How to cite:

Anthon S.Y. Kerihi, Yohanes Demu, Herly Mathelda Oematan

(2021). The Effectiveness of Internal Control and the

Implementation of Governance and Its Impact on the

Performance of Regional Head. Journal Eduvest. 1(12): 1564-

1572

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Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

Volume 1 Number 12, December 2021

p- ISSN 2775-3735 e-ISSN 2775-3727

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNAL CONTROL AND THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF GOVERNANCE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE

PERFORMANCE OF REGIONAL HEAD

Anthon S.Y. Kerihi, Yohanes Demu, Herly Mathelda Oematan

Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected]

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Received:

November, 26

2021

Revised:

December, 17

2021

Approved:

December, 19

2021

Accurate regional financial management, transparency,

and accountability are urgent needs in the framework of

the implementation of clean and responsible local

government in order to achieve good governance. Internal

control is designed to provide adequate confidence about

the achievement of three dimensions: effective and

efficient, accountability reports and compliance with

applicable provisions. This research aims to know and

analyze: 1) the effect of the effectiveness of internal

control on the performance of regional heads, 2) the

influence of governance implementation on the

performance of regional heads and 3) the effect of the

effectiveness of internal control and the simultaneous

implementation of governance on the performance of

regional heads. This type of research is quantitative

research. The sampling technique in this study is purposive

sampling using a sample of 15 SKPD in Kupang Regency.

OPD and each OPD selected 3 respondents (head of OPD,

Finance section and Banwas) so that 45 respondents were

obtained. The data collection techniques in this study used

Anthon S.Y. Kerihi, Yohanes Demu, Herly Mathelda Oematan

The Effectiveness of Internal Control and the Implementation of Governance and Its

Impact on the Performance of Regional Head 1565

questionnaires. The data analysis technique in this study

used multiple linear regression analysis. The data sources

used are primary data and secondary data. The results of

this study show that 1) the effectiveness of internal

control affects the performance of regional heads in the

Kupang Regency Government, 2) The implementation of

government governance affects the performance of

regional heads in the Kupang Regency Government, and

3) The effectiveness of internal control and the

implementation of government governance affect

simultaneously on the performance of the kupang regency

government.

KEYWORDS

Effectivity, Internal Control, Governance, Regional Heads’

Performance

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

INTRODUCTION

Law No. 32 of 2004 on local government (revision of Law no. 22 of 1999),

provides the widest opportunity to the region along with the granting of rights and

obligations to maintain regional autonomy to regulate and take care of government affairs

according to the principle of autonomy and assistance duties. The role of local

government is not only as a "partner" of the central government, but in some ways has

become a major actor in digging up sources of income for the region itself.

One of the goals of autonomous region is to accelerate the realization of

community welfare through the implementation of effective and efficient government.

(Suparman & Relina, 2017). This autonomy goal can only be achieved if each regional

official is able to control the activities of the government and its subordinates to work

effectively and efficiently in the implementation of government programs. To achieve

these things above the head of the region must conduct internal control and good

governance (Seran, 2021). This internal control is designed to provide adequate

assuredness about achieving three-dimensional objectives, namely effective and efficient,

accountability reports and compliance with applicable provisions (Agoes, 2012)

Systematic and interdisciplinary approach to evaluating and improving the

effectiveness of risk management, control and governance processes of good

organizations (Dahlan, 2015). Good governance is the most prominent issue in the

management of public administrations today. Vociferous demands are made by the

community to the government, especially in local governments, namely the necessity to

apply the principles of good governance and in line with the increasing level of public

knowledge, in addition to the influence of globalization. The establishment of good

governance is broadly reflected by the existence of transparency, participation,

accounting.

From the results of bpk evaluation in 2018 on the effectiveness of internal control

systems in 23 regions of NTT Regional Government, that internal control is sufficient to

meet, This is shown from the results of the financial performance audit in 2019 on

internal control audits and compliance audits to laws and regulations there are only 4

Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

Volume 1 Number 12, December 2021

1566 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id

regions that get a fair opinion without exception (WTP) and the rest of the regional

governments still get a fair opinion with exceptions (WDP).

This condition is caused by not doing well in the implementation of internal

control properly, as well as the reporting accounting system due to inadequate physical

control over assets, cash management weaknesses, and recording of transactions that have

not been completed and on time and problems with budget use discipline. One example of

irregularities is the presentation of fixed assets worth Rp. 927.98 billion as of December

31, 2017 which is doubtful reasonable. This is because the value of fixed assets is not

capitalized with the costs that have been incurred, the value of fixed assets presented on

the balance sheet is different from the documents and the presentation of fixed assets has

not been based on the results of investigations or physical calculations so that there is a

difference between the amount on the balance sheet and the physical amount in the field.

This resulted in internal control has not worked well for the effectiveness and efficiency

of government administration (Gökgöz, 2019).

The issues that can be formulated in this study are as follows: 1) What is the

effect of the effectiveness of internal control on the performance of regional heads, 2)

What is the effect of the implementation of governance on the performance of regional

heads, and 3) Whether the effect of the effectiveness of internal control and the

simultaneous implementation of governance on the performance of regional heads.

RESEARCH METHOD

This research is quantitative research with a survey approach. This research was

conducted at the Kupang District Government. The sampling technique in this study is

purposive sampling using a sample of 15 SKPD in Kupang.OPD Regency and each OPD

was selected by 5 respondents (head of OPD, Finance and Banwas) so that 45

respondents were obtained. The data collection techniques in this study used

questionnaires. The data analysis technique in this study used multiple linear regression

analysis. The data sources used are primary data and skunder data.

The data anaisis technique in this study is multiple linear analysis. The stages of

data analysis in this study are descriptive statistics, data quality tests consisting of validity

tests and reliability tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis tests

consisting of t (partial) tests, F tests (simultaneous) and determination coefficient (R2)

tests. The double linaer equation used in the study is according to (Sugiyono, 2019)

namely:

Y = a + b

+ b

+ e

Information

Y : Performance Of Regional Head

A : Constant, intersecting lines on the X Axis

: Variable regression coefficient X

X1 : Effectiveness of Internal Control

X2 : Governance

E : error standard / residual

Anthon S.Y. Kerihi, Yohanes Demu, Herly Mathelda Oematan

The Effectiveness of Internal Control and the Implementation of Governance and Its

Impact on the Performance of Regional Head 1567

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The questionnaire distributed by the researchers was entirely returned, a 100%

rate of return, bringing the total number of final respondents to 45. The data quality test

results stated that the questionnaire disseminated by the researchers was valid and reliable

because the test results of all variables showed rhitung values> rtabel and cronbach alpha

values> 0.6.

Based on descriptive statistics from 45 respondents, the internal control

effectiveness variable (X1) had a value of 18 for the lowest amount of data, 30 for the

highest amount of data with an average total answer of 25.58 and a standard deviation of

2,989. The governance variable (X2) has a value of 13 for the lowest amount of data, 29

for the highest amount of data with an average total answer of 21.62 and a standard

deviation of 4,271. The regional head performance variable (Y) has a value of 12 for the

lowest amount of data, 28 for the highest amount of data with an average total answer of

21.53 and a standard deviation of 3,935. The results of descriptive statistics are presented

in table 2 below:

Table 2 Statistic Descriptive Results

Source: Primary data processed by SPSS 25, 2021

The validity test used in this study, was conducted to see the level of significance

of the correlation of the score of each question item to the total score for each variable. If

the correlation between each item to the total score is significant then the data is declared

valid. This test uses a significance level of 5% or 0.05 and the number of samples used in

this study as much as (n) = 45, then the known value of rtabel is 0.294.

Based on the results of the validity test, it shows that a statement is said to be

valid if the value r calculates > 0.294 (r table). It is known that the entire value of r

calculates > 0.294 (r table). It was concluded that all statements were valid.

Reliability tests are conducted to see if a person's answers are consistent over

time regarding the questions asked. This test is done by calculating the Cronbach Alpha

coefficient (α) of each instrument in one variable. A variable is said to be reliable if it

gives cronbach's alpha value above 0.6 (Devia, Aisjah, & Puspaningrum, 2018)

Based on the results of reliability tests, it shows that the results of indicator

reliability tests from variables of budget participation, information asymmetry,

organizational commitment and budgetary slack obtained Cronbach alpha> 0.6 which

means all indicators are declared reliable.

Multiple linear regression analysis is used to predict how dependent variables are,

when two or more independent variables as predictor factors are manipulated. So double

regression analysis is done when the number of independent variables is at least 2 (prof.

Dr. Sugiyono, 2017). The results of multiple linear regression analysis can be seen in

Table 3:

Table 3. Results of Linear Regression Multiple Coefficients Test (a) Summary

Model

Coefficients

Descriptive Statistics

Minimum

Maximum

Mean

Std. Dev

Internal Control Effectivity

(X1)

25.58

2.989

Governance (X2)

21.62

4.271

Performance of Regional Head

(Y)

21.53

3.935

Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

Volume 1 Number 12, December 2021

1568 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id

Model

Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

Sig.

Std. Error

Beta

(Constant)

9.184

4.848

1.894

.065

Internal Control

Effectivity (X1)

.261

.146

..611

5..909

.369

Governance (X2)

.667

.100

.724

6.674

.000

a. Dependent Variable: Performance of Regional Head (Y)

Source: Primary Data, processed by SPSS 25, 2021

From the results of the double linear regression analysis test, the regression

equation model is:

Y = α + β

+ β

+ e

Y = 9,184 - 0,261 X

+ 0,667 X

+ 4,848

Based on the regression model formed, the results can be interpreted as follows,

The constant value (α) = 9,184 indicates a constant value where if the value of

independent variables the effectiveness of internal control, governance is considered

constant then the average performance of the regional head of Kupang Regency district

government increased by 9,184.

The linear regression coefficient value of the internal control effectiveness

variable is 0.261. This means that if other independent variables are fixed in value and the

effectiveness of internal control increases by 1% the performance of regional heads will

increase by 0.261. Negative coefficient means that there is a relationship between the

effectiveness of internal control and the performance of regional heads. The better the

internal control, the better the performance of the regional head.

The value of the linear regression coefficient of the governance variable is 0.667.

This shows that if government governance rises by one unit with a record of other

independent variables considered constant it will increase the performance of regional

heads by 0.667.

The partial hipótesis test shows how far the influence of individually free

variables has on bound variables. Based on partial test results the internal control

effectiveness variable (X1) has a signification rate of 0.369 > 0.05 and a calculated t

value of the internal control effectiveness variable (X1) 0.909 < t table 2.020. This means

that the effectiveness of internal resusing (X1) affects the performance of the regional

head (Y), thus the hypothesis (H1) is accepted.

The government governance variable (X2) has a signification rate of 0.000 < 0.05

and a calculated value of the government governance variable (X2) of 6,674 > t table

2,020. This means that government governance (X2) affects the performance of regional

heads (Y), thus the hypothesis (H2) is accepted.

The results of simultaneous hypothesis testing showed that the Fhitung value of

18.897 with the value of Ftabel is 2.81 so that the value of Fhitung > Ftabel or 18,897 >

2.81 and the significance level of 0.000 < 0.05, it can be concluded that the variable

effectiveness of inter control (X1), government governance (X2) jointly or

simultaneously affects the performance of regional heads (Y).

Regression analysis results show that the Adjusted R Square value is 0.550 or

55%. This value shows that the influence exerted by the variables of internal control

effectiveness (X1), government governance (X2) on the performance of regional heads

(Y) is 55% while the remaining 45% is influenced by other variables such as clarity of

budget goals, locus of control, culture, budgetary control, which have not been studied in

this study.

Anthon S.Y. Kerihi, Yohanes Demu, Herly Mathelda Oematan

The Effectiveness of Internal Control and the Implementation of Governance and Its

Impact on the Performance of Regional Head 1569

Discussion

Effect of Internal Control Effectiveness on Regional Head Performance

Hsil research shows that the variable effectiveness of control has a significant

influence on the performance of regional heads in Kupang Regency. It is that the

effectiveness of internal control needs to be continuously implemented by employees to

improve the performance of their regional heads. The results of the first hypothesis (H1)

test showed that the effectiveness of internal control (X1) had an effect on the

performance of regional heads. The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of

internal control in the performance of regional heads was able to trigger subordinates to

create regional head performance. Increasing the effectiveness of internal control in OPD

in Kupang Regency Government is to improve the reliability of information generated by

information systems. Proven opd financial information is good enough, it's just that it

needs to increase human resources and good technology so that financial and non-

financial information can be understood, relevant, reliable and comparable. In addition,

the effectiveness of existing internal control is able to overcome things that cause fraud

(fraud).

The results of this study are reinforced by opinions (Bastian, 2019) that state that

internal control plays an important role in improving the performance of regional heads

such as in budgeting must pay attention to the vision and mission of regional heads and

decide together with the budget committee. Also in every activity must pay attention to a

good control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and

communication, and petrification. The results of this study are in line with the results of

research conducted by (Nadiyah, 2019) with the title of inter control influence research,

anti-fraud awareness, integrity and professionalism towards fraud prevention. In line with

Anthon S.Y.'s research. (Olla, Gana, & Kerihi, 2020) with research on the government's

internal control system, accounting policy towards the reliability of the financial

statements of the Kupang City government.

The Effect of Governance on the Performance of Regional Heads

The results of the second hypothesis test (H2) showed that the implementation of

governance (X2) had an effect on the performance of regional heads (Y). Thus, the

hypothesis of implementing government governance has an effect on the performance of

regional heads. In this case, the higher the good governance, the leadership has

information that can be utilized for decision-making related to internal control and the

implementation of governance, namely good integrity is needed for individuals who can

clearly be identified by the public, public credibility requires services and service

systems, professionalism is needed individuals can clearly be identified by the public as

Professionals in their fields, the quality of services with high performance standards and

public trust must be able to feel confident that there is an ethical framework of

professionalism that underlies the provision of services. So, it can be said that the

existence of good governance has an impact on the performance of regional heads in the

Kupang Regency Government.

The results of this study are reinforced by Dunk's opinion in (Putranto, 2012)

which states good government governance, namely as a situation that occurs if the

governance applied becomes its responsibility better so that the working mechanism will

be better and there is supervision from the leadership and the community. The results of

this study are in line with research conducted by (MELASARI & NISA, 2020) and

(Meirina & Afdaluddin, 2018).

Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies

Volume 1 Number 12, December 2021

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The effectiveness of Internal Control and the Implementation of Governance have a

simultaneous effect on the Performance of Regional Heads

The results of the third hypothesis (H3) test showed that the effectiveness of

internal control, the governance of the government simultaneously affects the

performance of regional heads. Thus, the hypothesis of the effectiveness of inter control

and governance simultaneously affects the performance of accepted regional heads. In

this case the effectiveness of internal control and governance together can affect the

performance of regional heads. The results stated that the effectiveness of internal control

is strongly influenced by organizational culture so that the implementation of governance

in the Kupang Provincial Government OPD has implemented internal control and the

implementation of governance reflected in organizational cultural components such as

inovation, risk taking, attention to detail, outcome orientation, people orientation and

others. The profession and competence and experience of employees by as a society are

seen as one eye maybe even as OPD in kupang regency, so the role of employees is still

considered small, so this is not the main concern. The results of this study also stated that

governance is also a trigger for the performance of regional heads. Goals in an

organization will be achieved when each individual has a high organizational

commitment. Conversely, individuals with low organizational commitment will tend to

have low attention to organizational achievement and tend to strive to meet personal

interests. Individuals who have a high organizational commitment will use the

information they have to carry out governance. The existence of internal control and good

governance and commitment will be able to avoid the gaps that occur in improving the

performance of regional heads (Nouri and Parker) in (Rahmiati, 2013).

Based on the results of this research, it is expected that the Kupang Regency

government in the process of preparing and carrying out activities should implement

internal control and good governance, so that it will be able to improve the performance

of regional heads.

CONCLUSION

Based on the above discussion, it can be concluded that: The effectiveness of

internal control, affecting the performance of the regional head of the Kupang Regency

Regional Government Increases the effectiveness of internal control in OPD in the

Kupang Regency Regional Government is to improve the reliability of information

generated by the information system. Proven opd financial information is good enough,

it's just that it needs to increase human resources and good technology so that financial

and non-financial information can be understood, relevant, reliable and comparable. In

addition, the effectiveness of existing internal control is able to overcome things that

cause fraud (fraud). The application of the government system affects the kienrja regional

head of kupang regency. The higher good governance, the leadership has information that

can be utilized for decision-making related to internal control and the implementation of

governance, namely good integrity is needed for individuals who can clearly be identified

by the public, public credibility requires services and service systems, professionalism is

needed individuals can clearly be identified by the public as professionals in the public.

In the field, the quality of services with high performance standards and public trust must

be able to feel confident that there is an ethical framework of professionalism that

underlies the provision of services. So, it can be said that the existence of good

governance has an impact on the performance of regional heads in the Kupang Regency

Government. The effectiveness of inter control, and governance together affect the

performance of regional heads in the Kupang Regency Government. The effectiveness of

internal control is strongly influenced by organizational culture so that the

Anthon S.Y. Kerihi, Yohanes Demu, Herly Mathelda Oematan

The Effectiveness of Internal Control and the Implementation of Governance and Its

Impact on the Performance of Regional Head 1571

implementation of governance in the Kupang Provincial Government OPD has

implemented internal control and the implementation of governance reflected in the

cultural component of the organization. The profession and competence and experience

of employees must be improved and the implementation of governance is also a trigger

for the performance of good regional heads.

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