How to cite:
Setya Etika Mulyasari, Suyanto, Gusti M. Hatta, Bambang Joko
Priatmadi. (2021). Spatial Analysis of Land Use Changes Towards
Banjarbaru City's Regional Spatial Plan. Journal Eduvest. 1(11):
1258-1267
E-ISSN:
2775-3727
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Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
Volume 1 Number 11, November 2021
p- ISSN 2775-3735 e-ISSN 2775-3727
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF LAND USE CHANGES TOWARDS
BANJARBARU CITY'S REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN
Setya Etika Mulyasari, Suyanto, Gusti M. Hatta, Bambang Joko Priatmadi
Lambung Mangkurat University, Indonesia
E-mail: setya_e[email protected], [email protected],
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Received:
October, 26
th
2021
Revised:
November, 16
th
2021
Approved:
November, 18
th
2021
Banjarbaru City is one of the cities in South Kalimantan
Province which is developing quite rapidly from year to
year. Hence, it is necessary to research and study changes
in land use and their suitability with the city development
plan. The purpose of this study is to examine changes in
the area and types of land use changes in Banjarbaru City
within a period of 8 years, from 2013 to 2021, determine
the rate of land use change, and assess the suitability of
land use changes to the applicable Banjarbaru City spatial
plan. This research method is an overlay to see changes in
land use and the suitability of changes in land use with the
direction of spatial functions in the Regional Spatial Plan.
The result of this research is that in an area of 16,414.00
ha (53.7%) there is a change in land use in Banjarbaru City
in the period 2013-2021. The biggest land use changes are
dry land agriculture, vacant land, wetland agriculture,
housing, and villages. The use of dry land and agricultural
land has the largest decrease in area, which is 15,090.71
ha or a decrease of 365.5%. The use of vacant land
increased in an area of 14,715.684 hectares or an increase
of almost 4 times. Wetland agriculture has decreased in
an area which is reduced by 986.55 ha or decreased by
65.8%. The use of land for housing/residential in the form
of housing or villages has also undergone considerable
Setya Etika Mulyasari, Suyanto, Gusti M. Hatta, Bambang Joko Priatmadi
Spatial Analysis of Land Use Changes Towards Banjarbaru City's Regional
Spatial Plan 1259
changes. The use of residential land has increased by
528.105 hectares (44.626%) and the village area to 444.32
ha (21.2%). The suitability of land use with the RTRW in
Banjarbaru City is 16,742.86 ha (54.8%) categorized as
appropriate, while an area of 13,779.69 ha (45.2%) is
categorized as not in accordance with the applicable
RTRW.
KEYWORDS
Spatial analysis, Land Use, Spatial Plan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
INTRODUCTION
Changes in land use are basically unavoidable in the implementation of
development. Rapid population growth and the increasing demands of the community's
needs for land will result in a conflict of interest over land use and a mismatch between
land use and its designation plan (Yaping & Min, 2009). It is necessary to discover the
use of land in an area. It is intended to find out the impact of changes in land use on the
carrying capacity of the land so that it has an impact on the decline in the quality of an
environment. According to (Wuryanta, Susanti, Yani, & Pabelan, 2015), the degradation
or decline in environmental quality is related to land use patterns that do not pay attention
to spatial planning rules, which will indirectly affect the level of pollution in the area.
Changes in land use that do not pay attention to spatial and environmental aspects will
have serious impacts on the environment. One of the impacts is the occurrence of natural
disasters such as floods (Sivakumar, 2005). In determining the suitability of land use to
the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) in Banjarbaru City supported by the development of
existing remote sensing technology, there is no relevant study/information. Therefore, the
researchers are interested in studying changes in land use during the period 2013-2021
and their suitability to the Banjarbaru City Spatial Plan that applies to the Geographic
Information System (GIS) approach. This study aims to assess changes in the area and
types of land use changes in Banjarbaru City within a period of 8 years, from 2013 to
2021 as well as to assess the suitability of land use changes to Banjarbaru City spatial
planning in 2014-2034.
Based on the research objectives above, the results of this study are expected to
be useful for Local Government of Banjarbaru City and decision makers in determining
land use policies in Banjarbaru City. The Banjarbaru City Government in aligning land
use with spatial planning and also for academics as additional material and reference
material for further research.
RESEARCH METHOD
The research location was in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan Province. The
research was carried out for 8 months. The tools used in this research are a set of
computers with arcGIS 10.4 software for spatial analysis, GPS (Global Positioning
System), and the Avenza Maps application for ground checking. The materials used in
this study include the Banjarbaru City base map, the latest satellite imagery, the
administrative boundary map, the 2014-2034 Banjarbaru City Spatial Plan Map.
This research was conducted using spatial analysis/map data by overlaying to see
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1260 http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id
changes in land use and suitability of land use changes with the direction of spatial
functions in the Regional Spatial Plan. In the implementation of this research, several
stages were carried out. The stages are preparation, data collection, data processing, and
data analysis.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Changes in Land Use (2013-2021 Period)
Land is a source of life and life for humans. Land has a very strategic function,
both as a natural resource and as a space for development (Maclean, Robinson, &
Natcher, 2015). With an increasing development in all fields, be it agriculture, settlement,
industry, the need for land is also increasing. With the increasing demand for land, the
problems that arise are also increasing. This is because the availability of land is
relatively fixed while the need for land continues to increase along with population
growth and development activities (Bruinsma, 2009).
Taking into account that the need for land continues to increase while its
availability is increasingly decreasing, the application of mechanisms for regulating land
use and utilization to ensure that development and human life will be maintained in its
sustainability needs to be continuously pursued and improved in quality. Land use is very
dynamic from time to time, in the course of time there will be many changes (Lambin,
Rounsevell, & Geist, 2000). According to (Arsyad, 2006), land use change is essentially a
development activity on the land. Land use change has a big potential impact on the
biophysical and socioeconomic environment.
Land use data used as a comparison in analyzing land use changes are land use data
in 2013 and the latest land use data (2021).
Figure 1 Land Use Map 2013
Figure 2 Land Use Map 2021
Spatial Analysis of Land Use Changes Towards Banjarbaru City's Regional
Spatial Plan 1261
Figure 3 Map of Land Use Change for 2013-2021
Figure 4. Graph of Land Use Change in Banjarbaru City Period 2013 – 2021
From the results of spatial analysis, it can be concluded that an area of 16,414.00
ha or an area of 53.7% of the total area of Banjarbaru City experienced changes in land
use in the period 2013-2021, while the remaining area of 14,128.54 ha or 46.3% did not
change.
Figure 5. Graph of Overview of Land Use Changes in Banjarbaru City
Changed
16414,00 Ha
(53,7 %)
not changed
14128,54 Ha
(46,3 %)
0.00
5000.00
10000.00
15000.00
20000.00
Accommodation and Recreation
Medical facility
Sports Facilities
Government Facilities
Educational Facilities
Worship Facilities
Non-Agricultural Industry
Installation
Street
Village
Pond/Pond
Business Institution
Market
Burial
General trading
Warehousing
Forestry
Mining
Wetland Farming
Dryland farming
Housing area
farm
Transportation Infrastructure
River/Situ/Lake/Reservoir
City Park
Vacant land
2013 2021
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From the figure above, it can be seen that the most prominent land use changes are
dry land agriculture and vacant land. Land use with the highest change in area over the
past eight years is dry land agriculture, then the use of vacant land, wetland agriculture,
housing, and villages also experienced major changes. The use of dry land agricultural
land has decreased the most in the last eight years, covering an area of 15,090.71 ha or a
decrease of 365.5% or almost a 4 times decrease. The use of vacant land has increased in
an area of 14,372.05 ha or an increase of more than 4 times in the last eight years.
Wetland agriculture also experienced a decrease in area, which was reduced by 986.55 ha
or decreased by 65.8% over the last eight years. The decrease in the area of dry land
agricultural land and wet land agriculture is due to the fact that both types of land use
have changed a lot into vacant land.
The use of land for housing/residential in the form of housing or villages has also
undergone considerable changes. Residential land use has increased by 528.10 ha or
44.6% over the last eight years. The big number of housing needs due to rapid population
growth in the City of Banjarbaru is used by developers to build housing. This causes the
area of land use for housing to increase significantly. Rapid population growth has also
resulted in the addition of villages in the city of Banjarbaru. In the last eight years, the
village has increased by 444.32 ha or an increase of 21.2%.
The recapitulation of land use changes that occurred in Banjarbaru City in the
period 2013 to 2021 can be seen in the following table:
Table 1 of Land Use Changes in Banjarbaru City Period 2013 - 2021
No.
Land Use
Area (in Ha)
Land Use
Change
%
Changed
Year 2013
Year
2021
1
Dryland Agriculture
19219,68
4128,97
-15090,71
-365,5
2
Vacant Land
3422,62
17794,67
14372,05
419,9
3
Wetland Farming
2486,57
1500,02
-986,55
-65,8
4
Housing
1183,39
1711,49
528,10
44,6
5
Villages
2092,41
2536,73
444,32
21,2
6
Mining
636,55
887,22
250,67
39,4
7
Forestry
20,14
119,01
98,87
490,9
8
Government Facilities
138,73
228,18
89,44
64,5
9
Street
692,28
762,48
70,21
10,1
10
Non-Agricultural Industries
80,92
140,24
59,31
73,3
11
General Trading
22,10
80,80
58,70
265,5
12
City Parks
5,69
26,39
20,70
364,1
13
Ponds
11,42
27,13
15,71
137,6
14
Ranch 9.01 21.87 12.86 142.8
9,01
21,87
12,86
142,8
15
River/Situ/Lake/Reservoir
80,80
91,59
10,80
13,4
16
Worship Facilities
11,32
19,99
8,67
76,6
17
Health Facilities
4,84
12,94
8,10
167,2
18
Market
8,43
16,01
7,58
89,9
19
Cemetery
38,88
45,08
6,20
15,9
20
Education Facilities
127,31
132,45
5,14
4,0
21
Business Institutions
15,04
18,75
3,70
24,6
22
Accommodation and Recreation
17,69
20,99
3,29
18,6
Setya Etika Mulyasari, Suyanto, Gusti M. Hatta, Bambang Joko Priatmadi
Spatial Analysis of Land Use Changes Towards Banjarbaru City's Regional
Spatial Plan 1263
23
Warehousing
3,11
5,13
2,02
65,0
24
Sports Facilities
19,99
20,65
0,66
3,3
25
Installation
3,75
3,92
0,16
4,3
26
Transportation Infrastructure
189,85
189,85
0,00
0,0
Source: Results of Land Use Change Analysis for the Period of 2013 - 20121
Note: The negative sign (Minus) represents a decrease in the area of land use
The use of land as roads has increased by 70.21 ha when compared to the data in
2013 or an increase of 10.1%. The rapid development in Banjarbaru City has resulted in
an increase in the volume of road infrastructure development. The construction of the
office area for the South Kalimantan Provincial Government in Cempaka District and the
construction of the Syamsudin Noor International Airport in Landasan Ulin District have
led to the construction of many new road accesses in both locations. Land use for markets
also increased by 7.58 ha when compared to land use data for markets in 2013. The
development of Bauntung Baru market and Pondok Mangga market are two of the new
markets that did not exist before.
The use of mining land has also increased in an area of 250.67 ha or an increase of
39.4% over the last 8 years. Although the mining activities of PT. Galuh Cempaka
stopped since 2009-2017, the mining area in Banjarbaru City continues to increase. This
shows that there are still traditional diamond mining activities (Panning) by the
community in Cempaka District and excavation C mining (Sand, gravel, and backfill) in
Landasan Ulin District. The use of forested land has increased significantly compared to
2013 data. The development of the South Kalimantan Provincial Government office area
in Cempaka District has an indirect impact on increasing the forest area in Banjarbaru
City which is almost five times compared to the data eight years ago. The South
Kalimantan Provincial Government built a Miniature Tropical Rain Forest (Miniature
Tropical Rain Forest) which is now renamed the Indonesian Tropical Rain Forest Park
(TH2TI) in the office area which covers an area of approximately 70 hectares. The
development of the Indonesian Tropical Rain Forest Park (TH2TI) is a concrete
manifestation of the role of the South Kalimantan Provincial Government in preserving
the environment and Indonesian forest resources for future life. The purpose of the
development of the Indonesian Tropical Rain Forest Park (TH2TI) is to preserve the
diversity of tree species, absorb emissions and create a micro-climate, providing multi-
purpose forest benefits in the life of society and the nation that ensures the sustainability
of sustainable life in the future.
The use of aquatic land (River/Situ/Lake/Reservoir) increased by 10.80 ha or
13.4% of the 2013 data. One of the reasons for this increase was the construction of the
Banua Botanical Garden Embung which was also built in the provincial government
office area. South Kalimantan. The purpose of the construction of the reservoir is for
flood control conservation and water supply for watering trees/plants in the Banua
Botanical Gardens (Wurbs, Cabezas, & Tibbets, 1985). In addition to these functions, the
reservoir will also be used as a tourist spot (Sianturi, Koswara, & Elysiyah, 2021).
Land use in the form of city parks also experienced an increase in area of 364.1%
or an area of 20.70 ha when compared to data eight years ago which was only 5.69 ha.
The Banjarbaru City Government for the past eight years has been very concerned about
the development of city parks as a provision of Green Open Space (RTH) in its area, such
as the Taman Pintar Green Open Space and the Happy Park Green Open Space. The
existence of green open space is very important for an urban area. Aside from being one
of the community's social facilities, the city's green open space is expected to be able to
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match the space requirements for community activities with the preservation of the
natural landscape of the area. The city's green open space also has many functions and
benefits, including hydrological, ecological, climatological, educational, health and
tourism functions (Soeriaatmadja & Wulanningsih, 2018).
Based on the results of spatial analysis, it was found that the land use with the
biggest change was dry land agriculture which turned into vacant land, which was
13,653.02 ha. The use of land for wetland agriculture turned into vacant land covering an
area of 950.81 ha. This is due to the large number of dry land agricultural lands
(moor/fields) and wet land agriculture (paddy fields) that were previously cultivated and
cultivated by local farmers/land owners are currently no longer cultivated and become
vacant land/shrubs/sleeping land. According to (Wowiling, Sondakh, Katiandagho, &
Ruauw, 2014), the factors that affect agricultural land not being cultivated and becoming
idle land are:
a) Physical factors, including soil fertility level, soil capability class, and availability
of irrigation networks.
b) Social factors, including the availability and cost of labor, the level of community
education, and the ability of individuals in agricultural cultivation.
c) Economic factors, including capital, the cost of agricultural equipment and
technology is relatively expensive, the level of community income from the non-
agricultural sector.
Detailed reasons that cause farmers in Banjarbaru City to no longer cultivate their
land for agricultural activities need more in-depth study and research. In addition to
turning into vacant land, dry land agricultural land is also transformed into vacant land
turned into other land uses such as educational facilities, health facilities, sports facilities,
roads, public trade, housing, villages and others (Li, Wang, Wuzhati, & Wen, 2016).
Similar to dry land agriculture, wetland agriculture also changes towards non-agricultural
activities, such as educational facilities, health facilities, sports facilities, roads, public
trade, housing, villages and others (Thuo, 2013).
One of the sports facilities was also transformed into a market covering an area of
3.80 ha, namely a mini stadium on Jalan RO Ulin which turned into Bauntung Baru
Market. The use of village land has turned into general trading covering an area of 14.68
ha in the last eight years.
Broadly speaking, the types of land use in Banjarbaru City in 2021 will shift with
the types of land use in 2013, both types of land use, area, and distribution. The use of dry
land agricultural land and wetland agriculture has decreased in area in the last eight years.
This illustrates that there has been a shift in the activities of the people of Banjarbaru City
in utilizing their land from agricultural activities to non-agricultural activities, as well as a
change in the mindset/paradigm of the younger generation who no longer want to be
involved in agricultural activities and no longer want to work their land for dry land
agricultural activities moor/fields) and wetland agriculture (paddy fields) (Lee-Martinez,
2014).
Based on the spatial analysis with the land use type approach, it can be concluded
that the land use changes that occurred in Banjarbaru City in the period 2013-2021 were
mostly carried out by the community, covering an area of 15,546.80 ha or 94.7% of the
changes that occurred in that period, namely in the form of villages, vacant land, dry land
agriculture, ponds, worship facilities, and others. An area of 540.62 ha or 3.3% of the
changes that occurred during that period were carried out by legal entities (Private).
Changes in land use, the subject of which is a legal/private entity, occur in the use of
residential land, business institutions, warehousing, and recreation and accommodation
such as the Grand Daffam hotel and Q Mall Banjarbaru. The remaining area of 326.58 ha
Setya Etika Mulyasari, Suyanto, Gusti M. Hatta, Bambang Joko Priatmadi
Spatial Analysis of Land Use Changes Towards Banjarbaru City's Regional
Spatial Plan 1265
or 2% of the changes that occurred during that period was carried out by the Government.
Changes in land use, the subject of which is the government, occurs in the land use of
government facilities, sports facilities, markets, forestry, roads, installations, and others.
B. Sustainability of Land Use to the RTRW of Banjarbaru City
According to (Rustiadi, 2018), in the spatial planning paradigm it is defined as a
form of systematic assessment of the physical, social and economic aspects to support
and direct the use of space in choosing the best way to increase productivity in order to
meet the needs of the community (Public) in a sustainable manner. The process of spatial
planning is basically an effort to create various balances (Nutters & da Silva, 2012). The
spatial planning process requires a participatory balance between various parties that
leads to the establishment of justice between parties.
The difference between the current condition and the spatial utilization plan can
cause various problems in the implementation of the space utilization plan. The problem
lies in the use of space that is not in accordance with the spatial plan, especially in urban
areas where the physical development of buildings continues to increase. Therefore, it is
necessary to make efforts to adjust land use to the Regional Spatial Plan, the need for an
analysis of the suitability of land use to the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW), considering
that there are many changes in land use patterns, both those that are in accordance with
the plan or the allocation of land use in spatial planning and unplanned.
Figure 6 Map of the suitability of land use for the RTRW
Banjarbaru City Spatial Planning is regulated in Banjarbaru City Regional
Regulation Number 13 of 2014 concerning Banjarbaru City Spatial Planning. The
Regional Regulation is used as a direction in the regional development process. As a
guiding instrument, every space use should procedurally apply for a space use permit to
the authorized agency.
Eduvest – Journal of Universal Studies
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Figure 7 Graph of Land Use Suitability to RTRW
Although the use of space has been regulated through the Regional Spatial Plan
(RTRW), there are still spatial uses that are not in accordance with the direction of the
RTRW (Hajer & Zonneveld, 2000). Based on the analysis of spatial data based on the
suitability matrix, it can be seen that an area of 16,742.86 ha or 54.8% of land use in
Banjarbaru City is categorized according to the Regional Spatial Plan, while an area of
13,799.69 ha or another 45.2% land use. categorized not in accordance with the direction
of the function of space in the Regional Spatial Plan.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the research described in the previous chapter, the following
conclusions can be drawn: 1) There was a change in land use in Banjarbaru City in the
period 2013-2021. In an area of 16,414.00 ha (53.7%) there was a change in land use,
while an area of 14,128.54 ha (46.3%) did not change in land use (No change). 2) The
biggest land use changes over the last eight years are dry land agriculture, vacant land,
wetland agriculture, housing and villages. The use of dry land agricultural land
experienced the largest decrease in area of 15,090.71 ha or a decrease of 365.5% or
almost a 4-fold decrease. The use of vacant land increased in an area of 14,715.684
hectares or an increase of almost 4 times. Wetland agriculture has decreased in area
which is reduced by 986.55 ha or decreased by 65.8%. The use of land for
housing/residential in the form of housing or villages has also undergone considerable
changes. Residential land use increased by 528.105 hectares (44.626%) and the village
area to 444.32 ha (21.2%). 3). The suitability of land use with the RTRW in Banjarbaru
City is 16,742.86 ha (54.8%) categorized as appropriate, while an area of 13,779.69 ha
(45.2%) is categorized as not in accordance with the applicable RTRW.
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