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RELATIONSHIP ON EDUCATION LEVEL AND ENVIRONMENTAL

ATTITUDE WITH TOURIST BEHAVIOR IN KEBUN TEH

KABAWETAN

Herlina Fridayati

SMA Negeri 4 Kepahiang Bengkulu

E-mail: [email protected]

Received: March

, 2021

Revised: April 7

2021

Approved: April

, 2021

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship

between the level of education and the attitude of concern for the

environment with the behavior of tourists in maintaining

environmental cleanliness in the area of the Kabawetan Tea

Plantation tourism object, Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu

Province. Research that has been carried out using a

quantitative approach, with descriptive methods. Based on data

on average annual visits, the total population visited was 138

people. The sample of this research is random visitors who meet

researchers who are willing to fill out a complete questionnaire.

Behavior that can be observed as many as 53 people. Based on

the results of the study, it shows that the relationship between

knowledge about environmental protection and the behavior of

maintaining environmental hygiene is very close, with a product

torque correlation value of 0.787. This proves that the proposed

hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, the authors draw the

following conclusions: 1) There is a positive relationship

between the level of education in maintaining environmental

hygiene and behavior; 2) There is a positive relationship

between environmental care and environmental protection

behavior. environmental Hygiene; There is a positive correlation

between attentiveness and hygiene behavior.

Keywords: Knowledge; Attitude, Tourist Behavior,

Environmental Preservation

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

INTRODUCTION

The success of the development is not only determined by the discipline and

enthusiasm of state administrators, but also by the participation of the Indonesian people.

Each region seeks to explore the potential of natural resources, human resource potential,

including the cultural potential to be used as a source of income for development, one of

which is from the tourism sector (Bahrudin, 2017)

As an area that has a lot of tourism potential, the Kepahiang Regency

Government of Bengkulu Province should pay great attention to developing the tourism

sector as a mainstay sector. (Phillia, 2017) The advancement of the tourism industry,

according to the Director of the Tourism Bureau, will have an impact on expanding

employment, increasing community income, and Introducing the beauty of nature and

culture to add insight and foster love for the country. (Tradena, 2017) Implementing

tourism policy in general, the goals and objectives are to increase foreign exchange

income and economic development that provides more job opportunities, as well as the

unity and integrity of national identity. (Rosita, 2016) The phenomenon of education

turns out to be influential, such as the tourism

Herlina Fridayati

Relationship on education level and environmental attitude with tourist

behavior in Kebun Teh Kabawetan 159

industry established by the Australian Department of Tourism, which defines tourism as

nature-based tourism, including education and interpretation of the natural environment

and culture of the community through ecological sustainability management. (Utama,

2017)

The tourism industry with its cultural uniqueness, unique souvenirs, and beautiful

panoramas can give a good impression to every tourist, thus creating a love for nature, a

love for culture, and a love for the Indonesian homeland. (Dhona & Kom, 2018)

Indonesia is a country that has the potential for enormous natural wealth. (Qomar, 2012)

This potential must be maintained to ensure sustainable development. Efforts to maintain

its sustainability are transforming an environment rich in biodiversity and natural

potential into a protected area. One of them is a nature reserve that is managed through a

zoning system for research, science, education, culture, tourism, and recreation support,

and one of them is a natural tea plantation in Kabbah Wieden District, Kepahiang

Regency, Bengkulu Province. A tourist attraction managed by a tourism bureau must

develop this area, and there is a lot of interest from the community.

Tourism activities in Kepahiang Regency need to be developed, especially in the

development of natural tourism, including:

1. Natural tea garden tourism area located in Kabawetan Regency where nature

tourism is one of the tourist areas that support farming activities in this area.

2. The tourist area of Mount Kaba is a tourist area with an altitude of 1937 Lm

3. Geothermal resources (geothermal), beautiful natural scenery, surrounded by

agricultural areas, and high mountain hot springs.

The management of the tourist areas that have been pursued are as follows:

a) Developing a tourism marketing and promotion zone in Kepahiang Regency to

expand the tourism market share.

b) The tourism industry is produced as a tourism industry (to promote investors'

investment efforts in the tourism industry).

c) Expanding the market share of tourism in the form of exhibitions, tourism

activities (performing arts, tourism competitions), exhibition activities, providing

promotional facilities, and tourism activities (performing arts, tourism

competitions) to expand the tourism market share to attract tourists.

d) Develop infrastructure to support tourism development in Kepahiang Regency.

Kabawetan Tea Plantation has the potential in the form of extensive forest

ecosystems, high biodiversity, potential water catchment areas, and ecotourism with

beautiful natural panoramas. The management department is expected to be able to

properly protect, utilize and protect biological resources and their ecosystems, to improve

the welfare of the community. Manage and develop natural potential as a natural tourism

area.

Problems of cleanliness, pollution, and environmental damage in the area of

Natural Tourism Objects if not addressed will cause negative impacts from an ecological,

economic and social perspective around the area (Manik, 2018) With a large amount of

garbage around the area can cause the natural potential of damaged tea plantations. The

beauty of nature tourism is clean and natural so tourists will be lazy to visit again. This

can disrupt the businesses of local communities that rely on tourism which can lead to

social conflicts. This environmental damage must be taken seriously to ensure

environmental protection and development (Ruslan Renggong, 2018)

To overcome this problem, it is necessary to investigate the causes of pollution

and environmental damage in the natural tourism area of tea plantations. Solving

environmental problems cannot rely solely on technical efforts but must be supported by

education and

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persuasiveness. The function of education is to provide education, demography, and

formal and informal environments (Ilma, 2015) Environmental education is carried out

formally in schools, and informally outside schools.

Efforts to understand human behavior towards the environment are important

research as a form of environmental protection. One of them is to study the factors that

influence tourist behavior in maintaining a clean environment. (Prasetyo, 2016) In

connection with the problem of pollution in the area of natural tea plantation attractions,

many tourists enter the area not according to the correct rules or procedures. It is not

uncommon for tourists to ignore conservation principles. This is due to the low

knowledge and attitudes of tourists about how to behave properly and in harmony when

they are in the conservation area.

Other factors that influence behavior include goals, motivation, age, education

level, economic level, and their different and unequal personalities. Another influential

aspect is the management of nature tourism that does not pay attention to the carrying

capacity of the environment. Waste management and incomplete cleaning facilities can

also be a trigger.

Natural tourism areas must maintain environmental sustainability and cleanliness

to attract tourists. This question proves the importance of this research. Therefore, this

study aims to determine the relationship between the level of education and attention to

the environment of the Natural Tourism Area of the Tea Garden, the Natural Tourism

Area of the Tea Plantation in Bangkululu Regency with the views of tourists on the

behavior of maintaining environmental hygiene.

Previously there were previous studies that were relevant to this research. One of

them is a research conducted by (Darmawan & Fadjarajani, 2016) with the title The

Relationship between Knowledge and Attitudes of Environmental Conservation and

Tourist Behavior in Maintaining Environmental Cleanliness. This study aims to

determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of environmental

conservation with tourist behavior in maintaining environmental cleanliness in the tourist

attraction area. Based on the results of this study, it shows that the relationship between

knowledge about environmental conservation and behavior in maintaining environmental

cleanliness is in a very close category with the Spearman rank correlation value of

98.4%. Meanwhile, the relationship between environmental preservation attitudes and

behavior in environmental preservation has a determination value of 9.1%. While

simultaneously the relationship between knowledge and attitudes about environmental

conservation and behavior in maintaining environmental health is with the W Kendall

test value, namely the chi-square of 102.151.

The difference between this study and previous research is the level of education

and the level of knowledge. This study uses the level of education as a variable while

previous studies used the level of knowledge.

RESEARCH METHODS

The research was conducted using quantitative methods, with a descriptive

correlation analysis method. This research is a correlational study, which is research that

functions to determine the size of the relationship (r) that exists between variables. Based

on data on average annual visits, residents visit 138 people each week. Not all tourist

populations can be the object of research, so the sampling technique must be used. 53

samples were taken from tourists who visited within a week through the random sampling

technique. Based on the recognition of tourists, they enter the area more than once a

month

Herlina Fridayati

Relationship on education level and environmental attitude with tourist

behavior in Kebun Teh Kabawetan 161

(especially during holidays). This forms the basis for determining the sample size. The

results of the calculation of the number of tourists observed were 53 people. The sample

of this research is tourists who randomly meet researchers who are willing to fill out a

complete questionnaire and can observe their behavior.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Education Level

The definition of education according to the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI)

is a tiered arrangement such as a pedestal on a house, a pedestal on a ladder (level).

High and low dignity (location, civilization progress, level, degree, etc.) Level 1 is the

level, location, or setting level. The level of a position is very important, indicating that

there is a difference in the level of that position. In other words, the level is a separator

between high and low levels.

B. Definition of Education

The definition of education is the process by which a country prepares life for

the younger generation and effectively achieves life goals. Education is not just

teaching, because education is a process by which a country or country builds or

develops self-awareness in individuals through this process, a nation or state can pass on

cultural wealth or thoughts to the next generation so that it becomes an inspiration for

them in every aspect of life.

Various definitions of education are put forward by experts, among others

according to Zahara Idris in (Ibrahim, 2015) who said that education is a series of

communication activities aimed at face-to-face communication between adults and

students or through the use of media to help the development of children as a whole.

The position of an attitude can be determined by evaluating attitude objects that

are expressed in the process of cognition, emotion, and behavior. Broadly speaking,

attitudes include cognitive, behavioral, and emotional components. Like or dislike an

object. In this case, a person is willing to reject or accept an object based on an

evaluation of that object, regardless of whether the object is meaningful to him or not.

This is why attitude is related to knowing and feeling about things.

Someone is very closely related to the attitude and character of each person. In

general, attitude is usually interpreted as someone's action in response to something.

Attitudes determine a person's behavior concerning human stimuli or certain

events. Attitude is a condition that allows an action or behavior to occur. A person's

attitude towards an object is a manifestation of the attitude component which includes

three components, namely cognition, emotions, and habits. These three components

influence each other to understand, feel and treat the object of attitude.

In social interaction, individuals will react to form certain patterns of attitudes

towards the various psychological objects they face. Several factors influence the

formation of attitudes, namely: personal experiences, culture, other people who are

considered important, mass media, educational institutions or institutions of belief, and

personal emotional factors.

C. Concern for the Environment

The environment can be interpreted as an object. The environment includes two

things, namely the physiological system (social system of salinity (social component)

and ecological system (biological and non-biological components) that occupy and

influence

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the existence of biological space including human life and other organisms. non-

biological (non-biological) The living environment (biology) is all living things around

plants, animals, and humans Non-living environment is all inanimate objects and

physical conditions that exist around individuals, such as rocks, minerals, water, air;

climate, weather, temperature, humidity, wind, gravity, and other elements. As a system,

the environment must be maintained so that the system can operate normally and bring

benefits to all members of the ecosystem. caliph and play an important role in creating

and maintaining the environment and the order of this environmental system. Therefore,

humans are required to develop good behavior towards the environment. Various

environmental damages that are currently occurring are caused by human behavior that

is wrong in responding to and managing the environment and its resources.

Humans as development subjects do not have the correct environmental ethics,

so they transcend nature. Because the natural resources of the environment are exploited

on a large scale for the benefit of mankind, this has resulted in a decrease in the carrying

capacity of the environment. Apart from these impacts, various types of pollution such

as garbage and waste are also produced which further damage the environment.

Indonesia's environmental protection work is only possible with the support of

all its citizens. Ignorance of the environment will result in environmental

unconsciousness, which means that environmental knowledge will affect environmental

awareness. This is related to environmental facts that occur today which are caused by

people's ignorance of the environment. Ignorance of the environment will lead to

ignorance Environmental awareness, which can also be explained as environmental

ignorance, is one of the factors affecting environmental awareness.

By changing the mental attitude of humans as environmental destroyers into

people who are environmentally aware, environmental problems in Indonesia can be

resolved. An environmentally conscious person is a person who understands and

implements attitudes and behaviors that care for the environment and applies ecological

principles and environmental ethics. At first, humans treated and worshiped nature

excessively, then humans began to use and rely on nature. Humans feel they own nature

so that nature will run out and devour nature and its environment; humans feel

abandoned by nature and therefore need it; humans realize that they must protect and

approach nature, which is the environment that determines its survival as living things.

Based on the development of these attitudes, environmental protection attitudes

are a form of evaluation of potential feelings and tendencies, to maintain, protect,

manage, and use natural resources to protect them from changes or negative effects

caused by activities. pressure. To continue to sustain the lives of humans and other

creatures, to fill humans from generation to generation. The natural resources in

question are living, non-living and man-made resources. This attitude will enable us to

act wisely towards the environment.

D. Tourist Behavior in Maintaining Environmental Cleanliness

Human behavior is the result of various experiences and interactions between

humans and their environment, these interactions are manifested in the form of

knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. In other words, behavior is an individual's response

to external or internal stimuli.

Human behavior does not occur automatically, because behavior occurs due to

stimuli received by humans from outside of the body. Generally, behavior occurs due to

a combination of stimuli from within and outside the body. Receptors are used to detect

stimuli and require nerves to coordinate responses, whereas effectors need to perform

Herlina Fridayati

Relationship on education level and environmental attitude with tourist

behavior in Kebun Teh Kabawetan 163

functions. The behavior that appears is a process of interaction between personality and

the environment that contains stimuli. The stimulus then responds in the form of a

response. This response is called behavior. This behavior is visible (response operation)

and invisible (don't operate). Visible behavior is behavior that can be observed by

others. At the same time, other people cannot directly observe intangible behavior, such

as thinking and feeling. According to Azwar (Siregar, 2018) among the many behavioral

characteristics, for example, the only interesting behavior is the nature of its

differentiation. This means that one stimulus can cause more than one different response

and several different stimuli can cause the same response.

Environmental cleanliness is a state free from dirt, dust, and odors. Maintenance

refers to the act of maintaining, protecting, maintaining, preserving, and avoiding harm.

Likewise, the term "cleanliness" comes from the term "clean condition" which means it

is not dirty, unclean, and unclean

Clean living behavior is a series of various forms of behavior carried out by the

community towards the environment, including irresponsible behavior, such as

environmental pollution behavior, to responsible behavior (such as caring for and

cleaning the environment). Environmental cleanliness refers to the cleanliness of

residential environments, workplaces, and various public facilities, one of which is

natural tourist attractions. Nature tourism or better known as ecotourism is a form of

tourism that is managed through conservation.

Ecotourism is a form of tourism that is responsible for protecting natural areas,

providing economic benefits, and maintaining the integrity of the local community's

culture. Therefore, maintaining the cleanliness of the environment in natural tourism

areas (ecotourism) is something that must be done by every visitor.

Tourism is a temporary shift of residence carried out by people outside their

residence for a reason, rather than carrying out activities that do not generate wages.

(Simanjuntak, Tanjung, & Nasution, 2017) The behavior of tourists that damage natural

tourism areas are cleanliness, destruction, and pollution. Environmental Destruction is a

destructive human activity. Environmental destruction is very common and is the

activity of scribbling the walls to show that they have arrived at this place. Other forms

of destruction include cutting down trees, picking flowers, picking flowers, and picking

plants. Move and dispose of sanitation facilities and other activities that affect

environmental sustainability. Pollution is the main enemy of tourism. The pollution of

the most obvious is waste in the form of organic and inorganic waste. Generally, the

trash found in tourist attractions is food wrapping paper, food scraps, cigarette packs,

paper, plastic, leaves, and skins.

Pollution of tourist attractions is mainly caused by the behavior of tourists who

do not keep the environment clean. They sit and eat, take a walk and admire the view, or

throw trash everywhere in the car. Tourism and landfill regulations are ignored. As a

result, garbage is scattered on the streets and tourist gathering places. Usually, on

Sundays or holidays, pollution will be very visible in places that are frequented by

people. Apart from garbage, other pollution which is dangerous for the development of

sustainable nature tourism spots is liquid waste from the bathroom or directly into the

water. Especially if the objects and natural tourist attractions are in the form of rivers,

waterfalls, cold springs, or hot springs. Water pollution is easy, and many tourists do

activities in water bodies. The result of this pollution is very dangerous for the health of

tourists, residents, and the environment, animals, and plants. Other pollution comes in

the form of smoke and vehicle noises or screaming tourists. This will also have an

impact on the behavior of the tourists themselves and the wildlife around the tourist

area. The arrival of

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tourists in natural tourism areas has caused many negative impacts on these tourist areas

and damage to various facilities. The relationship between knowledge about

environmental protection and the act of maintaining a clean environment.

Table 1. Level of formal education

Education level

Percentage

Low

23 %

Intermediate

30 %

High

47 %

Jumlah

100 %

(source: processed data, 2020)

Tabel 2. Perilaku dalam Menjaga Lingkungan

Very Caring 47%

Percentage

Caring 30%

47%

Don't care 15%

30%

Don't Care 0.7%

15%

Very Caring 47%

0,7%

Total

100 %

(source: processed data, 2020)

The results of the first hypothesis test indicate that there is a relationship

between the level of education and the behavior of maintaining environmental hygiene.

Changes or changes related to environmental problems with various levels of education.

Paying attention to the impact between the education level variables paying attention to

the environment with the behavior of maintaining environmental cleanliness

The concept of environmental health is a science and art that aims to achieve a

balance between the environment and humans, to achieve clean, healthy, comfortable,

and safe conditions, and avoid various diseases.

According to Law Number 32 the Year 2009, what is meant by the environment

is the spatial unity of all objects, state power, living things including humans, and

actions that affect the natural environment itself, survival, and welfare to be human and

human.

If you look at the results of the research conducted, it is clear that a high

understanding of environmental protection will tend to influence the behavior of

maintaining environmental hygiene. Therefore, it is natural that there is a positive and

important relationship between knowledge of environmental protection and the behavior

of maintaining environmental hygiene. Therefore, it can be said that the higher the

knowledge about environmental protection, the higher the behavior of maintaining

environmental cleanliness.

E. The Relationship Between Attitudes of Concern for the Environment and

Behavior in Environmental Conservation

Based on the results of the second hypothesis test, there is a positive and

significant relationship between the environmental care attitude variable and the

behavior of maintaining environmental cleanliness. It can be said that the dependent

variable has changed or changed, and the behavior of maintaining a clean environment

is indeed influenced by changes in environmental care attitudes, and environmental

protection behavior is also influenced by other factors besides attitudes.

Herlina Fridayati

Relationship on education level and environmental attitude with tourist

behavior in Kebun Teh Kabawetan 165

By looking at the results of the research that has been completed, it is clear that

the higher the attitude of protecting the environment, the higher the behavior of

maintaining environmental cleanliness.

F. The relationship between the level of education and concern for the environment

with behavior in environmental preservation

Based on the third hypothesis test, there is a positive and significant relationship

between the two independent variables at the level of education and the attitude variable

of environmental concern for behavior in maintaining environmental cleanliness. This

healthy behavior is influenced by two independent variables. The degree of influence

between environmental protection knowledge variables and environmental protection

attitudes as well as the influence of environmental protection behavior variables is

shown at 0.787. This figure means that the strength of the relationship between the

variable level of education and attention to the environment can be said to be very

strong. This behavior has a behavioral variable, namely maintaining environmental

cleanliness. Therefore, it can be explained that the higher the level of education of

tourists about environmental problems and the attitudes of tourists in environmental

protection, the higher the behavior of tourists in maintaining cleanliness.

Variable Level of Education (X) and Attitude of Concern for the Environment

(Y) Participation in environmental preservation is the participation of the community as

well as being active in the form of thoughts, willingness, and actions in environmental

care or preservation programs.

Table 3. Instruments of Environmental Preservation Attitude Variable

Dicipline

Score

Percentage

 Throw garbage in its place

 Maintain the integrity of cleanliness

 Not crossed out Facility

80%

Do not care about the environment

20%

Table 4. Instruments of Environmental Preservation Attitude Variable

Responsibility

Percentage

Parked the vehicle according to the rules

73%

Parking anywhere

27%

Based on the data obtained from variables X and Y, it can be calculated:

rxy :

󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜

󰇝󰇛󰇜󰇞󰇝󰇛󰇜󰇞

rxy :

󰇛󰇜

󰏇󰇝󰇜󰇛󰇞

rxy :



󰏇



rxy :





rxy :  

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Based on the results of the above calculation, the value of r-count is 0.787, so

there is a relationship between variable X: Knowledge of environmental preservation

and environmental preservation attitudes (Y) with high interpretation.

Table 5. Interpretation of the value of r

The value of r

Interpretation

0,000-2,000

Very Low

Not strong

0,210-0.400

Low

Less Strong

0,410-0,600

Intermediate

Strong enough

0,610-0,800

High

Strong

0,810-1,000

Very High

Very strong

CONCLUSION

Based on the results of the study, several conclusions can be drawn about the

relationship between the level of education of tourists in Kapahiang Regency, Bangaru

Province with attitudes towards the environment, namely: there is a positive relationship

between the level of education and their behavior in maintaining environmental

cleanliness. This means that the higher the level of education, the higher the behavior of

maintaining a clean environment. There is a positive relationship between the attitude of

paying attention to the environment and the behavior of maintaining a clean

environment. The higher the attitude of protecting the environment, the higher the

behavior of maintaining a clean environment. There is a positive relationship between

the level of education and their behavior in maintaining a clean environment. Therefore,

the higher the level of education and attitudes towards environmental protection, the

higher the behavior of maintaining environmental cleanliness.

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