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Eduvest � Journal
of Universal Studies Volume 1 Number 8, August 2021 p- ISSN
2775-3735 e-ISSN 2775-3727 |
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PROCEDURES EXPERIMENTS USING
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC METHOD |
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Inne
Chaysalina, Achmad Syarief, Meirina Triharini Institut Teknologi Bandung E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] |
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ARTICLE
INFO������� ABSTRACT |
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Received: July,
24th 2021 Revised: August,
14th 2021 Approved: August,
16th 2021 |
Tangible
objects are actual objects that can be touched and have a physical form.
Therefore, the existence of tangible objects cannot be
separated from the potential of damage and even disappearance. At the
same time, tangible objects can be an essential source of research and can be
a historical source that needs to be preserved. With the development of
technology, objects can be recorded in digital
forms, 2D Documentation, such as photos and videos, and increasingly sophisticated
technology makes object recording developed in 3D Documentation. An easy
method with good data quality results is photogrammetric. The implementation
of the photogrammetric method has many advantages, some of which are
straightforward procedures, portable equipment, and relatively low prices.
This study uses a qualitative method based on photogrammetric experiments
with various lighting settings and different needs. The results of this
research are trying to breakdown of photogrammetric procedures that can applied according to field conditions. |
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KEYWORDS |
3D Documentation;
Photogrammetric Method; Tangible Objects |
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This
work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License |
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INTRODUCTION
All tangible objects that exist can
be called artifacts or cultural objects. It means all human creations (Setiadi, 2017). It is
undeniable that cultural objects become exciting objects to study because they
are rich in knowledge, especially culture (Khoirina, Suyitno, & Winarni, 2017). For this
reason, it is necessary to carry out preservation activities so that the object
does not disappear in the crush of time (Sudarsono, 2017).
Preservation is the integrity of the effort to preserve the object's history,
such as maintaining the physical object itself or documenting it, and will be
helpful for future generations (Zain, 2014). (Syaifullah & Wibowo, 2017) said that relics that can be interpreted as ancient and
rarely used could attract several people's attention for a purpose. An example
is in the contribution of science; research on cultural objects is the target
of researchers in the development of science (Hartati, 2020).
Then when human interactions are digitally integrated
into real and virtual spaces and change the state of our existence (Giannini & Bowen, 2019). Digitization has shaped a new arrangement that makes
humans and technology coexist. Digital transformation is the entry point for
change, and humans are the agents in that transition (Wijanarko, 2019). Now
appears a method of recording or documenting 3D using laser scanner technology
and digital photogrammetry. The advantage of 3-dimensional documentation
compared to 2-dimensional lies in representing data in 3-dimensional form
digitally (Astuti, 2012). Thus,
the documentary results of cultural objects in the form of shapes, colors,
textures, materials, and other information can be represented and monitored
from three axes simultaneously (Sukmana, 2011). The advantages of this method make 3-dimensional laser
scanning and digital photogrammetry a standard method of 3-dimensional
documentation of cultural objects around the world since the 1990s (Dostal & Yamafune, 2018).
Meanwhile, photogrammetry is superior in producing better texture data with
high mobility but requires a longer data acquisition time than laser scanners (Saputra, Rahardianto, & Gomez, 2016).
The documentation process is the main stage in the
maintenance of cultural objects (Prasetyo, 2019). This process can be helpful as a form of archiving
whose information can later be used for various purposes, such as research and
even the development of cultural object designs (Samosir, 2021). Documentation
for digital museums in 2D in the form of photos and videos has been widely
used, and as technology advances, documentation has taken to the 3D level. This
3D documentation method is broadly divided into laser
scanners and digital photogrammetry. This method has advantages, including
presenting data in a three-dimensional form which is then
used as a standard for three-dimensional documentation of cultural objects
worldwide since the 1990s. This three-dimensional form is also helpful in the
realm of design and research. By using the 3D form, it is hoped that users can
learn about shapes, dimensions to textures, which can be additional knowledge
about objects and cultural values that can stimulate the creative
process in designing so that the physical characteristics of the object can
provide cognitive stimulation in the creative thinking process (Younan & Treadaway, 2015).
A study conducted by (Samosir, 2021) proved
that photogrammetry on representative objects (samples) has good data quality.
However, this study has not been explained in detail
regarding the selection and arrangement of space to implement photogrammetry.
For this reason, this study will discuss experiments on the application of
photogrammetric procedures in several different room setting conditions. These
experiments aim to analyze the effect of other spatial arrangements on the 3D
reconstruction of objects' results.
RESEARCH METHODS
This study uses a qualitative method based on
photogrammetric experiments, which tested various field conditions with several
different needs. In general, this study uses the following initial procedural
design:
1. Selection of documentation location points. In selecting the location of the documentation, the
point must consider the lighting conditions, weather, availability of space,
and easy accessibility.
2. Preparation of documentation equipment and
environmental adjustment. At this stage, we are
setting the environment for the preparation of documentation. Some of the
standard equipment used in the documentation process is as follows.
1) Camera. There is
no standard literature that mentions a minimum specification for photogrammetry
but is based on research that has been done
previously, and it has at least a resolution of 13 MP. In this study, a
DSLR-type camera with the Canon EOS 800D type, which has a resolution of
24.2MP, will be used. The higher the specifications of
the camera, the better the 3D data will be (www.photomodeler.com).
2) Photo background. The use
of photo backgrounds intends to make object recording more focused and
facilitate the 3D reconstruction process.
3) Other supporting equipment by adjusting environmental
conditions such as lighting, tripods, rotary plates, and tables.
3. The process of taking pictures.
The photogrammetry process carries out by
photographing all visible parts of an object. However, to obtain efficient
data, it is recommended that two patterns of shooting methods are recommended,
namely parallel or parallel shooting and circular shooting.
4. The process of storing raw data after documentation.
This process expects so that the documentation process up to the 3D
reconstruction process can be appropriately stored.
5. 3D reconstruction process.
In this section, photos of objects that have been
photographed will be processed and the information data retrieved by the
3DF Zephyr software. In this section, the refining process is
also carried out to support the results of 3D objects.
6. Final storage stage.
At this stage, raw data storage carry out in the form of a collection of
two-dimensional photos of objects and 3D data storage that has been constructed
to be carried out to the next stage of digital preservation. This section is
the final part of the reconstruction, and the archiving process continued after
the storage of the previous raw data.
�
3D model
data format: .obj and .mtl
�
Map
texture: .png
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
An essential element that can affect the photogrammetric
results is the arrangement of space and lighting. Therefore, several
simulations of different lighting settings identify the need and suitability of
procedures that could be applied in the field. The
simulation process is also an exercise in testing shooting techniques according
to the complexity of the object's shape. Simulation experiments carried out in 4 different experiments, namely:
1. Experiment I: Object as Axis & Indoor
Arrangement.
2. Experiment II: Objects as axis & Outdoor Arrangement.
3. Experiment III: Rotating Objects & Outdoor
Settings.
4. Experiment IV: Rotating Objects & Indoor
Arrangement.
