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Eduvest � Journal
of Universal Studies Volume 1 Number 8, August 2021 p- ISSN
2775-3735 e-ISSN 2775-3727 |
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EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON
ECONOMIC SUBJECTS IN HIGH SCHOOLS |
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Yuntafiani
Mufidatu Rahmawati, Lukman Hakim and Tri Murwaningsih Sebelas Maret �University E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]��� |
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ARTICLE
INFO������� ABSTRACT |
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Received: August,
9th 2021 Revised: August,
17th 2021 Approved: August,
19th 2021 |
The
Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on changing learning methods from face-to-face
earning to online learning. Learning ctivities that
were originally carried out in schools because of the pandemic must be
carried out at home. This learning method then made many teachers use various
online learning media as an alternative learning method which turned out to
cause many complaints from students. The application of online learning due
to changes in learning methods is a phenomenon that is studied more deeply by
researchers using a descriptive qualitative approach. There are three kinds
of data collection techniques used in this research, namely observation,
documentation, and |
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KEYWORDS |
Effectiveness, Alternative
Learning, Online Learning |
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This
work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License |
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INTRODUCTION
2020 will be a historic year for the development of human
life. Since the outbreak of cases related to the Corona virus that occurred in
Wuhan, China in the end of 2019, this virus has become a trending topic around
the world. Indonesia is one of the countries in the world that cannot be
separated from the Covid-19 outbreak. The origin of the Covid-19 pandemic in
Indonesia began with the discovery of a Corona virus sufferer on March 2, 2020,
then this virus was rampant throughout Indonesia. Various anticipations were
made to break the chain of the spread of Covid-19, such as calls to the public
to carry out social distancing (stay at home), lockdown efforts, government
policies to carry out rapid tests and in several areas the efforts been enacted
on a large scale of social boundaries.
Efforts to prevent the Covid-19 pandemic continue to be
carried out by all levels of society. The appeal to stay at home, makes all
community activities carried out at home such as working at home, studying at
home, even praying at home. The spread of Covid-19 initially had a major impact
on health and the economy, but the increasing spread of Covid-19 also has an
impact on the education sector. The decision to carry out learning activities
at home is a challenge in the world of education (Cao et al., 2020). The existence of this
decision caused a change in the way of learning which was initially
face-to-face where students and teachers carried out the learning process at
school, but due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the learning process had to be done
at home online or online (Ali, 2020),(Crawford et al.,
2020). Behaviorists believe that humans are greatly influenced
by environmental conditions so that they can provide certain experiences to
themselves. Such conditions require teachers to find ways that can be used to
support the learning process so that students get the right to learn. Finally,
as an alternative to learning to solve this problem, teachers use technology to
support online learning.
The application of online learning is an alternative for
implementing technology- assisted learning as a medium that can be used by
teachers in providing learning for students effectively. Teachers are expected
to be able to become facilitators for students during the learning process, and
to support them, teachers can use learning media that students can use to
support the learning process in all conditions (Pujiati, 2007). Basically online
learning is a term of learning through media by utilizing electronic or digital.
The use of online learning media is a learning innovation that makes it easy
for students because online learning can help students transfer information to
develop knowledge, skills and learning flexibility moreefficiently (Rahmawati, Hakim, & Murwaningsih, 2021).
�� Technology has an
important role in the learning process when applied inside and outside the
classroom (Rochaety, n.d.). The application
of online learning media aims to support the learning process so that the
information conveyed by the teacher during learning becomes better and easier
for students to understand (Firman & Rahayu, 2020). Students
can freely use smartphones to access learning materials, so learning becomes
more flexible. Online learning is an effective alternative to learning by
combining the delivery of digital learning materials as support and services in
the learning process using various existing learning platforms (Din, Haron, Ahmad, & Rashid, 2015). Teachers
can use a learning platform that can make learning easier for students. Online
learning platforms that are often used during the learning process include
Google Classroom, Edmodo, zoom.in, webex and even google meet (Rachmawati et al., 2020).
To be more optimal, using this learning platform can also
be used by using communication media such as WhatsApp, Telegram, Messenger and
so on. Based on the focus points studied by the researcher, this study examines
alternative learning carried out by the Economic Subject Teacher Deliberation
group, with 52 teachers who are members of the Economic MGMP group. There are
37 teachers who are over 40 years old, the rest are under 40 years. 80% of the
total MGMP teachers explained that they prefer to use the Google
Classroom learning platform, 50% use video conferencing platforms such as
zoom.us and Google Meet, and 4% use the Edmoodo platform. As well as the
majority of teachers who facilitate communication, prefer short message
applications such as WhatsApp Group and Telegram.
�� This study
examines more deeply the effectiveness of implementing learning during the
Covid-19 pandemic in economic subjects including the challenges faced by
teachers in choosing learning media as an alternative for economic subjects,
and the effectiveness of the application of online learning in economic
subjects. Changes in the learning process certainly have an effect on teacher
performance. For young teachers there may be no problem if learning is done
online using an online platform but for teachers who lack technological skills
because of Kudet (not updated) and age, they have to collide with difficulties
in doing online learning.
�� Online learning
is one solution that can be done during the Covid-19 pandemic learning is much
more flexible because it can be done at home. However, this kind of learning
creates new problems for students regarding their readiness to do online
learning. Learning systems like this require high costs such as providing
internet data, procuring standard smartphones for online use, strong internet
signal networks, and not to mention if there are questions that make everything
difficult for students.
�� Education
observer Drs. Sulthon, M.Si, quoted from Gema Surya Fm, explained that online
learning is actually a one-sided policy, without paying attention to student
conditions related to facilities and financial conditions. The unavailability
of internet data due to the small amount of money resulted in many students
being in arrears for teacher assignments which over time became a lot and
ultimately affected the learning process. Many students also cannot take part
in learning because the internet signal network is experiencing interference.
In addition, based on the explanation from the teacher, it is stated that
online learning is an opportunity for stubborn students not to take part in
learning for various supporting reasons. Of course, the problems that teachers
and students complain about have a big impact on the effectiveness of the
application of online learning.
�� The application
of learning that is carried out online does not necessarily run smoothly but
creates new problems, namely related to the readiness of teachers and students
to carry out the learning process using online learning platforms. For teachers
who are young, maybe there will be no problems if the learning is done online,
but for teachers whose technological skills are lacking due to inadequate
updates and age clashes, they will definitely find it difficult to do online
learning. Meanwhile, another complaint is that a learning system like this
requires a fairly high cost for internet quota provision, standard smartphone
procurement for online use, and not to mention if there are questions that make
it difficult for students. Many students cannot participate in learning because
the internet signal network is experiencing interference. In addition, based on
the teacher's explanation, online learning is an opportunity for stubborn
students not to take part in learning for various reasons.
Therefore, researchers further analyzed the effectiveness
of the application of online learning as an alternative method learning during
the Covid-19 economic pandemic in high school.
RESEARCH METHODS
Sugiyono
explains that the research method is a scientific way to obtain data with
specific purposes and uses. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research
approach. Descriptive qualitative research is a research based on the
philosophy of postpositivism, to study natural
objects the researcher is a key instrument, data collection techniques are
carried out by means of triangulation (combined). Data grouping in this study
is divided into two types, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data
sources in this study were obtained through interviews and observations. The
primary data sources in this study were obtained from the teacher as the most
important informant in the study. Meanwhile secondary data is used by
researchers as supporting information obtained from primary data sources,
namely from literature studies, literature studies, previous research, books,
or activity reports held by teachers on subjects the economy.
There are three kinds of data collection techniques
used in this research, namely observation, documentation, and interview. This
study uses non-participatory observational research techniques, where the
researcher is not directly involved in the activities of the observed
informant, and only acts as an independent observer. Descriptive qualitative
research requires researchers to be able to reveal objective truths related to
the focus of the research they want to know. Therefore, the validity or
validity of data in qualitative research is very important. The validity of
this study used triangulation techniques. Triangulation can mean that there are
different informants or different sources of data about something.
Triangulation is done to strengthen the data so that researchers believe in the
truth and completeness of the data obtained.
Data analysis used is inductive or qualitative and the
results of the study emphasize meaning rather than generalization. This
qualitative data analysis method uses data analysis techniques from Miles and Huberman, where data analysis techniques are divided into
data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions /
verification.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The following are the
results of research on the Effectiveness of the Application of Online Learning
as an Alternative to Learning in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period in Economics in
High Schools.
A. Implementation of learning during the Covid-19
pandemic in economic subjects in high schools
The application of
technology-based online learning is one form of implementing learning by
utilizing technology as a medium for transferring knowledge from teachers to
students. Indrajit explains that in the term
e-learning, there is the word e- which basically represents �electronic� which
means the occurrence of learning events using electronic-based devices. Littlejhon and Pegler argue that e-learning is a teaching
and learning process using computers and technology, especially learning using
the internet (Littlejohn & Pegler, 2007). The application of online learning media provides
various benefits in the field of education, as explained by Lage-Cal
&Folgueras-Diaz (Lage-Cal, Folgueras-D�az,
Alonso-Hidalgo, Garc�a-Men�ndez, & Fern�ndez-Garc�a, 2020); which state that
the advantages of e-learning emphasize flexibility
during the learning process. Students can learn more independently and more
freely, students can be more responsible in learning so that the Student Center
Learning (SCL) learning method can be achieved.
Figure 1.Application of online learning in economic subjects
The decision regarding
distance learning makes all subjects applied online and economics is no
exception. Based on the research data obtained by researchers, there were 97%
of respondents who explained that learning was carried out online in all
subjects including economics, and the remaining 3% of respondents did not apply
online learning. The implementation of this online learning is in accordance
with the decision of the Minister of Education and Culture (Mendikbud)
Nadiem Anwar Makarim with
the approval of President Joko Widodo
by issuing Circular Number 4 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Education
during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Tigowatiet al. explain
that the purpose of online learning is to help conventional learning so that
students can easily understand all subects.
Therefore, a learning platform that is easily acessed
by teachers and students is needed so that learning can run according to plan (van Rensburg, 2018). In accordance with research
conducted by researchers, there are 75.9% of respondents using various online
learning applications / facilities that can facilitate access in delivering
learning to students, while 24.1% of respondents use online learning facilities
that have been provided by schools such as learning systems e-learning that has
been implemented in several schools. In fact, schools have provided flexibility
to teachers in delivering material using a learning platform that is tailored
to the needs of teachers and students in learning. One of the success factors
in using online learning is the ease of access for students and teachers in
using appropriate online tools.
Figure 2. Policy delivered by the school regarding
the use of online learning applications / facilities
Online learning is carried
out by all teachers including economics teachers using various online learning platforms.
A platform is a combination of software and hardware to run a program. Its
function is to make it easier for computer users to run applications smoothly.
Figure 3. Online learning media used in implementating economic learning
Based on data from the
results of research conducted by researchers, there were 75.9% of responses
that explained that teachers used mailing lists such as WhatsApp
Group to communicate with students, and there were 69% of responses that
explained that teachers prefer to carry out online learning based on google classroom. Furthermore, there were 24.1% of
respondents who carried out online learning based on video conferencing in the
form of zoom.us and Google Meet. Other supporting media so that learning can be
maximized, namely teachers can easily communicate with students using Whatsapp.
Figure 4Learning facilities
use in delivering course material online learning
The application of online
learning requires teachers to be more innovative in developing learning
materials. 93.1% of respondents stated that teachers delivered subject matter
in the form of files such as Words, PowerPoints, even
learning videos, 62.1% of teachers delivered learning materials using YouTube,
58.6% of respondents delivered subject matter using links or links that could
be accessed by students. AndThere are 44.8% of
respondents who use Google Drive and there are 3.4% of respondents who chose
Google Form to deliver learning materials.
The delivery of assignments
during online learning is quite diverse, ranging from making multiple choice
questions, essay questions, true and false questions, summarizing, looking for
articles to making mind mapping. The purpose of delivering this assignment is
as an evaluation material to determine the ability of students to carry out
online learning independently. The form of essay questions is preferred by the
teacher because it is intended to measure higher order thinking processes so
that the teacher is able to know the ability of students to express their
opinions openly in accordance with the material presented by the teacher. For
multiple choice questions selected by the teacher to measure low to moderate
thinking processes, the difficulty level of the questions can also be
controlled by the teacher. Multiple choice questions can help the teacher score
students more quickly and accurately because the correct answer for each item
is clear and certain. In the process of submitting assignment results, students
usually send the results of their assignments to the facilities available on
the Google Classroom, or via mailing lists such as WhatsApp,
email, Google Drive, or e-learning media provided by the school. Furthermore,
the teacher will provide feedback to students regarding the results of student
work.
B. Constraints faced by the teacher when the learning
pattern changes from face-to- face to online
The application of online
learning does help teachers in implementing learning effectively but that does
not mean it cannot be separated from an obstacle (Frehywot et al., 2013),(Minuti et al., 2018). The research center for the
DPR RI Expertise Agency explained that there are still obstacles in the
application of online learning such as the lack of human resource capabilities
in managing existing technology (both educators and students), lack of clarity
in local government directives regarding the learning system being implemented,
curriculum adjustments to learning needs, and limited facilities and
infrastructure, especially technology support and internet networks. Many
complaints were raised by the public regarding the implementation of online
learning, such as limited technology facilities and limited internet networks in
some areas (BKD, 2020). Reporting from national.kompas.com, the Indonesian
Child Protection Commission (KPAI) received at least 246 student complaints
complaining about online learning. KPAI commissioner RetnoListyarti
said complaints related to internet quota were recorded at the highest, namely
43% of the number of complaints received.
The existence of online
learning requires teachers to be open to technology
(Kemp, Palmer, & Strelan,
2019). Based
on research data obtained by researchers, the application of learning carried
out by teachers online as an alternative to learning in the face of the
Covid-19 pandemic in economic subjects in high school has an effect on teacher
performance, for young teachers. under 40 years of age there are no obstacles
when learning is carried out online, but for teachers whose technological
skills are lacking due to a lack of updates (not updating) and teachers over 40
years of age find it difficult to do online learning. Therefore, training is
needed that can help teachers in online learning.
The implementation of online
learning requires a fairly high cost for providing internet data procurement of
standard smartphones for online use, a strong internet signal network, and not
to mention if there are questions that make everything difficult for students.
Based on the explanation from the teacher, it is stated that online learning is
an opportunity for stubborn students not to take part in learning and not to
submit assignments for various supporting reasons (Albelbisi & Yusop,
2019). Of course, the problems
that teachers and students complain about have a big impact on the
effectiveness of the application of online learning. Therefore, a solution is
needed that must be applied by educators and students to anticipate various
obstacles that can occur.
C. Alternative learning solutions in the face of the
Covid-19 pandemic in economics in high school
The implementation of online
learning does not necessarily run smoothly, based on research data that has
been conducted by researchers, it is known that the application of online
learning actually creates new problems for teachers and students. Therefore,
there must be a solution that can be used by teachers in dealing with various
kinds of problems that arise from ongoing online learning.
The rise of the Covid-19 pandemic case has
made many schools still have to implement online-based learning. Many schools
provide policies for teachers to use online learning platforms that are easily
accessible to teachers and students, such as Google Classrooms, Google Meet,
zoom.us, and short message applications such as WhatsApp.
Figure 5The value given by teacher relates to the
ease of access to use of learning facilities
Based on research data, it
is known that an average of 44.8% of teachers gave a score of 8 for online
learning platforms, 24.1% gave a value of 9, and 3.4% gave a value of 10 which
means online learning using an online learning platform actually easily accessible
to students and teachers. Because online learning platforms help teachers and
students to be able to carry out the learning process anywhere and anytime (Misut & Pribilova,
2015). Teachers can be more
innovative if they use an online learning platform because teachers can modify
their learning to be more innovative by using the learning facilities available
on the platformso that students are more motivated
and learning objectives can be achieved (Harandi, 2015).
Figure 6
Learning facilities use in delivering course material online learning
The development of
e-learning is needed to improve the quality of learning (Brosser &
Vrabie, 2015). The availability of learning facilities can
improve the development of online learning. The facilities provided by online
learning platforms are quite diverse, for example the facilities for entering
learning materials in the form of power) point, Youtubelink,
Google Form, Google Doc, and many more. Regarding this, there were 93.1%
responses which explained that generally teachers delivered subject matter in
the form of files such as words, power points, and even learning videos. 62.1%
of teachers delivered learning materials using YouTube, 58.6% of responses
delivered subject matter using links for students to access. And
there were 44.8% of responses using Google Drive, and there were 3.4% of responses
that stated they preferred the Google form to deliver learning materials The
application of these technologies helps teachers improve skills technology so
that it becomes more updated and more aware of technological developments.
In the implementation
process, the application of online learning cannot be separated from the
obstacles that arise from students. Based on the teacher's explanation, the
tendency of students not to take part in learning for various reasons is very
likely, such as no internet signal, damaged cellphones, illness, and so on.
Therefore, teachers provide leeway for students in implementing online
learning, teachers always remind students to take part in learning, schools
provide quota packages to students through boss funds, and schools allow
students to use ICT laboratories for students who need to carry out online
learning. Actually, all kinds of solutions have been applied to overcome the
various obstacles that exist, but if there are still stubborn students during
the lesson, usually the homeroom teacher and counseling teacher will act
decisively to remind them by notifying their parents or making home visits. to find out the student's condition.
D. The effectiveness of the application of online
learning as an alternative to learning during the Covid-19 pandemic in
economics in high school
The development of
technology in the field of education has contributed significantly the
improvement of students' learning abilities. The objectives of learning using
technology can be achieved well by teachers by designing learning
systematically so that learning is more effective and directed (Zulfikar et al., 2019). Teachers can use online learning platforms that are
in accordance with student conditions to improve learning effectiveness.
The application of online
learning using an online learning platform is one of the learning alternatives
applied to anticipate the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic as an implementation
of learning and working at home policies (Hodges, Moore, Lockee,
Trust, & Bond, 2020). Based on research data, the teacher explained that
the application of online learning using an online learning platform was known
to be quite effective in helping teachers in distance learning. Online learning
is a challenge in itself for teachersbecause teachers
are required to be more creative and innovative in providing learning material
so that students can learn independently and students do not get bored easily (Supiandi & Lisa, 2018). Even though in fact the
application of online learning also makes it difficult for teachers because
teachers get tired easily when making learning materials and when correcting
student assignments.
When viewed from the
perspective of its effectiveness, the application of online learning by
utilizing online learning platforms such as Google Classroom, Google Meet,
zoom.us, and so on is indeed effective because there are many learning features
that all teachers can use in providing learning to students can actually help
teachers to provide material in more innovative ways. But in reality, based on
the teacher's explanation, face-to-face learning is much more efficient when
learning takes place because the teacher can directly overcome student learning
difficulties and also the teacher can find out the student's ability to accept
learning. The teacher's figure as a role model who loves, hones, and fosters
students more than the application of distance learning which makes the teacher
biased and not maximal in providing learning to students.
CONCLUSION
The Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on changing
learning methods from face-to-face learning to online learning. Learning
activities that were initially carried out in school due to the pandemic must
be carried out at home. This method of learning then makes many teachers use a
variety of online learning media as an alternative for learning which actually
causes many complaints from students such as the availability of internet
networks, availability of data, or even the availability of facilities and
infrastructure needed by students such as cellphones or laptops. However,
related to the complaints felt by students, the school has actually provided a
lot of ease of learning to students, such as internet data packages, learning
flexibility, and schools allowing students to use ICT labs for students who
need to carry out online learning. The implementation of online learning
provides an interesting experience for teachers and students. The existence of
this kind of learning, requires teachers to be more open to technology.
Teachers are required to be more innovative and creative so that all forms of
information conveyed can be easily understood by students. The teacher strives
to provide learning flexibility to students so that students do not feel
pressured when learning takes place, such as providing material that is easily
understood by students, giving uncomplicated evaluation questions, and the
teacher trying to understand the student's learning load so as not to be
burdensome.
Online learning is implemented by teachers using
learning platforms that can be easily accessed by students, such as Google
Classrooms, zoom.us, Google Meet, and even mailing list media such as WhatsApp and email. This learning platform is a learning
platform that has been chosen by many teachers for online learning because this
learning platform provides various kinds of learning facilities that can be easily
used by teachers to deliver learning materials more innovatively. Therefore,
the application of online learning as an alternative for learning by utilizing
online learning platforms has been proven to be effective during the Covid-19
pandemic in economic subjects in high school as a form of implementation of
learning and working at home policies. Although basically the implementation of
learning is more efficient during face-to-face learning, this is still
difficult to implement due to the soaring cases of the Covid-19 pandemic.
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