How to cite:
Reni Oktaviani Tarru, Harni Eirene Tarru, Wiwinda Ekalisa, Febi
Trisa Wahyuni. (2021). Treatment of Domestic Liquid Waste Using
Filtration and Adsorption Methods at Villa Citra Makale Housing.
Journal Eduvest. 1(11): 1313-1321
E-ISSN:
2775-3727
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Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 1 Number 11, November 2021
p- ISSN 2775-3735 e-ISSN 2775-3727
TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC LIQUID WASTE USING FILTRATION
AND ADSORPTION METHODS AT VILLA CITRA MAKALE
HOUSING
Reni Oktaviani Tarru, Harni Eirene Tarru, Wiwinda Ekalisa, Febi Trisa Wahyuni
Toraja Indonesian Christian University, North Toraja, Indonesia
E-mail: renioktavianitarru1[email protected]m, [email protected],
windaekalisa@gmail.com, febiwahyuni459@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Received:
October, 26
th
2021
Revised:
November, 17
th
2021
Approved:
November, 19
th
2021
Domestic liquid waste comes from household activities
that contain pollutants that can contaminate soil and
water bodies. If the waste is simply dumped into a water
body without being treated first, it can pollute the
surrounding environment, so the aim of the study was to
determine the volume of wastewater produced and to
treat the waste using filtration and adsorption methods.
The research method used is descriptive quantitative
method by calculating the amount of water use to get the
volume of wastewater and wastewater treatment with
filtration and adsorption methods. The results showed
that the volume of wastewater produced was 11.14
m3/day, and the results of wastewater treatment with
filtration and adsorption methods showed that several
parameters had decreased, namely the BOD value of
27.38%, Total Coliform of 93.95%, and color of 75%.
KEYWORDS
Filtration, Adsorption, Domestic Liquid Waste, Housing Villa
Citra Makale.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Reni Oktaviani Tarru, Harni Eirene Tarru, Wiwinda Ekalisa, Febi Trisa Wahyuni
Treatment of Domestic Liquid Waste Using Filtration and Adsorption Methods
at Villa Citra Makale Housing 1314
INTRODUCTION
Domestic wastewater has become a matter of great concern along with the
increase in the human population. Wastewater that is not treated effectively can cause
problems, both for humans and the surrounding environment (Askari, 2015; Supriyatno,
2000). In general, the characteristics of domestic wastewater include COD (Chemical
Oxygen Demand) 100 mg/l, BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) 30 mg/l, Total
Coliform 3000 CFU/100 ml. So far, this liquid waste is simply dumped into water bodies
without being treated first, so that it can pollute the surrounding environment (Sulistyanti,
Antoniker, & Nasrokhah, 2018) (Reynaldi, Mimin, Dindin, & Nany, 2020; SARI, 2016).
The location of this research review is in the housing of Villa Citra Makale. The residents
who live in this area do not yet have a wastewater treatment plant, especially for waste
that comes from daily activities such as bathing, washing and kitchen waste (grey water).
Most of the waste they produce is directly dumped into water bodies or soil which
directly flows into irrigation used for irrigating rice fields and fish ponds without prior
processing. If the amount of waste water discharged is excessive, it exceeds nature's
ability to receive it, there will be environmental damage (PRATAMA, 2016), (Wulandari,
2014). To avoid the adverse impact of domestic wastewater disposal, it is necessary to
design a domestic wastewater treatment plant that functions to reduce the concentration
of pollutant substances before the wastewater is discharged into the receiving water body
(Damayanti, Wuisan, & Binilang, 2018; Dimara, Supit , & Jasin, 2020).
Therefore, the manufacture of wastewater treatment plants is very much needed,
but the manufacture of large-scale installations requires quite a lot of costs. One
alternative for wastewater treatment that does not require too much cost is the simple
filtration and adsorption method (Prastyo & Rahayoe, n.d.; Untari & Kusnadi, 2015).
Wastewater is residual water from business in the form of liquid (Government Regulation
No. 82 of 2001). Hazardous and toxic waste is the residue of a business or activity that
contains hazardous and toxic materials which due to their nature, concentration, and/or
amount, either directly or indirectly, can pollute, damage the environment, or endanger
the environment for humans and living creatures. Based on its physical characteristics,
waste can be categorized into solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes. Wastewater treatment
technology is the key in preserving the environment.
Various wastewater treatment techniques to remove pollutant materials have been
tried and developed so far. The wastewater treatment techniques that have been
developed can generally be divided into three treatment methods, namely physical
treatment, chemical treatment, and biological treatment.
Wastewater treatment technology is the key in preserving the environment.
Whatever kind of domestic or industrial wastewater treatment technology is built, it must
be operated and maintained by the local community. The processing technology chosen
must be in accordance with the technological capabilities of the community concerned.
In the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry concerning
Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards Number P68/MNLHK-SETJEN/2016 Article 1
explains that domestic wastewater is waste water originating from human daily life
activities related to water use. In simple terms, liquid waste can be defined as waste water
resulting from household activities, housing, flats, apartments, offices, hospitals, malls,
supermarkets, meeting halls, hotels, industries, either in the form of gray water (used
water). and black water (dirty water/stool). When viewed chemically, this waste consists
of chemicals, organic compounds and inorganic compounds. With a certain concentration
and quantity, the presence of waste can have a negative impact on the environment,
especially for human health, so it is necessary to handle waste. The level of danger of
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 1 Number 11, November 2021
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poisoning caused by liquid waste depends on the type and characteristics of the pollutant
waste (Fardiaz, 1992).
RESEARCH METHOD
The research method used is descriptive quantitative method by calculating the
amount of water use to get the volume of wastewater and wastewater treatment with
filtration and adsorption methods. Domestic Liquid Waste Treatment with Filtration and
Adsorption Methods is carried out at the Villa Citra Makale Housing, which is located in
Kalembang, Lembang Turunan, Sangalla District, Tana Toraja Regency, Indonesia.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Domestic Liquid Waste Characteristics
In general, the nature or characteristics of domestic wastewater is divided into three
characteristics, namely physical, chemical and biological characteristics.
Adsorption Method
Based on the strength of the interaction, adsorption can be divided into 2, namely
physical adsorption and chemical adsorption (Sing, 1998)
1. Physical adsorption occurs when the intermolecular forces are greater than the
intermolecular attractive forces or the relatively weak attractive forces between the
adsorbate and the adsorbent surface. This force is called the Van der Waals force so that
the adsorbate can move from one surface to another surface of the adsorbent. The
intermolecular force is the attraction between the fluid molecules and the solid surface,
while the intermolecular force is the attraction between the fluid molecules themselves.
2. Chemical adsorption occurs due to the exchange or sharing of electrons between
the adsorbate molecule and the surface of the adsorbent so that a chemical reaction
occurs. The bond formed between the adsorbate and the adsorbent is a chemical bond and
the bond is stronger than physical adsorption.
Filtration Method
Filtration is a process used to separate solids from liquids or gases using a filter
medium that allows the liquid to pass (Wakeman, 2007), but not the solids. The term
“filtration” applies whether the filter is mechanical, biological, or physical. The liquid
that passes through the filter is called the filtrate. The filter medium can be a surface
filter, which is a solid that traps solid particles, or a deep filter, which is a base material
that traps solids.
1). Filtration With Natural Zeolite
Filtration is a process used in clean water treatment to separate impurities
(particulates) contained in water. In the process, water seeps and passes through the filter
media so that it will accumulate on the filter surface and collect along the depth of the
media it passes through.
The filter also has the ability to separate particulates of all sizes including algae,
viruses and soil colloids.
Gravel For Filtration
In the filtration process, gravel acts as a filter material and helps oxygen aeration.
Reni Oktaviani Tarru, Harni Eirene Tarru, Wiwinda Ekalisa, Febi Trisa Wahyuni
Treatment of Domestic Liquid Waste Using Filtration and Adsorption Methods
at Villa Citra Makale Housing 1316
Gravel can also function as a filter for large impurities found in water or liquid waste
Sand For Filtration
Sand can serve to remove the content of silt, soil, small particles and sediment in the
water. Usually functioned as a pre-filter for processing with the next filter.
Coconut Fiber For Filtration
Coconut fiber functions as a filter for impurities contained in liquid waste.
Wastewater
The calculation of the volume of waste water or waste water is based on the amount
of water used. The volume of wastewater is 80% of the volume of drinking water. To
calculate the waste water used the formula:
a = Qtotal x 80%
Qtotal = need for clean water
80% = assumption of clean water that will be waste water
Wastewater Preliminary Sampling
The initial sample of the waste is first taken for testing. This test is conducted to
determine the chemical, physical, and biological levels before processing.
Waste Treatment Building
Simple building for wastewater treatment with filtration and adsorption methods.
The building for storage before filtration is made of tarpaulin with a size of 1x3m . The
building is made with a width of 1m and a length that is adjusted to the trench due to the
location that is not possible. Then the filtration and adsorption building is made of a
plastic container measuring 35x28 cm and a framework is made of wooden blocks shaped
like a ladder that is adjusted to the contours of the soil in the trench. Plastic containers are
arranged on a frame and then the materials are arranged into containers with a thickness
of 5cm.s each. The composition of the materials is as follows:
a) Layer 1 coconut fiber
b) Layer 2 sand
c) Layer 3 coconut fiber
d) Layer 4 sand
e) Layer 5 coconut shell charcoal
f) Layer 6 natural zeolite
g) Layer 7 gravel
Each layer is covered with gauze to separate each ingredient so as not to mix as
shown in the following picture.
Figure 1. Processing Building Sketch
Wastewater Sampling After Treatment
Before taking the wastewater, it was first deposited for 3 days. After going
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 1 Number 11, November 2021
1317 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id
through the deposition process, sampling was carried out by sampling using a 150 ml
bottle and a 2 liter jerry can.
Sample Analysis in the Laboratory
After taking the sample, the sample will be tested at the Makassar Plantation
Product Industry Center. Testing is done by measuring the chemical, physical, and
biological levels.
Calculation of Wastewater Volume or waste water
a = Qtotal x 80%
= 13.92 m3/day x 80%
= 11.14 m3/day
So, the amount of waste water for residential residents is 11.14 m3/day
Results of Domestic Liquid Waste Parameter Analysis with Filtration and Absobs
Methods.
1. Chemical Parameters
Table 1. Results of Chemical Parameter Analysis of Household Liquid Waste for Villa
Citra Makale Housing Before Processing
No.
Parameter
Unit
Analysis Results
Before Processing
1.
pH
-
6,90
2.
Kesadahan
(caco3)
Mg/L
2475
3.
BOD
Mg/L
43,3775
4.
COD
Mg/L
145,451
5.
DO
Mg/L
4,7318
6.
Nitrat(NO3)
Mg/L
0,2399
7.
Besi (Fe)
Mg/L
<0,03
8.
Mangan (Mn)
Mg/L
<0,008
9.
Nitrit (NO2)
Mg/L
0,0068
10.
Sianida (CN)
Mg/L
<0,002
11.
Flourida (F)
Mg/L
0,2031
12.
Detergen
sebagai MBAS
Mg/L
4658,40
Table 2 Results of Chemical Parameter Analysis of Household Liquid Waste for Villa
Citra Makale Housing After Processing
No.
Parameter
Unit
Analysis Results
After Processing
1.
pH
-
3,94
2.
Kesadahan
(caco3)
Mg/L
990,00
3.
BOD
Mg/L
31,4986
4.
COD
Mg/L
170,649
5.
DO
Mg/L
3,9435
6.
Nitrat(NO3)
Mg/L
7,3047
7.
Besi (Fe)
Mg/L
0,03
8.
Mangan (Mn)
Mg/L
0,008
9.
Nitrit (NO2)
Mg/L
0,0146
Reni Oktaviani Tarru, Harni Eirene Tarru, Wiwinda Ekalisa, Febi Trisa Wahyuni
Treatment of Domestic Liquid Waste Using Filtration and Adsorption Methods
at Villa Citra Makale Housing 1318
10.
Sianida (SN)
Mg/L
0,0478
11.
Flourida (F)
Mg/L
0,1214
12.
Detergent as
MBAS
Mg/L
3111,80
The results of the analysis can be illustrated in a graph of the comparison of
chemical parameters of domestic wastewater before and after treatment as follows:
Figure 1 Comparison of Domestic Liquid Waste Chemical Parameters
2. Physical parameters
Table 3 Results of Physical Parameter Analysis of Household Liquid Waste for Villa
Citra Makale Housing Before Processing
No.
Parameter
Unit
Maximum Quality
Requirements
Analysis Results Before
Processing
1.
Temperatur
o
C
15-354
30,6
2.
Residu terlarut
(TDS)
Mg/L
800
2869
3.
Warna
TCU
15
20
4.
Kekeruhan
Skala NTU
5
0,21
Table 4. Results of Physical Parameter Analysis of Household Liquid Waste for Villa
Citra Makale After Processing
No.
Parameter
Unit
Maximum Quality
Requirements
Analysis Results After
Processing
1.
Temperatur
o
C
28,8
2.
Residu
terlarut (TDS)
Mg/L
800
1042
3.
Warna
TCU
15
5
4.
Kekeruhan
Skala
NTU
5
137,00
The results of the analysis can be illustrated in a comparison chart of the physical
parameters of domestic wastewater before and after processing as follows:
1
5
25
125
625
3125
mg/L
Parameter
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 1 Number 11, November 2021
1319 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id
Graph 2 Comparison of Physical Parameters of Domestic Liquid Waste
3. Biological Parameters
Table 5. Results of Analysis of Biological Parameters of Household Liquid Waste for
Villa Citra Makale Housing Before Processing
No.
Parameter
Unit
Maximum Quality
Requirements
Analysis Results Before
Processing
1.
Fecal
Coliform
Total/100
ml
100
94
2.
Total
Coliform
Total/100
ml
3000
430
Table 6 Results of Analysis of Household Liquid Waste Biological Parameters for Villa
Citra Makale After Processing
No.
Parameter
Unit
Maximum Quality
Requirements
Analysis Results After
Processing
1.
Fecal
Coliform
Total/100
ml
100
10
2.
Total
Coliform
Total/100
ml
3000
26
The results of the analysis can be illustrated in a comparison chart of the
biological parameters of domestic wastewater before and after treatment as follows:
1
5
25
125
625
3125
Temperatur Residu
terlarut (TDS)
Warna Kekeruhan
Satuan
Parameter
Physical Parameters
Hasil Analisis Sebelum
Pengolahan
Hasil Analisis Sesudah
Pengolahan
Reni Oktaviani Tarru, Harni Eirene Tarru, Wiwinda Ekalisa, Febi Trisa Wahyuni
Treatment of Domestic Liquid Waste Using Filtration and Adsorption Methods
at Villa Citra Makale Housing 1320
Figure 3 Comparison of Domestic Liquid Waste Biological Parameters
Based on the results of research and analysis of domestic wastewater treatment at
Villa Citra Makale Housing using filtration and adsorption methods when viewed from
the value of Chemical, Physical, Biological parameters, the quality of liquid waste has
changed although it is still not optimal. COD increased because the deposition time in this
study was not optimal so that the adsorption process did not occur optimally. This is
because the contact between the particles and the adsorbent medium lasts for a short time.
The longer the contact time, the more particles are bound. This increase is also influenced
by the size of the adsorbent media used, the smaller the size of the media, the larger the
surface area and the more particles that stick to the surface. BOD value decreased by
27.38%, color decreased by 75%, Fecal Coliform value decreased by 89.36% and Total
Coliform value decreased by 93.95%.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research and analysis of domestic wastewater parameters in
the Villa Citra Makale Housing, it can be concluded that: The volume of waste water or
wastewater generated from the housing is about 80% of the total daily water usage, which
is 11.14 m3/day. The application of the filtration and adsorption method using sand,
coconut fiber, gravel, activated charcoal and natural zeolite media gave good results in
reducing the value of domestic wastewater parameters, especially BOD, color and total
coliform, the decrease was due to the use of activated charcoal and Zeolite has pores that
can bind impurities in wastewater. The results of the analysis of the quality of domestic
wastewater based on the filtration and adsorption methods are: the BOD value decreased
by 27.38%, the color decreased by 75%, the Fecal Coliform value decreased by 89.36%
and the Total Coliform value decreased by 93.95 %.
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