist objects (tourists) who use tourism objects in the sub-districts of North Mollo,

Central Mollo, South Mollo and Fatumnasi, TTS as well as communities located around

tourist objects, as well as the local government of TTS. The sampling method used

accidental sampling technique consisting of tourists and residents around the tourist

attraction. Specifically for the TTS Regional Government, the sampling technique uses

purposive sampling where the samples are taken using the criteria of tourism policy

makers in this case the head of the TTS Regency Tourism Office, the head of the section

(kabag) and the head of the subsection (kasubag) at the TTS Tourism Office. The total

sample to be used is 250 samples.

Research Flow Stages

This research includes the stages of inventory, analysis and evaluation, and the

concept of tourism development.

1. Inventory Stage

Inventory is the collection of primary and secondary data from a location at this

time. Primary and secondary data consist of physical, biophysical, and social aspects.

Data is obtained in the following ways: a. Field observations were carried out to

determine site conditions, including physical conditions, biophysical conditions,

landscape characters, and activities of the user community and its surroundings; 2)

Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

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Interviews conducted with visitors, communities, and managers;

2. Data Analysis

To map and process research results using the Variables, Dimensions, and

Indicators of each Variable to determine tourism development strategies for the Mollo

and Fatumnasi regions, TTS uses SWOT analysis techniques to maximize strengths and

opportunities, and minimize weaknesses. (weakness) and threats (treat). Then determine

the internal environment (IFAS) to find out various possible strengths and weaknesses

and analyze the external environment (EFAS) to find out various possible opportunities

and threats.

3. Tourism Object Development Strategy

The action is determined by the IFE and EFE Matrix. Quadrants I, II, and IV are

perceived as grow and build actions. An intensive and integrative strategy can be used as

an appropriate approach. Alternative preparation is done by combining internal factors

with external factors. The combinations include SO (strengths and opportunities), ST

(strengths and threats), WO (weaknesses and opportunities) and WT (weaknesses and

threats). Determining the priority of alternative strategies is done by adding up all the

scores of the constituent factors. The strategy that has the highest score is the top priority.

Research sites

This research was conducted in the Districts of North Mollo, Central Mollo,

South Mollo and Fatumnasi, TTS District, NTT.

Data Types and Sources

a) Primary data was obtained through distributing questionnaires, direct

observation to tourist sites in the Mollo and Fatumnasi areas, TTS. Primary data was

conducted through a questionnaire to determine public perceptions about the condition of

tourist objects in the Mollo and Fatumnasi areas, TTS. Direct observations and interviews

with parties related to the location of tourist objects were carried out to identify the

characteristics of tourism objects, obstacles and tourism potential in the Mollo and

Fatumnasi regions, TTS.

b) Secondary data obtained through various documents containing information

supporting the research.

Analysis Tools

The analytical tool used is a SWOT analysis.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

SWOT Analysis Results

1) Internal Factor Analysis

Internal factors are entered into a matrix called the internal strategy factor

matrix or IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Summary).

Table 2 IFAS . Weights, Ratings and Scores

INTERNAL STRATEGIC FACTORS

Weight

Rating

Score =

Weight x

Rating

Strenght

Pleasant natural scenery and clean air quality

7,18

0,17

1,19

Strategic tourist location

6.79

0,15

1,05

Easy access to tourist sites

5,66

0,14

0,77

Availability of public facilities and

infrastructure, namely public toilets, trash

cans, security guards and health protocol

facilities (during the Covid 19 pandemic)

5,00

0,12

0,60

Herly Methelda Oematan, Maria Elerina Douk Tunti, Siprianus G. Tefa

Tourism Development Strategy Based On Local Wisdom In Improving The Welfare Of

Local Communities 6

Receive budget support from the TTS

Regency Government and the Village

Government as well as moral support from

local village community leaders

5,27

0,12

0,66

Government protected area

6,08

0,14

0,84

Local people who are friendly to visitors

,78

0,16

1,08

Total Strenght

6,20

Weakness

Weight

Rating

Score = Weight

x Rating

Tourism promotion media that is still

lacking

-6,53

0,21

-1,39

There is no sponsorship from a third

party for the existing tourist sites

-6,19

0,20

-1,23

Tourists visit only at certain times

-5,87

0,20

-1,16

The lack of an entrepreneurial spirit

from the community around tourist sites

-6,02

0,20

-1,19

There are no arts and cultural attractions

that are synchronized with the tourist

agenda

-6,12

0,20

-1,19

Total Weakness

-6,15

Source of data: Primary, processed by researchers, 2021

From Table 3 above, it can be explained that the highest strength value is in the

items of pleasant tourist natural scenery and clean air quality with a score of 1.19 and a

weight of 7.18 while the biggest weakness is in tourism promotion media items which are

still lacking with a score of 1.19. -1.39 and a weight of -6.53. This shows that the

beautiful nature and fresh air in the Mollo and Fatumnasi sub-districts are their own

strengths or differentiating factors from other tourist sites in attracting tourists, although

for now these locations have not been promoted regularly by the government or other

stakeholders.

External Factor Analysis

External factors are entered into a matrix called the EFAS external strategy factor

matrix (External Factor Analysis Summary).

Table 4 EFAS . Weights, Ratings and Scores

EXTERNAL STRATEGIC FACTORS

Weight

Rating

Score = Weight

x Rating

Opportunities

Improving the economy of the

community where the tourist location is

located

2,69

0,14

0,36

Creation of new job opportunities for the

local community

2,63

0,13

0,35

Increasing Village Original Income

(PADDesa)

2,50

0,12

0,31

Momentum for local arts and cultural

attractions

2,52

0,13

0,32

Momentum for promotion of local

people's agricultural products

2,79

0,14

0,39

Many media including social media are

available for tourism promotion

2,36

0,12

0,28

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Many institutions/third parties have

concerns and can be used as partners in

tourism development

2,32

0,12

0,27

Availability of budget from the TTS

District Government to facilitate training

related to tourism and life skills to the

community

2,12

0,11

0,23

Total Opportunities

2,51

Threat

Weight

Rating

Score =

Weight x

Rating

Tourist sites that are prone to natural

disasters such as fires and landslides

-1,83

0,24

-0,45

Visitors' indiscipline in preserving the

nature of tourism, such as littering

-2,48

0,32

-0,80

Land ownership disputes between

residents of tourist sites

-1,93

0,25

-0,49

The act of intentionally destroying tourist

sites by local residents

-1,77

0,22

-0,40

Total Threat

-2,13

Source of data: Primary, processed by researchers, 2021

From Table 4 above, it can be explained that the highest opportunity value is in

the momentum for the promotion of local community agricultural products with a score

of 0.39 and a weight of 2.79. Meanwhile, the biggest threat is the visitor's indiscipline

item in preserving the nature of tourism, such as littering with a score of -0.80 and a

weight of -2.48. This means that when tourist visitors visit tourist locations in the Mollo

and Fatumnasi sub-districts, the opportunity is used by the community around tourist sites

to promote agricultural products, home industry products and even these products are also

sold to visitors. tour. On the other hand, the presence of tourist visitors also creates its

own problems for tourist sites where many visitors are not disciplined in disposing of

waste in existing tourist sites.

Judging from the results of the IFAS table analysis above, it shows that the

strength factor obtained a total score of 6.20 and the weakness factor obtained a total

score of -6.15 with a difference in score of (+) 0.05. This means that the strength factor is

greater than the weakness factor. While the EFAS table shows that the opportunity factor

gets a score of 2.51 and the threat factor gets a total score of -.2.13 with a difference in

score of (+) 0.38. This means that tourism-related opportunities in the Mollo and

Fatumnasi sub-districts can be maximized to reduce existing threats. Graphically, the

results of the identification of internal and external factors can be explained in the image

and SWOT diagram below:

Herly Methelda Oematan, Maria Elerina Douk Tunti, Siprianus G. Tefa

Tourism Development Strategy Based On Local Wisdom In Improving The Welfare Of

Local Communities 8

Figure 2 SWOT Chart

Source: Primer, processed by researchers, 2021

Disscussion

In order to find out the tourism management strategy in the Mollo and Fatumnasi

sub-districts, a SWOT matrix is needed that can show the strengths, weaknesses,

opportunities and threats that exist in the Mollo and Fatumnasi sub-districts. Based on the

SWOT matrix, it can clearly describe the results of the SWOT analysis related to tourism

management strategies in the Mollo and Fatumnasi sub-districts as follows:

Tabel 5 Matriks SWOT Pengelolaan Pariwisata di wilayah Kecamatan Mollo dan

Fatumnasi

IFAS

EFAS

Strenght (S)

1. Pleasant natural scenery

and clean air quality

2. Strategic tourist location

3. Easy access to tourist

sites

4. Availability of public

facilities and infrastructure,

namely public toilets, trash

cans, security guards and

health protocol facilities

(during the Covid 19

pandemic)

5. Received budget support

from the TTS Regency

Government and the

Village Government as

well as moral support from

local village community

leaders

6. Government protected

areas

Local people who are

friendly to visitors

Weakness (W)

1. Tourism promotion

media is still lacking

2. There is no

sponsorship from a

third party for the

existing tourist sites

3. Tourist visitors visit

only at certain times

4. The lack of

entrepreneurial spirit

from the community

around the location

5. There are no arts and

cultural attractions that

are synchronized with

the tourist agenda

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10

6.20,2.51

-6.15,-2.13

-6.15,2.51

6.20,-2.13

0.05,0.38

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Oppurtunities (O)

1. Improving the economy of

the community where the

tourist location is located

2. The creation of new job

opportunities for the local

community

3. Increasing Village PAD

4. Momentum for local arts

and cultural attractions

5. Momentum for promotion

of local community

agricultural products

6. Many media including

social media are available

for tourism promotion

7. Many institutions/third

parties have concerns and

can be used as partners in

tourism development

Availability of budget from

the TTS Regency

Government to facilitate

training related to tourism

and life skills to the

community.

SO Strategy

1. Pleasant tourist natural

scenery and clean air

quality, strategic tourist

locations, easy access to

tourist sites are the

determining factors for

high tourist visits. This

momentum must be used

by residents around

tourist sites to not only

promote their

agricultural products but

can sell them to visitors

which can improve the

local community's

economy. On the other

hand, there are currently

many media, including

social media, that can be

used not only to promote

existing tourist sites but

also to promote

agricultural products

from communities

around tourist sites. The

strategy that can be

formulated in this regard

is the preparation of an

expert and skilled

workforce in mastering

technology and

information that focuses

on promoting tourism

potential and the

economic potential of

the community around

tourist sites by using

various platforms such

as websites and social

media such as YouTube,

Facebook, Instagram

and so.

WO Strategy

Tourist visitors only

visit at certain times,

there is a lack of

entrepreneurial spirit

from the community

around the location and

there are no artistic and

cultural attractions that

are synchronized with

the tourist agenda. In

fact, if there is an effort

to increase tourist

visitors, it will have an

economic impact on

residents as well as an

increase in PADDes

for villages in tourist

locations. For this

reason, the strategy

that can be formulated

is that the Village

Government initiates

and explores

cooperation with third

parties who can

provide tourism

management training,

entrepreneurship

training/soft skills

entrepreneurship and

involve event

organizers in managing

and increasing the

potential of artistic and

cultural attractions in

the villages. tourist

location village.

Herly Methelda Oematan, Maria Elerina Douk Tunti, Siprianus G. Tefa

Tourism Development Strategy Based On Local Wisdom In Improving The Welfare Of

Local Communities 10

2. Budget support from the

TTS Regency

Government and the

local Village

Government will

facilitate and expedite

the economic activities

of the community

around the tourist sites

so that the strategy that

can be formulated is the

preparation of a budget

using a budget

participation model both

at the APBD II and

APBDes levels so that

the budget needs of the

community around the

location Tourism can be

accommodated by the

TTS Regency

Government and the

Village Government.

Treath (T)

1. Tourist locations

that are prone to

natural disasters

such as fires and

landslides

2. Visitors' indiscipline

in preserving the

nature of tourism,

such as throwing

garbage carelessly

3. Land ownership

disputes between

residents of tourist

sites

4. The act of

intentionally

destroying tourist

sites by local

residents

ST Strategy

Visitors are undisciplined

in preserving the existing

tourism nature even though

the existing tourist areas

are areas protected by the

government, both by the

local village government

and the TTS district

government so that the

strategy that can be

formulated is making

regulations by the village

government through the

tourism village regulation

and the TTS district

government through local

regulations and

socialization and

supervision of the

implementation of these

regulations to all tourism

stakeholders including

tourist visitors.

WT Strategy

There is no

sponsorship from a

third party for existing

tourist sites and there

are no artistic and

cultural attractions that

are synchronized with

the tourism agenda so

that the strategy that

can be formulated is

that the Village

Government and TTS

Regency Government

work together to

explore opportunities

for collaboration with

other

parties/institutions that

are mutually beneficial

to each other. . In

addition, both the

Village Government

and the TTS Regency

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Government through

the Tourism Office can

synchronize

government agendas

with the agendas of

artistic and cultural

attractions at the tourist

sites of each village.

Source: Primer, processed by researchers, 2021.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results of the SWOT analysis in this study, it can be concluded several

things as follows:

1) From table 6.1 it can be explained that the highest strength value is in the items of

pleasant tourist natural scenery and clean air quality with a score of 1.19 and a

weight of 7.18 while the biggest weakness is in tourism promotion media items

which are still lacking with score -1.39 and weight -6.53. This shows that the

beautiful nature and fresh air in the Mollo and Fatumnasi sub-districts are their

own strengths or differentiating factors from other tourist sites in attracting

tourists, although for now these locations have not been promoted regularly by

the government or other stakeholders.

2) From Table 6.2 above, it can be explained that the highest opportunity value is in

the momentum for the promotion of local community agricultural products with a

score of 0.39 and a weight of 2.79. Meanwhile, the biggest threat is the visitor's

indiscipline item in preserving the nature of tourism, such as littering with a score

of -0.80 and a weight of -2.48. This means that when tourist visitors visit tourist

locations in the Mollo and Fatumnasi sub-districts, the opportunity is used by the

community around tourist sites to promote agricultural products, home industry

products and even these products are also sold to visitors. tour. On the other hand,

the presence of tourist visitors also creates its own problems for tourist sites

where many visitors are not disciplined in disposing of waste in existing tourist

sites.

3) Judging from the results of the IFAS table analysis above, it shows that the

strength factor obtained a total score of 6.20 and the weakness factor obtained a

total score of -6.15 with a difference in score of (+) 0.05. This means that the

strength factor is greater than the weakness factor. While the EFAS table shows

that the opportunity factor gets a score of 2.51 and the threat factor gets a total

score of -.2.13 with a difference in score of (+) 0.38. This means that tourism-

related opportunities in the Mollo and Fatumnasi sub-districts can be maximized

to reduce existing threats.

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